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Al Mamun A, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. Pyroptosis in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and its Therapeutic Regulation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3839-3864. [PMID: 38895141 PMCID: PMC11185259 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s465203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of cell death resulting from the activation of gasdermins (GSDMs) pore-forming proteins and the release of several pro-inflammatory factors. However, inflammasomes are the intracellular protein complexes that cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to the formation of robust cell membrane pores and the initiation of pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation and gasdermin-mediated membrane pore formation are the important intrinsic processes in the classical pyroptotic signaling pathway. Overactivation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers pyroptosis and amplifies inflammation. Current evidence suggests that the overactivation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis may further induce the progression of cancers, nerve injury, inflammatory disorders and metabolic dysfunctions. Current evidence also indicates that pyroptosis-dependent cell death accelerates the progression of diabetes and its frequent consequences including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Pyroptosis-mediated inflammatory reaction further exacerbates DPN-mediated CNS injury. Accumulating evidence shows that several molecular signaling mechanisms trigger pyroptosis in insulin-producing cells, further leading to the development of DPN. Numerous studies have suggested that certain natural compounds or drugs may possess promising pharmacological properties by modulating inflammasomes and pyroptosis, thereby offering potential preventive and practical therapeutic approaches for the treatment and management of DPN. This review elaborates on the underlying molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and explores possible therapeutic strategies for regulating pyroptosis-regulated cell death in the pharmacological treatment of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China
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Hafez MH, Ez Elarab SM, Tohamy HG, El-Far AH. Thymoquinone attenuates diabetes-induced hepatic damage in rat via regulation of oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory cascade with molecular docking approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13016. [PMID: 38844763 PMCID: PMC11156670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic condition that causes organ dysfunction. The current experiment sought to determine the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetic rats prompted by streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg body weight i/p). The animals were allocated into control, TQ (50 mg/kg B.W. orally administered for 4 succeeding weeks), Diabetic, and Diabetic + TQ groups. This study confirmed that TQ preserves the levels of insulin, fasting blood glucose, HOMA β-cell indices, HbA1c %, body weight, and lipid profile substantially relative to the DC group. Furthermore, hepatic antioxidant (CAT, GSH, and T-SOD) values were reduced. Conversely, the enzymatic activity of liver functions (AST, ALT, ALP, cytochrome P450, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase), lipid peroxidation (MDA), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory marker (CRP) enhanced with STZ administration, which is substantially restored after TQ treatment. Relative to the diabetic rats, TQ reestablished the hepatic architectural changes and collagen fibers. Additionally, TQ downregulated the intensity of the immunohistochemical staining of pro-apoptotic marker (caspase-3), p53, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins in hepatic tissues. Furthermore, TQ displayed abilities to interact and inhibit the binding site of caspase-3, interleukin-6 receptor, interleukin-1 receptor type 1, TNF receptor superfamily member 1A, and TNF receptor superfamily member 1B in rats following the molecular docking modeling. All these data re-establish the liver functions, antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory markers, and anti-apoptotic proteins impacts of TQ in STZ-induced DM rats. Founded on these outcomes, the experiment proposes that TQ is a novel natural supplement with various clinical applications, including managing DM, which in turn is recommended to play a pivotal role in preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H Hafez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Ez Elarab
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Hossam G Tohamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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Zhen R, Wang S, Chen S. The Relationship Between UA/HDL and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:969-980. [PMID: 38435629 PMCID: PMC10908281 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to analyze correlations between the uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and peripheral nerve conduction velocity (NCV) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Patients and Methods This was a single-center cross-sectional analysis of 324 T2DM patients. All patients were separated into a group with normal NCV (NCVN) and a group with abnormal NCV (NCVA). Patients were also classified into groups with low and high UHR values based on the median UHR in this study cohort. Neurophysiological data including motor and sensory conduction velocity (MCV and SCV, respectively) were measured for all patients. Results Relative to patients with low UHR values, those in the high UHR group presented with greater NCVA prevalence (P = 0.002). UHR remained negatively correlated with bilateral superficial peroneal nerve SCV, bilateral common peroneal nerve MCV, bilateral ulnar nerve SCV, and bilateral right median nerve MCV even after adjustment for confounding factors. UHR was identified as an NCVA-related risk factor, with a 1.370-fold increase in NCVA prevalence for every unit rise in UHR (P < 0.001). Conclusion These results identify UHR as a risk factor associated with NCVA that was independently negatively associated with NCV among T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Xing H, Zhang S, You M, Yan M, Zhang J, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhu J. Thymoquinone Alleviates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy through Regulation of the TLR4-MyD88 Inflammatory Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3804-3817. [PMID: 37813830 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is one of the common adverse effects during the paclitaxel (PTX) treatment of cancer. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of thymoquinone (TQ) in the PIPN model. Through pain behavioral assays and histological assessment, we demonstrated that TQ significantly alleviated the nociceptive behavior, modulated the pathological changes in peripheral nerves, and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by PIPN in mice. In addition, TQ significantly reversed the reduced viability and inflammatory response of primary DRG neurons caused by PTX. Moreover, the gene expression of related pathways was detected by Western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence, and the results showed that TQ exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating TLR4/MyD88 and its downstream NF-κB and MAPKs inflammatory pathways in vivo and in vitro. The treatment with TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 further indicated the important role of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in PIPN. Furthermore, molecular docking and a cellular thermal shift assay were used to confirm the interaction of TQ with TLR4. In summary, our study shows that TQ can inhibit inflammatory responses against PIPN by regulating TLR4 and MyD88 and its downstream inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Min You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland 21218, United States
