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Chen J, Zhou L, Li X, Wu X, Li Y, Si L, Deng Y. Protective effect of zerumbone on sepsis-induced acute lung injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity via NF-κB pathway inhibition and HO-1 activation. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2241-2255. [PMID: 37812239 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic illness for which there are no effective preventive or therapeutic therapies. Zerumbone, a natural molecule, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that may help to prevent sepsis. In the present study, we have assessed the protective effect of zerumbone against sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its underlying mechanisms. During the experiment, mice were divided into five groups: a sham group, a sepsis-induced ALI group, and three sepsis groups that are pre-treated with zerumbone at different concentrations. We found that zerumbone greatly decreased the sepsis-induced ALI using histological investigations. Also, zerumbone treatment reduced the sepsis-induced inflammatory cytokine concentrations as well as the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells in BALF compared to non-treated sepsis animals. The zerumbone-pretreated sepsis groups had reduced pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity than the sepsis groups. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the protective action of zerumbone on sepsis is accomplished by the activation of antioxidant genes such as nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The obtained results revealed that zerumbone inhibited the sepsis-induced ALI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and activation of HO-1 pathway. Our findings demonstrate that zerumbone pretreatment suppresses sepsis-induced ALI via antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory, implying that zerumbone could be a viable preventive agent for sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingbin Li
- Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linjie Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yijun Deng
- Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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Liu J, Wu Q, Wu Q, Zhong G, Liang Y, Gu Y, Hu Y, Wang W, Hao N, Fang S, Li W, Pan H, Wang Q, Fang J. Modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in APP/PS1 mice by Gomisin B and Osthole in Bushen-Yizhi formula: Synergistic effects and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155023. [PMID: 37586159 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with no effective cure. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway may offer a novel approach to ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD. Bushen-Yizhi formula (BSYZ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has shown potential benefits for AD. To facilitate the development of new therapeutic agents for AD, it is important to identify the active components and the underlying mechanisms of BSYZ against AD. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systematically screen the active components of BSYZ that could improve learning and memory impairment in AD by modulating ER stress pathway. METHODS A drug-target (D-T) network was constructed to analyze the herbal components of BSYZ. Network proximity method was used to identify the potential anti-AD components that targeted ER stress and evaluate their synergistic effects. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties and the literature evidence were considered to select promising candidates for further validation. The selected components were tested in vitro using an AD cell model (APPswe-SH-SY5Y). In vivo anti-AD effects of the components were assessed in APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice. RESULTS 58 potential anti-AD components targeting ER stress were detected by network proximity analysis, and 13 out of them were selected based on ADMET properties and literature evidence. In vitro experiments confirmed that 5 components, namely gomisin B, β-Carotene, imperatorin, chrysophanol, and osthole (OST), exhibited anti-AD effects on the APPswe-SH-SY5Y model. Moreover, network proximity analysis suggested that OST and Gomisin B might have synergistic effects on modulating ER stress. In vivo experiments demonstrated that OST, Gomisin B, OST+Gomisin B, and BSYZ all improved learning and memory function in APP/PS1 mice. Gomisin B and OST also restored cellular morphology and tissue structure in APP/PS1 mice. Thioflavine-S (Th-S) staining revealed that they reduced amyloid plaque deposition in the brain tissue of AD model mice. The qPCR results indicated that BSYZ, OST, and Gomisin B differentially regulated IRE1α, PERK, EIF2α, DDIT3, and Caspase 12 expression levels, while the OST and Gomisin B co-administration group showed better efficacy. This trend was further confirmed by immunofluorescence experiments. CONCLUSION This study identified the active components of BSYZ that could ameliorate learning and memory impairment in AD by targeting ER stress pathway. OST and Gomisin B exhibited synergistic effects on modulating ER stress and reducing amyloid plaque deposition in vivo. Overall, our study elucidated the molecular mechanisms of BSYZ and its active components in attenuating AD symptoms which suggested the therapeutic potential of TCM for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen, 529099, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Qiqing Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, China
| | - Ning Hao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Yang Y, Chen R, Che Y, Yao X, Fang M, Wang Y, Zhou D, Li N, Hou Y. Isoamericanin A improves lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in mice through suppression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateoxidase-dependent nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3982-4001. [PMID: 37209001 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in the elderly. Isoamericanin A (ISOA) is a natural lignan possessing great potential for AD treatment. This study investigated the efficacy of ISOA on memory impairments in the mice intrahippocampal injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the underlying mechanism. Y-maze and Morris Water Maze data suggested that ISOA (5 and 10 mg/kg) ameliorated short- and long-term memory impairments, and attenuated neuronal loss and lactate dehydrogenase activity. ISOA exerted anti-inflammatory effect demonstrating by the reduction of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 positive cells and suppression of marker protein and pro-inflammation cytokines expressions induced by LPS. ISOA suppressed the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. ISOA inhibited superoxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation by reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, demonstrating by suppressing NADP+ and NADPH contents, gp91phox expression, and p47phox expression and membrane translocation. These effects were enhanced in combination with NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. The neuroprotective effect of ISOA was further proved in the in vitro models. Overall, our data revealed a novel pharmacological activity of ISOA: ameliorating memory impairment in AD via inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingxia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Song Z, Bhattacharya S, Huang G, Greenberg ZJ, Yang W, Bagaitkar J, Schuettpelz LG, Dinauer MC. NADPH oxidase 2 limits amplification of IL-1β-G-CSF axis and an immature neutrophil subset in murine lung inflammation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1225-1240. [PMID: 36103336 PMCID: PMC10111367 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) regulates inflammation independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inherited defects in NOX2 lead to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), associated with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, often with excessive neutrophilic inflammation that results in significant inflammatory burden and tissue damage. We previously showed that excessive leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production by NOX2-deficient mouse neutrophils was a key driver of elevated lung neutrophil infiltration in the initial response to pulmonary challenge with the model fungal particle zymosan. We now identify interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and downstream granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as critical amplifying signals that augment and sustain neutrophil accrual in CGD mice. Neutrophils, delivered into the lung via LTB4, were the primary source of IL-1β within the airways, and their increased numbers in CGD lungs led to significantly elevated local and plasma G-CSF. Elevated G-CSF simultaneously promoted increased granulopoiesis and mobilized the release of higher numbers of an immature CD101- neutrophil subset from the marrow, which trafficked to the lung and acquired a significantly more proinflammatory transcriptome in CGD mice compared with wild-type mice. Thus, neutrophil-produced IL-1β and downstream G-CSF act sequentially but nonredundantly with LTB4 to deploy neutrophils and amplify inflammation in CGD mice after inhalation of zymosan. NOX2 plays a critical role in dampening multiple components of a feed-forward pipeline for neutrophil recruitment, and these findings highlight NOX2 as a key regulator of neutrophil number, subsets, and function at inflamed sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zev J. Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Laura G. Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Cagnina RE, Michels KR, Bettina AM, Burdick MD, Scindia Y, Zhang Z, Braciale TJ, Mehrad B. Neutrophil-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Drives Fungal Acute Lung Injury in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1225-1235. [PMID: 33822981 PMCID: PMC8682762 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results from deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase and impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This leads to impaired killing of Aspergillus and, independently, a pathologic hyperinflammatory response to the organism. We hypothesized that neutrophil-derived ROS inhibit the inflammatory response to Aspergillus and that acute lung injury in CGD is due to failure of this regulation. Mice with gp91phox deficiency, the most common CGD mutation, had more severe lung injury, increased neutrophilinfiltration, and increased lung tumor necrosis factor (TNF) after Aspergillus challenge compared with wild-types. Neutrophils were surprisingly the predominant source of TNF in gp91phox-deficient lungs. TNF neutralization inhibited neutrophil recruitment in gp91phox-deficient mice and protected from lung injury. We propose that, in normal hosts, Aspergillus stimulates TNF-dependent neutrophil recruitment to the lungs and neutrophil-derived ROS limit inflammation. In CGD, in contrast, recruited neutrophils are the dominant source of TNF, promoting further neutrophil recruitment in a pathologic positive-feedback cycle, resulting in progressive lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elaine Cagnina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn R Michels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexandra M Bettina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Marie D Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,Virginia, USA
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Herb M, Gluschko A, Schramm M. Reactive Oxygen Species: Not Omnipresent but Important in Many Locations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716406. [PMID: 34557488 PMCID: PMC8452931 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, have been established over decades of research as, on the one hand, important and versatile molecules involved in a plethora of homeostatic processes and, on the other hand, as inducers of damage, pathologies and diseases. Which effects ROS induce, strongly depends on the cell type and the source, amount, duration and location of ROS production. Similar to cellular pH and calcium levels, which are both strictly regulated and only altered by the cell when necessary, the redox balance of the cell is also tightly regulated, not only on the level of the whole cell but in every cellular compartment. However, a still widespread view present in the scientific community is that the location of ROS production is of no major importance and that ROS randomly diffuse from their cellular source of production throughout the whole cell and hit their redox-sensitive targets when passing by. Yet, evidence is growing that cells regulate ROS production and therefore their redox balance by strictly controlling ROS source activation as well as localization, amount and duration of ROS production. Hopefully, future studies in the field of redox biology will consider these factors and analyze cellular ROS more specifically in order to revise the view of ROS as freely flowing through the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Gluschko
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Schramm
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
