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Kohe SE, Gowing EK, Seo S, Oorschot DE. A Novel Rat Model of ADHD-like Hyperactivity/Impulsivity after Delayed Reward Has Selective Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Right Ventral Tegmental Area. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11252. [PMID: 37511013 PMCID: PMC10379272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hyperactivity and impulsivity occur in response to delayed reward. Herein we report a novel animal model in which male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to repeated hypoxic brain injury during the equivalent of extreme prematurity were ADHD-like hyperactive/impulsive in response to delayed reward and attentive at 3 months of age. Thus, a unique animal model of one of the presentations/subtypes of ADHD was discovered. An additional finding is that the repeated hypoxia rats were not hyperactive in the widely used open field test, which is not ADHD specific. Hence, it is recommended that ADHD-like hyperactivity and ADHD-like impulsivity, specifically in response to delayed reward, be a primary component in the design of future experiments that characterize potential animal models of ADHD, replacing open field testing of hyperactivity. Unknown is whether death and/or activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons contributed to the ADHD-like hyperactivity/impulsivity detected after delayed reward. Hence, we stereologically measured the absolute number of dopaminergic neurons in four midbrain subregions and the average somal/nuclear volume of those neurons. Repeated hypoxia rats had a significant specific loss of dopaminergic neurons in the right ventral tegmental area (VTA) at 2 weeks of age and 18 months of age, providing new evidence of a site of pathology. No dopaminergic neuronal loss occurred in three other midbrain regions. Fewer VTA dopaminergic neurons correlated with increased ADHD-like hyperactivity and impulsivity. Novel early intervention therapies to rescue VTA dopaminergic neurons and potentially prevent ADHD-like hyperactivity/impulsivity can now be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kohe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Emma K Gowing
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Steve Seo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Dorothy E Oorschot
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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2
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Abdelrazik E, Hassan HM, Hamza E, Ezz Elregal FM, Elnagdy MH, Abdulhai EA. Beneficial role of rosemary extract on oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in rotenone-induced attention deficit hyperactivity disease in juvenile rat model. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2023; 94:e2023104. [PMID: 37326266 PMCID: PMC10308472 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i3.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorders that co-exist with cognitive and learning deficits affecting 3-7% of children. We study the role of rosemary in the protection of the prefrontal cortical neurons against rotenone-induced ADHD in juvenile rats. METHODS Twenty-four juvenile rats were divided into four groups (n=6): control group, received olive oil 0.5 ml/kg/day/ I.P. for 4 weeks, rosemary group received rosemary 75 mg/kg/day/ I.P. for 4 weeks, rotenone group received rotenone 1 mg/kg/day/ I.P. dissolved in olive oil for 4 days and combined group received rotenone 1 mg/kg/day/ I.P. for 4 days and rosemary 75 mg/kg/day/ I.P. for 4 weeks. RESULTS Rotenone group showed higher impulsivity with reduction in the recognition index and total locomotor activity. However, combined group showed significant improvement in the recognition index and the total locomotor activity. Neurochemical analysis disclosed that rotenone decreased levels of GSH and significantly increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. The administration of rosemary amended these neurochemical changes. Rotenone caused a significant increase in serum amyloid protein A and C-reactive protein levels indicating a marked state of inflammation. Rosemary ameliorated these biochemical changes. The immunohistochemical expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was decreased in the rotenone group. On the other hand, caspase-3 was increased in the rotenone group. PCR confirmed immunohistochemical results for gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the behavioral, neurochemical, biochemical, immunohistochemical and molecular outcomes suggested that rosemary could fight oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex of rotenone-induced ADHD in juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelrazik
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .
| | - Hend M Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt/ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt..
| | - Farah M Ezz Elregal
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .
| | - Marwa H Elnagdy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt..
| | - Eman A Abdulhai
- Department of Pediatrics (pediatric neurology), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .
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3
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Carreiro C, Reicher V, Kis A, Gácsi M. Owner-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity is associated with sleep efficiency in family dogs: a non-invasive EEG study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1291. [PMID: 36690703 PMCID: PMC9870861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjective sleep disturbances are reported by humans with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, no consistent objective findings related to sleep disturbances led to the removal of sleep problems from ADHD diagnostic criteria. Dogs have been used as a model for human ADHD with questionnaires validated for this purpose. Also, their sleep physiology can be measured by non-invasive methods similarly to humans. In the current study, we recorded spontaneous sleep EEG in family dogs during a laboratory session. We analyzed the association of sleep macrostructure and deep sleep (NREM) slow-wave activity (SWA) with a validated owner-rated ADHD questionnaire, assessing inattention (IA), hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) and total (T) scores. Higher H/I and T were associated with lower sleep efficiency and longer time awake after initial drowsiness and NREM. IA showed no associations with sleep variables. Further, no association was found between ADHD scores and SWA. Our results are in line with human studies in which poor sleep quality reported by ADHD subjects is associated with some objective EEG macrostructural parameters. This suggests that natural variation in dogs' H/I is useful to gain a deeper insight of ADHD neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Carreiro
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Vivien Reicher
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Kis
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Contreras D, Piña R, Carvallo C, Godoy F, Ugarte G, Zeise M, Rozas C, Morales B. Methylphenidate Restores Behavioral and Neuroplasticity Impairments in the Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Mouse Model of ADHD: Evidence for Involvement of AMPA Receptor Subunit Composition and Synaptic Spine Morphology in the Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137099. [PMID: 35806103 PMCID: PMC9266648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In ADHD treatment, methylphenidate (MPH) is the most frequently used medication. The present work provides evidence that MPH restored behavioral impairments and neuroplasticity due to changes in AMPAR subunit composition and distribution, as well as maturation of dendritic spines, in a prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) ADHD mouse model. PNE animals and controls were given a single oral dose of MPH (1 mg/kg), and their behavior was tested for attention, hyperactivity, and working memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced and analyzed at the CA3/CA1 synapse in hippocampal slices taken from the same animals tested behaviorally, measuring fEPSPs and whole-cell patch-clamp EPSCs. By applying crosslinking and Western blots, we estimated the LTP effects on AMPAR subunit composition and distribution. The density and types of dendritic spines were quantified by using the Golgi staining method. MPH completely restored the behavioral impairments of PNE mice. Reduced LTP and AMPA-receptor-mediated EPSCs were also restored. EPSC amplitudes were tightly correlated with numbers of GluA1/GluA1 AMPA receptors at the cell surface. Finally, we found a lower density of dendritic spines in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in PNE mice, with a higher fraction of thin-type immature spines and a lower fraction of mushroom mature spines; the latter effect was also reversed by MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
| | - Ricardo Piña
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Pedagógicas, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Claudia Carvallo
- Centro de investigación e innovación en Gerontología Aplicada (CIGAP), Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Felipe Godoy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
| | - Gonzalo Ugarte
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
| | - Marc Zeise
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (B.M.)
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Zhang P, Fang H, Lou C, Ye S, Shen G, Chen S, Amin N, Botchway BOA, Fang M. Enhanced Glial Reaction and Altered Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase are Implicated in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901093. [PMID: 35800894 PMCID: PMC9255429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a complex etiology, and its specific causal factors remain to be elucidated. Aberration of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inflammation, together with astrocytic and microglial cells have been continually associated with several neurological disorders, including ADHD. Using spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we investigated the changes in nNOS, inflammatory, microglial and astrocytic markers in the frontal cortex and hippocampus at three different ages: onset of hypertension stage (i.e., 6 weeks after birth of SHR), established hypertension stage (i.e., 12 weeks after birth of SHR) and senescent stage (i.e., 12 months after birth of SHR), and compared with its age-matched normotensive control, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. A significant upregulation of Iba-1 expression in the senescent stage of SHR was observed. Further, we observed an upregulated nNOS expression in both onset and established stages of SHR, and a downregulated nNOS in the senescent stage. Our study showed an age-related increment of astrogliosis in the cortex and hippocampi of aged SHR. On the basis of our results, alterations in the nNOS and Iba-1 expressions, as well as age-related astrogliosis, may contribute to ADHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huyue Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjian Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Shan Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Shen
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nashwa Amin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Marong Fang,
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Tanaka M, Spekker E, Szabó Á, Polyák H, Vécsei L. Modelling the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders. Bioactive kynurenines and their analogues as neuroprotective agents-in celebration of 80th birthday of Professor Peter Riederer. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:627-642. [PMID: 35624406 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following introduction of the monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor selegiline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), discovery of the action mechanism of Alzheimer's disease-modifying agent memantine, the role of iron in PD, and the loss of electron transport chain complex I in PD, and development of the concept of clinical neuroprotection, Peter Riederer launched one of the most challenging research project neurodevelopmental aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders. The neurodevelopmental theory holds that a disruption of normal brain development in utero or during early life underlies the subsequent emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms during later life. Indeed, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision categorize autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). More and more evidence, especially from preclinical studies, is revealing that neurodevelopmental pathology is not limited to the diagnostic class above, but also contributes to the development of other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Huntington's disease. Preclinical animal research is taking a lead in understanding the pathomechanisms of NDDs, searching for novel targets, and developing new neuroprotective agents against NDDs. This narrative review discusses emerging evidence of the neurodevelopmental etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, recent advances in modelling neurodevelopmental pathogenesis, potential strategies of clinical neuroprotection using novel kynurenine metabolites and analogues, and future research direction for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
