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Ponce TP, Bugança MDS, da Silva VS, de Souza RF, Moda-Cirino V, Tomaz JP. Differential Gene Expression in Contrasting Common Bean Cultivars for Drought Tolerance during an Extended Dry Period. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:935. [PMID: 39062714 PMCID: PMC11276061 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), besides being an important source of nutrients such as iron, magnesium, and protein, are crucial for food security, especially in developing countries. Common bean cultivation areas commonly face production challenges due to drought occurrences, mainly during the reproductive period. Dry spells last approximately 20 days, enough time to compromise production. Hence, it is crucial to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms that confer drought tolerance to improve common bean cultivars' adaptation to drought. Sixty six RNASeq libraries, generated from tolerant and sensitive cultivars in drought time sourced from the R5 phenological stage at 0 to 20 days of water deficit were sequenced, generated over 1.5 billion reads, that aligned to 62,524 transcripts originating from a reference transcriptome, as well as 6673 transcripts obtained via de novo assembly. Differentially expressed transcripts were functionally annotated, revealing a variety of genes associated with molecular functions such as oxidoreductase and transferase activity, as well as biological processes related to stress response and signaling. The presence of regulatory genes involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control was also highlighted, for example, LEA proteins and dehydrins associated with dehydration protection, and transcription factors such as WRKY, MYB, and NAC, which modulate plant response to water deficit. Additionally, genes related to membrane and protein protection, as well as water and ion uptake and transport, were identified, including aquaporins, RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferases, antioxidant enzymes such as GSTs and CYPs, and thioredoxins. This study highlights the complexity of plant response to water scarcity, focusing on the functional diversity of the genes involved and their participation in the biological processes essential for plant adaptation to water stress. The identification of regulatory and cell protection genes offers promising prospects for genetic improvement aiming at the production of common bean varieties more resistant to drought. These findings have the potential to drive sustainable agriculture, providing valuable insights to ensure food security in a context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Pijus Ponce
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Conservacionista, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Michely da Silva Bugança
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Victória Stern da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Rogério Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Vânia Moda-Cirino
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Conservacionista, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Juarez Pires Tomaz
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Conservacionista, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR-Emater, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil
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Li G, Xie J, Zhang W, Meng F, Yang M, Fan X, Sun X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Wang M, Chen Q, Wang S, Jiang H. Integrated examination of the transcriptome and metabolome of the gene expression response and metabolite accumulation in soybean seeds for seed storability under aging stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1437107. [PMID: 39040511 PMCID: PMC11261460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1437107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Soybean quality and production are determined by seed viability. A seed's capacity to sustain germination via dry storage is known as its seed life. Thus, one of the main objectives for breeders is to preserve genetic variety and gather germplasm resources. However, seed quality and germplasm preservation have become significant obstacles. In this study, four artificially simulated aging treatment groups were set for 0, 24, 72, and 120 hours. Following an aging stress treatment, the transcriptome and metabolome data were compared in two soybean lines with notable differences in seed vigor-R31 (aging sensitive) and R80 (aging tolerant). The results showed that 83 (38 upregulated and 45 downregulated), 30 (19 upregulated and 11 downregulated), 90 (52 upregulated and 38 downregulated), and 54 (25 upregulated and 29 downregulated) DEGs were differentially expressed, respectively. A total of 62 (29 upregulated and 33 downregulated), 94 (49 upregulated and 45 downregulated), 91 (53 upregulated and 38 downregulated), and 135 (111 upregulated and 24 downregulated) differential metabolites accumulated. Combining the results of transcriptome and metabolome investigations demonstrated that the difference between R31 and R80 responses to aging stress was caused by genes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, which is linked to the seed metabolite caffeic acid. According to this study's preliminary findings, the aging-resistant line accumulated more caffeic acid than the aging-sensitive line, which improved its capacity to block lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. An enzyme activity inhibition test was used to demonstrate the effect of caffeic acid. After soaking seeds in 1 mM caffeic acid (a LOX inhibitor) for 6 hours and artificially aging them for 24 hours, the germination rates of the R31 and R80 seeds were enhanced. In conclusion, caffeic acid has been shown to partially mitigate the negative effects of soybean seed aging stress and to improve seed vitality. This finding should serve as a theoretical foundation for future research on the aging mechanism of soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Jianguo Xie
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Fanfan Meng
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Xingmiao Sun
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science and Technology Northeast Innovation Center), Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
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Kamble NU, Ghosh S, Petla BP, Achary RK, Gautam S, Rao V, Salvi P, Hazra A, Varshney V, Majee M. PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE protects enolase dysfunction by repairing isoaspartyl-induced damage and is positively implicated in agronomically important seed traits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:413-431. [PMID: 38625788 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The protein-repairing enzyme (PRE) PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT) influences seed vigor by repairing isoaspartyl-mediated protein damage in seeds. However, PIMTs function in other seed traits, and the mechanisms by which PIMT affects such seed traits are still poorly understood. Herein, through molecular, biochemical, and genetic studies using overexpression and RNAi lines in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate that PIMT not only affects seed vigor but also affects seed size and weight by modulating enolase (ENO) activity. We have identified ENO2, a glycolytic enzyme, as a PIMT interacting protein through Y2H cDNA library screening, and this interaction was further validated by BiFC and co-immunoprecipitation assay. We show that mutation or suppression of ENO2 expression results in reduced seed vigor, seed size, and weight. We also proved that ENO2 undergoes isoAsp modification that affects its activity in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Further, using MS/MS analyses, amino acid residues that undergo isoAsp modification in ENO2 were identified. We also demonstrate that PIMT repairs such isoAsp modification in ENO2 protein, protecting its vital cellular functions during seed maturation and storage, and plays a vital role in regulating seed size, weight, and seed vigor. Taken together, our study identified ENO2 as a novel substrate of PIMT, and both ENO2 and PIMT in turn implicate in agronomically important seed traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shraboni Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Achary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Gautam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
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Dong D, Qi C, Zhang J, Deng Q, Xia P, Li P, Jia C, Zhao B, Zhang N, Guo YD. CsHSFA1d Promotes Drought Stress Tolerance by Increasing the Content of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides and Scavenging Accumulated Reactive Oxygen Species in Cucumber. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:809-822. [PMID: 38564325 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Drought is the most severe form of stress experienced by plants worldwide. Cucumber is a vegetable crop that requires a large amount of water throughout the growth period. In our previous study, we identified that overexpression of CsHSFA1d could improve cold tolerance and the content of endogenous jasmonic acid in cucumber seedlings. To explore the functional diversities of CsHSFA1d, we treat the transgenic plants under drought conditions. In this study, we found that the heat shock transcription factor HSFA1d (CsHSFA1d) could improve drought stress tolerance in cucumber. CsHSFA1d overexpression increased the expression levels of galactinol synthase (CsGolS3) and raffinose synthase (CsRS) genes, encoding the key enzymes for raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis. Furthermore, the lines overexpressing CsHSFA1d showed higher enzymatic activity of GolS and raffinose synthase to increase the content of RFO. Moreover, the CsHSFA1d-overexpression lines showed lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and higher ROS-scavenging enzyme activity after drought treatment. The expressions of antioxidant genes CsPOD2, CsAPX1 and CsSOD1 were also upregulated in CsHSFA1d-overexpression lines. The expression levels of stress-responsive genes such as CsRD29A, CsLEA3 and CsP5CS1 were increased in CsHSFA1d-overexpression lines after drought treatment. We conclude that CsHSFA1d directly targets and regulates the expression of CsGolS3 and CsRS to promote the enzymatic activity and accumulation of RFO to increase the tolerance to drought stress. CsHSFA1d also improves ROS-scavenging enzyme activity and gene expression indirectly to reduce drought-induced ROS overaccumulation. This study therefore offers a new gene target to improve drought stress tolerance in cucumber and revealed the underlying mechanism by which CsHSFA1d functions in the drought stress by increasing the content of RFOs and scavenging the excessive accumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Dong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuandong Qi
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Hongshan District, Nanhudadao No. 43, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430064, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qilin Deng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pingxin Xia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Congyang Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing HaiDian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
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Tang G, Xu P, Jiang C, Li G, Shan L, Wan S. Peanut LEAFY COTYLEDON1-type genes participate in regulating the embryo development and the accumulation of storage lipids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:124. [PMID: 38643320 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two peanut LEC1-type genes exhibit partial functional redundancy. AhNFYB10 could complement almost all the defective phenotypes of lec1-2 in terms of embryonic morphology, while AhNF-YB1 could partially affect these phenotypes. LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) is a member of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) family of transcription factors and has been identified as a key regulator of embryonic development. In the present study, two LEC1-type genes from Arachis hypogeae were identified and designated as AhNF-YB1 and AhNF-YB10; these genes belong to subgenome A and subgenome B, respectively. The functions of AhNF-YB1 and AhNF-YB10 were investigated by complementation analysis of their defective phenotypes of the Arabidopsis lec1-2 mutant and by ectopic expression in wild-type Arabidopsis. The results indicated that both AhNF-YB1 and AhNF-YB10 participate in regulating embryogenesis, embryo development, and reserve deposition in cotyledons and that they have partial functional redundancy. In contrast, AhNF-YB10 complemented almost all the defective phenotypes of lec1-2 in terms of embryonic morphology and hypocotyl length, while AhNF-YB1 had only a partial effect. In addition, 30-40% of the seeds of the AhNF-YB1 transformants exhibited a decreasing germination ratio and longevity. Therefore, appropriate spatiotemporal expression of these genes is necessary for embryo morphogenesis at the early development stage and is responsible for seed maturation at the mid-late development stage. On the other hand, overexpression of AhNF-YB1 or AhNF-YB10 at the middle to late stages of Arabidopsis seed development improved the weight, oil content, and fatty acid composition of the transgenic seeds. Moreover, the expression levels of several genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and embryogenesis were significantly greater in developing AhNF-YB10-overexpressing seeds than in control seeds. This study provides a theoretical basis for breeding oilseed crops with high yields and high oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shubo Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