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Trevelin SC, Sag CM, Zhang M, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, dos Santos CX, Sawyer G, Murray T, Brewer A, Laurindo FRM, Protti A, Lopes LR, Ivetic A, Cunha FQ, Shah AM. Endothelial Nox2 Limits Systemic Inflammation and Hypotension in Endotoxemia by Controlling Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4. Shock 2021; 56:268-277. [PMID: 34276040 PMCID: PMC8284354 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leukocyte Nox2 is recognized to have a fundamental microbicidal function in sepsis but the specific role of Nox2 in endothelial cells (EC) remains poorly elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial Nox2 participates in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and hypotension induced by LPS. LPS was injected intravenously in mice with Tie2-targeted deficiency or transgenic overexpression of Nox2. Mice with Tie2-targeted Nox2 deficiency had increased circulating levels of TNF-α, enhanced numbers of neutrophils trapped in lungs, and aggravated hypotension after LPS injection, as compared to control LPS-injected animals. In contrast, Tie2-driven Nox2 overexpression attenuated inflammation and prevented the hypotension induced by LPS. Because Tie2-Cre targets both EC and myeloid cells we generated bone marrow chimeric mice with Nox2 deletion restricted to leukocytes or ECs. Mice deficient in Nox2 either in leukocytes or ECs had reduced LPS-induced neutrophil trapping in the lungs and lower plasma TNF-α levels as compared to control LPS-injected mice. However, the pronounced hypotensive response to LPS was present only in mice with EC-specific Nox2 deletion. Experiments in vitro with human vein or aortic endothelial cells (HUVEC and HAEC, respectively) treated with LPS revealed that EC Nox2 controls NF-κB activation and the transcription of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is the recognition receptor for LPS. In conclusion, these results suggest that endothelial Nox2 limits NF-κB activation and TLR4 expression, which in turn attenuates the severity of hypotension and systemic inflammation induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Min Zhang
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Célio Xavier dos Santos
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Thomas Murray
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alison Brewer
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Andrea Protti
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
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9
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Moghadam ZM, Henneke P, Kolter J. From Flies to Men: ROS and the NADPH Oxidase in Phagocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628991. [PMID: 33842458 PMCID: PMC8033005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents an evolutionary ancient antimicrobial defense system against microorganisms. The NADPH oxidases (NOX), which are predominantly localized to endosomes, and the electron transport chain in mitochondria are the major sources of ROS. Like any powerful immunological process, ROS formation has costs, in particular collateral tissue damage of the host. Moreover, microorganisms have developed defense mechanisms against ROS, an example for an arms race between species. Thus, although NOX orthologs have been identified in organisms as diverse as plants, fruit flies, rodents, and humans, ROS functions have developed and diversified to affect a multitude of cellular properties, i.e., far beyond direct antimicrobial activity. Here, we focus on the development of NOX in phagocytic cells, where the so-called respiratory burst in phagolysosomes contributes to the elimination of ingested microorganisms. Yet, NOX participates in cellular signaling in a cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic manner, e.g., via the release of ROS into the extracellular space. Accordingly, in humans, the inherited deficiency of NOX components is characterized by infections with bacteria and fungi and a seemingly independently dysregulated inflammatory response. Since ROS have both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, their tight regulation in space and time is required for an efficient and well-balanced immune response, which allows for the reestablishment of tissue homeostasis. In addition, distinct NOX homologs expressed by non-phagocytic cells and mitochondrial ROS are interlinked with phagocytic NOX functions and thus affect the overall redox state of the tissue and the cellular activity in a complex fashion. Overall, the systematic and comparative analysis of cellular ROS functions in organisms of lower complexity provides clues for understanding the contribution of ROS and ROS deficiency to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mansoori Moghadam
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020313. [PMID: 33669824 PMCID: PMC7923022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated immunity is unquestioned. Their functions comprise direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites as well as redox-regulation of immune signaling and induction of inflammasome activation. However, only a few studies have performed in-depth ROS analyses and even fewer have identified the precise redox-regulated target molecules. In this review, we will give a brief introduction to ROS and their sources in macrophages, summarize the versatile roles of ROS in direct and indirect antimicrobial immune defense, and provide an overview of commonly used ROS probes, scavengers and inhibitors.
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11
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Novel and Converging Ways of NOX2 and SOD3 in Trafficking and Redox Signaling in Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020172. [PMID: 33503855 PMCID: PMC7911390 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and related tissue macrophage populations use the classical NADPH oxidase (NOX2) for the regulated production of superoxide and derived oxidants for pathogen combat and redox signaling. With an emphasis on macrophages, we discuss how sorting into secretory storage vesicles, agonist-responsive membrane trafficking, and segregation into sphingolipid and cholesterol-enriched microdomains (lipid rafts) determine the subcellular distribution and spatial organization of NOX2 and superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3). We discuss how inflammatory activation of macrophages, in part through small GTPase Rab27A/B regulation of the secretory compartments, mediates the coalescence of these two proteins on the cell surface to deliver a focalized hydrogen peroxide output. In interplay with membrane-embedded oxidant transporters and redox sensitive target proteins, this arrangement allows for the autocrine and paracrine signaling, which govern macrophage activation states and transcriptional programs. By discussing examples of autocrine and paracrine redox signaling, we highlight why formation of spatiotemporal microenvironments where produced superoxide is rapidly converted to hydrogen peroxide and conveyed immediately to reach redox targets in proximal vicinity is required for efficient redox signaling. Finally, we discuss the recent discovery of macrophage-derived exosomes as vehicles of NOX2 holoenzyme export to other cells.