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7
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Quan P, He L, Mao T, Fang Z, Deng Y, Pan Y, Zhang X, Zhao K, Lei H, Detre JA, Kable JW, Rao H. Cerebellum Anatomy Predicts Individual Risk-taking Behavior and Risk Tolerance. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119148. [PMID: 35346839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human risk tolerance is highly idiosyncratic and individuals often show distinctive preferences when faced with similar risky situations. However, the neural underpinnings of individual differences in risk-taking remain unclear. Here we combined structural and perfusion MRI and examined the associations between brain anatomy and individual risk-taking behavior/risk tolerance in a sample of 115 healthy participants during the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, a well-established sequential risky decision paradigm. Both whole brain and region-of-interest analyses showed that the left cerebellum gray matter volume (GMV) has a strong association with individual risk-taking behavior and risk tolerance, outperforming the previously reported associations with the amygdala and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) GMV. Left cerebellum GMV also accounted for risk tolerance and risk-taking behavior changes with aging. However, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) provided no additional predictive power. These findings suggest a novel cerebellar anatomical contribution to individual differences in risk tolerance. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the underestimated important role of cerebellum in risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Quan
- Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisheng He
- SILC Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yao Deng
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Pan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui Lei
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Cognitive deficits and impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation in K ATP-induced DEND syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109721118. [PMID: 34732576 PMCID: PMC8609313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109721118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) gain-of-function (GOF) mutations cause neonatal diabetes, with some individuals exhibiting developmental delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes (DEND) syndrome. Mice expressing KATP-GOF mutations pan-neuronally (nKATP-GOF) demonstrated sensorimotor and cognitive deficits, whereas hippocampus-specific hKATP-GOF mice exhibited mostly learning and memory deficiencies. Both nKATP-GOF and hKATP-GOF mice showed altered neuronal excitability and reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Sulfonylurea therapy, which inhibits KATP, mildly improved sensorimotor but not cognitive deficits in KATP-GOF mice. Mice expressing KATP-GOF mutations in pancreatic β-cells developed severe diabetes but did not show learning and memory deficits, suggesting neuronal KATP-GOF as promoting these features. These findings suggest a possible origin of cognitive dysfunction in DEND and the need for novel drugs to treat neurological features induced by neuronal KATP-GOF.
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Sulkama S, Puurunen J, Salonen M, Mikkola S, Hakanen E, Araujo C, Lohi H. Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:501. [PMID: 34599148 PMCID: PMC8486809 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impairing the quality of life of the affected individuals. The domestic dog can spontaneously manifest high hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention which are components of human ADHD. Therefore, a better understanding of demographic, environmental and behavioural factors influencing canine hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention could benefit both humans and dogs. We collected comprehensive behavioural survey data from over 11,000 Finnish pet dogs and quantified their level of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. We performed generalised linear model analyses to identify factors associated with these behavioural traits. Our results indicated that high levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were more common in dogs that are young, male and spend more time alone at home. Additionally, we showed several breed differences suggesting a substantial genetic basis for these traits. Furthermore, hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention had strong comorbidities with compulsive behaviour, aggressiveness and fearfulness. Multiple of these associations have also been identified in humans, strengthening the role of the dog as an animal model for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Sulkama
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Puurunen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Salonen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Mikkola
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Hakanen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - César Araujo
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
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Low striatal T3 is implicated in inattention and memory impairment in an ADHD mouse model overexpressing thyroid hormone-responsive protein. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1101. [PMID: 34545202 PMCID: PMC8452653 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, potentially with a biological basis; however, its exact cause remains unknown. Thyroid hormone (TH) abnormalities are more prevalent in patients with ADHD than in the general population, indicating a shared pathogenetic mechanism for these conditions. Previously, we identified that overexpression of thyroid hormone-responsive protein (THRSP), a gene highly responsive to TH status, induced inattention in male mice. Herein, we sought to explore whether TH function in THRSP-overexpressing (THRSP OE) mice influences ADHD-like (inattention) behavior. We now confirm that THRSP overexpression in male mice reproduces behavioral features of ADHD, including sustained inattention and memory impairment, accompanied by excessive theta waves that were found normal in both the THRSP-knockout and hetero groups. Physiological characterization revealed low striatal T3 levels in the THRSP OE mice due to reduced striatal T3-specific monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), indicating brain-specific hypothyroidism in this transgenic mouse strain. TH replacement for seven days rescued inattention and memory impairment and the normalization of theta waves. This study further supports the involvement of the upregulated THRSP gene in ADHD pathology and indicates that THRSP OE mice can serve as an animal model for the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD.