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Wang D, Liu Z, Qin Y, Zhang S, Yang L, Shang Q, Ji X, Xin Y, Li X. Mulberry MnGolS2 Mediates Resistance to Botrytis cinerea on Transgenic Plants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1912. [PMID: 37895261 PMCID: PMC10606925 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactitol synthetase (GolS) as a key enzyme in the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) biosynthesis pathway, which is closely related to stress. At present, there are few studies on GolS in biological stress. The expression of MnGolS2 gene in mulberry was increased under Botrytis cinerea infection. The MnGolS2 gene was cloned and ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis. The content of MDA in leaves of transgenic plants was decreased and the content of CAT was increased after inoculation with B. cinerea. In this study, the role of MnGolS2 in biotic stress was demonstrated for the first time. In addition, it was found that MnGolS2 may increase the resistance of B. cinerea by interacting with other resistance genes. This study offers a crucial foundation for further research into the role of the GolS2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.Q.); (S.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (D.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (D.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Yue Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.Q.); (S.Z.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture Silk, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.Q.); (S.Z.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture Silk, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (D.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Qiqi Shang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (D.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Xianling Ji
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (D.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Youchao Xin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.Q.); (S.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (D.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.); (Q.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.Q.); (S.Z.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture Silk, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China
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Rao PJM, Pallavi M, Bharathi Y, Priya PB, Sujatha P, Prabhavathi K. Insights into mechanisms of seed longevity in soybean: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206318. [PMID: 37546268 PMCID: PMC10400919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Soybean, a crop of international importance, is challenged with the problem of seed longevity mainly due to its genetic composition and associated environmental cues. Soybean's fragile seed coat coupled with poor DNA integrity, ribosomal dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and poor antioxidant system constitute the rationale for fast deterioration. Variability among the genotypes for sensitivity to field weathering contributed to their differential seed longevity. Proportion and density of seed coat, glassy state of cells, calcium and lignin content, pore number, space between seed coat and cotyledon are some seed related traits that are strongly correlated to longevity. Further, efficient antioxidant system, surplus protective proteins, effective nucleotide and protein repair systems and free radical scavenging mechanisms also contributed to the storage potential of soybean seeds. Identification of molecular markers and QTLs associated with these mechanisms will pave way for enhanced selection efficiency for seed longevity in soybean breeding programs. This review reflects on the morphological, biochemical and molecular bases of seed longevity along with pointers on harvest, processing and storage strategies for extending vigour and viability in soybean.
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Malviya R, Dey S, Pandey A, Gayen D. Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of lipoxygenase genes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in response to accelerated aging. Gene 2023; 874:147482. [PMID: 37187244 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed aging is a major problem which is caused by various factors such as unfavorable physiological, biochemical, and metabolic alterations in seed cells. Lipoxygenase (LOXs), an oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, acts as a negative regulator in seed viability and vigour during storage. In this study, we identified ten putative LOX gene family members in the chickpea genome, designated as "CaLOX" which are mainly located in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. These genes share different physiochemical properties and similarities in their gene structures and conserved functional regions. The promoter region contained the cis-regulatory elements and transcription binding factors, which were mainly linked to biotic and abiotic stress, hormones, and light responsiveness. In this study, chickpea seeds were treated with accelerated aging treatment for 0, 2, and 4 days at 45°C and 85 % relative humidity. Increased level of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, proline, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and decreased catalase activity indicates cellular dysfunction and demonstrated seed deterioration. Quantitative real-time analysis reveals that 6 CaLOX genes were upregulated, and 4 CaLOX genes were downregulated during the seed aging process in chickpea. This comprehensive study will reveal the role of the CaLOX gene in response to aging treatment. The identified gene may be used to develop better-quality seeds in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305817
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305817
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305817
| | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305817.
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Pagano A, Macovei A, Balestrazzi A. Molecular dynamics of seed priming at the crossroads between basic and applied research. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:657-688. [PMID: 36780009 PMCID: PMC9924218 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential of seed priming is still not fully exploited. Our limited knowledge of the molecular dynamics of seed pre-germinative metabolism is the main hindrance to more effective new-generation techniques. Climate change and other recent global crises are disrupting food security. To cope with the current demand for increased food, feed, and biofuel production, while preserving sustainability, continuous technological innovation should be provided to the agri-food sector. Seed priming, a pre-sowing technique used to increase seed vigor, has become a valuable tool due to its potential to enhance germination and stress resilience under changing environments. Successful priming protocols result from the ability to properly act on the seed pre-germinative metabolism and stimulate events that are crucial for seed quality. However, the technique still requires constant optimization, and researchers are committed to addressing some key open questions to overcome such drawbacks. In this review, an update of the current scientific and technical knowledge related to seed priming is provided. The rehydration-dehydration cycle associated with priming treatments can be described in terms of metabolic pathways that are triggered, modulated, or turned off, depending on the seed physiological stage. Understanding the ways seed priming affects, either positively or negatively, such metabolic pathways and impacts gene expression and protein/metabolite accumulation/depletion represents an essential step toward the identification of novel seed quality hallmarks. The need to expand the basic knowledge on the molecular mechanisms ruling the seed response to priming is underlined along with the strong potential of applied research on primed seeds as a source of seed quality hallmarks. This route will hasten the implementation of seed priming techniques needed to support sustainable agriculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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10
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Sanyal R, Kumar S, Pattanayak A, Kar A, Bishi SK. Optimizing raffinose family oligosaccharides content in plants: A tightrope walk. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134754. [PMID: 37056499 PMCID: PMC10088399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize various compounds for their growth, metabolism, and stress mitigation, and one such group of compounds is the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). RFOs are non-reducing oligosaccharides having galactose residues attached to a sucrose moiety. They act as carbohydrate reserves in plants, assisting in seed germination, desiccation tolerance, and biotic/abiotic stress tolerance. Although legumes are among the richest sources of dietary proteins, the direct consumption of legumes is hindered by an excess of RFOs in the edible parts of the plant, which causes flatulence in humans and monogastric animals. These opposing characteristics make RFOs manipulation a complicated tradeoff. An in-depth knowledge of the chemical composition, distribution pattern, tissue mobilization, and metabolism is required to optimize the levels of RFOs. The most recent developments in our understanding of RFOs distribution, physiological function, genetic regulation of their biosynthesis, transport, and degradation in food crops have been covered in this review. Additionally, we have suggested a few strategies that can sustainably reduce RFOs in order to solve the flatulence issue in animals. The comprehensive information in this review can be a tool for researchers to precisely control the level of RFOs in crops and create low antinutrient, nutritious food with wider consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Sanyal
- School of Genomics and Molecular Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Automation & Plant Engineering Division, ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arunava Pattanayak
- School of Genomics and Molecular Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhijit Kar
- Automation & Plant Engineering Division, ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sujit K. Bishi
- School of Genomics and Molecular Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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11
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Hussain MA, Luo D, Zeng L, Ding X, Cheng Y, Zou X, Lv Y, Lu G. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling revealed biological macromolecules respond to low temperature stress in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1050995. [PMID: 36452101 PMCID: PMC9702069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus L. (B. napus) is a vital oilseed crop cultivated worldwide; low temperature (LT) is one of the major stress factors that limit its growth, development, distribution, and production. Even though processes have been developed to characterize LT-responsive genes, only limited studies have exploited the molecular response mechanisms in B. napus. Here the transcriptome data of an elite B. napus variety with LT adaptability was acquired and applied to investigate the gene expression profiles of B. napus in response to LT stress. The bioinformatics study revealed a total of 79,061 unigenes, of which 3,703 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 2,129 upregulated and 1,574 downregulated. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis pinpointed that the DEGs were enriched in LT-stress-responsive biological functions and metabolic pathways, which included sugar metabolism, antioxidant defense system, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis. Moreover, a group of LT-stress-responsive transcription factors with divergent expression patterns under LT was summarized. A combined protein interaction suggested that a complex interconnected regulatory network existed in all detected pathways. RNA-seq data was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Based on these findings, we presented a hypothesis model illustrating valuable information for understanding the LT response mechanisms in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Research Institute, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Research Institute, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Research Institute, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Research Institute, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Research Institute, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Research Institute, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Research Institute, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
