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Petřík I, Hladík P, Zhang C, Pěnčík A, Novák O. Spatio-temporal plant hormonomics: from tissue to subcellular resolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5295-5311. [PMID: 38938164 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to technological advances in mass spectrometry, significant progress has been achieved recently in plant hormone research. Nowadays, plant hormonomics is well established as a fully integrated scientific field focused on the analysis of phytohormones, mainly on their isolation, identification, and spatiotemporal quantification in plants. This review represents a comprehensive meta-study of the advances in the phytohormone analysis by mass spectrometry over the past decade. To address current trends and future perspectives, Web of Science data were systematically collected and key features such as mass spectrometry-based analyses were evaluated using multivariate data analysis methods. Our findings showed that plant hormonomics is currently divided into targeted and untargeted approaches. Both aim to miniaturize the sample, allowing high-resolution quantification to be covered in plant organs as well as subcellular compartments. Therefore, we can study plant hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, and signalling at a spatio-temporal resolution. Moreover, this trend has recently been accelerated by technological advances such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting or mass spectrometry imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hladík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Wang Z, Liu T, Wu W, Shi W, Shi J, Mo F, Du C, Wang C, Yang Z. Genome-Wide Identification of the Pectate Lyase Gene Family in Potato and Expression Analysis under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1322. [PMID: 38794393 PMCID: PMC11125077 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Pectin is a structural polysaccharide and a major component of plant cell walls. Pectate lyases are a class of enzymes that degrade demethylated pectin by cleaving the α-1,4-glycosidic bond, and they play an important role in plant growth and development. Currently, little is known about the PL gene family members and their involvement in salt stress in potato. In this study, we utilized bioinformatics to identify members of the potato pectate lyase gene family and analyzed their gene and amino acid sequence characteristics. The results showed that a total of 27 members of the pectate lyase gene family were identified in potato. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that these genes were divided into eight groups. Analysis of their promoters indicated that several members' promoter regions contained a significant number of hormone and stress response elements. Further, we found that several members responded positively to salt treatment under single salt and mixed salt stress. Since StPL18 exhibited a consistent expression pattern under both single and mixed salt stress conditions, its subcellular localization was determined. The results indicated that StPL18 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The results will establish a foundation for analyzing the functions of potato pectate lyase family members and their expression under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongmin Yang
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, China; (Z.W.); (T.L.); (W.W.); (W.S.); (J.S.); (F.M.); (C.D.); (C.W.)
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Lu H, Zheng S, Ma C, Gao X, Ji J, Luo J, Hua H, Cui J. Integrated Omics Analysis Reveals Key Pathways in Cotton Defense against Mirid Bug ( Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev) Feeding. INSECTS 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38667384 PMCID: PMC11049813 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The recent dominance of Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev as the primary cotton field pest in Bt-cotton-cultivated areas has generated significant interest in cotton pest control research. This study addresses the limited understanding of cotton defense mechanisms triggered by A. suturalis feeding. Utilizing LC-QTOF-MS, we analyzed cotton metabolomic changes induced by A. suturalis, and identified 496 differential positive ions (374 upregulated, 122 downregulated) across 11 categories, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, isoflavones, etc. Subsequent iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS analysis of the cotton proteome revealed 1569 differential proteins enriched in 35 metabolic pathways. Integrated metabolome and proteome analysis highlighted significant upregulation of 17 (89%) proteases in the α-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism pathway, concomitant with a significant increase in 14 (88%) associated metabolites. Conversely, 19 (73%) proteases in the fructose and mannose biosynthesis pathway were downregulated, with 7 (27%) upregulated proteases corresponding to the downregulation of 8 pathway-associated metabolites. Expression analysis of key regulators in the ALA pathway, including allene oxidase synthase (AOS), phospholipase A (PLA), allene oxidative cyclase (AOC), and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase3 (OPR3), demonstrated significant responses to A. suturalis feeding. Finally, this study pioneers the exploration of molecular mechanisms in the plant-insect relationship, thereby offering insights into potential novel control strategies against this cotton pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant, Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Green Agricultural Products Safety and Warning Laboratory, Research Center of Soil Resource Comprehensive Utilization and Ecological Environment in Western Inner Mongolia, Hetao College, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Shuaichao Zheng
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Science, Hualan St. 90, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Chao Ma
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Xueke Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jichao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant, Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jinjie Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
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Cao T, Du Q, Ge R, Li R. Genome-wide identification and characterization of FAD family genes in barley. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16812. [PMID: 38436034 PMCID: PMC10909363 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) play pivotal roles in determining plant stress tolerance. Barley is the most salt-tolerant cereal crop. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization analysis of the FAD gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). A total of 24 HvFADs were identified and divided into four subfamilies based on their amino acid sequence similarity. HvFADs unevenly distributed on six of seven barley chromosomes, and three clusters of HvFADs mainly occurred on the chromosome 2, 3 and 6. Segmental duplication events were found to be a main cause for the HvFAD gene family expansion. The same HvFAD subfamily showed the relatively consistent exon-intron composition and conserved motifs of HvFADs. Cis-element analysis in HvFAD promoters indicated that the expression of HvFADs may be subject to complex regulation, especially stress-responsive elements that may involve in saline-alkaline stress response. Combined transcriptomic data with quantitative experiments, at least five HvFADs highly expressed in roots under salt or alkali treatment, suggesting they may participate in saline or alkaline tolerance in barley. This study provides novel and valuable insights for underlying salt/alkali-tolerant mechanisms in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- TingTing Cao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, China
| | - QingWei Du
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - RongChao Ge
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, China
| | - RuiFen Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ding M, Zhou D, Ye Y, Wen S, Zhang X, Tian Q, Zhang X, Mou W, Dang C, Fang Y, Xue D. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Δ9 Desaturase Gene Family under Abiotic Stress in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:113. [PMID: 38203283 PMCID: PMC10778905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) Δ9 desaturase (SAD) is a critical fatty acid dehydrogenase in plants, playing a prominent role in regulating the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and having a significant impact on plant growth and development. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of the SAD family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), identifying 14 HvSADs with the FA_desaturase_2 domain, which were divided into four subgroups based on sequence composition and phylogenetic analysis, with members of the same subgroup possessing similar genes and motif structures. Gene replication analysis suggested that tandem and segmental duplication may be the major reasons for the expansion of the SAD family in barley. The promoters of HvSADs contained various cis-regulatory elements (CREs) related to light, abscisic acid (ABA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). In addition, expression analysis indicated that HvSADs exhibit multiple tissue expression patterns in barley as well as different response characteristics under three abiotic stresses: salt, drought, and cold. Briefly, this evolutionary and expression analysis of HvSADs provides insight into the biological functions of barley, supporting a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of oil biosynthesis and metabolism in plants under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ding
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Danni Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yichen Ye
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Shuting Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Quanxiang Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wangshu Mou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cong Dang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yunxia Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (M.D.); (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (Q.T.); (X.Z.); (W.M.); (C.D.); (Y.F.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Zhang Y, Li H, Wang F, Liu C, Reddy GVP, Li H, Li Z, Sun Y, Zhao Z. Discovery of a new highly pathogenic toxin involved in insect sepsis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0142223. [PMID: 37787562 PMCID: PMC10715044 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01422-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE As a current biocontrol resource, entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacterium can produce many toxin factors to trigger insect sepsis, having the potential to promote sustainable pest management. In this study, we found Steinernema feltiae and Xenorhabdus bovienii were highly virulent against the insects. After infective juvenile injection, Galleria mellonella quickly turned black and softened with increasing esterase activity. Simultaneously, X. bovienii attacked hemocytes and released toxic components, resulting in extensive hemolysis and sepsis. Then, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and found multiple substances were upregulated in the host hemolymph. We found extremely hazardous actinomycin D produced via 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid metabolites. Moreover, a combined transcriptomic analysis revealed that gene expression of proteins associated with actinomycin D was upregulated. Our research revealed actinomycin D might be responsible for the infestation activity of X. bovienii, indicating a new direction for exploring the sepsis mechanism and developing novel biotic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- Department of Entomology, Lousiana State University, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hu Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
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Yang C, Bai Y, Halitschke R, Gase K, Baldwin G, Baldwin IT. Exploring the metabolic basis of growth/defense trade-offs in complex environments with Nicotiana attenuata plants cosilenced in NaMYC2a/b expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:349-366. [PMID: 36636784 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In response to challenges from herbivores and competitors, plants use fitness-limiting resources to produce (auto)toxic defenses. Jasmonate signaling, mediated by MYC2 transcription factors (TF), is thought to reconfigure metabolism to minimize these formal costs of defense and optimize fitness in complex environments. To study the context-dependence of this metabolic reconfiguration, we cosilenced NaMYC2a/b by RNAi in Nicotiana attenuata and phenotyped plants in the field and increasingly realistic glasshouse setups with competitors and mobile herbivores. NaMYC2a/b had normal phytohormonal responses, and higher growth and fitness in herbivore-reduced environments, but were devastated in high herbivore-load environments in the field due to diminished accumulations of specialized metabolites. In setups with competitors and mobile herbivores, irMYC2a/b plants had lower fitness than empty vector (EV) in single-genotype setups but increased fitness in mixed-genotype setups. Correlational analyses of metabolic, resistance, and growth traits revealed the expected defense/growth associations for most sectors of primary and specialized metabolism. Notable exceptions were some HGL-DTGs and phenolamides that differed between single-genotype and mixed-genotype setups, consistent with expectations of a blurred functional trichotomy of metabolites. MYC2 TFs mediate the reconfiguration of primary and specialized metabolic sectors to allow plants to optimize their fitness in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiong Yang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Yuechen Bai
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
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Welling MT, Deseo MA, O’Brien M, Clifton J, Bacic A, Doblin MS. Metabolomic analysis of methyl jasmonate treatment on phytocannabinoid production in Cannabis sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110144. [PMID: 37025140 PMCID: PMC10070988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a multi-use and chemically complex plant which is utilized for food, fiber, and medicine. Plants produce a class of psychoactive and medicinally important specialized metabolites referred to as phytocannabinoids (PCs). The phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a naturally occurring methyl ester of jasmonic acid and a product of oxylipin biosynthesis which initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of a broad range of specialized metabolites across a number of diverse plant lineages. While the effects of exogenous MeJA application on PC production has been reported, treatments have been constrained to a narrow molar range and to the targeted analysis of a small number of compounds. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition, we examined the global metabolomic effects of MeJA in C. sativa to explore oxylipin-mediated regulation of PC biosynthesis and accumulation. A dose-response relationship was observed, with an almost two-fold increase in PC content found in inflorescences of female clones treated with 15 mM MeJA compared to the control group. Comparison of the inflorescence metabolome across MeJA treatments coupled with targeted transcript analysis was used to elucidate key regulatory components contributing to PC production and metabolism more broadly. Revealing these biological signatures improves our understanding of the role of the oxylipin pathway in C. sativa and provides putative molecular targets for the metabolic engineering and optimization of chemical phenotype for medicinal and industrial end-uses.