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Aoki S, Kaizaki-Mitsumoto A, Hattori N, Numazawa S. Fetal methylphenidate exposure induced ADHD-like phenotypes and decreased Drd2 and Slc6a3 expression levels in mouse offspring. Toxicol Lett 2021; 344:1-10. [PMID: 33647392 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPD) is used as a first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The number of prescriptions for ADHD patients is increasing, suggesting that the number of fertile women using such medication might be also increasing. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of MPD exposure during the fetal period on infant development, behavior, learning, and memory in mice. Expression levels of candidate genes associated with ADHD were also determined in the brain of pups born to MDP-treated dams who were administered MPD orally at a dose of 2.5, 7.5, or 15 mg/kg daily from gestational day 1 to the day before delivery. Offspring aged 6-8 weeks were subjected to the spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus-maze, and passive avoidance tests and therapeutic treatments with MPD or atomoxetine. Fetal MPD exposure induced ADHD-like phenotypes, such as hyperactivity and impulsivity, in mouse offspring, which were suppressed by treatment with MPD and atomoxetine. These mice showed decreased Drd2 and Slc6a3 expression levels in the brain, which are often observed in ADHD model animals. Our results suggest that continuous use of MPD during pregnancy induces ADHD phenotypes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Aoki
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Asuka Kaizaki-Mitsumoto
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Hattori
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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12
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Xie J, Wettschurack K, Yuan C. Review: In vitro Cell Platform for Understanding Developmental Toxicity. Front Genet 2020; 11:623117. [PMID: 33424939 PMCID: PMC7785584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.623117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental toxicity and its affiliation to long-term health, particularly neurodegenerative disease (ND) has attracted significant attentions in recent years. There is, however, a significant gap in current models to track longitudinal changes arising from developmental toxicity. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neuronal culture has allowed for more complex and functionally active in vitro neuronal models. Coupled with recent progress in the detection of ND biomarkers, we are equipped with promising new tools to understand neurotoxicity arising from developmental exposure. This review provides a brief overview of current progress in neuronal culture derived from iPSC and in ND markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Xie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kyle Wettschurack
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chongli Yuan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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13
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Jogamoto T, Utsunomiya R, Sato A, Kihara N, Choudhury ME, Miyanishi K, Kubo M, Nagai M, Nomoto M, Yano H, Shimizu YI, Fukuda M, Ishii E, Eguchi M, Tanaka J. Lister hooded rats as a novel animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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GC-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis and Evaluation of the Effects of HX106, a Nutraceutical, on ADHD-Like Symptoms in Prenatal Alcohol Exposed Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103027. [PMID: 33023237 PMCID: PMC7600704 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in children characterized by inattention and hyperactivity. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can disrupt fetal neuronal development and cause an ADHD-like hyperactive behavior in the offspring. In this study, we hypothesized that metabolic disturbance would involve in ADHD neuropathology and aimed to investigate the changes in metabolite profile in PAE-induced ADHD-like model and the effects of HX106, a nutraceutical, on ADHD-like pathophysiology and metabolite changes. To this end, we administered HX106 to the mouse offspring affected by PAE (OPAE) and assessed the hyperactivity using the open field test. We observed that HX106-treated OPAE showed less hyperactive behavior than vehicle-treated OPAE. The effects of HX106 were found to be related to the regulation of dopamine transporter and D2 dopamine receptor expression. Furthermore, using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we explored the metabolite changes among the experimental groups. The metabolite profile, particularly related with the amino acids, linoleic acid and amino sugar pathways, was altered by PAE and reversed by HX106 treatment partially similar to that observed in the control group. Overall, this study suggest that metabolite alteration would be involved in ADHD pathology and that HX106 can be an efficient supplement to overcome ADHD by regulating dopamine signaling-related protein expression and metabolite changes.
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15
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Post-exposure environment modulates long-term developmental ethanol effects on behavior, neuroanatomy, and cortical oscillations. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147128. [PMID: 32950485 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to ethanol has a wide range of anatomical, cellular, physiological and behavioral impacts that can last throughout life. In humans, this cluster of effects is termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and is highly prevalent in western cultures. The ultimate expression of the effects of developmental ethanol exposure however can be influenced by post-exposure experience. Here we examined the effects of developmental binge exposure to ethanol (postnatal day 7) in C57BL/6By mice on a specific cohort of inter-related long-term outcomes including contextual memory, hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing neuron density, frontal cortex oscillations related to sleep-wake cycling including delta oscillation amplitude and sleep spindle density, and home-cage behavioral activity. When assessed in adults that were raised in standard housing, all of these factors were altered by early ethanol exposure compared to saline controls except home-cage activity. However, exposure to an enriched environment and exercise from weaning to postnatal day 90 reversed most of these ethanol-induced impairments including memory, CA1 but not dentate gyrus PV+ cell density, delta oscillations and sleep spindles, and enhanced home-cage behavioral activity in Saline- but not EtOH-treated mice. The results are discussed in terms of the inter-dependence of diverse developmental ethanol outcomes and potential mechanisms of post-exposure experiences to regulate those outcomes.