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12
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Teixeira-Santos L, Albino-Teixeira A, Pinho D. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and their interplay in neuropathic pain: Focus on specialized pro-resolving mediators and NADPH oxidase inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105280. [PMID: 33161139 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic condition that results from a lesion or disease of the nervous system, greatly impacting patients' quality of life. Current pharmacotherapy options deliver inadequate and/or insufficient responses and thus a significant unmet clinical need remains for alternative treatments in NP. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and their reciprocal relationship are critically involved in NP pathophysiology. In this context, new pharmacological approaches, aiming at enhancing the resolution phase of inflammation and/or restoring redox balance by targeting specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources, are emerging as potential therapeutic strategies for NP, with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Several reports have demonstrated that administration of exogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) ameliorates NP pathophysiology. Likewise, deletion or inhibition of the ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX), particularly its isoforms 2 and 4, results in beneficial effects in NP models. Notably, SPMs also modulate oxidative stress and NOX also regulates neuroinflammation. By targeting neuroinflammatory and oxidative pathways, both SPMs analogues and isoform-specific NOX inhibitors are promising therapeutic strategies for NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Teixeira-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - Dora Pinho
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Beyond bacterial killing: NADPH oxidase 2 is an immunomodulator. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Chatterjee A, Kosmacek EA, Shrishrimal S, McDonald JT, Oberley-Deegan RE. MnTE-2-PyP, a manganese porphyrin, reduces cytotoxicity caused by irradiation in a diabetic environment through the induction of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101542. [PMID: 32361681 PMCID: PMC7200317 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is a common anticancer therapy for many cancer patients, including prostate cancer. Diabetic prostate cancer patients suffer from increased lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence and decreased survival as compared to non-diabetic prostate cancer patients. These patients are also at increased risk for enhanced radiation-induced normal tissue damage such as proctitis. Diabetics are oxidatively stressed and radiation causes additional oxidative damage. We and others have reported that, MnTE-2-PyP, a manganese porphyrin, protects normal prostate tissue from radiation damage. We have also reported that, in an in vivo mouse model of prostate cancer, MnTE-2-PyP decreases tumor volume and increases survival of the mice. In addition, MnTE-2-PyP has also been shown to reduce blood glucose and inhibits pro-fibrotic signaling in a diabetic model. Therefore, to investigate the role of MnTE-2-PyP in normal tissue protection in an irradiated diabetic environment, we have treated human prostate fibroblast cells with MnTE-2-PyP in an irradiated hyperglycemic environment. This study revealed that hyperglycemia causes increased cell death after radiation as compared to normo-glycemia. MnTE-2-PyP protects against hyperglycemia-induced cell death after radiation. MnTE-2-PyP decreases expression of NOX4 and α-SMA, one of the major oxidative enzymes and pro-fibrotic molecules respectively. MnTE-2-PyP obstructs NF-κB activity by decreasing DNA binding of the p50-p50 homodimer in the irradiated hyperglycemic environment. MnTE-2-PyP increases NRF2 mediated cytoprotection by increasing NRF2 protein expression and DNA binding. Therefore, we are proposing that, MnTE-2-PyP protects fibroblasts from irradiation and hyperglycemia damage by enhancing the NRF2- mediated pathway in diabetic prostate cancer patients, undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Physics & Cancer Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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15
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Hiroki CH, Toller-Kawahisa JE, Fumagalli MJ, Colon DF, Figueiredo LTM, Fonseca BALD, Franca RFO, Cunha FQ. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Effectively Control Acute Chikungunya Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3108. [PMID: 32082301 PMCID: PMC7005923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arbovirus, in which its infection causes a febrile illness also commonly associated with severe joint pain and myalgia. Although the immune response to CHIKV has been studied, a better understanding of the virus-host interaction mechanisms may lead to more effective therapeutic interventions. In this context, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as a key mediator involved in the control of many pathogens, including several bacteria and viruses, but no reports of this important protective mechanism were documented during CHIKV infection. Here we demonstrate that the experimental infection of mouse-isolated neutrophils with CHIKV resulted in NETosis (NETs release) through a mechanism dependent on TLR7 activation and reactive oxygen species generation. In vitro, mouse-isolated neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate release NETs that once incubated with CHIKV, resulting in further virus capture and neutralization. In vivo, NETs inhibition by the treatment of the mice with DNase resulted in the enhanced susceptibility of IFNAR−/− mice to CHIKV experimental acute infection. Lastly, by accessing the levels of MPO-DNA complex on the acutely CHIKV-infected patients, we found a correlation between the levels of NETs and the viral load in the blood, suggesting that NETs are also released in natural human infection cases. Altogether our findings characterize NETosis as a contributing natural process to control CHIKV acute infection, presenting an antiviral effect that helps to control systemic virus levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Hiroki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Toller-Kawahisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcilio J Fumagalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - David F Colon
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz T M Figueiredo
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Bendito A L D Fonseca
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael F O Franca
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Institute Aggeu Magalhaes, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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16
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Liu C, Han X, Yu PJ, Chen LZ, Xue W, Liu XH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of myricetin-pentadienone hybrids as potential anti-inflammatory agents in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103597. [PMID: 32028063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Some important pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide are thought to play key roles in the destruction of cartilage and bone tissue in joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, a series of new myricetin-pentadienone hybrids were designed and synthesized. Majority of them effectively inhibited the expressions liposaccharide-induced secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and NO in RAW264.7. The most prominent compound 5o could significantly decrease production of above inflammatory factors with IC50 values of 5.22 µM, 8.22 µM and 9.31 µM, respectively. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that it could inhibit the expression of thioredoxin reductase, resulting in inhibiting of cell signaling pathway nuclear factor (N-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Significantly, compound 5o was found to effectively inhibit Freund's complete adjuvant induced rat adjuvant arthritis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Pei Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Liu Zeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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17