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhao Z. Metabonomics reveals that entomopathogenic nematodes mediate tryptophan metabolites that kill host insects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042145. [PMID: 36439848 PMCID: PMC9686292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema feltiae, which carries the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus bovienii in its gut, is an important biocontrol agent. This EPN could produce a suite of complex metabolites and toxin proteins and lead to the death of host insects within 24–48 h. However, few studies have been performed on the key biomarkers released by EPNs to kill host insects. The objective of this study was to examine what substances produced by EPNs cause the death of host insects. We found that all densities of nematode suspensions exhibited insecticidal activities after hemocoelic injection into Galleria mellonella larvae. EPN infection 9 h later led to immunosuppression by activating insect esterase activity, but eventually, the host insect darkened and died. Before insect immunity was activated, we applied a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach to determine the hemolymph of the wax moth G. mellonella infected by EPNs. The results indicated that the tryptophan (Trp) pathway of G. mellonella was significantly activated, and the contents of kynurenine (Kyn) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) were markedly increased. Additionally, 3-HAA was highly toxic to G. mellonella and resulted in corrected mortalities of 62.50%. Tryptophan metabolites produced by EPNs are a potential marker to kill insects, opening up a novel line of inquiry into exploring the infestation mechanism of EPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zihua Zhao,
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Zhang Y, Lin Z, Wang L, Guo X, Hao Z, Li Z, Johnston LJ, Dong B. Cooperative Interaction of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids Contained in Activated Charcoal with Herb Extracts, Involving Cholesterol, Bile Acid, and FXR/PXR Activation in Broilers Fed with Mycotoxin-Containing Diets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2200. [PMID: 36358572 PMCID: PMC9686537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The charcoal-herb extract complex (CHC) is a product of activated charcoal sorption of herb extracts that contain phenolic acids and flavonoids. The effective dose of CHC to promote animal growth is about one tenth of effective dosage of activated charcoal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential cooperative interactions between activated charcoal and herb extracts. Two feeding experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, a responsive dose of CHC to broiler growth was determined to be 250 mg/kg of the diet. In Experiment 2, CHC increased growth performance and improved meat quality, but decreased indices of oxidative stress and inflammation as compared with similar doses of activated charcoal or herb extracts. CHC also increased concentrations of serum cholesterol, bile acid in the gallbladder, and bile acid in feces. The herb extracts present in CHC were largely represented by phenolic acids (PAs, caffeic acid, and vanillin) and flavonoids (FVs, daidzein, and quercetin-D-glucoside) in the detoxification activity of CHC in a mouse rescue test when the mice were gavaged with T-2 mycotoxin. PAs and FVs significantly increased the expression of CYP7A1, PXR, CYP3A37, Slco1B3, and Bsep in chicken primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, CHC integrated the cooperative interactions of activated charcoal and herb extracts via the FXR/RXR-PXR pathway to detoxify mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zishen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lee J. Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Jiang H, Shi Y, Liu J, Li Z, Fu D, Wu S, Li M, Yang Z, Shi Y, Lai J, Yang X, Gong Z, Hua J, Yang S. Natural polymorphism of ZmICE1 contributes to amino acid metabolism that impacts cold tolerance in maize. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1176-1190. [PMID: 36241735 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress negatively affects maize (Zea mays L.) growth, development and yield. Metabolic adjustments contribute to the adaptation of maize under cold stress. We show here that the transcription factor INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ZmICE1) plays a prominent role in reprogramming amino acid metabolome and COLD-RESPONSIVE (COR) genes during cold stress in maize. Derivatives of amino acids glutamate/asparagine (Glu/Asn) induce a burst of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which suppress the cold-mediated induction of DEHYDRATION RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ZmDREB1) genes and impair cold tolerance. ZmICE1 blocks this negative regulation of cold tolerance by directly repressing the expression of the key Glu/Asn biosynthesis genes, ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASEs. Moreover, ZmICE1 directly regulates the expression of DREB1s. Natural variation at the ZmICE1 promoter determines the binding affinity of the transcriptional activator ZmMYB39, a positive regulator of cold tolerance in maize, resulting in different degrees of ZmICE1 transcription and cold tolerance across inbred lines. This study thus unravels a mechanism of cold tolerance in maize and provides potential targets for engineering cold-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Diyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hua
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zhao J, Sun Y, Li X, Li Y. CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE5 (CRK5) and CRK22 regulate the response to Verticillium dahliae toxins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:714-731. [PMID: 35674361 PMCID: PMC9434262 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) play critical roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of CRKs in plant defense responses remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that two CRKs, CRK5 and CRK22, are involved in regulating defense responses to Verticillium dahliae toxins (Vd-toxins) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that CRK5 and CRK22 may act upstream of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MPK3) and MPK6 to regulate the salicylic acid (SA)-signaling pathway in response to Vd-toxins. In addition, MPK3 and MPK6 interact with the transcription factor WRKY70 to modulate defense responses to Vd-toxins. WRKY70 directly binds the promoter domains of the SA-signaling-related transcription factor genes TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA2) and TGA6 to regulate their expression in response to Vd-toxins. Thus, our study reveals a mechanism by which CRK5 and CRK22 regulate SA signaling through the MPK3/6-WRKY70-TGA2/6 pathway in response to Vd-toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Dussarrat T, Prigent S, Latorre C, Bernillon S, Flandin A, Díaz FP, Cassan C, Van Delft P, Jacob D, Varala K, Joubes J, Gibon Y, Rolin D, Gutiérrez RA, Pétriacq P. Predictive metabolomics of multiple Atacama plant species unveils a core set of generic metabolites for extreme climate resilience. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1614-1628. [PMID: 35288949 PMCID: PMC9324839 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current crop yield of the best ideotypes is stagnating and threatened by climate change. In this scenario, understanding wild plant adaptations in extreme ecosystems offers an opportunity to learn about new mechanisms for resilience. Previous studies have shown species specificity for metabolites involved in plant adaptation to harsh environments. Here, we combined multispecies ecological metabolomics and machine learning-based generalized linear model predictions to link the metabolome to the plant environment in a set of 24 species belonging to 14 families growing along an altitudinal gradient in the Atacama Desert. Thirty-nine common compounds predicted the plant environment with 79% accuracy, thus establishing the plant metabolome as an excellent integrative predictor of environmental fluctuations. These metabolites were independent of the species and validated both statistically and biologically using an independent dataset from a different sampling year. Thereafter, using multiblock predictive regressions, metabolites were linked to climatic and edaphic stressors such as freezing temperature, water deficit and high solar irradiance. These findings indicate that plants from different evolutionary trajectories use a generic metabolic toolkit to face extreme environments. These core metabolites, also present in agronomic species, provide a unique metabolic goldmine for improving crop performances under abiotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dussarrat
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileFONDAP Center for Genome Regulation and Millenium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)Av Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340SantiagoChile
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Claudio Latorre
- Departamento de EcologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileAv Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340SantiagoChile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB)Las Palmeras3425ÑuñoaSantiagoChile
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Amélie Flandin
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Francisca P. Díaz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileFONDAP Center for Genome Regulation and Millenium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)Av Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340SantiagoChile
| | - Cédric Cassan
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Pierre Van Delft
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRSUniv. Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Daniel Jacob
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Kranthi Varala
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Jérôme Joubes
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRSUniv. Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Yves Gibon
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Dominique Rolin
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileFONDAP Center for Genome Regulation and Millenium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio)Av Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340SantiagoChile
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Univ. BordeauxINRAEUMR1332 BFP, 33882Villenave d'OrnonFrance
- Bordeaux MetabolomeMetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASIS33140Villenave d'OrnonFrance
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Nie G, Zhou J, Jiang Y, He J, Wang Y, Liao Z, Appiah C, Li D, Feng G, Huang L, Wang X, Zhang X. Transcriptome characterization of candidate genes for heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass after exogenous methyl Jasmonate application. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35151272 PMCID: PMC8840555 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays a role in improving plant stress tolerance. The molecular mechanisms associated with heat tolerance mediated by MeJA are not fully understood in perennial grass species. The study was designed to explore transcriptomic mechanisms underlying heat tolerance by exogenous MeJA in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) using RNA-seq. Transcriptomic profiling was performed on plants under normal temperature (CK), high temperature for 12 h (H), MeJA pretreatment (T), MeJA pretreatment + H (T-H), respectively. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that H resulted in the most DEGs and T had the least, compared with CK. Among them, the DEGs related to the response to oxygen-containing compound was higher in CKvsH, while many genes related to photosynthetic system were down-regulated. The DEGs related to plastid components was higher in CKvsT. GO and KEGG analysis showed that exogenous application of MeJA enriched photosynthesis related pathways under heat stress. Exogenous MeJA significantly increased the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism, and decreased the expression of Chl degradation genes, as well as the expression of heat shock transcription factor - heat shock protein (HSF-HSP) network under heat stress. The results indicated that exogenous application of MeJA improved the heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass by mediating expression of genes in different pathways, such as Chl biosynthesis and degradation, antioxidant enzyme system, HSF-HSP network and JAs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Nie