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16
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McBurney-Lin J, Sun Y, Tortorelli LS, Nguyen QAT, Haga-Yamanaka S, Yang H. Bidirectional pharmacological perturbations of the noradrenergic system differentially affect tactile detection. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108151. [PMID: 32445638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain neuromodulatory systems heavily influence behavioral and cognitive processes. Previous work has shown that norepinephrine (NE), a classic neuromodulator mainly derived from the locus coeruleus (LC), enhances neuronal responses to sensory stimuli. However, the role of the LC-NE system in modulating perceptual task performance is not well understood. In addition, systemic perturbation of NE signaling has often been proposed to specifically target the LC in functional studies, yet the assumption that localized (specific) and systemic (nonspecific) perturbations of LC-NE have the same behavioral impact remains largely untested. In this study, we trained mice to perform a head-fixed, quantitative tactile detection task, and administered an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist or antagonist to pharmacologically down- or up-regulate LC-NE activity, respectively. We addressed the outstanding question of how bidirectional perturbations of LC-NE activity affect tactile detection, and tested whether localized and systemic drug treatments exert the same behavioral effects. We found that both localized and systemic suppression of LC-NE impaired tactile detection by reducing motivation. Surprisingly, while locally activating LC-NE enabled mice to perform in a near-optimal regime, systemic activation impaired behavior by promoting impulsivity. Our results demonstrate that localized silencing and activation of LC-NE differentially affect tactile detection, and that localized and systemic NE activation induce distinct behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim McBurney-Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yina Sun
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lucas S Tortorelli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Quynh Anh T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sachiko Haga-Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Hongdian Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Gondré-Lewis MC, Bassey R, Blum K. Pre-clinical models of reward deficiency syndrome: A behavioral octopus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:164-188. [PMID: 32360413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with mood disorders or with addiction, impulsivity and some personality disorders can share in common a dysfunction in how the brain perceives reward, where processing of natural endorphins or the response to exogenous dopamine stimulants is impaired. Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is a polygenic trait with implications that suggest cross-talk between different neurological systems that include the known reward pathway, neuroendocrine systems, and motivational systems. In this review we evaluate well-characterized animal models for their construct validity and as potential models for RDS. Animal models used to study substance use disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), early life stress, immune dysregulation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compulsive gambling and compulsive eating disorders are discussed. These disorders recruit underlying reward deficiency mechanisms in multiple brain centers. Because of the widespread and remarkable array of associated/overlapping behavioral manifestations with a common root of hypodopaminergia, the basic endophenotype recognized as RDS is indeed likened to a behavioral octopus. We conclude this review with a look ahead on how these models can be used to investigate potential therapeutics that target the underlying common deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States; Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States.
| | - Rosemary Bassey
- Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States; Department of Science Education, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western University Health Sciences, Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
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18
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Early Life Trauma Has Lifelong Consequences for Sleep And Behavior. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16701. [PMID: 31723235 PMCID: PMC6853921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep quality varies widely across individuals, especially during normal aging, with impaired sleep contributing to deficits in cognition and emotional regulation. Sleep can also be impacted by a variety of adverse events, including childhood adversity. Here we examined how early life adverse events impacted later life sleep structure and physiology using an animal model to test the relationship between early life adversity and sleep quality across the life span. Rat pups were exposed to an Adversity-Scarcity model from postnatal day 8–12, where insufficient bedding for nest building induces maternal maltreatment of pups. Polysomnography and sleep physiology were assessed in weaning, early adult and older adults. Early life adversity induced age-dependent disruptions in sleep and behavior, including lifelong spindle decreases and later life NREM sleep fragmentation. Given the importance of sleep in cognitive and emotional functions, these results highlight an important factor driving variation in sleep, cognition and emotion throughout the lifespan that suggest age-appropriate and trauma informed treatment of sleep problems.
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19
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Chellappa K, Brinkman JA, Mukherjee S, Morrison M, Alotaibi MI, Carbajal KA, Alhadeff AL, Perron IJ, Yao R, Purdy CS, DeFelice DM, Wakai MH, Tomasiewicz J, Lin A, Meyer E, Peng Y, Arriola Apelo SI, Puglielli L, Betley JN, Paschos GK, Baur JA, Lamming DW. Hypothalamic mTORC2 is essential for metabolic health and longevity. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13014. [PMID: 31373126 PMCID: PMC6718533 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that regulates growth and metabolism. mTOR is found in two protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that have distinct components and substrates and are both inhibited by rapamycin, a macrolide drug that robustly extends lifespan in multiple species including worms and mice. Although the beneficial effect of rapamycin on longevity is generally attributed to reduced mTORC1 signaling, disruption of mTORC2 signaling can also influence the longevity of worms, either positively or negatively depending on the temperature and food source. Here, we show that loss of hypothalamic mTORC2 signaling in mice decreases activity level, increases the set point for adiposity, and renders the animals susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Hypothalamic mTORC2 signaling normally increases with age, and mice lacking this pathway display higher fat mass and impaired glucose homeostasis throughout life, become more frail with age, and have decreased overall survival. We conclude that hypothalamic mTORC2 is essential for the normal metabolic health, fitness, and lifespan of mice. Our results have implications for the use of mTORC2-inhibiting pharmaceuticals in the treatment of brain cancer and diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jacqueline A. Brinkman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Mark Morrison
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