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Alkharfy KM, Ahmad A, Siddiquei MM, Ghulam M, El-Asrar AA. Thymoquinone Attenuates Retinal Expression of Mediators and Markers of Neurodegeneration in a Diabetic Animal Model. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:188-196. [PMID: 35049444 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220113105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a slow eye disease that affects the retina due to a long-standing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress can lead to neuronal damage leading to DR. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current investigation is to assess the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) as a potential compound for the treatment and/or prevention of neurovascular complications of diabetes, including DR. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats by the administration of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneally, i.p.). Subsequently, diabetic rats were treated with either TQ (2 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle on alternate days for three weeks. A healthy control group was also run in parallel. At the end of the treatment period, animals were euthanized, and the retinas were collected and analyzed for the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), and caspase-3 using Western blotting techniques in the retina of diabetic rats and compared with the normal control rats. In addition, dichlorofluorescein (DCF) levels in the retina were assessed as a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and blood-retinal barrier breakdown (BRB) was examined for vascular permeability. The systemic effects of TQ treatments on glycemic control, kidney and liver functions were also assessed in all groups. RESULTS Diabetic animals treated with TQ showed improvements in the liver and kidney functions compared with control diabetic rats. Normalization in the levels of neuroprotective factors, including BDNF, TH, and NGFR, was observed in the retina of diabetic rats treated with TQ. In addition, TQ ameliorated the levels of apoptosis regulatory protein caspase-3 in the retina of diabetic rats and reduced disruption of the blood-retinal barrier, possibly through a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TQ harbors a significant potential to limit the neurodegeneration and retinal damage that can be provoked by hyperglycemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mairaj Siddiquei
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ghulam
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Li C, Wang Z, Wang T, Zhou Y, Zheng L. Blocking CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 Ameliorates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy via Inhibiting Apoptosis and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:672-683. [PMID: 37121693 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that CXC motif chemokines are involved in neuronal injury and inflammatory processes. Bioinformatics analysis by using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was performed and identified CXC motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs) as associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The present study focused on CXC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), and the role and potential mechanisms of CXCL2 in DPN were investigated. The DPN rat model was generated by streptozotocin (STZ) injection in vivo, and high-glucose (HG)-stimulated Schwann cell RSC96 was considered a cell model of DPN in vitro. Neuropathic symptoms of DPN were explored by neurological tests and histological examinations. DPN rats showed a decreased level of motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) along with typical histological changes. CXCL2 expression was significantly increased in STZ-induced DPN rat sciatic nerve and HG-induced RSC96 cells. Functionally, CXCL2 knockdown inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammation activation under diabetic conditions in vitro and in vivo. CXCL2 knockdown increased cell viability in HG-treated RSC96 cells and reduced apoptosis concerning the decreased expression of cleaved Caspase 3/9. In addition, CXCL2 knockdown protected against NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The repressive effects of CXCL2 knockdown on inflammasome activation under HG conditions were significantly abolished by treatment of the NLRP3 activator nigericin. In conclusion, these results indicated that CXCL2 knockdown exhibited amelioration of hyperglycemia-induced DPN by inhibiting cell apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that targeting CXCL2 might be a potential strategy for DPN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Yahui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Lili Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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Neuritin Promotes Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration to Treat Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6666-6683. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Hirsch GE, Heck TG. Inflammation, oxidative stress and altered heat shock response in type 2 diabetes: the basis for new pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:411-425. [PMID: 31746233 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1687522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease characterised by variable degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Besides, several pieces of evidence have shown that chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are strongly involved in DM2 and its complications, and various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment alternatives act in these processes/molecules to modulate them and ameliorate the disease. Besides, uncontrolled hyperglycaemia is related to several complications as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and hepatic, renal and cardiac complications. In this review, we address discuss the involvement of different inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways related to DM2, and we described molecular targets modulated by therapeutics currently available to treat DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