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zongchao Liao
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Charlotte Appiah
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Analyses of Lysin-motif Receptor-like Kinase ( LysM-RLK) Gene Family in Allotetraploid Brassica napus L. and Its Progenitor Species: An In Silico Study. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010037. [PMID: 35011598 PMCID: PMC8750388 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The LysM receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) play a crucial role in plant symbiosis and response to environmental stresses. Brassica napus, B. rapa, and B. oleracea are utilized as valuable vegetables. Different biotic and abiotic stressors affect these crops, resulting in yield losses. Therefore, genome-wide analysis of the LysM-RLK gene family was conducted. From the genome of the examined species, 33 LysM-RLK have been found. The conserved domains of Brassica LysM-RLKs were divided into three groups: LYK, LYP, and LysMn. In the BrassicaLysM-RLK gene family, only segmental duplication has occurred. The Ka/Ks ratio for the duplicated pair of genes was less than one indicating that the genes’ function had not changed over time. The BrassicaLysM-RLKs contain 70 cis-elements, indicating that they are involved in stress response. 39 miRNA molecules were responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of 12 Brassica LysM-RLKs. A total of 22 SSR loci were discovered in 16 Brassica LysM-RLKs. According to RNA-seq data, the highest expression in response to biotic stresses was related to BnLYP6. According to the docking simulations, several residues in the active sites of BnLYP6 are in direct contact with the docked chitin and could be useful in future studies to develop pathogen-resistant B. napus. This research reveals comprehensive information that could lead to the identification of potential genes for Brassica species genetic manipulation.
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Marriboina S, Sharma K, Sengupta D, Yadavalli AD, Sharma RP, Reddy Attipalli R. Evaluation of high salinity tolerance in Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre by a systematic analysis of hormone-metabolic network. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1514-1534. [PMID: 34165187 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress results in significant losses in plant productivity and loss of cultivable lands. Although Pongamia pinnata is reported to be a salt-tolerant semiarid biofuel tree, the adaptive mechanisms to saline environments are elusive. Despite a reduction in carbon exchange rate (CER), the unchanged relative water content provides no visible salinity induced symptoms in leaves of hydroponic cultivated Pongamia seedlings for 8 days. Our Na+ -specific fluorescence results demonstrated that there was an effective apoplastic sodium sequestration in the roots. Salinity stress significantly increased zeatin (~5.5-fold), and jasmonic acid (~3.8-fold) levels in leaves while zeatin (~2.5-fold) content increased in leaves as well as in roots of salt-treated plants. Metabolite analysis suggested that osmolytes such as myo-inositol and mannitol were enhanced by ~12-fold in leaves and roots of salt-treated plants. Additionally, leaves of Pongamia showed a significant enhancement in carbohydrate content, while fatty acids were accumulated in roots under salt stress condition. At the molecular level, salt stress enhanced the expression of genes related to transporters, including the Salt Overly Sensitive 2 gene (SOS2), SOS3, vacuolar-cation/proton exchanger, and vacuolar-proton/ATPase exclusively in leaves, whereas the Sodium Proton Exchanger1 (NHX1), Cation Calcium Exchanger (CCX), and Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel 5 (CNGC5) were up-regulated in roots. Antioxidant gene expression analysis clearly demonstrated that peroxidase levels were significantly enhanced by ~10-fold in leaves, while Catalase and Fe-superoxide Dismutase (Fe-SOD) genes were increased in roots under salt stress. The correlation interaction studies between phytohormones and metabolites revealed new insights into the molecular and metabolic adaptations that confer salinity tolerance to Pongamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debashree Sengupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anurupa Devi Yadavalli
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rameshwar Prasad Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Wu T, Zhong Y, Chen M, Wu B, Wang T, Jiang B, Zhong G. Analysis of CcGASA family members in Citrus clementina (Hort. ex Tan.) by a genome-wide approach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:565. [PMID: 34852791 PMCID: PMC8638133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) proteins were investigated in the study to help understand their possible roles in fruit trees, particularly in Citrus. A total of 18 CcGASA proteins were identified and characterized in Citrus clementina via a genome-wide approach. It was shown that the CcGASA proteins structurally shared a conserved GASA domain but varied considerably in primary sequences and motif compositions. Thus, they could be classified into three major phylogenetic groups, G1~G3, and two groups, G1 and G3 could be further classified into subgroups. The cis- elements on all CcGASA promoters were identified and categorized, and the associated transcription factors were predicted. In addition, the possible interactions between the CcGASA proteins and other proteins were predicted. All the clues suggested that these genes should be involved in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses and in growth and development. The notion was further supported by gene expression analysis that showed these genes were more or less responsive to the treatments of plant hormones (GA3, SA, ABA and IAA), and infections of citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri. It was noted that both the segmental and the tandem duplications had played a role in the expansion of the CcGASA gene family in Citrus. Our results showed that the members of the CcGASA gene family should have structurally and functionally diverged to different degrees, and hence, the representative group members should be individually investigated to dissect their specific roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangyan Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical of Fruit Tree Research, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Song Y, Hanner RH, Meng B. Genome-wide screening of novel RT-qPCR reference genes for study of GLRaV-3 infection in wine grapes and refinement of an RNA isolation protocol for grape berries. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:110. [PMID: 34711253 PMCID: PMC8554853 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine, as an essential fruit crop with high economic values, has been the focus of molecular studies in diverse areas. Two challenges exist in the grapevine research field: (i) the lack of a rapid, user-friendly and effective RNA isolation protocol for mature dark-skinned berries and, (ii) the lack of validated reference genes that are stable for quantification of gene expression across desired experimental conditions. Successful isolation of RNA with sufficient yield and quality is essential for downstream analyses involving nucleic acids. However, ripe berries of dark-skinned grape cultivars are notoriously challenging in RNA isolation due to high contents of polyphenolics, polysaccharides, RNase and water. RESULTS We have optimized an RNA isolation protocol through modulating two factors at the lysis step that could impact results of RNA isolation - 2-ME concentration and berry mass. By finding the optimal combination among the two factors, our refined protocol was highly effective in isolating total RNA with high yield and quality from whole mature berries of an array of dark-skinned wine grape cultivars. Our protocol takes a much shorter time to complete, is highly effective, and eliminates the requirement for hazardous organic solvents. We have also shown that the resulting RNA preps were suitable for multiple downstream analyses, including the detection of viruses and amplification of grapevine genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), gene expression analysis via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), and RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq). By using RNA-Seq data derived from Cabernet Franc, we have identified seven novel reference gene candidates (CYSP, NDUFS8, YLS8, EIF5A2, Gluc, GDT1, and EF-Hand) with stable expression across two tissue types, three developmental stages and status of infection with grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). We evaluated the stability of these candidate genes together with two conventional reference genes (actin and NAD5) using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. We found that the novel reference gene candidates outperformed both actin and NAD5. The three most stable reference genes were CYSP, NDUFS8 and YSL8, whereas actin and NAD5 were among the least stable. We further tested if there would be a difference in RT-qPCR quantification results when the most stable (CYSP) and the least stable (actin and NAD5) genes were used for normalization. We concluded that both actin and NAD5 led to erroneous RT-qPCR results in determining the statistical significance and fold-change values of gene expressional change. CONCLUSIONS We have formulated a rapid, safe and highly effective protocol for isolating RNA from recalcitrant berry tissue of wine grapes. The resulting RNA is of high quality and suitable for RT-qPCR and RNA-Seq. We have identified and validated a set of novel reference genes based on RNA-Seq dataset. We have shown that these new reference genes are superior over actin and NAD5, two of the conventional reference genes commonly used in early studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Robert H Hanner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