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12
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Hazra A, Varshney V, Verma P, Kamble NU, Ghosh S, Achary RK, Gautam S, Majee M. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B5 plays a key role in preserving seed vigor and longevity in rice (Oryza sativa). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1042-1060. [PMID: 35909309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of methionine leads to the formation of methionine S-sulfoxide and methionine R-sulfoxide, which can be reverted by two types of methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR): MSRA and MSRB. Though the role of MSR enzymes has been elucidated in various physiological processes, the regulation and role of MSR in seeds remains poorly understood. In this study, through molecular, biochemical, and genetic studies using seed-specific overexpression and RNAi lines of OsMSRB5 in Oryza sativa, we demonstrate the role of OsMSRB5 in maintaining seed vigor and longevity. We show that an age-induced reduction in the vigor and viability of seeds is correlated with reduced MSR activity and increased methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) formation. OsMSRB5 expression increases during seed maturation and is predominantly localized to the embryo. Further analyses on transgenic lines reveal the role of OsMSRB5 in modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis to preserve seed vigor and longevity. We show that ascorbate peroxidase and PROTEIN l-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE undergo MetSO modification in seeds that affects their functional competence. OsMSRB5 physically interacts with these proteins and reverts this modification to facilitate their functions and preserve seed vigor and longevity. Our results thus illustrate the role of OsMSRB5 in preserving seed vigor and longevity by modulating ROS homeostasis in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Hazra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pooja Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shraboni Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Achary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shikha Gautam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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13
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Salvi P, Varshney V, Majee M. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20220198. [PMID: 36149314 PMCID: PMC9547172 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasized and analyzed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- Govt. Shaheed Gend Singh College, Charama, Chhattisgarh 494337, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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14
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Experimental Evidence for Seed Metabolic Allometry in Barrel Medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158484. [PMID: 35955618 PMCID: PMC9369157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed size is often considered to be an important trait for seed quality, i.e., vigour and germination performance. It is believed that seed size reflects the quantity of reserve material and thus the C and N sources available for post-germinative processes. However, mechanisms linking seed size and quality are poorly documented. In particular, specific metabolic changes when seed size varies are not well-known. To gain insight into this aspect, we examined seed size and composition across different accessions of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.) from the genetic core collection. We conducted multi-elemental analyses and isotope measurements, as well as exact mass GC–MS metabolomics. There was a systematic increase in N content (+0.17% N mg−1) and a decrease in H content (–0.14% H mg−1) with seed size, reflecting lower lipid and higher S-poor protein quantity. There was also a decrease in 2H natural abundance (δ2H), due to the lower prevalence of 2H-enriched lipid hydrogen atoms that underwent isotopic exchange with water during seed development. Metabolomics showed that seed size correlates with free amino acid and hexoses content, and anticorrelates with amino acid degradation products, disaccharides, malic acid and free fatty acids. All accessions followed the same trend, with insignificant differences in metabolic properties between them. Our results show that there is no general, proportional increase in metabolite pools with seed size. Seed size appears to be determined by metabolic balance (between sugar and amino acid degradation vs. utilisation for storage), which is in turn likely determined by phloem source metabolite delivery during seed development.
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15
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Ramtekey V, Cherukuri S, Kumar S, V. SK, Sheoran S, K. UB, K. BN, Kumar S, Singh AN, Singh HV. Seed Longevity in Legumes: Deeper Insights Into Mechanisms and Molecular Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918206. [PMID: 35968115 PMCID: PMC9364935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production largely depends upon the viability and longevity of high-quality seeds during storage. Legumes are considered as rich source of dietary protein that helps to ensure nutritional security, but associated with poor seed longevity that hinders their performance and productivity in farmer's fields. Seed longevity is the key determinant to assure proper seed plant value and crop yield. Thus, maintenance of seed longevity during storage is of prime concern and a pre-requisite for enhancing crop productivity of legumes. Seed longevity is significantly correlated with other seed quality parameters such as germination, vigor, viability and seed coat permeability that affect crop growth and development, consequently distressing crop yield. Therefore, information on genetic basis and regulatory networks associated with seed longevity, as well as molecular dissection of traits linked to longevity could help in developing crop varieties with good storability. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses towards highlighting the molecular basis of seed longevity, with special emphasis on candidate genes and proteins associated with seed longevity and their interplay with other quality parameters. Further, an attempt was made to provide information on 3D structures of various genetic loci (genes/proteins) associated to seed longevity that could facilitate in understanding the interactions taking place within the seed at molecular level. This review compiles and provides information on genetic and genomic approaches for the identification of molecular pathways and key players involved in the maintenance of seed longevity in legumes, in a holistic manner. Finally, a hypothetical fast-forward breeding pipeline has been provided, that could assist the breeders to successfully develop varieties with improved seed longevity in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute-IASRI, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Udaya Bhaskar K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhojaraja Naik K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, India
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16
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Singh L, Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Dhaliwal SK, Kaur A, Malik P, Kumar A, Gill RK, Kaur S. Genome-wide Association Study for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Diverse Blackgram Panel (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Reveals Novel Putative Alleles for Future Breeding Programs. Front Genet 2022; 13:849016. [PMID: 35899191 PMCID: PMC9310006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.849016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is an important tropical and sub-tropical short-duration legume that is rich in dietary protein and micronutrients. Producing high-yielding blackgram varieties is hampered by insufficient genetic variability, absence of suitable ideotypes, low harvest index and susceptibility to biotic-abiotic stresses. Seed yield, a complex trait resulting from the expression and interaction of multiple genes, necessitates the evaluation of diverse germplasm for the identification of novel yield contributing traits. Henceforth, a panel of 100 blackgram genotypes was evaluated at two locations (Ludhiana and Gurdaspur) across two seasons (Spring 2019 and Spring 2020) for 14 different yield related traits. A wide range of variability, high broad-sense heritability and a high correlation of grain yield were observed for 12 out of 14 traits studied among all environments. Investigation of population structure in the panel using a set of 4,623 filtered SNPs led to identification of four sub-populations based on ad-hoc delta K and Cross entropy value. Using Farm CPU model and Mixed Linear Model algorithms, a total of 49 significant SNP associations representing 42 QTLs were identified. Allelic effects were found to be statistically significant at 37 out of 42 QTLs and 50 known candidate genes were identified in 24 of QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovejit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Sarabjit Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Palvi Malik
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Gurdaspur, India
| | - Ranjit Kaur Gill
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- *Correspondence: Satinder Kaur,
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17
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Kamble NU, Majee M. ABI transcription factors and PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE module mediate seed desiccation tolerance and longevity in Oryza sativa. Development 2022; 149:275672. [PMID: 35686643 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to desiccation-tolerant orthodox seeds, recalcitrant seeds are desiccation sensitive and are unable to survive for a prolonged time. Here, our analyses of Oryza species with contrasting seed desiccation tolerance reveals that PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT), an enzyme that repairs abnormal isoaspartyl (isoAsp) residues in proteins, acts as a key player that governs seed desiccation tolerance to orthodox seeds but is ineffective in recalcitrant seeds. We observe that, unlike the orthodox seed of Oryza sativa, desiccation intolerance of the recalcitrant seeds of Oryza coarctata are linked to reduced PIMT activity and increased isoAsp accumulation due to the lack of coordinated action of ABA and ABI transcription factors to upregulate PIMT during maturation. We show that suppression of PIMT reduces, and its overexpression increases, seed desiccation tolerance and seed longevity in O. sativa. Our analyses further reveal that the ABI transcription factors undergo isoAsp formation that affect their functional competence; however, PIMT interacts with and repairs isoAsp residues and facilitates their functions. Our results thus illustrate a new insight into the mechanisms of acquisition of seed desiccation tolerance and longevity by ABI transcription factors and the PIMT module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Uttam Kamble
- MM203 Seed and Stress Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- MM203 Seed and Stress Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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18
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Salvi P, Agarrwal R, Gandass N, Manna M, Kaur H, Deshmukh R. Sugar transporters and their molecular tradeoffs during abiotic stress responses in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13652. [PMID: 35174495 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars as photosynthates are well known as energy providers and as building blocks of various structural components of plant cells, tissues and organs. Additionally, as a part of various sugar signaling pathways, they interact with other cellular machinery and influence many important cellular decisions in plants. Sugar signaling is further reliant on the differential distribution of sugars throughout the plant system. The distribution of sugars from source to sink tissues or within organelles of plant cells is a highly regulated process facilitated by various sugar transporters located in plasma membranes and organelle membranes, respectively. Sugar distribution, as well as signaling, is impacted during unfavorable environments such as extreme temperatures, salt, nutrient scarcity, or drought. Here, we have discussed the mechanism of sugar transport via various types of sugar transporters as well as their differential response during environmental stress exposure. The functional involvement of sugar transporters in plant's abiotic stress tolerance is also discussed. Besides, we have also highlighted the challenges in engineering sugar transporter proteins as well as the undeciphered modules associated with sugar transporters in plants. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the role and regulation of sugar transporters during abiotic stresses and enables us to target the candidate sugar transporter(s) for crop improvement to develop climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Nishu Gandass
