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Fernandes K, Bateman PW, Saunders BJ, Gibberd M, Bunce M, Bohmann K, Nevill P. Analysing the effects of distance, taxon and biomass on vertebrate detections using bulk-collected carrion fly iDNA. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231286. [PMID: 38577218 PMCID: PMC10987983 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) metabarcoding from carrion flies is a powerful, non-invasive tool that has value for assessing vertebrate diversity. However, unknowns exist around the factors that influence vertebrate detections, such as spatial limits to iDNA signals or if detections are influenced by taxonomic class or estimated biomass of the vertebrates of interest. Using a bulk-collection method, we captured flies from within a zoo and along transects extending 4 km away from this location. From 920 flies, we detected 28 vertebrate species. Of the 28 detected species, we identified 9 species kept at the zoo, 8 mammals and 1 bird, but no reptiles. iDNA detections were highly geographically localized, and only a few zoo animals were detected outside the zoo setting. However, due to the low number of detections in our dataset, we found no influence of the taxonomic group or the estimated biomass of animals on their detectability. Our data suggest that iDNA detections from bulk-collected carrion flies, at least in urban settings in Australia, are predominantly determined by geographic proximity to the sampling location. This study presents an important step in understanding how iDNA techniques can be used in biodiversity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Fernandes
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Food Agility CRC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales2000, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Philip W. Bateman
- Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
- MBioMe - Mine Site Biomonitoring using eDNA Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Saunders
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Mark Gibberd
- Food Agility CRC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales2000, Australia
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
| | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
- Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Porirua5022, New Zealand
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Nevill
- MBioMe - Mine Site Biomonitoring using eDNA Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia6102, Australia
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2
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Crippen TL, Kim D, Poole TL, Swiger SL, Anderson RC. The bacterial and archaeal communities of flies, manure, lagoons, and troughs at a working dairy. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1327841. [PMID: 38449879 PMCID: PMC10915237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1327841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fundamental investigations into the location, load, and persistence of microbes, whether beneficial or detrimental, are scarce. Many questions about the retention and survival of microbes on various surfaces, as well as the load necessary for spread, exist. To answer these questions, we must know more about where to find various microbes and in what concentrations, the composition of the microbial communities, and the extent of dissemination between various elements. This study investigated the diversity, composition, and relative abundance of the communities associated with manure, lagoons, troughs, house flies, and stable flies present at a dairy, implementing two different free-stall management systems: flow-through and cross-vent. Shotgun metagenomics at the community level was used to compare the microbiomes within the dairy, allowing confident interpretation at the species level. Results The results showed that there were significant difference in microbial composition between not only each of the dairy elements but also management styles. The primary exceptions were the microbiomes of the house fly and the stable fly. Their compositions heavily overlapped with one another, but interestingly, not with the other components sampled. Additionally, both species of flies carried more pathogens than the other elements of the dairy, indicating that they may not share these organisms with the other components, or that the environments offered by the other components are unsatisfactory for the survival of some pathogens.. Conclusion The lack of overlapping pathogen profiles suggests a lack of transfer from flies to other dairy elements. Dairy health data, showing a low incidence of disease, suggests minimal sharing of bacteria by the flies at a level required for infection, given the health program of this dairy. While flies did carry a multitude of pathogenic bacteria, the mere presence of the bacteria associated with the flies did not necessarily translate into high risk leading to morbidity and mortality at this dairy. Thus, using flies as the sole sentinel of dairy health may not be appropriate for all bacterial pathogens or dairies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawni L. Crippen
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Dongmin Kim
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sonja L. Swiger
- Entomology Extension, Texas AgriLife, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