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Teng Z, Zheng W, Yu Y, Hong SB, Zhu Z, Zang Y. Effects of BrMYC2/3/4 on Plant Development, Glucosinolate Metabolism, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Resistance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:707054. [PMID: 34539701 PMCID: PMC8446384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.707054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MYC2/3/4, known as a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, directly activate the genes involved in diverse plant development and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. In this study, we identified and cloned five MYC paralogs (BrMYC2/3-1/3-2/4-1/4-2) from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). In-silico analyses for the physicochemical properties suggested that BrMYC2/3-1/3-2/4-2/4-3 are unstable hydrophobic and acidic proteins, while BrMYC4-1 is an unstable hydrophobic and basic protein. BrMYC2/3/4 belong to the bHLH superfamily and are closely related to AthMYC2/3/4 orthologs that mediate the regulation of various secondary metabolites. It was demonstrated that BrMYC2/3/4-GFP fusion protein localized in the nucleus and expression levels of five BrMYC2/3/4 homologous genes all elevated relative to control (Ctrl). When expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of 35S promoter, each of the BrMYC2/3-1/3-2/4-1/4-2 transgenes differentially influenced root and shoot elongation, vegetative phase change, flowering time, plant height and tiller number after flowering, and seed production. Despite the variation of phenotypes between the transgenic lines, all the lines except for BrMYC4-2 exhibited shorter seed length, less seed weight, higher accumulation of glucosinolates (GSs), and resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum than Ctrl. Notably, BrMYC2 overexpression (OE) line significantly reduced the lengths of root and hypocotyl, seed length, and weight, along with faster bolting time and strikingly higher accumulation of total GSs. Accumulation of GSs at the highest levels in the BrMYC2 OE line conferred the highest resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Unlike BrMYC3 OE and BrMYC4 OE , BrMYC2 OE stimulated the growth of plant height after fluorescence. The results of this study point to the BrMYC2 overexpression that may provide a beneficial effect on plant growth and development via plant resistance to the fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Teng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youjian Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Yao X, Zheng Z, Tian Z, Cai X. EkFLS overexpression promotes flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in plant. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1966-1982. [PMID: 33774830 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids with great medicinal value play an important role in plant individual growth and stress resistance. Flavonol synthetase (FLS) is one of the key enzymes to synthesize flavonoids. However, the role of the FLS gene in flavonoid accumulation and tolerance to abiotic stresses, as well as its mechanism has not yet been investigated systematically in plants. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of FLS overexpression on the accumulation of active ingredients and stress resistance in Euphorbia kansui Liou. The results showed that when the EkFLS gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, the accumulation of flavonoids was improved. In addition, when the wild-type and EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis plants were treated with ABA and MeJA, compared with WT Arabidopsis, EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis promoted stomatal aperture to influence photosynthesis of the plants, which in turn can promote stress resistance. Meanwhile, under MeJA, NaCl, and PEG treatment, EkFLS overexpressed in Arabidopsis induced higher accumulation of flavonoids, which significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities that can scavenge reactive oxygen species in cells to protect the plant. These results indicated that EkFLS overexpression is strongly correlated to the increase of flavonoid synthesis and therefore the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, providing a theoretical basis for further improving the quality of medicinal plants and their resistance to abiotic stresses simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheni Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Liu JH, Chen N, Guo YH, Guan XN, Wang J, Wang D, Xiu MH. Metabolomics-based understanding of the olanzapine-induced weight gain in female first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:409-415. [PMID: 34144444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia (SZ) have greater rate of metabolic disorder as compared with the control population, which likely be the consequence of use of atypical antipsychotics. Olanzapine is a widely used antipsychotic, which increases the weight of SZ patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we report the metabolomics-based understanding of the weight gain induced by olanzapine. 57 first-episode drug-naïve patients (FEDN) were recruited, of whom 27 patients completed a 4-week clinical trial. We then profiled the metabolomes of their plasma with the LC-MS-based nontargeted metabolomics approach at the baseline and after olanzapine monotherapy for 4 weeks. We observed that the plasma of the olanzapine-treated patient had significantly higher lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) and lower carnitine as compared with that of the baseline plasma samples. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that the change of LysoPC(14:0) level was an independent contributor to the olanzapine-induced weight gain. Our study suggests that the metabolomics-based approach may facilitate the identification of biomarkers associated with the metabolic disorder causing by antipsychotic in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hong Guo
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Ni Guan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mei Hong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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22
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Ara T, Sakurai N, Takahashi S, Waki N, Suganuma H, Aizawa K, Matsumura Y, Kawada T, Shibata D. TOMATOMET: A metabolome database consists of 7118 accurate mass values detected in mature fruits of 25 tomato cultivars. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00318. [PMID: 33969254 PMCID: PMC8082711 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The total number of low-molecular-weight compounds in the plant kingdom, most of which are secondary metabolites, is hypothesized to be over one million, although only a limited number of plant compounds have been characterized. Untargeted analysis, especially using mass spectrometry (MS), has been useful for understanding the plant metabolome; however, due to the limited availability of authentic compounds for MS-based identification, the identities of most of the ion peaks detected by MS remain unknown. Accurate mass values of peaks obtained by high accuracy mass measurement and, if available, MS/MS fragmentation patterns provide abundant annotation for each peak. Here, we carried out an untargeted analysis of compounds in the mature fruit of 25 tomato cultivars using liquid chromatography-Orbitrap MS for accurate mass measurement, followed by manual curation to construct the metabolome database TOMATOMET (http://metabolites.in/tomato-fruits/). The database contains 7,118 peaks with accurate mass values, in which 1,577 ion peaks are annotated as members of a chemical group. Remarkably, 71% of the mass values are not found in the accurate masses detected previously in Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula or Jatropha curcas, indicating significant chemical diversity among plant species that remains to be solved. Interestingly, substantial chemical diversity exists also among tomato cultivars, indicating that chemical profiling from distinct cultivars contributes towards understanding the metabolome, even in a single organ of a species, and can prioritize some desirable metabolic targets for further applications such as breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ara
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityUjiJapan
| | - Nozomu Sakurai
- Kazusa DNA Research InstituteKisarazuJapan
- National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Shingo Takahashi
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityUjiJapan
- KAGOME CO., LTD.NasushiobaraJapan
| | - Naoko Waki
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityUjiJapan
- KAGOME CO., LTD.NasushiobaraJapan
| | | | | | | | - Teruo Kawada
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityUjiJapan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityUjiJapan
- Kazusa DNA Research InstituteKisarazuJapan
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Bömer M, Pérez‐Salamó I, Florance HV, Salmon D, Dudenhoffer J, Finch P, Cinar A, Smirnoff N, Harvey A, Devoto A. Jasmonates induce Arabidopsis bioactivities selectively inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells through CDC6 and mTOR. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2120-2134. [PMID: 33124043 PMCID: PMC8022592 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are used often in vitro and in vivo in cancer research. The plant hormones jasmonates (JAs) control the synthesis of specialized metabolites through complex regulatory networks. JAs possess selective cytotoxicity in mixed populations of cancer and normal cells. Here, direct incubation of leaf explants from the non-medicinal plant Arabidopsis thaliana with human breast cancer cells, selectively suppresses cancer cell growth. High-throughput LC-MS identified Arabidopsis metabolites. Protein and transcript levels of cell cycle regulators were examined in breast cancer cells. A synergistic effect by methyljasmonate (MeJA) and by compounds upregulated in the metabolome of MeJA-treated Arabidopsis leaves, on the breast cancer cell cycle, is associated with Cell Division Cycle 6 (CDC6), Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Cyclins D1 and D3, indicating that key cell cycle components mediate cell viability reduction. Bioactives such as indoles, quinolines and cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid, in synergy, could act as anticancer compounds. Our work suggests a universal role for MeJA-treatment of Arabidopsis in altering the DNA replication regulator CDC6, supporting conservation, across kingdoms, of cell cycle regulation, through the crosstalk between the mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR and JAs. This study has important implications for the identification of metabolites with anti-cancer bioactivities in plants with no known medicinal pedigree and it will have applications in developing disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bömer
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeME4 4TBUK
| | - Imma Pérez‐Salamó
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
| | - Hannah V. Florance
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Deborah Salmon
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | | | - Paul Finch
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
| | - Aycan Cinar
- Institute of Environment, Health and SocietiesBrunel University LondonKingston LaneUxbridgeUB8 3PHUK
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Amanda Harvey
- Institute of Environment, Health and SocietiesBrunel University LondonKingston LaneUxbridgeUB8 3PHUK
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
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He L, Meng N, Castellarin SD, Wang Y, Sun Q, Li XY, Dong ZG, Tang XP, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Combined Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Norisoprenoid Responses in Grape Berries to Abscisic Acid and Synthetic Auxin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031420. [PMID: 33572582 PMCID: PMC7867017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscisic acid (ABA) increase and auxin decline are both indicators of ripening initiation in grape berry, and norisoprenoid accumulation also starts at around the onset of ripening. However, the relationship between ABA, auxin, and norisoprenoids remains largely unknown, especially at the transcriptome level. To investigate the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the ABA and synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on norisoprenoid production, we performed time-series GC-MS and RNA-seq analyses on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from pre-veraison to ripening. Higher levels of free norisoprenoids were found in ABA-treated mature berries in two consecutive seasons, and both free and total norisoprenoids were significantly increased by NAA in one season. The expression pattern of known norisoprenoid-associated genes in all samples and the up-regulation of specific alternative splicing isoforms of VviDXS and VviCRTISO in NAA-treated berries were predicted to contribute to the norisoprenoid accumulation in ABA and NAA-treated berries. Combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis suggested that VviGATA26, and the previously identified switch genes of myb RADIALIS (VIT_207s0005g02730) and MAD-box (VIT_213s0158g00100) could be potential regulators of norisoprenoid accumulation. The positive effects of ABA on free norisoprenoids and NAA on total norisoprenoid accumulation were revealed in the commercially ripening berries. Since the endogenous ABA and auxin are sensitive to environmental factors, this finding provides new insights to develop viticultural practices for managing norisoprenoids in vineyards in response to changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Dong
- Institute of Pomology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030801, China; (Z.-G.D.); (X.-P.T.)