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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19
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Chen BX, Fu H, Gao JD, Zhang YX, Huang WJ, Chen ZJ, Yan SJ, Liu J. Identification of Metabolomic Biomarkers of Seed Vigor and Aging in Hybrid Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:7. [PMID: 35084595 PMCID: PMC8795261 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Seed deterioration during rice seed storage can lead to seed vigor loss, which adversely affects agricultural production, the long-term preservation of germplasm resources, and the conservation of species diversity. However, the mechanisms underlying seed vigor maintenance remain largely unknown. In this study, 16 hybrid rice combinations were created using four sterile lines and four restorer lines that have been widely planted in southern China. Following artificial aging and natural aging treatments, germination percentage and metabolomics analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the metabolite markers that could accurately reflect the degree of aging of the hybrid rice seeds. Significant differences in the degree of seed deterioration were observed among the 16 hybrid rice combinations tested, with each hybrid combination having a different germination percentage after storage. The hybrid rice combination with the storage-resistant restorer line Guanghui122 exhibited the highest germination percentage under both natural and artificial storage. A total of 89 metabolic peaks and 56 metabolites were identified, most of which were related to primary metabolism. Interestingly, the content of galactose, gluconic acid, fructose and glycerol in the seeds increased significantly during the aging process. Absolute quantification indicated that galactose and gluconic acid were highly significantly negatively correlated with the germination percentage of the seeds under the different aging treatments. The galactose content was significantly positively correlated with gluconic acid content. Additionally, glycerol showed a significant negative correlation with the germination percentage in most hybrid combinations. Based on the metabolomics analysis, metabolite markers that could accurately reflect the aging degree of hybrid rice seeds were identified. Galactose and gluconic acid were highly significantly negatively correlated with the germination percentage of the seeds, which suggested that these metabolites could constitute potential metabolic markers of seed vigor and aging. These findings are of great significance for the rapid and accurate evaluation of seed aging degree, the determination of seed quality, and the development of molecular breeding approaches for high-vigor rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Xian Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Dong Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Juan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Dai H, Zhu Z, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Kong W, Miao M. Galactinol synthase 1 improves cucumber performance under cold stress by enhancing assimilate translocation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab063. [PMID: 35048123 PMCID: PMC9015895 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) predominately translocates raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in the phloem and accumulates RFOs in leaves. Galactinol synthase (GolS) catalyzes the critical step of RFO biosynthesis, and determining the functional diversity of multiple GolS isoforms in cucumber is of scientific significance. In this study, we found that all four isoforms of CsGolS in the cucumber genome were upregulated by different abiotic stresses. β-glucuronidase staining and tissue separation experiments suggested that CsGolS1 is expressed in vascular tissues, whereas the other three CsGolSs are located in mesophyll cells. Further investigation indicates that CsGolS1 plays double roles in both assimilate loading and stress response in minor veins, which could increase the RFO concentration in the phloem sap and then improve assimilate transport under adverse conditions. Cold-induced minor vein-specific overexpression of CsGolS1 enhanced the assimilate translocation efficiency and accelerated the growth rates of sink leaves, fruits and whole plants under cold stress. Finally, our results demonstrate a previously unknown response to adverse environments and provide a potential biotechnological strategy to improve the stress resistance of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Dai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zihui Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiwen Kong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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21
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A conserved NAG motif is critical to the catalytic activity of galactinol synthase, a key regulatory enzyme of RFO biosynthesis. Biochem J 2021; 478:3939-3955. [PMID: 34693969 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Galactinol synthase (GolS) catalyzes the key regulatory step in the biosynthesis of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs). Even though the physiological role and regulation of this enzyme has been well studied, little is known about active site amino acids and the structure-function relationship with substrates of this enzyme. In the present study, we investigate the active site amino acid and structure-function relationship for this enzyme. Using a combination of three-dimensional homology modeling, molecular docking along with a series of deletion, site-directed mutagenesis followed by in vitro biochemical and in vivo functional analysis; we have studied active site amino acids and their interaction with the substrate of chickpea and Arabidopsis GolS enzyme. Our study reveals that the GolS protein possesses GT8 family-specific several conserved motifs in which NAG motif plays a crucial role in substrate binding and catalytic activity of this enzyme. Deletion of entire NAG motif or deletion or the substitution (with alanine) of any residues of this motif results in complete loss of catalytic activity in in vitro condition. Furthermore, disruption of NAG motif of CaGolS1 enzyme disrupts it's in vivo cellular function in yeast as well as in planta. Together, our study offers a new insight into the active site amino acids and their substrate interaction for the catalytic activity of GolS enzyme. We demonstrate that NAG motif plays a vital role in substrate binding for the catalytic activity of galactinol synthase that affects overall RFO synthesis.
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Zhang Y, Li D, Dirk LMA, Downie AB, Zhao T. ZmAGA1 Hydrolyzes RFOs Late during the Lag Phase of Seed Germination, Shifting Sugar Metabolism toward Seed Germination Over Seed Aging Tolerance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11606-11615. [PMID: 34553917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are accumulated during the late stage of seed development and hydrolyzed during seed germination. The process of raffinose hydrolysis during seed germination and how this process affects seed vigor remains unknown. We report here that maize alkaline α-galactosidase 1 (ZmAGA1) protein is translationally induced and is capable of hydrolyzing RFOs as well as a precursor, galactinol, during seed germination. Constitutively overexpressing ZmAGA1 in Arabidopsis decreased both RFOs and galactinol contents of mature, desiccated, and 30 hours after imbibition (HAI) seeds, yet enhanced the seed germination percentage under either salt or somewhat osmotic-stress conditions at earlier times during the time course. However, ZmAGA1 overexpression also decreased the seed aging tolerance of mature, desiccated seeds as compared with wild type (WT) or those overexpressing GFP. Compared to that of WT control seeds, the atsip2 (mutant of Arabidopsis AtSIP2 (seed imbibition protein 2, encoding alkaline α-galactosidase)) seeds have similar RFOs and galactinol contents in mature, desiccated seeds but significantly increased the amount of these metabolites at 30 HAI. This retention of RFOs and galactinol in atsip2 results in seeds that exhibit lowered seed germination percentage under either salt or osmotic stress conditions, and yet, increased seed aging tolerance relative to WT. Similarly, when maize seeds were imbibed in the presence of a specific α-galactosidase inhibitor (1-deoxygalactonojirimycin) as compared to those imbibed in water, greater amounts of raffinose and galactinol were detected; the seeds exhibited decreased seed germination percentages but increased seed aging tolerance. Taken together, these data suggest that both maize seed germination and seed aging tolerance can be simultaneously regulated through careful temporal manipulation of ZmAGA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology Group, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology Group, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Fernando A, Selvaraj M, Ishitani M, Nakashima K, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. How utilizing the genes involved in drought tolerance could tackle the climate change-related food crisis? MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1601-1603. [PMID: 34358680 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fernando
- Crops for Nutrition and Health, Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia.
| | - Michael Selvaraj
- Crops for Nutrition and Health, Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia
| | - Manabu Ishitani
- Crops for Nutrition and Health, Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia
| | - Kazuo Nakashima
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Stable Agricultural Production Program, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Salvi P, Manna M, Kaur H, Thakur T, Gandass N, Bhatt D, Muthamilarasan M. Phytohormone signaling and crosstalk in regulating drought stress response in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1305-1329. [PMID: 33751168 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are ubiquitously involved in plant biological processes and regulate cellular signaling pertaining to unheralded environmental cues, such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature and nutrient deprivation. The association of phytohormones to nearly all the fundamental biological processes epitomizes the phytohormone syndicate as a candidate target for consideration during engineering stress endurance in agronomically important crops. The drought stress response is essentially driven by phytohormones and their intricate network of crosstalk, which leads to transcriptional reprogramming. This review is focused on the pivotal role of phytohormones in water deficit responses, including their manipulation for mitigating the effect of the stressor. We have also discussed the inherent complexity of existing crosstalk accrued among them during the progression of drought stress, which instigates the tolerance response. Therefore, in this review, we have highlighted the role and regulatory aspects of various phytohormones, namely abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene and strigolactone, with emphasis on drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India.
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanika Thakur
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India
| | - Nishu Gandass
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India
| | - Deepesh Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Characterization of the Heat-Stable Proteome during Seed Germination in Arabidopsis with Special Focus on LEA Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158172. [PMID: 34360938 PMCID: PMC8347141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During seed germination, desiccation tolerance is lost in the radicle with progressing radicle protrusion and seedling establishment. This process is accompanied by comprehensive changes in the metabolome and proteome. Germination of Arabidopsis seeds was investigated over 72 h with special focus on the heat-stable proteome including late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins together with changes in primary metabolites. Six metabolites in dry seeds known to be important for seed longevity decreased during germination and seedling establishment, while all other metabolites increased simultaneously with activation of growth and development. Thermo-stable proteins were associated with a multitude of biological processes. In the heat-stable proteome, a relatively similar proportion of fully ordered and fully intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) was discovered. Highly disordered proteins were found to be associated with functional categories development, protein, RNA and stress. As expected, the majority of LEA proteins decreased during germination and seedling establishment. However, four germination-specific dehydrins were identified, not present in dry seeds. A network analysis of proteins, metabolites and amino acids generated during the course of germination revealed a highly connected LEA protein network.