| | - Mohammed I. Alotaibi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Kathryn A. Carbajal
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
| | - Amber L. Alhadeff
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Isaac J. Perron
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Rebecca Yao
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Cole S. Purdy
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Denise M. DeFelice
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Matthew H. Wakai
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
| | - Jay Tomasiewicz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Dairy ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Emma Meyer
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Dairy ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Yajing Peng
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- Waisman CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Sebastian I. Arriola Apelo
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Dairy ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- Waisman CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - J. Nicholas Betley
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Georgios K. Paschos
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWIUSA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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20
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Miquel M, Nicola SM, Gil-Miravet I, Guarque-Chabrera J, Sanchez-Hernandez A. A Working Hypothesis for the Role of the Cerebellum in Impulsivity and Compulsivity. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:99. [PMID: 31133834 PMCID: PMC6513968 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence associates cerebellar abnormalities with several neuropsychiatric disorders in which compulsive symptomatology and impulsivity are part of the disease pattern. Symptomatology of autism, addiction, obsessive-compulsive (OCD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders transcends the sphere of motor dysfunction and essentially entails integrative processes under control of prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar loops. Patients with brain lesions affecting the cortico-striatum thalamic circuitry and the cerebellum indeed exhibit compulsive symptoms. Specifically, lesions of the posterior cerebellar vermis cause affective dysregulation and deficits in executive function. These deficits may be due to impairment of one of the main functions of the cerebellum, implementation of forward internal models of the environment. Actions that are independent of internal models may not be guided by predictive relationships or a mental representation of the goal. In this review article, we explain how this deficit might affect executive functions. Additionally, regionalized cerebellar lesions have been demonstrated to impair other brain functions such as the emergence of habits and behavioral inhibition, which are also altered in compulsive disorders. Similar to the infralimbic cortex, clinical studies and research in animal models suggest that the cerebellum is not required for learning goal-directed behaviors, but it is critical for habit formation. Despite this accumulating data, the role of the cerebellum in compulsive symptomatology and impulsivity is still a matter of discussion. Overall, findings point to a modulatory function of the cerebellum in terminating or initiating actions through regulation of the prefrontal cortices. Specifically, the cerebellum may be crucial for restraining ongoing actions when environmental conditions change by adjusting prefrontal activity in response to the new external and internal stimuli, thereby promoting flexible behavioral control. We elaborate on this explanatory framework and propose a working hypothesis for the involvement of the cerebellum in compulsive and impulsive endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Saleem M Nicola
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Isis Gil-Miravet
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Julian Guarque-Chabrera
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aitor Sanchez-Hernandez
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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21
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Vester AI, Chen M, Marsit CJ, Caudle WM. A Neurodevelopmental Model of Combined Pyrethroid and Chronic Stress Exposure. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020024. [PMID: 31052489 PMCID: PMC6630986 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood and previous studies indicate the dopamine system plays a major role in ADHD pathogenesis. Two environmental exposures independently associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and ADHD risk include exposure to deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, and chronic stress. We hypothesized that combined neurodevelopmental exposure to both deltamethrin and corticosterone (CORT), the major stress hormone in rodents, would result in additive changes within the dopamine system. To study this, we developed a novel dual exposure paradigm and exposed pregnant C57BL/6 dams to 3 mg/kg deltamethrin through gestation and weaning, and their offspring to 25 μg/mL CORT dissolved in the drinking water through adulthood. Midbrain RNA expression as well as striatal and cortical protein expression of key dopaminergic components were investigated, in addition to ADHD-like behavioral tasks and electrochemical dopamine dynamics via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Given the well-described sexual dimorphism of ADHD, males and females were assessed separately. Males exposed to deltamethrin had significantly decreased midbrain Pitx3 expression, decreased cortical tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, increased activity in the Y maze, and increased dopamine uptake rate in the dorsal striatum. These effects did not occur in males exposed to CORT only, or in males exposed to both deltamethrin and CORT, suggesting that CORT may attenuate these effects. Additionally, deltamethrin- and CORT-exposed females did not display these dopaminergic features, which indicates these changes are sex-specific. Our results show dopaminergic changes from the RNA through the functional level. Moreover, these data illustrate the importance of testing multiple environmental exposures together to better understand how combined exposures that occur in certain vulnerable populations could affect similar neurodevelopmental systems, as well as the importance of studying sex differences of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée I Vester
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Merry Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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22