| | - Xiao-Ping Tang
- Institute of Pomology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030801, China; (Z.-G.D.); (X.-P.T.)
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62736191
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Ma D, Liu B, Ge L, Weng Y, Cao X, Liu F, Mao P, Ma X. Identification and characterization of regulatory pathways involved in early flowering in the new leaves of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:8. [PMID: 33407121 PMCID: PMC7788926 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial legume extensively planted throughout the world as a high nutritive value livestock forage. Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that contributes to the production of alfalfa hay and seeds. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of flowering time regulation in alfalfa are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, an early-flowering alfalfa genotype 80 and a late-flowering alfalfa genotype 195 were characterized for the flowering phenotype. Our analysis revealed that the lower jasmonate (JA) content in new leaves and the downregulation of JA biosynthetic genes (i.e. lipoxygenase, the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase-like protein, and salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase) may play essential roles in the early-flowering phenotype of genotype 80. Further research indicated that genes encode pathogenesis-related proteins [e.g. leucine rich repeat (LRR) family proteins, receptor-like proteins, and toll-interleukin-like receptor (TIR)-nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-LRR class proteins] and members of the signaling receptor kinase family [LRR proteins, kinases domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26) and wheat leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase10 (LRK10)-like kinases] are related to early flowering in alfalfa. Additionally, those involved in secondary metabolism (2-oxoglutarate/Fe (II)-dependent dioxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferase) and the proteasome degradation pathway [really interesting new gene (RING)/U-box superfamily proteins and F-box family proteins] are also related to early flowering in alfalfa. CONCLUSIONS Integrated phenotypical, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, pathogenesis-related genes, signaling receptor kinase family genes, secondary metabolism genes, and proteasome degradation pathway genes are responsible for the early flowering phenotype in alfalfa. This will provide new insights into future studies of flowering time in alfalfa and inform genetic improvement strategies for optimizing this important trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ma
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China/ Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Lingqiao Ge
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yinyin Weng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Maizidian Street, North Nongzhan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100125 China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiqing Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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26
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Luo H, Meng D, Liu H, Xie M, Yin C, Liu F, Dong Z, Jin W. Ectopic Expression of the Transcriptional Regulator silky3 Causes Pleiotropic Meristem and Sex Determination Defects in Maize Inflorescences. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3750-3773. [PMID: 32989171 PMCID: PMC7721320 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is a monoecious plant, in which inflorescence morphogenesis involves complicated molecular regulatory mechanisms. Although many related genes have been cloned, our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying maize inflorescence development remains limited. Here, we identified a maize semi-dominant mutant Silky3 (Si3), which displays pleiotropic defects during inflorescence development, including loss of determinacy and identity in meristems and floral organs, as well as the sexual transformation of tassel florets. We cloned the si3 gene using a map-based approach. Functional analysis reveals that SI3 is a nuclear protein and may act as a transcriptional regulator. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the ectopic expression of si3 strongly represses multiple biological processes, especially the flower development pathways. RNA in situ hybridization similarly shows that the expression patterns of genes responsible for flower development are changed in the Si3 mutant. In addition, the homeostasis of jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid are altered in the Si3 young tassels, and application of exogenous jasmonic acid can rescue the sex reversal phenotype of Si3 The defects we characterized in various regulatory pathways can explain the complex phenotypes of Si3 mutant, and this study deepens our knowledge of maize inflorescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mujiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Hajiahmadi Z, Abedi A, Wei H, Sun W, Ruan H, Zhuge Q, Movahedi A. Identification, evolution, expression, and docking studies of fatty acid desaturase genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:778. [PMID: 33167859 PMCID: PMC7653692 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) introduce a double bond into the fatty acids acyl chain resulting in unsaturated fatty acids that have essential roles in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wheat germ oil, one of the important by-products of wheat, can be a good alternative for edible oils with clinical advantages due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the wheat FAD gene family (TaFADs). Results 68 FAD genes were identified from the wheat genome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, wheat FADs clustered into five subfamilies, including FAB2, FAD2/FAD6, FAD4, DES/SLD, and FAD3/FAD7/FAD8. The TaFADs were distributed on chromosomes 2A-7B with 0 to 10 introns. The Ka/Ks ratio was less than one for most of the duplicated pair genes revealed that the function of the genes had been maintained during the evolution. Several cis-acting elements related to hormones and stresses in the TaFADs promoters indicated the role of these genes in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Likewise, 72 SSRs and 91 miRNAs in 36 and 47 TaFADs have been identified. According to RNA-seq data analysis, the highest expression in all developmental stages and tissues was related to TaFAB2.5, TaFAB2.12, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, TaFAB2.20, TaFAD2.1, TaFAD2.6, and TaFAD2.8 genes while the highest expression in response to temperature stress was related to TaFAD2.6, TaFAD2.8, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, and TaFAB2.20. Furthermore, docking simulations revealed several residues in the active site of TaFAD2.6 and TaFAD2.8 in close contact with the docked oleic acid that could be useful in future site-directed mutagenesis studies to increase the catalytic efficiency of them and subsequently improve agronomic quality and tolerance of wheat against environmental stresses. Conclusions This study provides comprehensive information that can lead to the detection of candidate genes for wheat genetic modification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07199-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajiahmadi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Amin Abedi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Hui Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Gao H, Zhou Q, Yang L, Zhang K, Ma Y, Xu ZQ. Metabolomics analysis identifies metabolites associated with systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10047. [PMID: 33062444 PMCID: PMC7532762 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of plant defense response that provides a long-lasting resistance to broad-spectrum pathogens in uninfected distal tissues following an initial localized infection. However, little information is available at present on the biological basis of SAR at the molecular level, especially in uninfected distal leaves. Methods In the present work, we used two SAR-inducing pathogens, avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 harboring avrRpm1 (Psm avrRpm1) and virulent P. syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (Psm ES4326), to induce SAR in Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify SAR-related metabolites in infected local leaves, and in uninfected distal leaves. Results Differentially accumulated metabolites were distinguished by statistical analyses. The results showed that both the primary metabolism and the secondary metabolism were significantly altered in infected local leaves and in uninfected distal leaves, including phenolic compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, and many other metabolites. Conclusions The content of amino acids and phenolic compounds increased in uninfected distal leaves, suggesting their contribution to the establishment of SAR. In addition, 2′-hydroxy-4, 4′, 6′-trimethoxychalcone, phenylalanine, and p-coumaric acid were identified as potential components which may play important roles both in basic resistance and in SAR. This work provides a reference for understanding of the metabolic mechanism associated with SAR in plants, which will be useful for further investigation of the molecular basis of the systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shanghai Omicsspace Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeye Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Rossi M, Liang X, Zhang H, Zou L, Ong CN. An Integrated Metabolomics Study of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Different Brassicaceae Genera. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080313. [PMID: 32751925 PMCID: PMC7463649 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of plant secondary metabolites that can be hydrolyzed into a variety of breakdown products such as isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and nitriles. These breakdown products can facilitate plant defense and function as attractants to natural enemies of insect pests. As part of the diet, some of these compounds have shown cancer-preventing activities, and the levels of these metabolites in the edible parts of the plants are of interest. In this study, we systematically examined variations in glucosinolates, their precursors, and their breakdown products in 12 commonly consumed vegetables of the Brassicaceae family with gas chromatography—quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-Q-TOF/MS), liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-Q-TOF/MS), and liquid chromatography—triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ/MS), using both untargeted and targeted approaches. The findings were integrated with data from literature to provide a comprehensive map of pathways for biosynthesis of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. The levels of precursor glucosinolates are found to correlate well with their downstream breakdown products. Further, the types and abundances of glucosinolates among different genera are significantly different, and these data allow the classification of plants based on morphological taxonomy. Further validation on three genera, which are grown underground, in damp soil, and above ground, suggests that each genus has its specific biosynthetic pathways and that there are variations in some common glucosinolate biosynthesis pathways. Our methods and results provide a good starting point for further investigations into specific aspects of glucosinolate metabolism in the Brassica vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China;