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Manna M, Thakur T, Chirom O, Mandlik R, Deshmukh R, Salvi P. Transcription factors as key molecular target to strengthen the drought stress tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:847-868. [PMID: 33180329 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amid apprehension of global climate change, crop plants are inevitably confronted with a myriad of abiotic stress factors during their growth that inflicts a serious threat to their development and overall productivity. These abiotic stresses comprise extreme temperature, pH, high saline soil, and drought stress. Among different abiotic stresses, drought is considered the most calamitous stressor with its serious impact on the crops' yield stability. The development of climate-resilient crops that withstands reduced water availability is a major focus of the scientific fraternity to ensure the food security of the sharply increasing population. Numerous studies aim to recognize the key regulators of molecular and biochemical processes associated with drought stress tolerance response. A few potential candidates are now considered as promising targets for crop improvement. Transcription factors act as a key regulatory switch controlling the gene expression of diverse biological processes and, eventually, the metabolic processes. Understanding the role and regulation of the transcription factors will facilitate the crop improvement strategies intending to develop and deliver agronomically-superior crops. Therefore, in this review, we have emphasized the molecular avenues of the transcription factors that can be exploited to engineer drought tolerance potential in crop plants. We have discussed the molecular role of several transcription factors, such as basic leucine zipper (bZIP), dehydration responsive element binding (DREB), DNA binding with one finger (DOF), heat shock factor (HSF), MYB, NAC, TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP), and WRKY. We have also highlighted candidate transcription factors that can be used for the development of drought-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanika Thakur
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Oceania Chirom
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Wei J, Zhao H, Liu X, Liu S, Li L, Ma H. Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Soybean Cultivars with Different Seed Vigor During Seed Physiological Maturity. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617666200127142051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The soybean seed’s physiological maturity (R7) period is an extraordinary period
for the formation of seed vigor. However, how proteins and their related metabolic pathways in
seed and leaf change during seed physiological maturity is still not fully understood.
Methods:
In the present study, using a pair of pre-harvest seed deterioration-sensitive and -resistant
soybean cultivars Ningzhen No. 1 and Xiangdou No. 3, the changes were investigated through analyzing
leaf, cotyledon and embryo at the levels of protein, ultrastructure, and physiology and biochemistry.
Results:
Soybean cultivars with stronger photosynthetic capacity in leaf, higher nutrients accumulation
and protein biosynthesis in cotyledon, as well as stronger resistant-pathogen ability and cell stability in
embryo during seed physiological maturity, would produce higher vitality seeds.
Conclusion:
Such a study allows us to further understand the changes at protein, ultrastructure, and
physiology and biochemistry levels in developing seeds during the physiological maturity and provide
a theoretical basis for cultivating soybean cultivars with higher seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sushuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Minen RI, Martinez MP, Iglesias AA, Figueroa CM. Biochemical characterization of recombinant UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase and galactinol synthase from Brachypodium distachyon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:780-788. [PMID: 32866791 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose (Raf) protects plant cells during seed desiccation and under different abiotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of Raf starts with the production of UDP-galactose by UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPPase) and continues with the synthesis of galactinol by galactinol synthase (GolSase). Galactinol is then used by Raf synthase to produce Raf. In this work, we report the biochemical characterization of USPPase (BdiUSPPase) and GolSase 1 (BdiGolSase1) from Brachypodium distachyon. The catalytic efficiency of BdiUSPPase was similar with galactose 1-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate, but 5- to 17-fold lower with other sugar 1-phosphates. The catalytic efficiency of BdiGolSase1 with UDP-galactose was three orders of magnitude higher than with UDP-glucose. A structural model of BdiGolSase1 allowed us to determine the residues putatively involved in the binding of substrates. Among these, we found that Cys261 lies within the putative catalytic pocket. BdiGolSase1 was inactivated by oxidation with diamide and H2O2. The activity of the diamide-oxidized enzyme was recovered by reduction with dithiothreitol or E. coli thioredoxin, suggesting that BdiGolSase1 is redox-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina I Minen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María P Martinez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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29
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Vinson CC, Mota APZ, Porto BN, Oliveira TN, Sampaio I, Lacerda AL, Danchin EGJ, Guimaraes PM, Williams TCR, Brasileiro ACM. Characterization of raffinose metabolism genes uncovers a wild Arachis galactinol synthase conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15258. [PMID: 32943670 PMCID: PMC7498584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are implicated in plant regulatory mechanisms of abiotic stresses tolerance and, despite their antinutritional proprieties in grain legumes, little information is available about the enzymes involved in RFO metabolism in Fabaceae species. In the present study, the systematic survey of legume proteins belonging to five key enzymes involved in the metabolism of RFOs (galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, stachyose synthase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-fructofuranosidase) identified 28 coding-genes in Arachis duranensis and 31 in A. ipaënsis. Their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, protein domains, and chromosome distribution patterns were also determined. Based on the expression profiling of these genes under water deficit treatments, a galactinol synthase candidate gene (AdGolS3) was identified in A. duranensis. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AdGolS3 exhibited increased levels of raffinose and reduced stress symptoms under drought, osmotic, and salt stresses. Metabolite and expression profiling suggested that AdGolS3 overexpression was associated with fewer metabolic perturbations under drought stress, together with better protection against oxidative damage. Overall, this study enabled the identification of a promising GolS candidate gene for metabolic engineering of sugars to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops, whilst also contributing to the understanding of RFO metabolism in legume species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Vinson
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana P Z Mota
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Brenda N Porto
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Thais N Oliveira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Iracyara Sampaio
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana L Lacerda
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia M Guimaraes
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Brasileiro
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, CP 02372, Brazil.
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30
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Oberschelp GPJ, Guarnaschelli AB, Teson N, Harrand L, Podestá FE, Margarit E. Cold acclimation and freezing tolerance in three Eucalyptus species: A metabolomic and proteomic approach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:316-327. [PMID: 32593088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to cope with frost events relies on the physiological and molecular responses triggered by cold temperatures. This process, named acclimation, involves reprogramming gene expression in order to adjust metabolism. Planted Eucalyptus species are highly productive but most of them are frost sensitive. However, acclimation process varies among species and environmental conditions, promoting more or less frost damage in young plantations of frost-prone areas. To identify metabolites and proteins responsible for these differences, two acclimation regimes were imposed to seedling of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden (Eg), Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden (Ed) and Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden Cambage (Eb), and leaves submitted to biochemical and molecular analyses. Further, seedlings were used for simulated frosts in order to test the acclimation status effect on frost tolerance. Eb showed higher frost tolerance than Ed and Eg under control and acclimation scenarios, possibly due to its higher accumulation of phenolics, anthocyanins and soluble sugars as well as lower levels of photosynthetic pigments and related proteins. Also, a rise in frost tolerance and in osmoprotectants and antioxidants was observed for all the species due to cold acclimation treatment. Interestingly, metabolic profiles differed among species, suggesting different mechanisms to endure frosts and, probably, different requirements for cold acclimation. Shotgun proteomics reinforced differences and commonalities and supported metabolome observations. An in depth understanding of these responses could help to safeguard planted forests productivity through breeding of tolerant genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Beatriz Guarnaschelli
- Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FAUBA), Av. San Martín 4453, CABA, Argentina
| | - Natalia Teson
- EEA Concordia del INTA, Ruta 22 y vías del ferrocarril, Colonia Yeruá, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Leonel Harrand
- EEA Concordia del INTA, Ruta 22 y vías del ferrocarril, Colonia Yeruá, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Florencio Esteban Podestá
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe. Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe. Argentina.
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31
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Yadav PK, Salvi P, Kamble NU, Petla BP, Majee M, Saxena SC. Deciphering the structural basis of the broad substrate specificity of myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMP) from Cicer arietinum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:967-975. [PMID: 31730952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMP) is a crucial enzyme in the inositol biosynthetic pathway that dephosphorylates myo-inositol 1-phosphate and other inositol phosphate derivative compounds to maintain the homeostasis of cellular inositol pool. In our previous research, we have biochemically and functionally characterized IMP enzyme from chickpea (CaIMP), which was able to catalyze diverse substrates. We cloned, overexpressed recombinant CaIMP protein and purified it and further characterized the CaIMP with its three main substrates viz. galactose 1-P, inositol 6-P and fructose 1,6-bisP. Homology model of CaIMP was generated to elucidate the factors contributing to the broad substrate specificity of the protein. The active site of the CaIMP protein was analysed with respect to its interactions with the proposed substrates. Structural features such as, high B-factor and flexible loop regions in the active site, inspired further investigation into the static and dynamic behaviour of the active site of CaIMP protein. The electrostatic biding of each of the key substrates was assessed through molecular docking. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations showed that these interactions indeed were stable for extended periods of time under physiological conditions. These experiments conclusively allowed us to establish the primary factors contributing to the promiscuity in substrate binding by CaIMP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakarsh K Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Saurabh C Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana road, Delhi 110042, India.