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Mwakasungula S, Rougeron V, Arnathau C, Boundenga L, Miguel E, Boissière A, Jiolle D, Durand P, Msigwa A, Mswata S, Olotu A, Sterkers Y, Roche B, Killeen G, Cerqueira F, Bitome‐Essono PY, Bretagnolle F, Masanja H, Paupy C, Sumaye R, Prugnolle F. Using haematophagous fly blood meals to study the diversity of blood-borne pathogens infecting wild mammals. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2915-2927. [PMID: 35730337 PMCID: PMC9796008 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many emerging infectious diseases originate from wild animals, so there is a profound need for surveillance and monitoring of their pathogens. However, the practical difficulty of sample acquisition from wild animals tends to limit the feasibility and effectiveness of such surveys. Xenosurveillance, using blood-feeding invertebrates to obtain tissue samples from wild animals and then detect their pathogens, is a promising method to do so. Here, we describe the use of tsetse fly blood meals to determine (directly through molecular diagnostic and indirectly through serology), the diversity of circulating blood-borne pathogens (including bacteria, viruses and protozoa) in a natural mammalian community of Tanzania. Molecular analyses of captured tsetse flies (182 pools of flies totalizing 1728 flies) revealed that the blood meals obtained came from 18 different vertebrate species including 16 non-human mammals, representing approximately 25% of the large mammal species present in the study area. Molecular diagnostic demonstrated the presence of different protozoa parasites and bacteria of medical and/or veterinary interest. None of the six virus species searched for by molecular methods were detected but an ELISA test detected antibodies against African swine fever virus among warthogs, indicating that the virus had been circulating in the area. Sampling of blood-feeding insects represents an efficient and practical approach to tracking a diversity of pathogens from multiple mammalian species, directly through molecular diagnostic or indirectly through serology, which could readily expand and enhance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of infectious agents and their interactions with their hosts in wild animal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Mwakasungula
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological SciencesIfakara Health InstituteIfakaraTanzania
| | - Virginie Rougeron
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance,IRL REHABSNelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeSouth Africa
| | - Céline Arnathau
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches de FrancevilleFrancevilleGabon,Department of AnthropologyDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Eve Miguel
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance
| | - Anne Boissière
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance,UMR CIRAD‐INRA ASTRECIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Davy Jiolle
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance
| | - Patrick Durand
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance,IRL REHABSNelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeSouth Africa
| | - Alphonce Msigwa
- Tanzania National ParksBurigi‐Chato National ParkBiharamuloTanzania
| | - Sarah Mswata
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological SciencesIfakara Health InstituteIfakaraTanzania
| | - Ally Olotu
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological SciencesIfakara Health InstituteIfakaraTanzania
| | - Yvon Sterkers
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance
| | - Gerard Killeen
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological SciencesIfakara Health InstituteIfakaraTanzania,School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Frédérique Cerqueira
- Plateforme Génotypage – SéquençageInstitut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHEMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | - Honorati Masanja
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological SciencesIfakara Health InstituteIfakaraTanzania
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance
| | - Robert Sumaye
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological SciencesIfakara Health InstituteIfakaraTanzania
| | - Franck Prugnolle
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier‐CNRS‐IRD)MontpellierFrance,IRL REHABSNelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeSouth Africa
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4
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Stoffolano JG. Synanthropic Flies-A Review Including How They Obtain Nutrients, along with Pathogens, Store Them in the Crop and Mechanisms of Transmission. INSECTS 2022; 13:776. [PMID: 36135477 PMCID: PMC9500719 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to provide a broad review of synanthropic flies and, not just a survey of their involvement in human pathogen transmission. It also emphasizes that the crop organ of calliphorids, sarcophagids, and muscids was an evolutionary development and has served and assisted non-blood feeding flies in obtaining food, as well as pathogens, prior to the origin of humans. Insects are believed to be present on earth about 400 million years ago (MYA). Thus, prior to the origin of primates, there was adequate time for these flies to become associated with various animals and to serve as important transmitters of pathogens associated with them prior to the advent of early hominids and modern humans. Through the process of fly crop regurgitation, numerous pathogens are still readily being made available to primates and other animals. Several studies using invertebrate-derived DNA = iDNA meta-techniques have been able to identify, not only the source the fly had fed on, but also if it had fed on their feces or the animal's body fluids. Since these flies are known to feed on both vertebrate fluids (i.e., from wounds, saliva, mucus, or tears), as well as those of other animals, and their feces, identification of the reservoir host, amplification hosts, and associated pathogens is essential in identifying emerging infectious diseases. New molecular tools, along with a focus on the crop, and what is in it, should provide a better understanding and development of whether these flies are involved in emerging infectious diseases. If so, epidemiological models in the future might be better at predicting future epidemics or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Stoffolano