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Hossain MJ, Kendig MD, Letton ME, Morris MJ, Arnold R. Peripheral Neuropathy Phenotyping in Rat Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluating Uptake of the Neurodiab Guidelines and Identifying Future Directions. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:198-221. [PMID: 35385634 PMCID: PMC8987683 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over half of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapies. While many rat and mouse models of T2DM exist, the phenotyping of DPN has been challenging with inconsistencies across laboratories. To better characterize DPN in rodents, a consensus guideline was published in 2014 to accelerate the translation of preclinical findings. Here we review DPN phenotyping in rat models of T2DM against the 'Neurodiab' criteria to identify uptake of the guidelines and discuss how DPN phenotypes differ between models and according to diabetes duration and sex. A search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 125 studies, categorised as either diet and/or chemically induced models or transgenic/spontaneous models of T2DM. The use of diet and chemically induced T2DM models has exceeded that of transgenic models in recent years, and the introduction of the Neurodiab guidelines has not appreciably increased the number of studies assessing all key DPN endpoints. Combined high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin rat models are the most frequently used and well characterised. Overall, we recommend adherence to Neurodiab guidelines for creating better animal models of DPN to accelerate translation and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meg E. Letton
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ria Arnold
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Corresponding author: Ria Arnold https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-6587 Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia E-mail:
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Yorek M. Treatment for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: What have we Learned from Animal Models? Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e040521193121. [PMID: 33949936 PMCID: PMC8965779 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210504101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal models have been widely used to investigate the etiology and potential treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. What we have learned from these studies and the extent to which this information has been adapted for the human condition will be the subject of this review article. METHODS A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was performed, and relevant articles on the topic were included in this review. RESULTS Extensive study of diabetic animal models has shown that the etiology of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is complex, with multiple mechanisms affecting neurons, Schwann cells, and the microvasculature, which contribute to the phenotypic nature of this most common complication of diabetes. Moreover, animal studies have demonstrated that the mechanisms related to peripheral neuropathy occurring in type 1 and type 2 diabetes are likely different, with hyperglycemia being the primary factor for neuropathology in type 1 diabetes, which contributes to a lesser extent in type 2 diabetes, whereas insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and other factors may have a greater role. Two of the earliest mechanisms described from animal studies as a cause for diabetic peripheral neuropathy were the activation of the aldose reductase pathway and increased non-enzymatic glycation. However, continuing research has identified numerous other potential factors that may contribute to diabetic peripheral neuropathy, including oxidative and inflammatory stress, dysregulation of protein kinase C and hexosamine pathways, and decreased neurotrophic support. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that peripheral neuropathy-like symptoms are present in animal models, representing pre-diabetes in the absence of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION This complexity complicates the successful treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and results in the poor outcome of translating successful treatments from animal studies to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yorek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242 USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, 52246 USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242 USA
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11
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Hagen KM, Ousman SS. Aging and the immune response in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 355:577574. [PMID: 33894676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of older individuals with diabetes go on to develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). DPN is associated with an increase in inflammatory cells within the peripheral nerve, activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and receptors for advanced glycation end products/advanced glycation end products pathways, aberrant cytokine expression, oxidative stress, ischemia, as well as pro-inflammatory changes in the bone marrow; all processes that may be exacerbated with age. We review the immunological features of DPN and discuss whether age-related changes in relevant immunological areas may contribute to age being a risk factor for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shalina S Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Thymoquinone, the Most Prominent Constituent of Nigella Sativa, Attenuates Liver Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Protein Expression. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder that results in dysfunction and failure of various organs. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of Thymoquinone (TQ), on antidiabetic, oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory activities in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (55 mg/kg b.w) diabetic rats. TQ was orally given for 8 consecutive weeks at dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. The blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver function enzymes, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels were measured accordingly in control, diabetes control (DC), and TQ-treatment groups. These experiments confirmed that TQ conserves the insulin level (0.4 ng/mL vs. 0.23 ng/mL), fasting blood glucose (146 ± 7 mg/dL vs. 225 ± 5 mg/dL), and HbA1c (7.5% vs. 10.6%) quite considerably as compared to DC animals. Our results also confirmed that TQ treatment conserves the body weight and lipid profile significantly in STZ-treated animals as compared to the DC group. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, GST, and CAT) levels decreased, liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6) increased by STZ treatment, that is significantly restored after TQ treatment. As compared to untreated animals, TQ restored the hepatocytes architectural changes and collagen fibers and cox-2 protein expression in liver tissues as evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining. Taken together, all these findings indicated that TQ ameliorates glucose level and lipid metabolism. It restores liver function, antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory markers, and maintains hepatocytes architecture in STZ-induced diabetes mellitus rats. Here, in this study, we have demonstrated for the first time the role of TQ in the reduction of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and fibrosis formation in diabetic rats. Based on the findings, the study suggests that TQ is a novel natural drug with a wide range of clinical applications including the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Shinouchi R, Shibata K, Hashimoto T, Jono S, Hasumi K, Nobe K. SMTP-44D improves diabetic neuropathy symptoms in mice through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00648. [PMID: 33215875 PMCID: PMC7677968 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes. However, there are few approved effective therapies for painful or insensate DN. Recent studies have implicated oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of DN, and suppressing these could be an important therapeutic strategy. We previously reported that Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-44D (SMTP-44D) exhibits both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SMTP-44D in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced DN. SMTP-44D was administered for 3 weeks after the disease induction, and its effects were evaluated on the basis of mechanical and thermal thresholds, blood flow in the bilateral hind paw, and blood flow and conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and malondialdehyde (MDA), in the sciatic nerve were assessed. Neurological degeneration was assessed by measuring myelin thickness and g-ratio in the sciatic nerve. SMTP-44D treatment significantly improved allodynia, hyperalgesia, blood flow, and conduction velocity in DN model mice in a dose-dependent manner. Neurological degeneration was also significantly improved, accompanied by decreased levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, 57.8%; IL-1β, 51.4%; IL-6, 62.8%; and MDA, 40.7% reduction rate against the diabetes mellitus + normal saline group). Thus, SMTP-44D can improve allodynia and hyperalgesia in DN without affecting the body weight and blood glucose levels, which may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, SMTP-44D could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shinouchi
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Keita Shibata
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Terumasa Hashimoto
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Shiori Jono
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu‐shiTokyoJapan
- TMS Co., LtdFuchu‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Nobe
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsSchool of PharmacyShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
- Pharmacology Research CenterShowa UniversityShinagawa‐kuTokyoJapan
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14
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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Lee WH, Lee IK, Suk K. Satellite glia as a critical component of diabetic neuropathy: Role of lipocalin-2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 axis in the dorsal root ganglion. Glia 2020; 69:971-996. [PMID: 33251681 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes. The pathogenesis of DPN is associated with chronic inflammation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), eventually causing structural and functional changes. Studies on DPN have primarily focused on neuronal component, and there is limited knowledge about the role of satellite glial cells (SGCs), although they completely enclose neuronal soma in DRG. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a pro-inflammatory acute-phase protein found in high levels in diverse neuroinflammatory and metabolic disorders. In diabetic DRG, the expression of LCN2 was increased exclusively in the SGCs. This upregulation of LCN2 in SGCs correlated with increased inflammatory responses in DRG and sciatic nerve. Furthermore, diabetes-induced inflammation and morphological changes in DRG, as well as sciatic nerve, were attenuated in Lcn2 knockout (KO) mice. Lcn2 gene ablation also ameliorated neuropathy phenotype as determined by nerve conduction velocity and intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Mechanistically, studies using specific gene KO mice, adenovirus-mediated gene overexpression strategy, and primary cultures of DRG SGCs and neurons have demonstrated that LCN2 enhances the expression of mitochondrial gate-keeping regulator pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 (PDK2) through PPARβ/δ, thereby inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and increasing production of glycolytic end product lactic acid in DRG SGCs and neurons of diabetic mice. Collectively, our findings reveal a crucial role of glial LCN2-PPARβ/δ-PDK2-lactic acid axis in progression of DPN. Our results establish a link between pro-inflammatory LCN2 and glycolytic PDK2 in DRG SGCs and neurons and propose a novel glia-based mechanism and drug target for therapy of DPN. MAIN POINTS: Diabetes upregulates LCN2 in satellite glia, which in turn increases pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 (PDK2) expression and lactic acid production in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Glial LCN2-PDK2-lactic acid axis in DRG plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Plus/Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Ren W, Xi G, Li X, Zhao L, Yang K, Fan X, Gao L, Xu H, Guo J. Long non-coding RNA HCG18 promotes M1 macrophage polarization through regulating the miR-146a/TRAF6 axis, facilitating the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:471-482. [PMID: 32996080 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most important complications in diabetes mellitus (DM), which has been reported to be modulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The purpose of the current study is to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA HCG18 on DPN in vitro. The expression of lncRNA HCG18, miR-146a, TRAF6, CD11c, and iNOS was detected by qRT-PCR. Through Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were determined. M1 macrophage polarization was measured by flow cytometry analysis. The interactions between miR-146a and HCG18/TRAF6 were predicted by Starbase/Targetscan software and verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay. Western blot assay was performed to determine the protein expression of TRAF6. LncRNA HCG18 was highly expressed in DPN model and HG-induced macrophages. The levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were elevated in DPN model. The expression of M1 markers (CD11c and iNOS) was visibly up-regulated in DPN model and was positively correlated with HCG18 expression. LncRNA HCG18 facilitated M1 macrophage polarization. In addition, miR-146a was identified as a target of lncRNA HCG18. Overexpression of miR-146a reversed the promoting effect of HCG18 on M1 macrophage polarization. Simultaneously, TRAF6 was a target gene of miR-146a TRAF6 expression was positively modulated by HCG18 and was negatively modulated by miR-146a. Down-regulation of TRAF6 reversed the promoting effect of HCG18 on M1 macrophage polarization. LncRNA HCG18 promotes M1 macrophage polarization via regulating the miR-146a/TRAF6 axis, facilitating the progression of DPN. This study provides a possible therapeutic strategy for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Guangxia Xi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, WuYi Road, Taiyuan City, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Linlin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 99, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan City, 030032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jianjin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, WuYi Road, Taiyuan City, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