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32
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Li W, He X, Chen Y, Jing Y, Shen C, Yang J, Teng W, Zhao X, Hu W, Hu M, Li H, Miller AJ, Tong Y. A wheat transcription factor positively sets seed vigour by regulating the grain nitrate signal. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1667-1680. [PMID: 31581317 PMCID: PMC7004088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigour and early establishment are important factors determining the yield of crops. A wheat nitrate-inducible NAC transcription factor, TaNAC2, plays a critical role in promoting crop growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and now its role in seed vigour is revealed. A TaNAC2 regulated gene was identified that is a NRT2-type nitrate transporter TaNRT2.5 with a key role in seed vigour. Overexpressing TaNAC2-5A increases grain nitrate concentration and seed vigour by directly binding to the promoter of TaNRT2.5-3B and positively regulating its expression. TaNRT2.5 is expressed in developing grain, particularly the embryo and husk. In Xenopus oocyte assays TaNRT2.5 requires a partner protein TaNAR2.1 to give nitrate transport activity, and the transporter locates to the tonoplast in a tobacco leaf transient expression system. Furthermore, in the root TaNRT2.5 and TaNRT2.1 function in post-anthesis acquisition of soil nitrate. Overexpression of TaNRT2.5-3B increases seed vigour, grain nitrate concentration and yield, whereas RNA interference of TaNRT2.5 has the opposite effects. The TaNAC2-NRT2.5 module has a key role in regulating grain nitrate accumulation and seed vigour. Both genes can potentially be used to improve grain yield and NUE in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai200032China
| | - Xue He
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai200032China
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai200032China
- Department of Metabolic BiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Yanfu Jing
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chuncai Shen
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Junbo Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wan Teng
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Weijuan Hu
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- The Institute for Cereal and Oil CropsHebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang050035China
| | - Hui Li
- The Institute for Cereal and Oil CropsHebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang050035China
| | - Anthony J. Miller
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai200032China
- Department of Metabolic BiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Yiping Tong
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai200032China
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Ghosh S, Kamble NU, Verma P, Salvi P, Petla BP, Roy S, Rao V, Hazra A, Varshney V, Kaur H, Majee M. Arabidopsis protein l-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE repairs isoaspartyl damage to antioxidant enzymes and increases heat and oxidative stress tolerance. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:783-799. [PMID: 31831624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful environments accelerate the formation of isoaspartyl (isoAsp) residues in proteins, which detrimentally affect protein structure and function. The enzyme PROTEIN l-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT) repairs other proteins by reverting deleterious isoAsp residues to functional aspartyl residues. PIMT function previously has been elucidated in seeds, but its role in plant survival under stress conditions remains undefined. Herein, we used molecular, biochemical, and genetic approaches, including protein overexpression and knockdown experiments, in Arabidopsis to investigate the role of PIMTs in plant growth and survival during heat and oxidative stresses. We demonstrate that these stresses increase isoAsp accumulation in plant proteins, that PIMT activity is essential for restricting isoAsp accumulation, and that both PIMT1 and PIMT2 play an important role in this restriction and Arabidopsis growth and survival. Moreover, we show that PIMT improves stress tolerance by facilitating efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by protecting the functionality of antioxidant enzymes from isoAsp-mediated damage during stress. Specifically, biochemical and MS/MS analyses revealed that antioxidant enzymes acquire deleterious isoAsp residues during stress, which adversely affect their catalytic activities, and that PIMT repairs the isoAsp residues and thereby restores antioxidant enzyme function. Collectively, our results suggest that the PIMT-mediated protein repair system is an integral part of the stress-tolerance mechanism in plants, in which PIMTs protect antioxidant enzymes that maintain proper ROS homeostasis against isoAsp-mediated damage in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraboni Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Pooja Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Shweta Roy
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Ghosh S, Kamble NU, Verma P, Salvi P, Petla BP, Roy S, Rao V, Hazra A, Varshney V, Kaur H, Majee M. Arabidopsis protein l-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE repairs isoaspartyl damage to antioxidant enzymes and increases heat and oxidative stress tolerance. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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35
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Zhang M, Liu H, Wang Q, Liu S, Zhang Y. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 5 gene from Malus domestica enhances oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:269-277. [PMID: 31783202 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is the first rate-limiting enzyme regulating the synthesis of terpenoids upstream of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. In higher plants, members of the HMGR genes families play an important role in plant growth and development and in response to various environmental stresses. In the present study, a novel HMGR gene, designated MdHMGR5, was isolated from apple (Malus domestica L.) and characterized. Expression of MdHMGR5 enhanced the activity of HMGR enzyme in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana L. plants. Under oxidative stress, transgenic A. thaliana plants over-expressing MdHMGR5 had a higher germination rate, a longer main root length, higher chlorophyll and proline content, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative conductivity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rate were significantly lower than in wild type plants. These results indicated that over-expression of MdHMGR5 enhanced plant tolerance to oxidative stress by scavenging ROS in transgenic plants. Over-expression of MdHMGR5 also affected the expression levels of genes in mevalonic acid and 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MVA and MEP) pathways of A. thaliana plants. These results indicate that over-expression of MdHMGR5 enhances tolerance to oxidative stress by maintaining photosynthesis and scavenging ROS in transgenic A. thaliana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Heng Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yuanhu Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Domergue JB, Abadie C, Limami A, Way D, Tcherkez G. Seed quality and carbon primary metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2776-2788. [PMID: 31323691 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving seed quality is amongst the most important challenges of contemporary agriculture. In fact, using plant varieties with better germination rates that are more tolerant to stress during seedling establishment may improve crop yield considerably. Therefore, intense efforts are currently being devoted to improve seed quality in many species, mostly using genomics tools. However, despite its considerable importance during seed imbibition and germination processes, primary carbon metabolism in seeds is less studied. Our knowledge of the physiology of seed respiration and energy generation and the impact of these processes on seed performance have made limited progress over the past three decades. In particular, (isotope-assisted) metabolomics of seeds has only been assessed occasionally, and there is limited information on possible quantitative relationships between metabolic fluxes and seed quality. Here, we review the recent literature and provide an overview of potential links between metabolic efficiency, metabolic biomarkers, and seed quality and discuss implications for future research, including a climate change context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Domergue
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Cyril Abadie
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Anis Limami
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Mukherjee R, Mukherjee A, Bandyopadhyay S, Mukherjee S, Sengupta S, Ray S, Majumder AL. Selective manipulation of the inositol metabolic pathway for induction of salt-tolerance in indica rice variety. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5358. [PMID: 30926863 PMCID: PMC6441109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are rich sources of salt stress tolerance genes which have often been utilized for introduction of salt-tolerance character in salt-sensitive plants. In the present study, we overexpressed PcINO1 and PcIMT1 gene(s), earlier characterized in this laboratory from wild halophytic rice Porteresia coarctata, into IR64 indica rice either singly or in combination and assessed their role in conferring salt-tolerance. Homozygous T3/T4 transgenic plants revealed that PcINO1 transformed transgenic rice lines exhibit significantly higher tolerance upto 200 mM or higher salt concentration with negligible compromise in their growth or other physiological parameters compared to the untransformed system grown without stress. The PcIMT1-lines or the double transgenic lines (DC1) having PcINO1 and PcIMT1 introgressed together, were less efficient in such respect. Comparison of inositol and/or pinitol pool in three types of transgenic plants suggests that plants whose inositol production remains uninterrupted under stress by the functional PcINO1 protein, showed normal growth as in the wild-type plants without stress. It is conceivable that inositol itself acts as a stress-ameliorator and/or as a switch for a number of other pathways important for imparting salt-tolerance. Such selective manipulation of the inositol metabolic pathway may be one of the ways to combat salt stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sritama Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.,Department of Botany, Bethune College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Sengupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.,School of Plant Environment and Soil Sciences, Lousiana State University Agricultural Center, Lousiana, USA
| | - Sudipta Ray
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.,Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Studies, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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38
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Dynamic hydrolase labelling as a marker for seed quality in Arabidopsis seeds. Biochem J 2019; 476:843-857. [PMID: 30782971 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seed quality is affected by different constituents of the seed. In general, seed lots are considered to be of high quality when they exhibit fast and homogeneous germination. When seeds are stored, they undergo different degrees of damage that have detrimental effects on their quality. Therefore, accurate prediction of the seed quality and viability levels of a seed lot is of high importance in the seed-producing industry. Here, we describe the use of activity-based protein profiling of proteases to evaluate the quality of artificially and naturally aged seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana Using this approach, we have identified two protease activities with opposite behaviours in aged seeds of Arabidopsis that correlate with the quality status of the seeds. We show that vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) become more active during the ageing process, in both artificial and natural ageing treatments. Secondly, we demonstrate that serine hydrolases are active at the beginning of our artificial ageing treatment, but their labelling decreases along with seed viability. We present a list of candidate hydrolases active during seed germination and propose that these protease activities can be used in combination with VPEs to develop novel markers of seed quality.