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Gimenez M, Veríssimo-Filho S, Wittig I, Schickling BM, Hahner F, Schürmann C, Netto LES, Rosa JC, Brandes RP, Sartoretto S, De Lucca Camargo L, Abdulkader F, Miller FJ, Lopes LR. Redox Activation of Nox1 (NADPH Oxidase 1) Involves an Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Between Protein Disulfide Isomerase and p47 phox in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:224-236. [PMID: 30580571 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- PDI (protein disulfide isomerase A1) was reported to support Nox1 (NADPH oxidase) activation mediated by growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which PDI activates Nox1 and the functional implications of PDI in Nox1 activation in vascular disease. Approach and Results- Using recombinant proteins, we identified a redox interaction between PDI and the cytosolic subunit p47phox in vitro. Mass spectrometry of crosslinked peptides confirmed redox-dependent disulfide bonds between cysteines of p47phox and PDI and an intramolecular bond between Cys 196 and 378 in p47phox. PDI catalytic Cys 400 and p47phox Cys 196 were essential for the activation of Nox1 by PDI in vascular smooth muscle cells. Transfection of PDI resulted in the rapid oxidation of a redox-sensitive protein linked to p47phox, whereas PDI mutant did not promote this effect. Mutation of p47phox Cys 196, or the redox active cysteines of PDI, prevented Nox1 complex assembly and vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Proximity ligation assay confirmed the interaction of PDI and p47phox in murine carotid arteries after wire injury. Moreover, in human atheroma plaques, a positive correlation between the expression of PDI and p47phox occurred only in PDI family members with the a' redox active site. Conclusions- PDI redox cysteines facilitate Nox1 complex assembly, thus identifying a new mechanism through which PDI regulates Nox activity in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gimenez
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Sidney Veríssimo-Filho
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics Core Unit (I.W.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brandon M Schickling
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Fabian Hahner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences (L.E.S.N.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (J.C.R.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Sartoretto
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Lívia De Lucca Camargo
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (F.A.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC (F.J.M.)
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Pereira C, Rodrigues IS, Pereira LMG, Lisboa J, Pinto RD, Araújo L, Oliveira P, Benz R, Dos Santos NMS, do Vale A. Role of AIP56 disulphide bond and its reduction by cytosolic redox systems for efficient intoxication. Cell Microbiol 2019; 22:e13109. [PMID: 31454143 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing protein of 56 kDa (AIP56) is a major virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, a gram-negative pathogen that infects warm water fish species worldwide and causes serious economic losses in aquacultures. AIP56 is a single-chain AB toxin composed by two domains connected by an unstructured linker peptide flanked by two cysteine residues that form a disulphide bond. The A domain comprises a zinc-metalloprotease moiety that cleaves the NF-kB p65, and the B domain is involved in binding and internalisation of the toxin into susceptible cells. Previous experiments suggested that disruption of AIP56 disulphide bond partially compromised toxicity, but conclusive evidences supporting the importance of that bond in intoxication were lacking. Here, we show that although the disulphide bond of AIP56 is dispensable for receptor recognition, endocytosis, and membrane interaction, it needs to be intact for efficient translocation of the toxin into the cytosol. We also show that the host cell thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin system is involved in AIP56 intoxication by reducing the disulphide bond of the toxin at the cytosol. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms operating during AIP56 intoxication and reveals common features shared with other AB toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassilda Pereira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês S Rodrigues
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana M G Pereira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Johnny Lisboa
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute D Pinto
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Araújo
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- EPIUnit, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roland Benz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nuno M S Dos Santos
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana do Vale
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Komegae EN, Fonseca MT, da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Turato WM, Filgueiras LR, Markus RP, Steiner AA. Site-Specific Reprogramming of Macrophage Responsiveness to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Obesity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 31316525 PMCID: PMC6611339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which obesity may alter immune responses to pathogens are poorly understood. The present study assessed whether the intrinsic responsiveness of resident macrophages to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is reprogrammed in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Macrophages from adipose tissue, lung alveoli, and the peritoneal cavity were extracted from obese rats on a HFD or from their lean counterparts, and subsequently studied in culture under identical conditions. CD45+/CD68+ cells (macrophages) were abundant in all cultures, and became the main producers of TNF-α upon LPS stimulation. But although all macrophage subpopulations responded to LPS with an M1-like profile of cytokine secretion, the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was the lowest in adipose tissue macrophages, the highest in alveolar macrophages, and intermediary in peritoneal macrophages. What is more, diet exerted qualitatively distinct effects on the cytokine responses to LPS, with obesity switching adipose tissue macrophages to a more pro-inflammatory program and peritoneal macrophages to a less pro-inflammatory program, while not affecting alveolar macrophages. Such reprogramming was not associated with changes in the inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β. The study further shows that the effects of diet on TNF-α/IL-10 ratios were linked to distinct patterns of NF-κB accumulation in the nucleus: while RelA was the NF-κB subunit most impacted by obesity in adipose tissue macrophages, cRel was the subunit affected in peritoneal macrophages. It is concluded that obesity causes dissimilar, site-specific changes in the responsiveness of resident macrophages to bacterial LPS. Such plasticity opens new avenues of investigation into the mechanisms linking obesity to pathogen-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evilin N Komegae
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique T Fonseca
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Walter M Turato
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano R Filgueiras
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina P Markus
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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21