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Merja Rossi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xu Liang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Harun S, Abdullah-Zawawi MR, Goh HH, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. A Comprehensive Gene Inventory for Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7281-7297. [PMID: 32551569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are plant secondary metabolites comprising sulfur and nitrogen mainly found in plants from the order of Brassicales, such as broccoli, cabbage, and Arabidopsis thaliana. The activated forms of GSL play important roles in fighting against pathogens and have health benefits to humans. The increasing amount of data on A. thaliana generated from various omics technologies can be investigated more deeply in search of new genes or compounds involved in GSL biosynthesis and metabolism. This review describes a comprehensive inventory of A. thaliana GSLs identified from published literature and databases such as KNApSAcK, KEGG, and AraCyc. A total of 113 GSL genes encoding for 23 transcription components, 85 enzymes, and five protein transporters were experimentally characterized in the past two decades. Continuous efforts are still on going to identify all molecules related to the production of GSLs. A manually curated database known as SuCCombase (http://plant-scc.org) was developed to serve as a comprehensive GSL inventory. Realizing lack of information on the regulation of GSL biosynthesis and degradation mechanisms, this review also includes relevant information and their connections with crosstalk among various factors, such as light, sulfur metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism, not only in A. thaliana but also in other crucifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahani Harun
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Li X, He L, An X, Yu K, Meng N, Duan C, Pan QH. VviWRKY40, a WRKY Transcription Factor, Regulates Glycosylated Monoterpenoid Production by VviGT14 in Grape Berry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050485. [PMID: 32365554 PMCID: PMC7290806 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated volatile precursors are important, particularly in wine grape berries, as they contribute to the final aroma in wines by releasing volatile aglycones during yeast fermentation and wine storage. Previous study demonstrated that VviGT14 was functioned as a critical monoterpene glucosyltransferase in grape berry, while the transcriptional regulation mechanism of VviGT14 was still unknown. Here we identified VviWRKY40 as a binding factor of VviGT14 promoter by both DNA pull-down and yeast one-hybrid screening, followed by a series of in vitro verification. VviWRKY40 expression pattern negatively correlated with that of VviGT14 in grape berries. And the suppressor role of VviWRKY40 was further confirmed by using the dual luciferase assay with Arabidopsis protoplast and grape cell suspension system. Furthermore, the grape suspension cell ABA treatment study showed that ABA downregulated VviWRKY40 transcript level but promoted that of VviGT14, indicating that VviWRKY40 was at the downstream of ABA signal transduction network to regulate monoterpenoid glycosylation. These data extend our knowledge of transcriptional regulation of VviGT14, and provide new targets for grape breeding to alter monoterpenoid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohui An
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Keji Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62737136
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Weng Y, Ge L, Jia S, Mao P, Ma X. Cyclophilin AtROC1 S58F confers Arabidopsis cold tolerance by modulating jasmonic acid signaling and antioxidant metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:81-89. [PMID: 32388423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins (CYPs), a class of proteins with a conserved peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain, are widely involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as in the response to abiotic stresses including cold. In our previous study, we identified an Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant ROC1S58F with enhanced cold-tolerance and enhanced expression of jasmonic acid (JA) and oxidative stress responsive genes. Here, we show the underlying molecular mechanisms for the improved cold tolerance observed in the ROC1S58F mutant. Compared to the WT, the ROC1S58F mutant showed an increased survival rates and a reduced level of electrolyte leakage and endogenous JA content under the freezing treatment. Correspondingly, the JA biosynthesis genes (AtAOC1 and AtOPR3) and signaling genes (AtJAZ5, AtJAZ10 and AtMYB15) are down-regulated in the ROC1S58F mutant compared with the WT. Moreover, both the transcripts and activities of the ROS-scavenging enzymes (SOD/POD/MDHAR) increased in cold-stressed ROC1S58F mutant, which might mitigate the ROS-induced oxidative stress and contribute to the mutant freezing tolerance. Taken together, our findings indicate that AtROC1S58F confers Arabidopsis freezing tolerance by modulating JA signaling and antioxidant metabolism jointly. This research thus provides a molecular mechanism for AtROC1S58F-conferred freezing resistance in Arabidopsis and offers guidance for crop breeding towards an improved cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Weng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10093, China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lingqiao Ge
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10093, China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shangang Jia
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10093, China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peisheng Mao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10093, China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiqing Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10093, China; Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Li Y, Qiu L, Zhang Q, Zhuansun X, Li H, Chen X, Krugman T, Sun Q, Xie C. Exogenous sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, a Jasmonic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, induced resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00212. [PMID: 32285024 PMCID: PMC7146025 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important plant hormone associated with plant-pathogen defense. To study the role of JA in plant-fungal interactions, we applied a JA biosynthesis inhibitor, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA), on wheat leaves. Our results showed that application of 10 mM DIECA 0-2 days before inoculation effectively induced resistance to powdery mildew (Bgt) in wheat. Transcriptome analysis identified 364 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DIECA-treated leaves compared with water-treated leaves. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important GO terms and pathways, in particular, response to growth hormones, activity of glutathione metabolism (e.g., glutathione transferase activity), oxalate oxidase, and chitinase activity. Gene annotaion revealed that some pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, such as PR1.1, PR1, PR10, PR4a, Chitinase 8, beta-1,3-glucanase, RPM1, RGA2, and HSP70, were induced by DIECA treatment. DIECA reduced JA and auxin (IAA) levels, while increased brassinosteroid, glutathione, and ROS lesions in wheat leaves, which corroborated with the transcriptional changes. Our results suggest that DIECA can be applied to increase plant immunity and reduce the severity of Bgt disease in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of EvolutionUniversity of Haifa, Mt. CarmelHaifaIsrael
| | - Lina Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiangxi Zhuansun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of EvolutionUniversity of Haifa, Mt. CarmelHaifaIsrael
| | - Qixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Qi J, Zhao X, Li Z. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Arabidopsis Mutant opr3-1 in Response to Exogenous MeJA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020571. [PMID: 31963133 PMCID: PMC7013738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) regulate the defense of biotic and abiotic stresses, growth, development, and many other important biological processes in plants. The comprehensive proteomic profiling of plants under JAs treatment provides insights into the regulation mechanism of JAs. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on the Arabidopsis wild type (Ws) and JA synthesis deficiency mutant opr3-1. The effects of exogenous MeJA treatment on the proteome of opr3-1, which lacks endogenous JAs, were investigated. A total of 3683 proteins were identified and 126 proteins were differentially regulated between different genotypes and treatment groups. The functional classification of these differentially regulated proteins showed that they were involved in metabolic processes, responses to abiotic stress or biotic stress, the defense against pathogens and wounds, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and developmental processes. Exogenous MeJA treatment induced the up-regulation of a large number of defense-related proteins and photosynthesis-related proteins, it also induced the down-regulation of many ribosomal proteins in opr3-1. These results were further verified by a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 15 selected genes. Our research provides the basis for further understanding the molecular mechanism of JAs’ regulation of plant defense, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and development.