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Beneficial effects of ferulic acid alone and in combination with insulin in streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy in Sprague Dawley rats. Life Sci 2020; 255:117856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Kalamegam G, Alfakeeh SM, Bahmaid AO, AlHuwait EA, Gari MA, Abbas MM, Ahmed F, Abu-Elmagd M, Pushparaj PN. In vitro Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Thymoquinone in Osteoarthritis and in silico Analysis of Inter-Related Pathways in Age-Related Degenerative Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:646. [PMID: 32793594 PMCID: PMC7391788 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in osteoarthritis (OA) and most age-related degenerative diseases. As conventional therapies help only in partial alleviation of symptoms in OA, stem cell-based therapies and herbal supplements are being widely explored. Thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of Nigella sativa is reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We evaluated the effects of TQ on bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) derived from OA patients and its interrelated pathways in inflammation and age-related degenerative diseases using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) as well as possible molecular targets using SwissTargetPrediction. BM-MSCs were derived from OA patients and their stemness properties were characterized by studying the MSCs related CD surface marker expression and differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Treatment with TQ (100 nM-5 μM) demonstrated cell death, especially at higher concentrations. MTT assay demonstrated a significant concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability which ranged from 20.04% to 69.76% with higher doses (300 nM, 1 μM, and 5 μM), especially at 48h and 72h. Additional cell viability testing with CellTiter-Blue also demonstrated a significant concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability which ranged from 27.80 to 73.67% with higher doses (300 nM, 1 μM, 3 μM, and 5 μM). Gene expression analysis following treatment of BM-MSCs with TQ (1 and 3 μM) for 48h showed upregulation of the anti-inflammatory genes IL-4 and IL-10. In contrast, the pro-inflammatory genes namely IFN-γ, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, and IL-12A although were upregulated, compared to the lower concentration of TQ (1 μM) they were all decreased at 3 μM. The pro-apoptotic BAX gene was downregulated while the SURVIVIN gene was upregulated. IPA of the molecular interaction of TQ in inflammation and age-related degenerative diseases identified canonical pathways directly related to synaptogenesis, neuroinflammation, TGF-β, and interleukin signaling. Further screening led to the identification of 36 molecules that are involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. SwissTargetPrediction of TQ identified potential molecular targets with high probability. TQ exerted anti-inflammatory effects and therefore can be a useful adjuvant along with conventional therapies against inflammation in OA and other age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Sheikh Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis by Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Saadiah M Alfakeeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Omar Bahmaid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Etimad A AlHuwait
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh A Gari
- Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Sheikh Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis by Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Abbas
- Sheikh Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis by Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Abu-Elmagd
- Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Liu YP, Shao SJ, Guo HD. Schwann cells apoptosis is induced by high glucose in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Life Sci 2020; 248:117459. [PMID: 32092332 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that affects approximately half of patients with diabetes. Current treatment regimens cannot treat DPN effectively. Schwann cells (SCs) are very sensitive to glucose concentration and insulin, and closely associated with the occurrence and development of type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) and DPN. Apoptosis of SCs is induced by hyperglycemia and is involved in the pathogenesis of DPN. This review considers the pathological processes of SCs apoptosis under high glucose, which include the following: oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, nitrification and signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, ERK, PERK/Nrf2, and Wnt/β-catenin). The clarification of mechanisms underlying SCs apoptosis induced by high glucose will help us to understand and identify more effective strategies for the treatment of T1DM DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shui-Jin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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The antidiabetic effect of thymoquinone: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Food Res Int 2020; 127:108736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Yan P, Wan Q, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Miao Y, Chen P, Gao C. Association between Circulating B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Population. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3436549. [PMID: 33110921 PMCID: PMC7578714 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3436549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease which is associated with cardiac dysfunction, usually measured with circulating levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), has been associated with incidence and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The potential relationship of circulating physiological levels of BNP with DPN, however, has not been reported. Circulating levels of BNP were measured in 258 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and participants were divided into a DPN group (n = 61) and no DPN group (n = 197). The relationship between circulating physiological levels of BNP and DPN and other parameters was analyzed. Circulating levels of BNP were significantly elevated in T2DM patients with DPN compared to those without (P = 0.001). Circulating levels of BNP were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure (P = 0.035), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.007), creatinine (P = 0.030), vibration perception threshold values (P = 0.021), and the prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration (P = 0.039), peripheral arterial disease (P = 0.013), DPN (P = 0.032), and diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.020) and negatively with lymphocyte count (P = 0.003) and ankle-brachial index (P = 0.038), irrespective of age, sex, and body mass index. Moreover, circulating levels of BNP was an independent decisive factor for the presence of DPN after multivariate adjustment (odds ratio, 1.044; 95% confidence interval, 1.006-1.084; P = 0.024). Additionally, the higher quartiles of circulating BNP were related significantly to an increased risk of DPN compared to the lowest quartile (P = 0.003). Last but most importantly, the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the best cutoff value for circulating levels of BNP to predict DPN was 15.18 pg/mL (sensitivity 78.7% and specificity 48.2%). These findings suggest that high circulating physiological levels of BNP may be associated with the development of DPN and may be a potential biomarker for DPN in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijun Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chenlin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Mohamed DI, Khairy E, Khedr SA, Habib EK, Elayat WM, El-Kharashi OA. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alleviates the peripheral neuropathy associated with liver cirrhosis via modulation of neural MEG3/PAR2/ NF-ҡB axis. Neurochem Int 2019; 132:104602. [PMID: 31751619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oxidative stress (OS) is accused in pathogenesis of many diseases, including liver cirrhosis by many mechanisms. One of them is the disturbance of long non coding maternally expressed 3 (MEG3)/protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) downstream pathway. We aimed to investigate the role of this axis in cirrhotic neuropathy and whether an antioxidant compound such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could improve the peripheral nerve function through repression of MEG3/PAR2. METHODS Thirty Wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups; naive, thiacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg 3 times/week. i.p. for 8 weeks) and TAA+NAC (50 or 100 or 200 mg/kg/day) groups. Von Frey (VF) test for mechanical nociceptive responses, hepatic& neural MEG3, NF-ҡB and neural PAR2 expression by PCR, histological studies for liver and sciatic nerve together with the dorsopedal skin thickness were done. RESULTS TAA induced significant decrease in liver function, negative VF test, an increase in the expression of hepatic& neural MEG3, NF-ҡB and neural PAR2. The histological studies showed cirrhotic changes with atrophy of the sciatic nerve and the dorsal skin. NAC improved the liver function together with reversal of the neural: functional, biochemical and histological changes in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS NAC could improve the peripheral neuropathy in cirrhotic rat through suppression of MEG3/PAR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa I Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Khairy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A Khedr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman K Habib
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wael M Elayat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omnyah A El-Kharashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Association between serum uric acid and large-nerve fiber dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1015-1022. [PMID: 30925549 PMCID: PMC6595885 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-nerve fiber dysfunction, as assessed by vibration perception threshold (VPT) predicts risks of ulceration, amputation, and mortality in diabetes. Serum uric acid (UA) is closely associated with various metabolic disorders, especially diabetes. Thus, we sought to investigate the clinical relevance of UA to large-nerve fiber dysfunction, among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Medical records of consecutive patients with T2D who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus between May 2014 and December 2016 were collected. Data for the 824 eligible patients included in the final analysis were extracted using a structured form. A VPT value ≥15 in either foot was defined as abnormal. We compared the clinical characteristics between patients with abnormal VPT and those with normal VPT (VPT value <15 in both feet) in the overall population and in gender subgroups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association of abnormal VPT with UA level. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare VPT values across four UA quartiles. Results UA levels were significantly lower in T2D patients with abnormal VPT than in those with normal VPT (294.5 ± 84.0 vs. 314.9 ± 92.8 μmol/L, P < 0.01), especially among male patients (311.7 ± 85.2 vs. 336.9 ± 89.6 μmol/L, P < 0.01). From the logistic regression analysis, hyperuricemia (males >420 μmol/L; females >360 μmol/L) was associated with a reduced risk of abnormal VPT (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.91; P < 0.05). This association was robust in male patients (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24–0.76; P < 0.01) but not in female patients (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.47–1.82; P = 0.816), even after adjustment for confounding factors. For the younger male subgroup (age <65 years), VPT values decreased as the UA level increased (P for trend = 0.002), but this trend was not significant in older male subgroup (age ≥65 years; P for trend = 0.400). Conclusions Low serum UA levels showed a significant association with an increased risk of large-nerve fiber dysfunction in male patients with T2D, but not in female patients with T2D. In addition, in only the younger subgroup of male patients (<65 years), lower levels of UA also correlated with higher VPT values.
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Saleh HA, Abd El-Aziz GS, Mustafa HN, El-Fark M, Mal A, Aburas M, Deifalla AH. Thymoquinone ameliorates oxidative damage and histopathological changes of developing brain neurotoxicity. J Histotechnol 2019; 42:116-127. [PMID: 31492091 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1619654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is known to be a chief environmental health issue, especially for pregnant women and young children. Today, the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of many diseases and different toxic agents has become highly accepted due to their effectiveness and lower costs. Thymoquinone (TQ), which is extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This study was designed to explore the optional protectivity of TQ against maternal and fetal oxidative stress and brain damage induced by Pb administration. Pregnant rats were distributed into seven groups: control group, TQ group, DMSO group, two groups Pb-treated (160 and 320 ppm), and two groups Pb-treated (160 and 320 ppm) co-treated with TQ. Administration started from gestation day 1 (GD1) to day 20 (GD20) through oral gavage once daily. Lead administration caused a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses. Also, the histopathological assessment of the brains from Pb-treated groups showed marked alterations. Co-treatment of with TQ and Pb caused a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone and amelioration of histopathological changes in the brains. It was concluded that co-treatment of TQ along with gestational Pb exposure could mitigate the effects against Pb-induced maternal and fetal neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A Saleh