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Wang Y, Tao J, Jiang M, Yao Y. Apocynin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in rats: Involvement of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:49-56. [PMID: 31078925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes complication. During diabetic retinopathy development, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway is up-regulated. Apocynin is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase blocker which can reduce the superoxide radicals. It is demonstrated that apocynin can inhibit TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rats. We aim to figure out whether apocynin treatment is benefit for the diabetic retinopathy in rat model. The diabetes in rats was induced by streptozotocin. The treatment of apocynin (16 mg/kg/day) or vehicle in diabetic rat model was maintained for 12 weeks. The expression levels of relative genes in this research were shown through Western blot and qRT-PCR. Morphology of the retinas was shown by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The treatment of apocynin ameliorated biochemical indexes in diabetic rats and rescued the morphology of the retinas. After a 12 weeks apocynin treatment, the cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory in retina was reduced in diabetic rats. TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activity in diabetic rat retina was inhibited by apocynin. Based on our study, the treatment of apocynin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in rats. The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition by apocynin is involved in this process. This result indicated a great therapeutic potential of apocynin in diabetic retinopathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minfeng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Bian M, Fan R, Zhao S, Liu W. Targeting the Thioredoxin System as a Strategy for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7309-7321. [PMID: 30963763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) participates in the regulation of redox reactions in organisms. It works mainly via its substrate molecule, thioredoxin, to maintain the redox balance and regulate signal transduction, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and other important physiological processes. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the overactivation of TrxR is related to the development of tumors. The exploration of TrxR-targeted antitumor drugs has attracted wide attention and is expected to provide new therapies for cancer treatment. In this perspective, we highlight the specific relationship between TrxR and apoptotic signaling pathways. The cytoplasm and mitochondria both contain TrxR, resulting in the activation of apoptosis. TrxR activity influences reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further regulates the inflammatory signaling pathway. In addition, we discuss representative TrxR inhibitors with anticancer activity and analyze the challenges in developing TrxR inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianli Bian
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Sai Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China.,Institute of New Medicine Research , Nanjing Hicin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Nanjing 210046 , P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
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23
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Silva RP, Carvalho LAC, Patricio ES, Bonifacio JPP, Chaves-Filho AB, Miyamoto S, Meotti FC. Identification of urate hydroperoxide in neutrophils: A novel pro-oxidant generated in inflammatory conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:177-186. [PMID: 30118829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism in humans and is considered to be quantitatively the main antioxidant in plasma. In vitro studies showed that the oxidation of uric acid by peroxidases, in presence of superoxide, generates urate free radical and urate hydroperoxide. Urate hydroperoxide is a strong oxidant and might be a relevant intermediate in inflammatory conditions. However, the identification of urate hydroperoxide in cells and biological samples has been a challenge due to its high reactivity. By using mass spectrometry, we undoubtedly demonstrated the formation of urate hydroperoxide and its corresponding alcohol, hydroxyisourate during the respiratory burst in peripheral blood neutrophils and in human leukemic cells differentiated in neutrophils (dHL-60). The respiratory burst was induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and greatly increased oxygen consumption and superoxide production. Both oxygen consumption and superoxide production were further augmented by incubation with uric acid. Conversely, uric acid significantly decreased the levels of HOCl, probably because of the competition with chloride by the catalysis of myeloperoxidase. In spite of the decrease in HOCl, the overall oxidative status, measured by GSH/GSSG ratio, was augmented in the presence of uric acid. In summary, the present results support the formation of urate hydroperoxide, a novel oxidant in neutrophils oxidative burst. Urate hydroperoxide is a strong oxidant and alters the redox balance toward a pro-oxidative environment. The production of urate hydroperoxide in inflammatory conditions could explain, at least in part, the harmful effect associated to uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railmara P Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa A C Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliziane S Patricio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P P Bonifacio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Emmerson A, Trevelin SC, Mongue-Din H, Becker PD, Ortiz C, Smyth LA, Peng Q, Elgueta R, Sawyer G, Ivetic A, Lechler RI, Lombardi G, Shah AM. Nox2 in regulatory T cells promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular remodeling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3088-3101. [PMID: 29688896 PMCID: PMC6025997 DOI: 10.1172/jci97490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The superoxide-generating enzyme Nox2 contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling triggered by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Multiple Nox2-expressing cells are implicated in angiotensin II-induced (Ang II-induced) pathophysiology, but the importance of Nox2 in leukocyte subsets is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of Nox2 in T cells, particularly Tregs. Mice globally deficient in Nox2 displayed increased numbers of Tregs in the heart at baseline, whereas Ang II-induced effector T cell (Teff) infiltration was inhibited. To investigate the role of Treg Nox2, we generated a mouse line with CD4-targeted Nox2 deficiency (Nox2fl/flCD4Cre+). These animals showed inhibition of Ang II-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling related to increased tissue-resident Tregs and reduction in infiltrating Teffs, including Th17 cells. The protection in Nox2fl/flCD4Cre+ mice was reversed by anti-CD25 antibody depletion of Tregs. Mechanistically, Nox2-/y Tregs showed higher in vitro suppression of Teff proliferation than WT Tregs, increased nuclear levels of FoxP3 and NF-κB, and enhanced transcription of CD25, CD39, and CD73. Adoptive transfer of Tregs confirmed that Nox2-deficient cells had greater inhibitory effects on Ang II-induced heart remodeling than WT cells. These results identify a previously unrecognized role of Nox2 in modulating suppression of Tregs, which acts to enhance hypertension and cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Emmerson
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heloise Mongue-Din
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo D. Becker
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Ortiz
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley A. Smyth
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Peng
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raul Elgueta