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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5
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Roundy CM, Hamer SA, Zecca IB, Davila EB, Auckland LD, Tang W, Gavranovic H, Swiger SL, Tomberlin JK, Fischer RSB, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Hamer GL. No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Flies or Cockroaches in Households Where COVID-19 Positive Cases Resided. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1479-1483. [PMID: 35640635 PMCID: PMC9278844 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flies and other arthropods mechanically transmit multiple pathogens and a recent experimental study demonstrated house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), can mechanically transmit SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of mechanical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by domestic insects and their potential as a xenosurveillance tool for detection of the virus. Flies were trapped in homes where at least one confirmed human COVID-19 case(s) resided using sticky and liquid-baited fly traps placed inside and outside the home in the Texas counties of Brazos, Bell, and Montgomery, from June to September 2020. Flies from sticky traps were identified, pooled by taxa, homogenized, and tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Liquid traps were drained, and the collected fluid similarly tested after RNA concentration. We processed the contents of 133 insect traps from 40 homes, which contained over 1,345 individual insects of 11 different Diptera families and Blattodea. These individuals were grouped into 243 pools, and all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Fourteen traps in seven homes were deployed on the day that cat or dog samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by nasal, oral, body, or rectal samples. This study presents evidence that biting and nonbiting flies and cockroaches (Blattodea) are not likely to contribute to mechanical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or be useful in xenosurveillance for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah A Hamer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Italo B Zecca
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Edward B Davila
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lisa D Auckland
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Haley Gavranovic
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sonja L Swiger
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffery K Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rebecca S B Fischer
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory and Regional Reference Laboratory in the Americas (PAHO/WHO), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
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6
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A Review of Non-Invasive Sampling in Wildlife Disease and Health Research: What’s New? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131719. [PMID: 35804619 PMCID: PMC9265025 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interest in wildlife research has increased in the last decades as more scientists work within a One Health framework that regards human, livestock and wildlife health as connected entities. To minimise the impact of research on wildlife, collecting samples with as little disturbance of the animals as possible is important. In our review, we assess the use of so-called non-invasive sampling and summarise which samples can be used successfully when carrying out research on wildlife diseases and health status. Our results show that interest in minimally invasive sampling has steadily increased since the 2010s. Topics able to employ these methods include disease research, but also stress and other hormone assessments, pollution studies, and dietary studies. At the moment, such methods are mainly used to collect samples from land mammals, however, they can also be used in a wide range of other animals. Ever more capable analytical methods will allow for an even wider use of such “animal-friendly” sampling methods. Abstract In the last decades, wildlife diseases and the health status of animal populations have gained increasing attention from the scientific community as part of a One Health framework. Furthermore, the need for non-invasive sampling methods with a minimal impact on wildlife has become paramount in complying with modern ethical standards and regulations, and to collect high-quality and unbiased data. We analysed the publication trends on non-invasive sampling in wildlife health and disease research and offer a comprehensive review on the different samples that can be collected non-invasively. We retrieved 272 articles spanning from 1998 to 2021, with a rapid increase in number from 2010. Thirty-nine percent of the papers were focussed on diseases, 58% on other health-related topics, and 3% on both. Stress and other physiological parameters were the most addressed research topics, followed by viruses, helminths, and bacterial infections. Terrestrial mammals accounted for 75% of all publications, and faeces were the most widely used sample. Our review of the sampling materials and collection methods highlights that, although the use of some types of samples for specific applications is now consolidated, others are perhaps still underutilised and new technologies may offer future opportunities for an even wider use of non-invasively collected samples.