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Dela Peña IJI, Botanas CJ, de la Peña JB, Custodio RJ, Dela Peña I, Ryoo ZY, Kim BN, Ryu JH, Kim HJ, Cheong JH. The Atxn7-overexpressing mice showed hyperactivity and impulsivity which were ameliorated by atomoxetine treatment: A possible animal model of the hyperactive-impulsive phenotype of ADHD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:311-319. [PMID: 30125623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by varying levels of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. Patients with ADHD are often classified as (1) predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, (2) predominantly inattentive, and (3) combined type. There is a growing interest in developing specific animal models that would recapitulate specific clinical forms of ADHD, with the goal of developing specific therapeutic strategies. In our previous study, we have identified Ataxin-7 (Atxn7) as a hyperactivity-associated gene. Here, we generated Atxn7 overexpressing (Atxn7 OE) mice to investigate whether the increased Atxn7 expression in the brain correlates with ADHD-like behaviors. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence confirmed overexpression of the Atxn7 gene and protein in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum (STR) of the Atxn7 OE mice. The Atxn7 OE mice displayed hyperactivity and impulsivity, but not inattention. Interestingly, treatment with the ADHD drug, atomoxetine (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), attenuated ADHD-like behaviors and reduced Atxn7 gene expression in the PFC and STR of these mice. These findings suggest that Atxn7 plays a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD, and that the Atxn7 OE mice can be used as an animal model of the hyperactive-impulsive phenotype of this disorder. Although confirmatory studies are warranted, the present study provides valuable information regarding the potential genetic underpinnings of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Joy I Dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Custodio
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ike Dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, CA 92350, USA
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Goncalves TM, Southey BR, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Interplay Between Amphetamine and Activity Level in Gene Networks of the Mouse Striatum. Bioinform Biol Insights 2018; 12:1177932218815152. [PMID: 30559594 PMCID: PMC6291885 DOI: 10.1177/1177932218815152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychostimulant amphetamine can be prescribed to ameliorate the symptoms of narcolepsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and to facilitate weight loss. This stimulant can also have negative effects including toxicity and addiction risk. The impact of amphetamine on gene networks is partially understood and this study addresses this gap in consideration of the physical activity. The striata of mice exposed to either amphetamine or saline treatment were compared in a mouse line selected for home cage physical overactivity, a phenotype that can be mitigated with amphetamine, and in a contemporary control line using RNA-seq. Genes presenting opposite expression patterns between treatments across lines included a pseudogene of coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 gene (Chchd2), ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (Rpph1), short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2), transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (Trpm6), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9 (Tnfrsf9). Genes presenting consistent treatment patterns across lines, albeit at different levels of significance included cholecystokinin (Cck), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (Vip), arginine vasopressin (Avp), oxytocin/neurophysin (Oxt), thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh), neurotensin (Nts), angiotensinogen (Agt), galanin (Gal), prolactin receptor (Prlr), and calcitonin receptor (Calcr). Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 6 (Kcnj6), and retinoic acid-related (RAR)-related orphan receptor alpha (Rora) were similarly differentially expressed between treatments across lines. Functional categories enriched among the genes presenting line-dependent amphetamine effect included genes coding for neuropeptides and associated with memory and neuroplasticity and synaptic signaling, energy, and redox processes. A line-dependent association between amphetamine exposure and the synaptic signaling genes neurogranin (Nrgn) and synaptic membrane exocytosis 1(Rims1) was highlighted in the gene networks. Our findings advance the understanding of molecular players and networks affected by amphetamine in support of the development of activity-targeted therapies that may capitalize on the benefits of this psychostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia M Goncalves
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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24
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Mihali A, Young AG, Adler LA, Halassa MM, Ma WJ. A Low-Level Perceptual Correlate of Behavioral and Clinical Deficits in ADHD. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2018; 2:141-163. [PMID: 30381800 PMCID: PMC6184361 DOI: 10.1162/cpsy_a_00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In many studies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stimulus encoding and processing (perceptual function) and response selection (executive function) have been intertwined. To dissociate deficits in these functions, we introduced a task that parametrically varied low-level stimulus features (orientation and color) for fine-grained analysis of perceptual function. It also required participants to switch their attention between feature dimensions on a trial-by-trial basis, thus taxing executive processes. Furthermore, we used a response paradigm that captured task-irrelevant motor output (TIMO), reflecting failures to use the correct stimulus-response rule. ADHD participants had substantially higher perceptual variability than controls, especially for orientation, as well as higher TIMO. In both ADHD and controls, TIMO was strongly affected by the switch manipulation. Across participants, the perceptual variability parameter was correlated with TIMO, suggesting that perceptual deficits are associated with executive function deficits. Based on perceptual variability alone, we were able to classify participants into ADHD and controls with a mean accuracy of about 77%. Participants' self-reported General Executive Composite score correlated not only with TIMO but also with the perceptual variability parameter. Our results highlight the role of perceptual deficits in ADHD and the usefulness of computational modeling of behavior in dissociating perceptual from executive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Mihali
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allison G. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lenard A. Adler
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael M. Halassa
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Ji Ma
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Sorokina AM, Saul M, Goncalves TM, Gogola JV, Majdak P, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Rhodes JS. Striatal transcriptome of a mouse model of ADHD reveals a pattern of synaptic remodeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201553. [PMID: 30110355 PMCID: PMC6093675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence and high heritability of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), genetic etiology remains elusive. Clinical evidence points in part to reduced function of the striatum, but which specific genes are differentially expressed and how they sculpt striatal physiology to predispose ADHD are not well understood. As an exploratory tool, a polygenic mouse model of ADHD was recently developed through selective breeding for high home cage activity. Relative to the Control line, the High-Active line displays hyperactivity and motor impulsivity which are ameliorated with amphetamine. This study compared gene expression in the striatum between Control and High-Active mice to develop a coherent hypothesis for how genes might affect striatal physiology and predispose ADHD-like symptoms. To this end, striatal transcriptomes of High-Active and Control mice were analyzed after mice were treated with saline or amphetamines. The pseudogene Gm6180 for n-cofilin (Cfl1) displayed 20-fold higher expression in High-Active mice corresponding with reduced Cfl1 expression suggesting synaptic actin dysregulation. Latrophilin 3 (Lphn3), which is associated with ADHD in human populations and is involved in synapse structure, and its ligand fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 3 (Flrt3), were downregulated in High-Active mice. Multiple genes were altered in High-Active mice in a manner predicted to downregulate the canonical Wnt pathway. A smaller and different set of genes including glyoxalase (Glo1) were differentially regulated in High-Active as compared to Control in response to amphetamine. Together, results suggest genes involved in excitatory synapse regulation and maintenance are downregulated in ADHD-like mice. Consistent with the molecular prediction, stereological analysis of the striatum from a separate set of mice processed for imunohistochemical detection of synaptophysin revealed approximately a 46% reduction in synaptophysin immunoreactivity in High-Active relative to Control. Results provide a new set of molecular targets related to synapse maintenance for the next generation of ADHD medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia M. Sorokina