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- King’s College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Petersen DR, Orlicky DJ, Roede JR, Shearn CT. Aberrant expression of redox regulatory proteins in patients with concomitant primary Sclerosing cholangitis/inflammatory bowel disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:32-36. [PMID: 29852184 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a severe cholestatic liver disease characterized by progressive peri-biliary tract inflammation, elevated oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury. A hallmark of PSC patients is the concurrent diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease occurring in approximately 70%-80% of PSC patients (PSC/IBD). We previously reported dysregulation of key anti-oxidant pathways in PSC/IBD. The objective of this study was to expand previous data by examining the abundance of thioredoxins (Trx) in PSC/IBD. METHODS Using hepatic tissue and whole cell extracts isolated from age-matched healthy humans and patients diagnosed with end stage PSC/IBD, the protein abundance of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1), and their downstream substrates peroxiredoxins was assessed. RESULTS Western blot analyses of thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin abundance revealed significant increases in abundance of Trx1 and TrxR1 whereas expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein was significantly decreased in PSC/IBD. Concurrently, abundance of cytosolic peroxiredoxins was not significantly impacted. The abundance of mitochondrial Trx2, along with peroxiredoxins 3, 5 and 6 were significantly decreased by concurrent PSC/IBD. Histological staining of Trx1/TrxR1 revealed elevated nuclear Trx1 and TrxR1 staining within cholangiocytes as well as an overall periportal increase in expression in PSC/IBD. An examination of additional anti-oxidant responses reveal suppression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and heme oxygenase (HO-1) whereas expression of the protein chaperone glucose regulated protein 78 increased suggesting elevated cellular stress in PSC/IBD. CONCLUSIONS Results herein suggest that in addition to severe dysregulation of anti-oxidant responses, cholestasis impacts both cytosolic/nuclear (Trx1) as well as mitochondrial (Trx2) redox signaling and control pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Petersen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, United States
| | - David J Orlicky
- Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, United States
| | - Colin T Shearn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, United States.
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26
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Carvalho LAC, Lopes JPPB, Kaihami GH, Silva RP, Bruni-Cardoso A, Baldini RL, Meotti FC. Uric acid disrupts hypochlorous acid production and the bactericidal activity of HL-60 cells. Redox Biol 2018; 16:179-188. [PMID: 29510342 PMCID: PMC5952876 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and is an alternative physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase. Oxidation of uric acid by this enzyme generates uric acid free radical and urate hydroperoxide, a strong oxidant and potentially bactericide agent. In this study, we investigated whether the oxidation of uric acid and production of urate hydroperoxide would affect the killing activity of HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60) against a highly virulent strain (PA14) of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While bacterial cell counts decrease due to dHL-60 killing, incubation with uric acid inhibits this activity, also decreasing the release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). In a myeloperoxidase/Cl-/H2O2 cell-free system, uric acid inhibited the production of HOCl and bacterial killing. Fluorescence microscopy showed that uric acid also decreased the levels of HOCl produced by dHL-60 cells, while significantly increased superoxide production. Uric acid did not alter the overall oxidative status of dHL-60 cells as measured by the ratio of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Our data show that uric acid impairs the killing activity of dHL-60 cells likely by competing with chloride by myeloperoxidase catalysis, decreasing HOCl production. Despite diminishing HOCl, uric acid probably stimulates the formation of other oxidants, maintaining the overall oxidative status of the cells. Altogether, our results demonstrated that HOCl is, indeed, the main relevant oxidant against bacteria and deviation of myeloperoxidase activity to produce other oxidants hampers dHL-60 killing activity. Uric acid decreased microbicide activity and release of cytokines by dHL-60 cells. Uric acid decreased HOCl in cells and in the myeloperoxidase/Cl-/H2O2 system. Uric acid induces a pro-oxidant redox imbalance. HOCl is crucial for Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing by dHL-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A C Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P P B Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto H Kaihami
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Railmara P Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina L Baldini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Gimenes R, Gimenes C, Rosa CM, Xavier NP, Campos DHS, Fernandes AAH, Cezar MDM, Guirado GN, Pagan LU, Chaer ID, Fernandes DC, Laurindo FR, Cicogna AC, Okoshi MP, Okoshi K. Influence of apocynin on cardiac remodeling in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:15. [PMID: 29343259 PMCID: PMC5771187 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important mechanism leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Apocynin, a drug isolated from the herb Picrorhiza kurroa, is considered an antioxidant agent by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity and improving ROS scavenging. This study analyzed the influence of apocynin on cardiac remodeling in diabetic rats. Methods Six-month-old male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: control (CTL, n = 15), control + apocynin (CTL + APO, n = 20), diabetes (DM, n = 20), and diabetes + apocynin (DM + APO, n = 20). DM was induced by streptozotocin. Seven days later, apocynin (16 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was initiated and maintained for 8 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) histological sections were used to analyze interstitial collagen fraction. NADPH oxidase activity was evaluated in LV samples. Comparisons between groups were performed by ANOVA for a 2 × 2 factorial design followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. Results Body weight (BW) was lower and glycemia higher in diabetic animals. Echocardiogram showed increased left atrial diameter, LV diastolic diameter, and LV mass indexed by BW in both diabetic groups; apocynin did not affect these indices. LV systolic function was impaired in DM groups and unchanged by apocynin. Isovolumic relaxation time was increased in DM groups; transmitral E/A ratio was higher in DM + APO compared to DM. Myocardial functional evaluation through papillary muscle preparations showed impaired contractile and relaxation function in both DM groups at baseline conditions. After positive inotropic stimulation, developed tension (DT) was lower in DM than CTL. In DM + APO, DT had values between those in DM and CTL + APO and did not significantly differ from either group. Myocardial interstitial collagen fraction was higher in DM than CTL and did not differ between DM + APO and CTL + APO. Serum activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase was lower in DM than CTL; apocynin restored catalase and SOD levels in DM + APO. Myocardial NADPH oxidase activity did not differ between groups. Conclusion Apocynin restores serum antioxidant enzyme activity despite unchanged myocardial NADPH oxidase activity in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gimenes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - C Gimenes
- Sagrado Coração University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - N P Xavier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - D H S Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A A H Fernandes
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M D M Cezar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - G N Guirado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L U Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - I D Chaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Fernandes
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Medical School, Sao Paulo University, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F R Laurindo
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Medical School, Sao Paulo University, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M P Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - K Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. .,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-687, Brazil.