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7
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Testerman T, Beka L, McClure EA, Reichley SR, King S, Welch TJ, Graf J. Detecting Flavobacterial Fish Pathogens in the Environment via High-Throughput Community Analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0209221. [PMID: 34788066 PMCID: PMC8788675 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02092-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by the fish pathogens Flavobacterium columnare and Flavobacterium psychrophilum are major contributors of preventable losses in the aquaculture industry. The persistent and difficult-to-control infections caused by these bacteria make timely intervention and prophylactic elimination of pathogen reservoirs important measures to combat these disease-causing agents. In this study, we present two independent assays for detecting these pathogens in a range of environmental samples. Natural water samples were inoculated with F. columnare and F. psychrophilum over 5 orders of magnitude, and pathogen levels were detected using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and droplet digital PCR. Both detection methods accurately identified pathogen-positive samples and showed good agreement in quantifying each pathogen. Additionally, the real-world application of these approaches was demonstrated using environmental samples collected at a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture facility. These results show that both methods can serve as useful tools for surveillance efforts in aquaculture facilities, where the early detection of these flavobacterial pathogens may direct preventative measures to reduce disease occurrence. IMPORTANCE Early detection of a deadly disease outbreak in a population can be the difference between mass mortality or mitigated effects. In the present study, we evaluated and compared two molecular techniques for detecting economically impactful aquaculture pathogens. We demonstrate that one of these techniques, 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq technology, provides the ability to accurately detect two freshwater fish pathogens, F. columnare and F. psychrophilum, while simultaneously profiling the native microbial community. The second technique, droplet digital PCR, is commonly used for pathogen detection, and the results obtained using the assays we designed with this method served to validate those obtained using the MiSeq method. These two methods offer distinct advantages. The MiSeq method pairs pathogen detection and microbial community profiling to answer immediate and long-term fish health concerns, while the droplet digital PCR method provides fast and highly sensitive detection that is useful for surveillance and rapid clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Testerman
- University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lidia Beka
- University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily Ann McClure
- University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy J. Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service/U.S. Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Joerg Graf
- University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Massey AL, Bronzoni RVDM, da Silva DJF, Allen JM, de Lázari PR, Dos Santos-Filho M, Canale GR, Bernardo CSS, Peres CA, Levi T. Invertebrates for vertebrate biodiversity monitoring: Comparisons using three insect taxa as iDNA samplers. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:962-977. [PMID: 34601818 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) is now widely used to build diversity profiles from DNA that has been shed by species into the environment. There is substantial interest in the expansion of eDNA approaches for improved detection of terrestrial vertebrates using invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) in which hematophagous, sarcophagous, and coprophagous invertebrates sample vertebrate blood, carrion, or faeces. Here, we used metabarcoding and multiple iDNA samplers (carrion flies, sandflies, and mosquitos) collected from 39 forested sites in the southern Amazon to profile gamma and alpha diversity. Our main objectives were to (1) compare diversity found with iDNA to camera trapping, which is the conventional method of vertebrate diversity surveillance; and (2) compare each of the iDNA samplers to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and potential biases associated with each sampler. In total, we collected and analysed 1759 carrion flies, 48,686 sandflies, and 4776 mosquitos. Carrion flies revealed the greatest total vertebrate species richness at the landscape level, despite the least amount of sampling effort and the fewest number of individuals captured for metabarcoding, followed by sandflies. Camera traps had the highest median species richness at the site-level but showed strong bias towards carnivore and ungulate species and missed much of the diversity described by iDNA methods. Mosquitos showed a strong feeding preference for humans as did sandflies for armadillos, thus presenting potential utility to further study related to host-vector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Massey
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer M Allen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Patrick Ricardo de Lázari
- Centro de Estudos de Limnologia e Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Manoel Dos Santos-Filho
- Centro de Estudos de Limnologia e Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Canale
- Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Augusto Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Channumsin M, Ciosi M, Masiga D, Auty H, Turner CM, Kilbride E, Mable BK. Blood meal analysis of tsetse flies ( Glossina pallidipes: Glossinidae) reveals higher host fidelity on wild compared with domestic hosts. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:213. [PMID: 34703903 PMCID: PMC8513123 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16978.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Changes in climate and land use can alter risk of transmission of parasites between domestic hosts and wildlife, particularly when mediated by vectors that can travel between populations. Here we focused on tsetse flies (genus Glossina), the cyclical vectors for both Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT). The aims of this study were to investigate three issues related to G. palldipes from Kenya: 1) the diversity of vertebrate hosts that flies fed on; 2) whether host feeding patterns varied in relation to type of hosts, tsetse feeding behaviour, site or tsetse age and sex; and 3) if there was a relationship between trypanosome detection and host feeding behaviours or host types. Methods: Sources of blood meals of Glossina pallidipes were identified by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and analyzed in relationship with previously determined trypanosome detection in the same flies. Results: In an area dominated by wildlife but with seasonal presence of livestock (Nguruman), 98% of tsetse fed on single wild host species, whereas in an area including a mixture of resident domesticated animals, humans and wildlife (Shimba Hills), 52% of flies fed on more than one host species. Multiple Correspondence Analysis revealed strong correlations between feeding pattern, host type and site but these were resolved along a different dimension than trypanosome status, sex and age of the flies. Conclusions: Our results suggest that individual G. pallidipes in interface areas may show higher feeding success on wild hosts when available but often feed on both wild and domesticated hosts. This illustrates the importance of G. pallidipes as a vector connecting the sylvatic and domestic cycles of African trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manun Channumsin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, 20230, Thailand
| | - Marc Ciosi
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dan Masiga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, P.O. Box 30772, 00100, Kenya
| | - Harriet Auty
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine (BAHCM), University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - C. Michael Turner
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation (III), University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Kilbride
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine (BAHCM), University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Barbara K. Mable
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine (BAHCM), University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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10
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Alfano N, Dayaram A, Axtner J, Tsangaras K, Kampmann M, Mohamed A, Wong ST, Gilbert MTP, Wilting A, Greenwood AD. Non‐invasive surveys of mammalian viruses using environmental DNA. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Alfano
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Anisha Dayaram
- Department of Wildlife Diseases Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universitäts Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität of BerlinInstitut für Neurophysiologie Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Axtner
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
| | - Kyriakos Tsangaras
- Department of Life and Health Sciences University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Marie‐Louise Kampmann
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Section of Forensic Genetics Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Azlan Mohamed
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- WWF‐MalaysiaPJCC Petaling Jaya Malaysia
| | - Seth T. Wong
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
| | - M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- The GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- University MuseumNTNU Trondheim Norway
| | - Andreas Wilting
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
| | - Alex D. Greenwood
- Department of Wildlife Diseases Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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11
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Kimprasit T, Nunome M, Iida K, Murakami Y, Wong ML, Wu CH, Kobayashi R, Hengjan Y, Takemae H, Yonemitsu K, Kuwata R, Shimoda H, Si L, Sohn JH, Asakawa S, Ichiyanagi K, Maeda K, Oh HS, Mizutani T, Kimura J, Iida A, Hondo E. Dispersal history of Miniopterus fuliginosus bats and their associated viruses in east Asia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244006. [PMID: 33444317 PMCID: PMC7808576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the role of the eastern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus) in the dispersion of bat adenovirus and bat alphacoronavirus in east Asia, considering their gene flows and divergence times (based on deep-sequencing data), using bat fecal guano samples. Bats in China moved to Jeju Island and/or Taiwan in the last 20,000 years via the Korean Peninsula and/or Japan. The phylogenies of host mitochondrial D-loop DNA was not significantly congruent with those of bat adenovirus (m2XY = 0.07, p = 0.08), and bat alphacoronavirus (m2XY = 0.48, p = 0.20). We estimate that the first divergence time of bats carrying bat adenovirus in five caves studied (designated as K1, K2, JJ, N2, and F3) occurred approximately 3.17 million years ago. In contrast, the first divergence time of bat adenovirus among bats in the 5 caves was estimated to be approximately 224.32 years ago. The first divergence time of bats in caves CH, JJ, WY, N2, F1, F2, and F3 harboring bat alphacoronavirus was estimated to be 1.59 million years ago. The first divergence time of bat alphacoronavirus among the 7 caves was estimated to be approximately 2,596.92 years ago. The origin of bat adenovirus remains unclear, whereas our findings suggest that bat alphacoronavirus originated in Japan. Surprisingly, bat adenovirus and bat alphacoronavirus appeared to diverge substantially over the last 100 years, even though our gene-flow data indicate that the eastern bent-winged bat serves as an important natural reservoir of both viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachawech Kimprasit