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Saul
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tassia M. Goncalves
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph V. Gogola
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Petra Majdak
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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26
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Hyperactive behavior in female rats in utero-exposed to group B Streptococcus-induced inflammation. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 69:17-22. [PMID: 29920305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one the most common bacterium responsible of maternal infections during pregnancy. Offspring in utero-exposed to GBS-induced placental inflammation displayed sex-specific forebrain injuries. Sex differences have been reported in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, we hypothesized that female rats in utero-exposed to GBS may present sex-specific neurobehavioral impairments. Lewis rats were injected intraperitoneally every 12 h from gestational day (G) 19 to G22 with either saline (controls) or inactivated serotype Ia GBS (109 CFU). Before puberty, no difference in terms of spontaneous motor activity, exploratory or anxiety-related behaviors was noticed between experimental conditions. During puberty, GBS-exposed females - but not males - performed worse than same-sex controls in a forced motor task. During adulthood, GBS-exposed females - but not males - displayed increased spontaneous locomotor activity and decreased inhibition. In conclusion, our findings show for the first time that adult females - but not males - in utero-exposed to GBS-induced inflammation presented a hyperactive and disinhibited phenotype emerging after puberty.
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27
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Rostosky CM, Milosevic I. Gait Analysis of Age-dependent Motor Impairments in Mice with Neurodegeneration. J Vis Exp 2018:57752. [PMID: 29985360 PMCID: PMC6101764 DOI: 10.3791/57752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor behavior tests are commonly used to determine the functional relevance of a rodent model and to test newly developed treatments in these animals. Specifically, gait analysis allows recapturing disease relevant phenotypes that are observed in human patients, especially in neurodegenerative diseases that affect motor abilities such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In early studies along this line, the measurement of gait parameters was laborious and depended on factors that were hard to control (e.g., running speed, continuous running). The development of ventral plane imaging (VPI) systems made it feasible to perform gait analysis at a large scale, making this method a useful tool for the assessment of motor behavior in rodents. Here, we present an in-depth protocol of how to use kinematic gait analysis to examine the age-dependent progression of motor deficits in mouse models of neurodegeneration; mouse lines with decreased levels of endophilin, in which neurodegenerative damage progressively increases with age, are used as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ira Milosevic
- European Neuroscience Institute (ENI); University Medical Center Göttigen (UMG);
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28
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Sumitomo A, Saka A, Ueta K, Horike K, Hirai K, Gamo NJ, Hikida T, Nakayama KI, Sawa A, Sakurai T, Tomoda T. Methylphenidate and Guanfacine Ameliorate ADHD-Like Phenotypes in Fez1-Deficient Mice. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 3:223-233. [PMID: 29888233 DOI: 10.1159/000488081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that, while prevalent, has a stagnant track record for advances in treatment. The limited availability of animal models with appropriate face and predictive validities has hampered progress in developing novel neurobiological hypotheses and testing new therapeutic options for this condition. Here, we report that mice deficient in Fez1, a gene specifically expressed in the nervous system with documented functions in neurodevelopment, show hyperactivity and impulsivity phenotypes, which are ameliorated by administering methylphenidate (MPH) or guanfacine (GFC), two pharmacological agents used for ADHD treatment. Fez1-knockout (KO) mice show reduced expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the midbrain and the brain stem and have reduced levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, or their metabolites in both the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. These neurochemical changes in Fez1-KO mice were normalized by MPH or GFC. We propose that Fez1-KO mice can be used as a model to evaluate the role of altered neurodevelopment in the manifestation of ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes, as well as to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of existing and new pharmacotherapeutic agents for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sumitomo
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Saka
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisho Ueta
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouta Horike
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hirai
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao J Gamo
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoda
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Bruchhage MMK, Bucci MP, Becker EBE. Cerebellar involvement in autism and ADHD. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 155:61-72. [PMID: 29891077 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64189-2.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum has long been known for its importance in motor learning and coordination. However, increasing evidence supports a role for the cerebellum in cognition and emotion. Consistent with a role in cognitive functions, the cerebellum has emerged as one of the key brain regions affected in nonmotor disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Here, we discuss behavioral, postmortem, genetic, and neuroimaging studies in humans in order to understand the cerebellar contributions to the pathogenesis of both disorders. We also review relevant animal model findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel M K Bruchhage
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Pia Bucci
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Esther B E Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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