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28
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Weigert A, von Knethen A, Fuhrmann D, Dehne N, Brüne B. Redox-signals and macrophage biology. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:70-87. [PMID: 29329794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are known for their versatile role in biology. They sense and clear structures that contain exogenous or endogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This process is tightly linked to the production of a mixture of potentially harmful oxidants and cytokines. Their inherent destructive behavior is directed against foreign material or structures of 'altered self', which explains the role of macrophages during innate immune reactions and inflammation. However, there is also another side of macrophages when they turn into a tissue regenerative, pro-resolving, and healing phenotype. Phenotype changes of macrophages are termed macrophage polarization, representing a continuum between classical and alternative activation. Macrophages as the dominating producers of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide are not only prone to oxidative modifications but also to more subtle signaling properties of redox-active molecules conveying redox regulation. We review basic concepts of the enzymatic nitric oxide and superoxide production within macrophages, refer to their unique chemical reactions and outline biological consequences not only for macrophage biology but also for their communication with cells in the microenvironment. These considerations link hypoxia to the NO system, addressing feedforward as well as feedback circuits. Moreover, we summarize the role of redox-signaling affecting epigenetics and reflect the central role of mitochondrial-derived oxygen species in inflammation. To better understand the diverse functions of macrophages during initiation as well as resolution of inflammation and to decode their versatile roles during innate and adaptive immunity with the entire spectrum of cell protective towards cell destructive activities we need to appreciate the signaling properties of redox-active species. Herein we discuss macrophage responses in terms of nitric oxide and superoxide formation with the modulating impact of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, IME, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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29
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Nagarajan N, Oka S, Sadoshima J. Modulation of signaling mechanisms in the heart by thioredoxin 1. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:125-131. [PMID: 27993729 PMCID: PMC5462876 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and heart failure are the major cardiac conditions in which an imbalance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidant mechanisms is observed. The myocardium has endogenous reducing mechanisms, including the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione systems, that act to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce oxidized proteins. The Trx system consists of Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and an electron donor, NADPH, where Trx is maintained in a reduced state in the presence of TrxR and NADPH. Trx1, a major isoform of Trx, is abundantly expressed in the heart and exerts its oxidoreductase activity through conserved Cys32 and Cys35, reducing oxidized proteins through thiol disulfide exchange reactions. In this review, we will focus on molecular targets of Trx1 in the heart, including transcription factors, microRNAs, histone deactylases, and protein kinases. We will then discuss how Trx1 regulates the functions of its targets, thereby affecting the extent of myocardial injury caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayani Nagarajan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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30
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Marín M, Gimeno C, Giner RM, Ríos JL, Máñez S, Recio MAC. Influence of Dimerization of Apocynin on Its Effects in Experimental Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4083-4091. [PMID: 28485605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Apocynin has been widely used as an inhibitor of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH-oxidase) system and shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug. Diapocynin, the dimeric product generated by the oxidation of apocynin in the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO), is supposed to be its active form. In this study, diapocynin has been chemically synthesized and its activity on several inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and its anti-inflammatory effect on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice analyzed. We found that diapocynin showed higher inhibitory activity than apocynin. The dimer reduced ROS production, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels and inhibited iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as decreased NO and PGE2 production induced in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of diapocynin was associated with the suppression of NF-κB activation. However, these results were not paralleled by in vivo studies. Oral administration of apocynin and diapocynin (100 mg/kg) three times a week exhibited similar protections against experimental inflammatory bowel disease induced by DSS; therefore, apocynin should not be considered a prodrug. However, it should be taken into account that the dimer is more potent because its dose (0.3 mmol/kg) is half that of apocynin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Clotilde Gimeno
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Giner
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Máñez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Marı A C Recio
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
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