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nunome
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Min-Liang Wong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yupadee Hengjan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Lifan Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Joon-Hyuk Sohn
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susumu Asakawa
- Laboratory of Soil Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ichiyanagi
- Laboratory of Genome and Epigenome Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hong-Shik Oh
- Institute of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Kimura
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Atsuo Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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12
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Patrono LV, Pléh K, Samuni L, Ulrich M, Röthemeier C, Sachse A, Muschter S, Nitsche A, Couacy-Hymann E, Boesch C, Wittig RM, Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz FH. Monkeypox virus emergence in wild chimpanzees reveals distinct clinical outcomes and viral diversity. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:955-965. [PMID: 32341480 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease on the rise across endemic habitats. Despite the growing importance of monkeypox virus, our knowledge on its host spectrum and sylvatic maintenance is limited. Here, we describe the recent repeated emergence of monkeypox virus in a wild, human-habituated western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus, hereafter chimpanzee) population from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Through daily monitoring, we show that further to causing its typical exanthematous syndrome, monkeypox can present itself as a severe respiratory disease without a diffuse rash. By analysing 949 non-invasively collected samples, we identify the circulation of at least two distinct monkeypox virus lineages and document the shedding of infectious particles in faeces and flies, suggesting that they could mediate indirect transmission. We also show that the carnivorous component of the Taï chimpanzees' diet, mainly consisting of the sympatric monkeys they regularly hunt, did not change nor shift towards rodent consumption (the presumed reservoir) before the outbreaks, suggesting that the sudden emergence of monkeypox virus in this population is probably due to changes in the ecology of the virus itself. Using long-term mortality surveillance data from Taï National Park, we provide evidence of little to no prior viral activity over at least two decades. We conclude that great ape sentinel systems devoted to the longitudinal collection of behavioural and health data can help clarify the epidemiology and clinical presentation of zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia V Patrono
- Project Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamilla Pléh
- Project Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Liran Samuni
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Ulrich
- Project Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Röthemeier
- Project Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Sachse
- Project Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Muschter
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens and German Reference Laboratory for Poxviruses (ZBS1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens and German Reference Laboratory for Poxviruses (ZBS1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
- Laboratoire National D'appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville, Ivory Coast
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roman M Wittig
- Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Project Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Hanya G, Morishima K, Koide T, Otani Y, Hongo S, Honda T, Okamura H, Higo Y, Hattori M, Kondo Y, Kurihara Y, Jin S, Otake A, Shiroisihi I, Takakuwa T, Yamamoto H, Suzuki H, Kajimura H, Hayakawa T, Suzuki‐Hashido N, Nakano T. Host selection of hematophagous leeches (
Haemadipsa japonica
): Implications for iDNA studies. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Japan
| | - Kaori Morishima
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Utsunomiya Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Otani
- Center for the Study of Co* Design Osaka University Toyonaka Japan
| | - Shun Hongo
- The Center for African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeaki Honda
- Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Japan
| | - Hiroki Okamura
- Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Japan
| | - Yuma Higo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Masamichi Hattori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Graduate School of Education Gifu University Gifu Japan
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University Osaka Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurihara
- Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Japan
- Center for Education and Research in Field Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Sakura Jin
- Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Japan
| | - Aji Otake
- Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Takakuwa
- Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Japan
| | | | - Hanami Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Hisashi Kajimura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Japan Monkey Centre Inuyama Japan
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14