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal S Abd El-Aziz
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham N Mustafa
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy El-Fark
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mal
- Marine Biology Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Majdah Aburas
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Deifalla
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Bahrain
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Üstün R, Oğuz EK, Şeker A, Korkaya H. Thymoquinone prevents cisplatin neurotoxicity in primary DRG neurons. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Üstün R, Oğuz EK, Şeker A, Korkaya H. Thymoquinone protects DRG neurons from axotomy-induced cell death. Neurol Res 2018; 40:930-937. [PMID: 30088803 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1504157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a significant health problem that is linked to sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits. This pathological condition leads to a reduced quality of life in most affected individuals. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the repair of PNI. Effective agents that promote SC activation may facilitate and accelerate peripheral nerve repair. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive component of Nigella sativa seeds, has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. In the present study, the neuroprotective efficacy of TQ was investigated by using a laser microdissection technique in a mouse PNI model. METHODS Single cells were isolated from dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of 6-8-week-old mice, maintained in defined culture conditions and treated with or without TQ at different concentrations. Axons were cut (axotomy) using a controllable laser microbeam to model axonal injury in vitro. Under fluorescence microscopy, cell viability was evaluated using the fluorescent dyes. The behavior of the cells was continuously monitored with time-lapse video microscopy. RESULTS TQ significantly increased neuronal survival by promoting the survival and proliferation of SCs and fibroblasts, as well as the migration of SCs. Furthermore, TQ improved the ability to extend neurites of axotomized neurons. The regenerative effect of TQ was dose-dependent suggesting a target specificity. Our studies warrant further preclinical and clinical investigations of TQ as a potential regenerative agent to treat peripheral nerve injuries. CONCLUSION TQ exhibits a regenerative potential for the treatment of damaged peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Üstün
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey.,b Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Elif Kaval Oğuz
- b Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Ayşe Şeker
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center , Augusta University , Augusta , GA , USA
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Dewanjee S, Das S, Das AK, Bhattacharjee N, Dihingia A, Dua TK, Kalita J, Manna P. Molecular mechanism of diabetic neuropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:472-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gonçalves NP, Vægter CB, Pallesen LT. Peripheral Glial Cells in the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:268. [PMID: 29770116 PMCID: PMC5940740 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing, affecting more than half a billion individuals within the next few years. As diabetes negatively affects several physiological systems, this dramatic increase represents not only impaired quality of life on the individual level but also a huge socioeconomic challenge. One of the physiological consequences affecting up to half of diabetic patients is the progressive deterioration of the peripheral nervous system, resulting in spontaneous pain and eventually loss of sensory function, motor weakness, and organ dysfunctions. Despite intense research on the consequences of hyperglycemia on nerve functions, the biological mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy are still largely unknown, and treatment options lacking. Research has mainly focused directly on the neuronal component, presumably from the perspective that this is the functional signal-transmitting unit of the nerve. However, it is noteworthy that each single peripheral sensory neuron is intimately associated with numerous glial cells; the neuronal soma is completely enclosed by satellite glial cells and the length of the longest axons covered by at least 1,000 Schwann cells. The glial cells are vital for the neuron, but very little is still known about these cells in general and especially how they respond to diabetes in terms of altered neuronal support. We will discuss current knowledge of peripheral glial cells and argue that increased research in these cells is imperative for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Pereira Gonçalves
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Bjerggaard Vægter
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lone Tjener Pallesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Modulation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Sulforaphane in Experimental Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Inflammation 2018; 41:1460-1476. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Neuropharmacological Potential and Delivery Prospects of Thymoquinone for Neurological Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1209801. [PMID: 29743967 PMCID: PMC5883931 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1209801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is an active ingredient isolated from Nigella sativa and has various pharmacological activities, such as protection against oxidative stress, inflammation, and infections. In addition, it might be a potential neuropharmacological agent because it exhibits versatile potential for attenuating neurological impairments. It features greater beneficial effects in toxin-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. In various models of neurological disorders, it demonstrates emergent functions, including safeguarding various neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological diseases, such as stroke, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. TQ also has potential effects in trauma mediating and chemical-, radiation-, and drug-induced central nervous system injuries. Considering the pharmacokinetic limitations, research has concentrated on different TQ novel formulations and delivery systems. Here, we visualize the neuropharmacological potential, challenges, and delivery prospects of TQ, specifically focusing on neurological disorders along with its chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity.