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Wang X, Chen X, Zhong L, Zhou X, Tang Y, Liu Y, Li J, Zheng H, Zhan R, Chen L. PatJAZ6 Acts as a Repressor Regulating JA-Induced Biosynthesis of Patchouli Alcohol in Pogostemon Cablin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236038. [PMID: 31801204 PMCID: PMC6928788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins act as negative regulators in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways of plants, and these proteins have been reported to play key roles in plant secondary metabolism mediated by JA. In this study, we firstly isolated one JAZ from P. cablin, PatJAZ6, which was characterized and revealed based on multiple alignments and a phylogenic tree analysis. The result of subcellular localization indicated that the PatJAZ6 protein was located in the nucleus of plant protoplasts. The expression level of PatJAZ6 was significantly induced by the methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Furthermore, by means of yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified two transcription factors that interact with the PatJAZ6, the PatMYC2b1 and PatMYC2b2. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of PatJAZ6 caused a decrease in expression abundance, resulting in a significant increase in the accumulation of patchouli alcohol. Moreover, we overexpressed PatJAZ6 in P. cablin, which down-regulated the patchoulol synthase expression, and then suppressed the biosynthesis of patchouli alcohol. The results demonstrate that PatJAZ6 probably acts as a repressor in the regulation of patchouli alcohol biosynthesis, contributed to a model proposed for the potential JA signaling pathway in P. cablin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhen Chen
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Liting Zhong
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xuanxuan Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yun Tang
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yanting Liu
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Junren Li
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Hai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China;
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Likai Chen
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.W.); (X.C.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +020-3935-8066
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Ge L, Zhang K, Cao X, Weng Y, Liu B, Mao P, Ma X. Sequence characteristics of Medicago truncatula cyclophilin family members and function analysis of MsCYP20-3B involved in axillary shoot development. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:907-919. [PMID: 31741262 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilins (CYPs) belonging to the immunophilin family are present in all organisms and widely distributed in various cells associated with the activity of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase. Plant CYPs are members of a multi-gene family and are involved in a series of biological processes. However, little is known about their structure, evolution, developmental expression and functional analysis in Medicago truncatula. In this study, a total of 33 CYP genes were identified and found to be unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes. Among them, 21 are single-domain and 12 are multi-domain proteins, and most were predicted to be localized in the cytosol, nucleus or chloroplast. Phylogenetic and gene structure analysis revealed seven segmental gene pairs, indicating that segmental duplication probably made a large contribution to the expansion of MtCYP gene family. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that about 10 MtCYP genes (were) highly expressed involved in vegetative and reproduction tissues in M. truncatula, and MsCYP20-3B was mainly upregulated in stems, leaves and flower buds in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Overexpression of MsCYP20-3B was shown to regulate axillary shoot development associated with higher jasmonic acid and abscisic acid contents in M. truncatula. Our study suggests the importance of the CYP genes family in development, reproduction and stress responses, and provides a reference for future studies and application of CYP genes for alfalfa genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Ge
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Weng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiqing Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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37
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Chen M, Guo H, Chen S, Li T, Li M, Rashid A, Xu C, Wang K. Methyl Jasmonate Promotes Phospholipid Remodeling and Jasmonic Acid Signaling To Alleviate Chilling Injury in Peach Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9958-9966. [PMID: 31419123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chilling injury (CI) is a physiological disorder induced by cold, which heavily limit crop production and postharvest preservation worldwide. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can alleviate CI in various fruit species, including peach; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, changes in contents of phenolics, lipids, and jasmonic acid (JA) and gene expressions are compared between MeJA and control fruit. Exogenous MeJA inhibited expressions of PpPAL1, PpPPO1, and PpPOD1/2 but did not affect the phenolic content. Furthermore, MeJA fruit showed lower relative electrolyte leakage, indicating less membrane damage. Meanwhile, the enrichment of linoleic acid in the potential lipid biomarkers, especially phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol, coincided with lower expressions of PpFAD8.1 but higher PpLOX3.1 and JA content. In the JA signaling pathway, MeJA significantly upregulated expressions of PpMYC2.2 and PpCBF3 but downregulated PpMYC2.1. In conclusion, adjustments of fatty acids in phospholipids contribute to MeJA-induced alleviation of CI in peach fruit via induction of the JA-mediated C-repeat-binding factor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Changjie Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology , Zhejiang University , Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
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38
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Xu G, Cao J, Wang X, Chen Q, Jin W, Li Z, Tian F. Evolutionary Metabolomics Identifies Substantial Metabolic Divergence between Maize and Its Wild Ancestor, Teosinte. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1990-2009. [PMID: 31227559 PMCID: PMC6751114 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays subsp mays) was domesticated from its wild ancestor, teosinte (Zea mays subsp parviglumis). Maize's distinct morphology and adaptation to diverse environments required coordinated changes in various metabolic pathways. However, how the metabolome was reshaped since domestication remains poorly understood. Here, we report a comprehensive assessment of divergence in the seedling metabolome between maize and teosinte. In total, 461 metabolites exhibited significant divergence due to selection. Interestingly, teosinte and tropical and temperate maize, representing major stages of maize evolution, targeted distinct sets of metabolites. Alkaloids, terpenoids, and lipids were specifically targeted in the divergence between teosinte and tropical maize, while benzoxazinoids were specifically targeted in the divergence between tropical and temperate maize. To identify genetic factors controlling metabolic divergence, we assayed the seedling metabolome of a large maize-by-teosinte cross population. We show that the recent metabolic divergence between tropical and temperate maize tended to have simpler genetic architecture than the divergence between teosinte and tropical maize. Through integrating transcriptome data, we identified candidate genes contributing to metabolic divergence, many of which were under selection at the nucleotide and transcript levels. Through overexpression or mutant analysis, we verified the roles of Flavanone 3-hydroxylase1, Purple aleurone1, and maize terpene synthase1 in the divergence of their related biosynthesis pathways. Our findings not only provide important insights into domestication-associated changes in the metabolism but also highlight the power of combining omics data for trait dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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39
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Huang S, Li N, Liu C, Li T, Wang W, Jiang L, Li Z, Han D, Tao S, Wang J. Characteristics of the gut microbiota colonization, inflammatory profile, and plasma metabolome in intrauterine growth restricted piglets during the first 12 hours after birth. J Microbiol 2019; 57:748-758. [PMID: 31187413 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes newborns to inflammatory and metabolic disturbance. Disequilibrium of gut microbiota in early life has been implicated in the incidence of inflammation and metabolic diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the difference in gut microbiota colonization, cytokines and plasma metabolome between IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets in early life. At birth, reduced (P < 0.05) body, jejunum, and ileum weights, as well as decreased (P < 0.05) small intestinal villi and increased (P < 0.05) ileal crypt depth were observed in IUGR piglets compared with their NBW counterparts. Imbalanced inflammatory and plasma metabolome profile was observed in IUGR piglets. Furthermore, altered metabolites were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory response. At 12 h after birth and after suckling colostrum, reduced (P < 0.05) postnatal growth and the small intestinal maturation retardation (P < 0.05) continued in IUGR piglets in comparison with those in NBW littermates. Besides, the gut microbiota structure was significantly altered by IUGR. Importantly, the disruption of the inflammatory profile and metabolic status mainly involved the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ) and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, spearman correlation analysis showed that the increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and decreased abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in IUGR piglets was closely associated with the alterations of slaughter weight, intestinal morphology, inflammatory cytokines, and plasma metabolites. Collectively, IUGR significantly impairs small intestine structure, modifies gut microbiota colonization, and disturbs inflammatory and metabolic profiles during the first 12 h after birth. The unbalanced gut microbiota mediated by IUGR contributes to the development of inflammation and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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40
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Wang T, Li X, Yang H, Wang F, Kong J, Qiu D, Li Z. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and chemometric analysis of Pu-erh teas of various origins. Food Chem 2018; 268:271-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Li N, Huang S, Jiang L, Wang W, Li T, Zuo B, Li Z, Wang J. Differences in the Gut Microbiota Establishment and Metabolome Characteristics Between Low- and Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets During Early-Life. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1798. [PMID: 30245669 PMCID: PMC6137259 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-birth-weight (LBW) piglets are at a high-risk for postnatal growth failure, mortality, and metabolic disorders later in life. Early-life microbial exposure is a potentially effective intervention strategy for modulating the health and metabolism of the host. Yet, it has not been well elucidated whether the gut microbiota development in LBW piglets is different from their normal littermates and its possible association with metabolite profiles. In the current study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics was used to investigate differences in the fecal microbiota and metabolites between LBW and normal piglets during early-life, including day 3 (D3), 7 (D7), 14 (D14), 21 (D21, before weaning), and 35 (D35, after birth). Compared to their normal littermates, LBW piglets harbored low proportions of Faecalibacterium on D3, Flavonifractor on D7, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Prevotella on D21, as well as Howardella on D21 and D35. However, the abundance of Campylobacter on D7 and D21, Prevotella on D14 and D35, Oscillibacter and Moryella on D14 and D21, and Bacteroides on D21 was significantly higher in LBW piglets when compared with normal piglets. The results of the metabolomics analysis suggested that LBW significantly affected fecal metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism (e.g., linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid), amino acid metabolism (e.g., valine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid), as well as bile acid biosynthesis (e.g., glycocholic acid, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and chenodeoxycholic acid). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between Campylobacter and N1-acetylspermine on D7, Moryella and linoleic acid on D14, Prevotella and chenodeoxycholic acid on D21, and Howardella and phenylalanine on D35, respectively. Collectively, LBW piglets have a different gut bacterial community structure when compared with normal-birth-weight (NBW) piglets during early-life, especially from 7 to 21 days of age. Also, a distinctive metabolic status in LBW piglets might be partly associated with the altered intestinal microbiota. These findings may further elucidate the factors potentially associated with the impaired growth and development of LBW piglets and facilitate the development of nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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42
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Abstract