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Mukherjee S, Sengupta S, Mukherjee A, Basak P, Majumder AL. Abiotic stress regulates expression of galactinol synthase genes post-transcriptionally through intron retention in rice. PLANTA 2019; 249:891-912. [PMID: 30465114 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the Galactinol synthase genes in rice is regulated through post-transcriptional intron retention in response to abiotic stress and may be linked to Raffinose Family Oligosaccharide synthesis in osmotic perturbation. Galactinol synthase (GolS) is the first committed enzyme in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) synthesis pathway and synthesizes galactinol from UDP-galactose and inositol. Expression of GolS genes has long been implicated in abiotic stress, especially drought and salinity. A non-canonical regulation mechanism controlling the splicing and maturation of rice GolS genes was identified in rice photosynthetic tissue. We found that the two isoforms of Oryza sativa GolS (OsGolS) gene, located in chromosomes 3(OsGolS1) and 7(OsGolS2) are interspersed by conserved introns harboring characteristic premature termination codons (PTC). During abiotic stress, the premature and mature transcripts of both isoforms were found to accumulate in a rhythmic manner for very small time-windows interrupted by phases of complete absence. Reporter gene assay using GolS promoters under abiotic stress does not reflect this accumulation profile, suggesting that this regulation occurs post-transcriptionally. We suggest that this may be due to a surveillance mechanism triggering the degradation of the premature transcript preventing its accumulation in the cell. The suggested mechanism fits the paradigm of PTC-induced Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD). In support of our hypothesis, when we pharmacologically blocked NMD, the full-length pre-mRNAs were increasingly accumulated in cell. To this end, our work suggests that a combined transcriptional and post transcriptional control exists in rice to regulate GolS expression under stress. Concurrent detection and processing of prematurely terminating transcripts coupled to repressed splicing can be described as a form of Regulated Unproductive Splicing and Translation (RUST) and may be linked to the stress adaptation of the plant, which is an interesting future research possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute (Centenary Campus), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
- Botany Department, Bethune College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700006, India
| | - Sonali Sengupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute (Centenary Campus), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
- School of Plant Environment and Soil Sciences, LSUAg Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute (Centenary Campus), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Papri Basak
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute (Centenary Campus), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Arun Lahiri Majumder
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute (Centenary Campus), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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40
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Jing Y, Lang S, Wang D, Xue H, Wang XF. Functional characterization of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase in desiccation tolerance acquisition in developing Arabidopsis seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 230:109-121. [PMID: 30368031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) accumulate during seed development, and have been thought to be associated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance (DT) by seeds. Here, comprehensive approaches were adopted to evaluate the changes of DT in developing Arabidopsis seeds of wild type, overexpression (OX-AtGS1/GS2/RS5), and mutant lines by manipulating the expression levels of the GALACTINOL SYNTHASE (GS) and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RS) genes. Our results indicate that seeds of the double mutant (gs1, gs2) and rs5 delayed the timing of DT acquisition as compared to wild type. Subsequent detection confirmed that seeds from OX-AtGS1/GS2 plants with high levels of galactinol, raffinose, and stachyose, and OX-AtRS5 plants possess more raffinose and stachyose but less galactinol compared to wild type. These lines all showed greater germination percentage and shorter time to 50% germination after desiccation treatment at 11 and 15 days after flower (DAF). Further analysis revealed that the role of RFOs is time limited and mainly affects the middle stage (9-16 DAF) of seed development by enhancing seed viability and the ratio of GSH to GSSH in cells, but there is no significant difference in DT of mature seeds. In addition, RFOs could reduce damage to seeds caused by oxidative stress. We conclude that GALACTINOL SYNTHASE and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE play important roles in DT acquisition during Arabidopsis seed development, and that galactinol and RFOs are crucial protective compounds in the response of seeds to desiccation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sirui Lang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hua Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Romero-Rodríguez MC, Archidona-Yuste A, Abril N, Gil-Serrano AM, Meijón M, Jorrín-Novo JV. Germination and Early Seedling Development in Quercus ilex Recalcitrant and Non-dormant Seeds: Targeted Transcriptional, Hormonal, and Sugar Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1508. [PMID: 30405659 PMCID: PMC6204751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and early seedling development have been studied in the recalcitrant species Quercus ilex using targeted transcriptional, hormonal, and sugar analysis. Embryos and seedlings were collected at eight morphologically defined developmental stages, S0-S7. A typical triphasic water uptake curve was observed throughout development, accompanied by a decrease in sucrose and an increase in glucose and fructose. Low levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and high levels of gibberellins (GAs) were observed in mature seeds. Post-germination, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), increased, whereas GA remained high, a pattern commonly observed during growth and development. The abundance of transcripts from ABA-related genes was positively correlated with the changes in the content of the phytohormone. Transcripts of the drought-related genes Dhn3 and GolS were more abundant at S0, then decreased in parallel with increasing water content. Transcripts for Gapdh, and Nadh6 were abundant at S0, supporting the occurrence of an active metabolism in recalcitrant seeds at the time of shedding. The importance of ROS during germination is manifest in the high transcript levels for Sod and Gst, found in mature seeds. The results presented herein help distinguish recalcitrant (e.g., Q. ilex) seeds from their orthodox counterparts. Our results indicate that recalcitrance is established during seed development but not manifest until germination (S1-S3). Post-germination the patterns are quite similar for both orthodox and recalcitrant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cristina Romero-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Dirección de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Archidona-Yuste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Gil-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Rao V, Petla BP, Verma P, Salvi P, Kamble NU, Ghosh S, Kaur H, Saxena SC, Majee M. Arabidopsis SKP1-like protein13 (ASK13) positively regulates seed germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3899-3915. [PMID: 29788274 PMCID: PMC6054272 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein1) proteins are key members of the SCF (SKP-cullin-F-box protein) E3 ligase complexes that ubiquitinate target proteins and play diverse roles in plant biology. However, in comparison with other members of the SCF complex, knowledge of SKP1-like proteins is very limited in plants. In the present work, we report that Arabidopsis SKP1-like protein13 (ASK13) is differentially regulated in different organs during seed development and germination and is up-regulated in response to abiotic stress. Yeast two-hybrid library screening and subsequent assessment of in vivo interactions through bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that ASK13 not only interacts with F-box proteins but also with other proteins that are not components of SCF complexes. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that ASK13 not only exists as a monomer but also as a homo-oligomer or heteromer with other ASK proteins. Functional analysis using ASK13 overexpression and knockdown lines showed that ASK13 positively influences seed germination and seedling growth, particularly under abiotic stress. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that apart from participation to form SCF complexes, ASK13 interacts with several other proteins and is implicated in different cellular processes distinct from protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shraboni Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh C Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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Shukla T, Khare R, Kumar S, Lakhwani D, Sharma D, Asif MH, Trivedi PK. Differential transcriptome modulation leads to variation in arsenic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 351:1-10. [PMID: 29506000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous metalloid and a health hazard to millions of people worldwide. The presence of As in groundwater poses a threat as it not only affects crop productivity but also contaminates food chain. Therefore, it is essential to understand molecular mechanisms underlying uptake, transport and accumulation of As in plants. In recent past, natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana has been utilized to understand molecular and genetic adaptation under different stresses. In this study, responses of Arabidopsis accessions were analyzed at biochemical and molecular levels towards arsenate [As(V)] stress. On the basis of reduction in root length, accessions were categorized into tolerant and sensitive ones towards As(V). Root length analysis led to the identification of Col-0 (<10% reduction) and Slavi-1 (>60% reduction) as the most tolerant and sensitive accessions, respectively. Comparative genome-wide expression analysis revealed differential expression of 168 and 548 genes in Col-0 and Slavi-1, respectively, with 120 common differentially expressed genes. A number of genes associated with defense and stress-response, transport system, regulatory mechanisms and biochemical processes showed differential expression in contrasting accessions. The study provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with stress response and processes involved in adaptation strategies towards As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapsi Shukla
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Ria Khare
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Deepika Lakhwani
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Mehar Hasan Asif
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
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Yan S, Huang W, Gao J, Fu H, Liu J. Comparative metabolomic analysis of seed metabolites associated with seed storability in rice (Oryza sativa L.) during natural aging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:590-598. [PMID: 29729608 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Seed storability is an important trait for crop breeding, however, the mechanism underlying seed storability remains largely unknown. Here, a mass spectrometry-based comparative metabolomic study was performed for rice seeds before and after 24-month natural storage between two hybrid rice cultivars, IIYou 998 (IIY) with low storability and BoYou 998 (BY) with relative high storability. A total of 48 metabolites among 90 metabolite peaks detected were conclusively identified, and most of them are involved in the primary metabolism. During the 24-month storage, 19 metabolites with significant changes in abundance were found in the storage-sensitive IIY seeds, but only 8 in the BY seeds, most of which are free amino acids and soluble sugars. The observed changes of the metabolites in IIY seeds that are consistent with our protoemics results are likely to be involved in its sensitivity to storage. Levels of all identified 18 amino acid-related metabolites and most sugar-related metabolites were significantly higher in IIY seeds both before and after storage. However the level of raffinose was lower in IIY seeds before and after storage, and did not change significantly throughout the storage period in both two cultivars, suggesting its potential role in seed storability. Taken together, these results may help to improve our understanding of seed storability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Yan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jiadong Gao