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Feng Y, Chen L, Luo Q, Wu M, Chen Y, Shi X. Involvement of microRNA-146a in diabetic peripheral neuropathy through the regulation of inflammation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:171-177. [PMID: 29398906 PMCID: PMC5775734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s157109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Recent evidence has shown the involvement of inflammation in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) is closely involved in the inflammatory response. However, the role of miR-146a in the inflammatory reaction in DPN has not been clarified. This study was designed to explore the role of miR-146a in the regulation of inflammatory responses in DPN. Methods Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 per group): control group, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group and DPN group. T2DM and DPN rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin. Sciatic nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was determined at the 6th week and the 12th week in each group. The expression of microRNAs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in three sciatic nerves for each group of rats. Expression of inflammatory cytokines in nerve tissues and plasma was measured by Western blot and Bio-Plex Pro™ assays. Results The NCV and expression levels of miR-146a in the DPN group were significantly decreased (P<0.01) compared to the other two groups. Expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the DPN group was significantly increased compared with the control and T2DM groups (P<0.01). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the expression level of miR-146a was negatively correlated with the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB. Conclusion miR-146a is involved in the pathogenesis of DPN, and its expression level is closely related to the inflammatory responses that aggravate sciatic nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Men Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lin X, Xu L, Zhao D, Luo Z, Pan S. Correlation between serum uric acid and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients. J Neurol Sci 2017; 385:78-82. [PMID: 29406919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS Two hundred T2DM patients were divided into four groups at the cut-off points of 5, 7, and 9mg/dL of SUA levels. Nerve conduction studies (NCS), Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing (SWMT), and vibration perception threshold (VPT) tests were performed on these patients. RESULTS Significant differences in motor/sensory nerve amplitude and conduction velocity (CV) parameters among different SUA level groups were observed (all P<0.05). SUA levels were negatively correlated with the means of motor/sensory nerve amplitude and CV (all P<0.05). Duration of T2DM >10years, SUA >9mg/dL and total cholesterol (TC) >5.2mmol/L were found to be significantly associated with DPN (all P<0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the cut-off points of T2DM duration combined with SUA and TC were 9years, 7.8mg/dL, and 4.97mmol/L, respectively (AUC=0.65; 95% CI: 0.53-0.77; sensitivity, 70.6%; specificity, 65.2%, P=0.009). CONCLUSION There is a significant association between elevated SUA levels and DPN, and T2DM duration, SUA, and TC may be valuable indicators to predict the occurrence of DPN in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopu Lin
- Department of Huiqiao Building, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Deqiang Zhao
- Department of Huiqiao Building, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhiyin Luo
- Department of Huiqiao Building, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Maekawa T, Tadaki H, Sasase T, Motohashi Y, Miyajima K, Ohta T, Kume S. Pathophysiological profiles of SDT fatty rats, a potential new diabetic peripheral neuropathy model. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 88:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.09.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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El-Shemi AG, Kensara OA, Alsaegh A, Mukhtar MH. Pharmacotherapy with Thymoquinone Improved Pancreatic β-Cell Integrity and Functional Activity, Enhanced Islets Revascularization, and Alleviated Metabolic and Hepato-Renal Disturbances in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Pharmacology 2017; 101:9-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000480018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This study is aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats, and exploring the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared STZ (65 mg/kg). After disease induction, 42 rats were equally assigned to: controls, STZ-diabetic group, and STZ-diabetic group treated with oral TQ (35 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined weekly, and the animals were euthanized at day 38 post-STZ injection. Blood samples were assessed for glucose-insulin homeostasis parameters (plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity index) and lipid profile. Resected pancreases were subjected to histological examination and immunohistochemical or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessment to determine the pancreatic expression of insulin sensitizing β-cells, anti-apoptotic protein “survivin,” apoptosis-inducer “caspase-3,” prototypic angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and endothelial cluster of differentiation 31 [CD31]), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta [IL-1β] and interleukin-10 [IL-10], respectively), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The hepato-renal statuses were assessed biochemically and histologically. Results: Therapy with TQ markedly improved the integrity of pancreatic islets, glucose-insulin homeostasis-related parameters, lipid profile parameters, and hepato-renal functional and histomorphological statuses that collectively were severely deteriorated in untreated diabetic group. Mechanistically, TQ therapy efficiently increased insulin producing β-cells, upregulated survivin, VEGF, CD31, IL-10, GSH and SOD, and downregulated caspase-3, IL-1β, and TBARSs in the pancreatic tissues of STZ-diabetic rats. Conclusions: These findings prove the anti-diabetic potential of TQ and its efficacy in regenerating pancreatic β-cells and ameliorating pancreatic inflammation and oxidative stress, and highlight its novelty in repressing apoptosis of β-cells and enhancing islet revascularization in STZ-diabetic rats. Further studies are required to support these findings and realize their possible clinical significance.
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Salehi M, Naseri-Nosar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Nourani M, Khojasteh A, Farzamfar S, Mansouri K, Ai J. Polyurethane/Gelatin Nanofibrils Neural Guidance Conduit Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Melatonin for Transplantation of Schwann Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:703-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Feldman EL, Nave KA, Jensen TS, Bennett DLH. New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, and Pain. Neuron 2017; 93:1296-1313. [PMID: 28334605 PMCID: PMC5400015 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pre-diabetes and diabetes are a global epidemic, and the associated neuropathic complications create a substantial burden on both the afflicted patients and society as a whole. Given the enormity of the problem and the lack of effective therapies, there is a pressing need to understand the mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy (DN). In this review, we present the structural components of the peripheral nervous system that underlie its susceptibility to metabolic insults and then discuss the pathways that contribute to peripheral nerve injury in DN. We also discuss systems biology insights gleaned from the recent advances in biotechnology and bioinformatics, emerging ideas centered on the axon-Schwann cell relationship and associated bioenergetic crosstalk, and the rapid expansion of our knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to neuropathic pain in diabetes. These recent advances in our understanding of DN pathogenesis are paving the way for critical mechanism-based therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Troels S Jensen
- Department of Neurology and Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David L H Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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