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Zohdy S, Schwartz TS. Shoo fly don't bother me: Flies track social primates and carry viable anthrax. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4135-4137. [PMID: 31559659 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flies-a small name for an enormous taxonomic group of over 110,000 described species that have unique ecological roles. Nonbiting flies ingest organic material in faecal matter or carrion, which is rich in microbes and nutrients that benefit both adults and their offspring (maggots). These are often referred to as "filth flies" because they are often pests in human settlements and responsible for the spread of enteric pathogens. Filth flies associate with human populations; however, whether this association is simply due to the presence of organic waste produced, or if flies move with social groups remains unknown. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Gogarten et al. (2019) use a unique combination of field methods and molecular tools to show that filth flies (predominantly Muscidae [house flies] and Calliphoridae [blow flies]) associate and move with social nonhuman primate (NHP) groups (mangabeys and chimpanzees) for up to 12 days and over 1 km. Filth flies captured near these groups were found to have pathogen DNA on them from the causative agents of sylvatic anthrax and yaws. Furthermore, the authors were able to show that the anthrax bacteria on the flies was viable. Previous research emphasized sylvatic anthrax as a major conservation threat to wildlife at this field site (Hoffmann et al., 2017), highlighting the significance of filth flies as potential vectors of anthrax. The authors present a suite of methods and approaches that utilize flies to better understand rainforest biodiversity, pathogen transmission potential, and filth fly-host associations. This work represents new directions and opportunities to integrate entomology into field research and exploit the natural history of flies to understand the pathogen landscape and address outstanding questions in ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zohdy
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Tonia S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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15
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Owings CG, Banerjee A, Asher TMD, Gilhooly WP, Tuceryan A, Huffine M, Skaggs CL, Adebowale IM, Manicke NE, Picard CJ. Female Blow Flies As Vertebrate Resource Indicators. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10594. [PMID: 31332240 PMCID: PMC6646386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid vertebrate diversity evaluation is invaluable for monitoring changing ecosystems worldwide. Wild blow flies naturally recover DNA and chemical signatures from animal carcasses and feces. We demonstrate the power of blow flies as biodiversity monitors through sampling of flies in three environments with varying human influences: Indianapolis, IN and two national parks (the Great Smoky Mountains and Yellowstone). Dissected fly guts underwent vertebrate DNA sequencing (12S and 16S rRNA genes) and fecal metabolite screening. Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) was used to determine the most important abiotic factor influencing fly-derived vertebrate richness. In 720 min total sampling time, 28 vertebrate species were identified, with 42% of flies containing vertebrate resources: 23% DNA, 5% feces, and 14% contained both. The species of blow fly used was not important for vertebrate DNA recovery, however the use of female flies versus male flies directly influenced DNA detection. Temperature was statistically relevant across environments in maximizing vertebrate detection (mean = 0.098, sd = 0.048). This method will empower ecologists to test vertebrate community ecology theories previously out of reach due practical challenges associated with traditional sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity G Owings
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Aniruddha Banerjee
- Department of Geography, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 425 University Blvd, Cavanaugh Hall 441, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Travis M D Asher
- Department of Geography, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 425 University Blvd, Cavanaugh Hall 441, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - William P Gilhooly
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, SL 118, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anais Tuceryan
- International School of Indiana, 4330 N Michigan Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USA
| | - Mary Huffine
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christine L Skaggs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford, LD 326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Iyun M Adebowale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford, LD 326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford, LD 326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christine J Picard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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16
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Gilbertson MLJ, Fountain-Jones NM, Craft ME. Incorporating genomic methods into contact networks to reveal new insights into animal behavior and infectious disease dynamics. BEHAVIOUR 2019; 155:759-791. [PMID: 31680698 DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of contact networks has provided opportunities for assessing the dynamic interplay between pathogen transmission and host behavior. Genomic techniques have, in their own right, provided new insight into complex questions in disease ecology, and the increasing accessibility of genomic approaches means more researchers may seek out these tools. The integration of network and genomic approaches provides opportunities to examine the interaction between behavior and pathogen transmission in new ways and with greater resolution. While a number of studies have begun to incorporate both contact network and genomic approaches, a great deal of work has yet to be done to better integrate these techniques. In this review, we give a broad overview of how network and genomic approaches have each been used to address questions regarding the interaction of social behavior and infectious disease, and then discuss current work and future horizons for the merging of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L J Gilbertson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas M Fountain-Jones