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hua Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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You J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Dossa K, Li D, Zhou R, Wang L, Zhang X. Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of genes involved in raffinose accumulation in sesame. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531231 PMCID: PMC5847563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop. However, multiple abiotic stresses severely affect sesame growth and production. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), such as raffinose and stachyose, play an important role in desiccation tolerance of plants and developing seeds. In the present study, three types of key enzymes, galactinol synthase (GolS), raffinose synthase (RafS) and stachyose synthase (StaS), responsible for the biosynthesis of RFOs were identified at the genome-wide scale in sesame. A total of 7 SiGolS and 15 SiRS genes were identified in the sesame genome. Transcriptome analyses showed that SiGolS and SiRS genes exhibited distinct expression profiles in different tissues and seed developmental stages. Comparative expression analyses under various abiotic stresses indicated that most of SiGolS and SiRS genes were significantly regulated by drought, osmotic, salt, and waterlogging stresses, but slightly affected by cold stress. The up-regulation of several SiGolS and SiRS genes by multiple abiotic stresses suggested their active implication in sesame abiotic stress responses. Taken together, these results shed light on the RFOs-mediated abiotic stress resistance in sesame and provide a useful framework for improving abiotic stress resistance of sesame through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Special Economic Crop Research Center of Shandon Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Cotton Research Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Falavigna VDS, Porto DD, Miotto YE, dos Santos HP, de Oliveira PRD, Margis-Pinheiro M, Pasquali G, Revers LF. Evolutionary diversification of galactinol synthases in Rosaceae: adaptive roles of galactinol and raffinose during apple bud dormancy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1247-1259. [PMID: 29373762 PMCID: PMC6018919 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which play roles in carbon storage, signal transduction, and osmoprotection. The present work assessed the evolutionary history of GolS genes across the Rosaceae using several bioinformatic tools. Apple (Malus × domestica) GolS genes were transcriptionally characterized during bud dormancy, in parallel with galactinol and raffinose measurements. Additionally, MdGolS2, a candidate to regulate seasonal galactinol and RFO content during apple bud dormancy, was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. Evolutionary analyses revealed that whole genome duplications have driven GolS gene evolution and diversification in Rosaceae speciation. The strong purifying selection identified in duplicated GolS genes suggests that differential gene expression might define gene function better than protein structure. Interestingly, MdGolS2 was differentially expressed during bud dormancy, concomitantly with the highest galactinol and raffinose levels. One of the intrinsic adaptive features of bud dormancy is limited availability of free water; therefore, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing MdGolS2. They showed higher galactinol and raffinose contents and increased tolerance to water deficit. Our results suggest that MdGolS2 is the major GolS responsible for RFO accumulation during apple dormancy, and these carbohydrates help to protect dormant buds against limited water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Jang JH, Shang Y, Kang HK, Kim SY, Kim BH, Nam KH. Arabidopsis galactinol synthases 1 (AtGOLS1) negatively regulates seed germination. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 267:94-101. [PMID: 29362103 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination begins the growth phases of plants and its rate is affected not only by plant hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroids (BRs), but also by environmental factors. In this study, we searched for additional chemical reagents that affect seed germination, using the det2-1 and ga1-3 mutants that showed reduced seed germination due to defective BR- or GA- biosynthesis, respectively. We found that the reducing reagent dithiothreitol (DTT) specifically enhanced seed germination of det2-1 compared with that of ga1-3. To further investigate the underlying molecular mechanism for this phenomenon, we identified AtGOLS1 as a differentially expressed gene in germinating seeds treated with DTT by GeneFishing analysis. AtGOLS1 encodes a galactinol synthase, critical for the first step in raffinose family oligosaccharides synthesis during seed maturation. We observed that expression of AtGOLS1 decreased when conditions were favorable for seed germination. We also determined that the seed germination rate was faster in T-DNA knockout atgols1 mutant and transgenic plants transformed with an RNA interference construct targeting AtGOLS1 compared with wild type plants. The double mutant of det2-1 and atgols1 also suppressed the reduced seed germination of the det2-1. Taken together, our results suggest that AtGOLS1 acts as a negative regulator in seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Beg Hab Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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Salvi P, Kamble NU, Majee M. Stress-Inducible Galactinol Synthase of Chickpea (CaGolS) is Implicated in Heat and Oxidative Stress Tolerance Through Reducing Stress-Induced Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:155-166. [PMID: 29121266 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) participate in various aspects of plant physiology, and galactinol synthase (GolS; EC 2.4.1.123) catalyzes the key step of RFO biosynthesis. Stress-induced accumulation of RFOs, in particular galactinol and raffinose, has been reported in a few plants; however, their precise role and mechanistic insight in stress adaptation remain elusive. In the present study, we have shown that the GolS activity as well as galactinol and raffinose content are significantly increased in response to various abiotic stresses in chickpea. Transcriptional analysis indicated that the CaGolS1 and CaGolS2 genes are induced in response to different abiotic stresses. Interestingly, heat and oxidative stress preferentially induce CaGolS1 over CaGolS2. In silco analysis revealed several common yet distinct cis-acting regulatory elements in their 5'-upstream regulatory sequences. Further, in vitro biochemical analysis revealed that the CaGolS1 enzyme functions better in stressful conditions than the CaGolS2 enzyme. Finally, Arabidopsis transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing CaGolS1 or CaGolS2 exhibit not only significantly increased galactinol but also raffinose content, and display better growth responses than wild-type or vector control plants when exposed to heat and oxidative stress. Further, improved tolerance of transgenic lines is associated with reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent lipid peroxidation as compared with control plants. Collectively, our data imply that GolS enzyme activity and consequent galactinol and raffinose content are significantly increased in response to stresses to mitigate stress-induced growth inhibition by restricting excessive ROS accumulation and consequent lipid peroxidation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- MM LAB, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- MM LAB, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- MM LAB, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Li T, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu Y, Dirk LMA, Goodman J, Downie AB, Wang J, Wang G, Zhao T. Regulation of Seed Vigor by Manipulation of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Maize and Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1540-1555. [PMID: 29122666 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) accumulate in seeds during maturation desiccation in many plant species. However, it remains unclear whether RFOs have a role in establishing seed vigor. GALACTINOL SYNTHASE (GOLS), RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RS), and STACHYOSE SYNTHASE (STS) are the enzymes responsible for RFO biosynthesis in plants. Interestingly, only raffinose is detected in maize seeds, and a unique maize RS gene (ZmRS) was identified. In this study, we found that two independent mutator (Mu)-interrupted zmrs lines, containing no raffinose but hyperaccumulating galactinol, have significantly reduced seed vigor, compared with null segregant controls. Unlike maize, Arabidopsis thaliana seeds contain several RFOs (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose). Manipulation of A. thaliana RFO content by overexpressing ZmGOLS2, ZmRS, or AtSTS demonstrated that co-overexpression of ZmGOLS2 and ZmRS, or overexpression of ZmGOLS2 alone, significantly increased the total content of RFOs and enhanced Arabidopsis seed vigor. Surprisingly, while overexpression of ZmRS increased seed raffinose content, its overexpression dramatically decreased seed vigor and reduced the seed amounts of galactinol, stachyose, and verbascose. In contrast, the atrs5 mutant seeds are similar to those of the wild type with regard to seed vigor and RFO content, except for stachyose, which accumulated in atrs5 seeds. Total RFOs, RFO/sucrose ratio, but not absolute individual RFO amounts, positively correlated with A. thaliana seed vigor, to which stachyose and verbascose contribute more than raffinose. Taken together, these results provide new insights into regulatory mechanisms of seed vigor and reveal distinct requirement for RFOs in modulating seed vigor in a monocot and a dicot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jack Goodman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Pereira Lima JJ, Buitink J, Lalanne D, Rossi RF, Pelletier S, da Silva EAA, Leprince O. Molecular characterization of the acquisition of longevity during seed maturation in soybean. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180282. [PMID: 28700604 PMCID: PMC5507495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed longevity, defined as the ability to remain alive during storage, is an important agronomic factor. Poor longevity negatively impacts seedling establishment and consequently crop yield. This is particularly problematic for soybean as seeds have a short lifespan. While the economic importance of soybean has fueled a large number of transcriptome studies during embryogenesis and seed filling, the mechanisms regulating seed longevity during late maturation remain poorly understood. Here, a detailed physiological and molecular characterization of late seed maturation was performed in soybean to obtain a comprehensive overview of the regulatory genes that are potentially involved in longevity. Longevity appeared at physiological maturity at the end of seed filling before maturation drying and progressively doubled until the seeds reached the dry state. The increase in longevity was associated with the expression of genes encoding protective chaperones such as heat shock proteins and the repression of nuclear and chloroplast genes involved in a range of chloroplast activities, including photosynthesis. An increase in the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO)/sucrose ratio together with changes in RFO metabolism genes was also associated with longevity. A gene co-expression network analysis revealed 27 transcription factors whose expression profiles were highly correlated with longevity. Eight of them were previously identified in the longevity network of Medicago truncatula, including homologues of ERF110, HSF6AB, NFXL1 and members of the DREB2 family. The network also contained several transcription factors associated with auxin and developmental cell fate during flowering, organ growth and differentiation. A transcriptional transition occurred concomitant with seed chlorophyll loss and detachment from the mother plant, suggesting the activation of a post-abscission program. This transition was enriched with AP2/EREBP and WRKY transcription factors and genes associated with growth, germination and post-transcriptional processes, suggesting that this program prepares the seed for the dry quiescent state and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Joice Pereira Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Julia Buitink
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - David Lalanne
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Rubiana Falopa Rossi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | - Olivier Leprince
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
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