Plant oxylipins form a constantly growing group of signaling molecules that comprise oxygenated fatty acids and metabolites derived therefrom. In the last decade, the understanding of biosynthesis, metabolism, and action of oxylipins, especially jasmonates, has dramatically improved. Additional mechanistic insights into the action of enzymes and insights into signaling pathways have been deepened for jasmonates. For other oxylipins, such as the hydroxy fatty acids, individual signaling properties and cross talk between different oxylipins or even with additional phytohormones have recently been described. This review summarizes recent understanding of the biosynthesis, regulation, and function of oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- On leave from Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
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43
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Vik D, Mitarai N, Wulff N, Halkier BA, Burow M. Dynamic Modeling of Indole Glucosinolate Hydrolysis and Its Impact on Auxin Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:550. [PMID: 29755493 PMCID: PMC5932361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants release chemicals to deter attackers. Arabidopsis thaliana relies on multiple defense compounds, including indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (I3G), which upon hydrolysis initiated by myrosinase enzymes releases a multitude of bioactive compounds, among others, indole-3-acetonitrile and indole-3-acetoisothiocyanate. The highly unstable isothiocyanate rapidly reacts with other molecules. One of the products, indole-3-carbinol, was reported to inhibit auxin signaling through binding to the TIR1 auxin receptor. On the contrary, the nitrile product of I3G hydrolysis can be converted by nitrilase enzymes to form the primary auxin molecule, indole-3-acetic acid, which activates TIR1. This suggests that auxin signaling is subject to both antagonistic and protagonistic effects of I3G hydrolysis upon attack. We hypothesize that I3G hydrolysis and auxin signaling form an incoherent feedforward loop and we build a mathematical model to examine the regulatory network dynamics. We use molecular docking to investigate the possible antagonistic properties of different I3G hydrolysis products by competitive binding to the TIR1 receptor. Our simulations reveal an uncoupling of auxin concentration and signaling, and we determine that enzyme activity and antagonist binding affinity are key parameters for this uncoupling. The molecular docking predicts that several I3G hydrolysis products strongly antagonize auxin signaling. By comparing a tissue disrupting attack - e.g., by chewing insects or necrotrophic pathogens that causes rapid release of I3G hydrolysis products - to sustained cell-autonomous I3G hydrolysis, e.g., upon infection by biotrophic pathogens, we find that each scenario gives rise to distinct auxin signaling dynamics. This suggests that plants have different defense versus growth strategies depending on the nature of the attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vik
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Namiko Mitarai
- Center for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Wulff
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Barbara A. Halkier
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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44
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Chiu YC, Juvik JA, Ku KM. Targeted Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of "Red Russian" Kale (Brassicae napus var. pabularia) Following Methyl Jasmonate Treatment and Larval Infestation by the Cabbage Looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1058. [PMID: 29614820 PMCID: PMC5979517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), synthesized in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, has been found to upregulate glucosinolate (GS) biosynthesis in plant species of the Brassicaceae family. Exogenous application of MeJA has shown to increase tissue GS concentrations and the formation of myrosinase-mediated GS hydrolysis products (GSHPs). In vitro and in vivo assays have demonstrated the potential health-promoting effects of certain GSHPs. MeJA is also known to elicit and induce genes associated with defense mechanisms to insect herbivory in Brassica species. To investigate the relationship between MeJA-induced GS biosynthesis and insect defense, three treatments were applied to "Red Russian" kale (Brassicae napus var. pabularia) seedlings: (1) a 250 µM MeJA leaf spray treatment; (2) leaf infestation with larvae of the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)); (3) control treatment (neither larval infestation nor MeJA application). Samples of leaf tissue from the three treatments were then assayed for changes in GS and GSHP concentrations, GS gene biosynthesis expression, and myrosinase activity. Major differences were observed between the three treatments in the levels of GS accumulation and GS gene expression. The insect-damaged samples showed significantly lower aliphatic GS accumulation, while both MeJA and T. ni infestation treatments induced greater accumulation of indolyl GS. The gene expression levels of CYP81F4, MYB34, and MYB122 were significantly upregulated in samples treated with MeJA and insects compared to the control group, which explained the increased indolyl GS concentration. The results suggest that the metabolic changes promoted by MeJA application and the insect herbivory response share common mechanisms of induction. This work provides potentially useful information for kale pest control and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chiu
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - John A Juvik
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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45
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Pan L, Meng C, Wang J, Ma X, Fan X, Yang Z, Zhou M, Zhang X. Integrated omics data of two annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) genotypes reveals core metabolic processes under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:26. [PMID: 29378511 PMCID: PMC5789592 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) is a commercially important, widely distributed forage crop that is used in the production of hay and silage worldwide. Drought has been a severe environmental constraint in its production. Nevertheless, only a handful of studies have examined the impact of short-term drought stress on annual ryegrass. The aim of this study was to explore how stress-induced core metabolic processes enhance drought tolerance, or adaptation to drought, in annual ryegrass. RESULTS We profiled the transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes of two annual ryegrass genotypes: the drought-resistant genotype "Abundant 10" and drought-susceptible genotype "Adrenalin 11." We identified differentially expressed metabolites and their corresponding proteins and transcripts that are involved in 23 core metabolic processes, in response to short-term drought stress. Protein-gene-metabolite correlation networks were built to reveal the relationships between the expression of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites in drought-resistant annual ryegrass. Furthermore, integrated metabolic pathways were used to observe changes in enzymes corresponding with levels of amino acids, lipids, carbohydrate conjugates, nucleosides, alkaloids and their derivatives, and pyridines and their derivatives. The resulting omics data underscored the significance of 23 core metabolic processes on the enhancement of drought tolerance or adaptation to drought in annual ryegrass. CONCLUSIONS The regulatory networks were inferred using MCoA and correlation analysis to reveal the relationships among the expression of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites that highlight the corresponding elements of these core metabolic pathways. Our results provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance, and represent a promising strategy toward the improvement of drought tolerance in annual ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing State Economy & Technology Development Zone, Red Maple Technology Industrial Park, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Peroxisomal plant metabolism - an update on nitric oxide, Ca 2+ and the NADPH recycling network. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.202978. [PMID: 28775155 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are recognized organelles that - with their capacity to generate greater amounts of H2O2 than other subcellular compartments - have a remarkable oxidative metabolism. However, over the last 15 years, new information has shown that plant peroxisomes contain other important molecules and enzymes, including nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite, a NADPH-recycling system, Ca2+ and lipid-derived signals, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and nitro-fatty acid (NO2-FA). This highlights the potential for complex interactions within the peroxisomal nitro-oxidative metabolism, which also affects the status of the cell and consequently its physiological processes. In this review, we provide an update on the peroxisomal interactions between all these molecules. Particular emphasis will be placed on the generation of the free-radical NO, which requires the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin and NADPH redox power. Peroxisomes possess several NADPH regeneration mechanisms, such as those mediated by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) proteins, which are involved in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as that mediated by NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH). The generated NADPH is also an essential cofactor across other peroxisomal pathways, including the antioxidant ascorbate-glutathione cycle and unsaturated fatty acid β-oxidation, the latter being a source of powerful signaling molecules such as JA and NO2-FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
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Li C, Wang P, Menzies NW, Lombi E, Kopittke PM. Effects of changes in leaf properties mediated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on foliar absorption of Zn, Mn and Fe. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:405-415. [PMID: 28641371 PMCID: PMC5591425 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Foliar fertilization to overcome nutritional deficiencies is becoming increasingly widespread. However, the processes of foliar nutrient absorption and translocation are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate how cuticular leaf properties affect the absorption of foliar-applied nutrients in leaf tissues. Methods Given that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can cause alterations in leaf properties, we applied 1 mm MeJA to sunflower (Helianthus annuus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and soybean (Glycine max) to assess changes in leaf properties. Using traditionally analytical approaches and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy, the effects of these changes on the absorption and translocation of foliar-applied Zn, Mn and Fe were examined. Key Results The changes in leaf properties caused by the application of MeJA increased foliar absorption of Zn, Mn and Fe up to 3- to 5-fold in sunflower but decreased it by 0·5- to 0·9-fold in tomato, with no effect in soybean. These changes in the foliar absorption of nutrients could not be explained by changes in overall trichome density, which increased in both sunflower (86%) and tomato (76%) (with no change in soybean). Similarly, the changes could be not attributed to changes in stomatal density or cuticle composition, given that these properties remained constant. Rather, the changes in the foliar absorption of Zn, Mn and Fe were related to the thickness of the cuticle and epidermal cell wall. Finally, the subsequent translocation of the absorbed nutrients within the leaf tissues was limited (<1·3mm) irrespective of treatment. Conclusions The present study highlights the potential importance of the combined thickness of the cuticle and epidermal cell wall in the absorption of foliar-applied nutrients. This information will assist in increasing the efficacy of foliar fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The University of Queensland, Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Neal W Menzies
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Rumen Fluid Metabolomics Analysis Associated with Feed Efficiency on Crossbred Steers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2864. [PMID: 28588266 PMCID: PMC5460109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen has a central role in the efficiency of digestion in ruminants. To identify potential differences in rumen function that lead to differences in average daily gain (ADG), rumen fluid metabolomic analysis by LC-MS and multivariate/univariate statistical analysis were used to identify differences in rumen metabolites. Individual feed intake and body-weight was measured on 144 steers during 105 d on a high concentrate ration. Eight steers with the greatest ADG and 8 steers with the least-ADG with dry matter intake near the population average were selected. Blood and rumen fluid was collected from the 16 steers 26 d before slaughter and at slaughter, respectively. As a result of the metabolomics analysis of rumen fluid, 33 metabolites differed between the ADG groups based on t-test, fold changes and partial least square discriminant analysis. These metabolites were primarily involved in linoleic and alpha-linolenic metabolism (impact-value 1.0 and 0.75, respectively; P < 0.05); both pathways were down-regulated in the greatest-ADG compared with least-ADG group. Ruminal biohydrogenation might be associated with the overall animal production. The fatty acids were quantified in rumen and plasma using targeted MS to validate and evaluate the simple combination of metabolites that effectively predict ADG.
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