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Meggan E Craft
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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17
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Bitome-Essono PY, Ollomo B, Arnathau C, Durand P, Mokoudoum ND, Yacka-Mouele L, Okouga AP, Boundenga L, Mve-Ondo B, Obame-Nkoghe J, Mbehang-Nguema P, Njiokou F, Makanga B, Wattier R, Ayala D, Ayala FJ, Renaud F, Rougeron V, Bretagnolle F, Prugnolle F, Paupy C. Tracking zoonotic pathogens using blood-sucking flies as 'flying syringes'. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28347401 PMCID: PMC5426900 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
About 60% of emerging infectious diseases in humans are of zoonotic origin. Their increasing number requires the development of new methods for early detection and monitoring of infectious agents in wildlife. Here, we investigated whether blood meals from hematophagous flies could be used to identify the infectious agents circulating in wild vertebrates. To this aim, 1230 blood-engorged flies were caught in the forests of Gabon. Identified blood meals (30%) were from 20 vertebrate species including mammals, birds and reptiles. Among them, 9% were infected by different extant malaria parasites among which some belonged to known parasite species, others to new parasite species or to parasite lineages for which only the vector was known. This study demonstrates that using hematophagous flies as ‘flying syringes’ constitutes an interesting approach to investigate blood-borne pathogen diversity in wild vertebrates and could be used as an early detection tool of zoonotic pathogens. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22069.001 About 60% of new infectious diseases in humans come from animals. Their increasing number and rapid spread are linked to increasing levels of contact between humans and wildlife, as recently highlighted by the epidemics of Zika in Brazil or Ebola in West Africa. To anticipate and prevent similar outbreaks in the future, it would be ideal to develop new methods for the early detection and monitoring of infectious diseases in wild animals. Currently, three methods are mainly used to screen wild animals for infectious disease, but these all have limitations. Analyses of bushmeat and game meat only investigate those animals that are eaten by humans. Testing the organs and tissues of trapped animals can be difficult and harmful for both the humans and animals involved. Collecting and examining samples of feces, urine or saliva cannot detect all diseases and can be difficult to do for some species. Bitome-Essono et al. now demonstrate a new method for assessing the diseases carried by wild animals: using blood-sucking flies as 'flying syringes' to collect their blood. During several weeks of sampling in Gabon, Central Africa, Bitome-Essono et al. trapped thousands of these flies, about a third of which were engorged with blood. Analyses of these blood samples revealed that they had come from 20 different species, including birds, mammals and reptiles. Different malaria parasites could also be detected in the blood. Although the study performed by Bitome-Essono et al. only focused on malaria parasites, in the future the technique could be extended to analyze a number of disease-causing microbes – including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and macroparasites – that are found in the blood of wild animals. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22069.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Yannick Bitome-Essono
- Biogéosciences Unit, Équipe Écologie-Évolutive, UMR 6282 CNRS-université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté-EPHE-AgroSup, Dijon, France.,Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,Département de Biologie et Écologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Benjamin Ollomo
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Céline Arnathau
- MIVEGEC Unit, UMR 224-5290 IRD-CNRS-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Durand
- MIVEGEC Unit, UMR 224-5290 IRD-CNRS-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nancy Diamella Mokoudoum
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Lauriane Yacka-Mouele
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Alain-Prince Okouga
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Bertrand Mve-Ondo
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Philippe Mbehang-Nguema
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,Département de Biologie et Écologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Département de Biologie Animale et Physiologie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Écologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Boris Makanga
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,Département de Biologie et Écologie Animale, Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Rémi Wattier
- Biogéosciences Unit, Équipe Écologie-Évolutive, UMR 6282 CNRS-université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté-EPHE-AgroSup, Dijon, France
| | - Diego Ayala
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,MIVEGEC Unit, UMR 224-5290 IRD-CNRS-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francisco J Ayala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Francois Renaud
- MIVEGEC Unit, UMR 224-5290 IRD-CNRS-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Rougeron
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,MIVEGEC Unit, UMR 224-5290 IRD-CNRS-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francois Bretagnolle
- Biogéosciences Unit, Équipe Écologie-Évolutive, UMR 6282 CNRS-université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté-EPHE-AgroSup, Dijon, France
| | - Franck Prugnolle
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,MIVEGEC Unit, UMR 224-5290 IRD-CNRS-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Équipes UBEEP-ESV, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,MIVEGEC Unit, UMR 224-5290 IRD-CNRS-UM, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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