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Sun T, Guo Y, Su Y, Shan S, Qian W, Zhang F, Li M, Zhang Z. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy: A narrative review. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1240-1253. [PMID: 38946126 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the predominant secondary nephropathy resulting in global end-stage renal disease. It is attracting significant attention in both domestic and international research due to its widespread occurrence, fast advancement, and limited choices for prevention and treatment. The pathophysiology of this condition is intricate and involves multiple molecular and cellular pathways at various levels. This article provides a concise overview of the molecular processes involved in the development of DN. It discusses various factors, such as signaling pathways, cytokines, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cellular damage, autophagy, and epigenetics. The aim is to offer clinicians a valuable reference for DN's diagnosis, treatment, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yina Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanting Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Shigang Shan
- School of Public Health and Nursing, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Feixue Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Zhang W, Liu XH, Zhou JT, Cheng C, Xu J, Yu J, Li X. Apolipoprotein A-IV restrains fat accumulation in skeletal and myocardial muscles by inhibiting lipogenesis and activating PI3K-AKT signalling. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:491-501. [PMID: 36594510 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2163261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the pathological characteristics of obesity is fat accumulation of skeletal muscles (SKM) and the myocardium, involving mechanisms of insulin resistance and abnormal lipid metabolism. Apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) is an essential gene in both glucose and lipid metabolisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese apoA-IV-knockout mice and subsequent introduction of exogenous recombinant-ApoA-IV protein and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-transformed apoA-IV, we examined lipid metabolism indicators of SKM and the myocardium, which include triglyceride (TG) content, RT-PCR for lipogenic indicators and western blotting for AKT phosphorylation. Similarly, we used high-glucose-fed or palmitate (Pal)-induced C2C12 cells co-cultured with ApoA-IV protein to evaluate glucose uptake, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway, and lipid metabolisms. RESULTS In stable obese animal models, we find ApoA-IV-knockout mice show elevated TG content, enhanced expression of lipogenic enzymes and diminished phosphorylated AKT in SKM and the myocardium, but both stable hepatic expression of AAV-apoA-IV and brief ApoA-IV protein administration suppress lipogenesis and promote AKT phosphorylation. In a myoblast cell line C2C12, ApoA-IV protein suppresses Pal-induced lipid accumulation and lipogenesis but enhances AKT activation and glucose uptake, and the effect is abolished by a PI3K inhibitor. CONCLUSION We find that ApoA-IV reduces fat accumulation by suppressing lipogenesis and improves glucose uptake in SKM and the myocardium by regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin-Ting Zhou
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Yu
- OneHealth Technology Company, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Vo N, Zhang Q, Sung HK. From fasting to fat reshaping: exploring the molecular pathways of intermittent fasting-induced adipose tissue remodeling. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13062. [PMID: 39104461 PMCID: PMC11298356 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, characterised by excessive fat accumulation, is a complex chronic condition that results from dysfunctional adipose tissue expansion due to prolonged calorie surplus. This leads to rapid adipocyte enlargement that exceeds the support capacity of the surrounding neurovascular network, resulting in increased hypoxia, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary regimen that cycles between periods of fasting and eating, has emerged as an effective strategy to combat obesity and improve metabolic homeostasis by promoting healthy adipose tissue remodeling. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the metabolic improvements and remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT) driven by IF remain elusive. This review aims to summarise and discuss the relationship between IF and adipose tissue remodeling and explore the potential mechanisms through which IF induces alterations in WAT. This includes several key structural changes, including angiogenesis and sympathetic innervation of WAT. We will also discuss the involvement of key signalling pathways, such as PI3K, SIRT, mTOR, and AMPK, which potentially play a crucial role in IF-mediated metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Vo
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tan MS, Cheah PL, Chin AV, Looi LM, Chang SW. A multi-ethnic proteomic profiling analysis in Alzheimer's disease identifies the disparities in dysregulation of proteins and pathogenesis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17643. [PMID: 39035156 PMCID: PMC11260413 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects the elderly population. Lately, blood-based proteomics have been intensively sought in the discovery of AD biomarkers studies due to the capability to link external environmental factors with the development of AD. Demographic differences have been shown to affect the expression of the proteins in different populations which play a vital role in the degeneration of cognitive function. Method In this study, a proteomic study focused on Malaysian Chinese and Malay prospects was conducted. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in AD patients and normal controls for Chinese and Malays were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to further interpret the biological functions and pathways of the DEPs. In addition, a survey investigating behavioural practices among Chinese and Malay participants was conducted to support the results from the proteomic analysis. Result The variation of dysregulated proteins identified in Chinese and Malay samples suggested the disparities of pathways involved in this pathological condition for each respective ethnicity. Functional enrichment analysis supported this assumption in understanding the protein-protein interactions of the identified protein signatures and indicate that differentially expressed proteins identified from the Chinese group were significantly enriched with the functional terms related to Aβ/tau protein-related processes, oxidative stress and inflammation whereas neuroinflammation was associated with the Malay group. Besides that, a significant difference in sweet drinks/food intake habits between these two groups implies a relationship between sugar levels and the dysregulation of protein APOA4 in the Malay group. Additional meta-analysis further supported the dysregulation of proteins TF, AHSG, A1BG, APOA4 and C4A among AD groups. Conclusion These findings serve as a preliminary understanding in the molecular and demographic studies of AD in a multi-ethnic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sze Tan
- Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Leng Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Vyrn Chin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai-Meng Looi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siow-Wee Chang
- Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Research in System Biology, Structural, Bioinformatics and Human Digital Imaging (CRYSTAL), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gosslau A, Ozdogru U, Zachariah E, Li S, Ho CT. Effects of ibuprofen in the ZDF rat model of type 2 diabetes. J Food Drug Anal 2024; 32:227-238. [PMID: 38934691 PMCID: PMC11210472 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of ibuprofen against type 2 diabetes (T2D) using obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats as type 2 diabetes model. ZDF rats were hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic and expressed proinflammatory markers in contrast to lean controls, thus reflecting the relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation promoting T2D. Chronic treatment with ibuprofen (2-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid) was used to study the impact on pathological T2D conditions as compared to metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide) treated ZDF as well as lean controls. Ibuprofen decreased A1c but induced a high insulin release with improved glucose tolerance only after early time points (i.g., 15 and 30 min) resulting in a non-significant decline of AUC values and translating into a high HOMA-IR. In addition, ibuprofen significantly lowered cholesterol, free fatty acids and HDL-C. Some of these effects by ibuprofen might be based on its anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of cytokine/chemokine signaling (i.g., COX-2, ICAM-1 and TNF-α) as measured in whole blood and epididymal adipose tissue by TaqMan and/or upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.g., IL-4 and IL-13) by ELISA analysis in blood. In conclusion, our ZDF animal study showed positive effects of ibuprofen against diabetic complications such as inflammation and dyslipidemia but also demonstrated the risk of causing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gosslau
- Department of Science (Biology), City University of New York, BMCC, New York, NY 10007,
USA
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520,
USA
| | - Unsal Ozdogru
- Department of Information and Decisions Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607,
USA
| | | | - Shiming Li
- Huanggang Normal University, College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Huanggang 438000, Hubei Province,
China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520,
USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520,
USA
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Oliveri A, Rebernick RJ, Kuppa A, Pant A, Chen Y, Du X, Cushing KC, Bell HN, Raut C, Prabhu P, Chen VL, Halligan BD, Speliotes EK. Comprehensive genetic study of the insulin resistance marker TG:HDL-C in the UK Biobank. Nat Genet 2024; 56:212-221. [PMID: 38200128 PMCID: PMC10923176 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-established risk factor for metabolic disease. The ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG:HDL-C) is a surrogate marker of IR. We conducted a genome-wide association study of the TG:HDL-C ratio in 402,398 Europeans within the UK Biobank. We identified 369 independent SNPs, of which 114 had a false discovery rate-adjusted P value < 0.05 in other genome-wide studies of IR making them high-confidence IR-associated loci. Seventy-two of these 114 loci have not been previously associated with IR. These 114 loci cluster into five groups upon phenome-wide analysis and are enriched for candidate genes important in insulin signaling, adipocyte physiology and protein metabolism. We created a polygenic-risk score from the high-confidence IR-associated loci using 51,550 European individuals in the Michigan Genomics Initiative. We identified associations with diabetes, hyperglyceridemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ischemic heart disease. Collectively, this study provides insight into the genes, pathways, tissues and subtypes critical in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Oliveri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryan J Rebernick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asmita Pant
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly C Cushing
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hannah N Bell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chinmay Raut
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ponnandy Prabhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian D Halligan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kuo HCN, LaRussa Z, Xu FM, West K, Consitt L, Davidson WS, Liu M, Coschigano KT, Shi H, Lo CC. Apolipoprotein A4 Elevates Sympathetic Activity and Thermogenesis in Male Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2486. [PMID: 37299447 PMCID: PMC10255745 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids induce apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) production in the small intestine and activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. The increase in BAT thermogenesis enhances triglyceride clearance and insulin sensitivity. Acute administration of recombinant APOA4 protein elevates BAT thermogenesis in chow-fed mice. However, the physiological role of continuous infusion of recombinant APOA4 protein in regulating sympathetic activity, thermogenesis, and lipid and glucose metabolism in low-fat-diet (LFD)-fed mice remained elusive. The hypothesis of this study was that continuous infusion of mouse APOA4 protein would increase sympathetic activity and thermogenesis in BAT and subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT), attenuate plasma lipid levels, and improve glucose tolerance. To test this hypothesis, sympathetic activity, BAT temperature, energy expenditure, body weight, fat mass, caloric intake, glucose tolerance, and levels of BAT and IWAT thermogenic and lipolytic proteins, plasma lipids, and markers of fatty acid oxidation in the liver in mice with APOA4 or saline treatment were measured. Plasma APOA4 levels were elevated, BAT temperature and thermogenesis were upregulated, and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced, while body weight, fat mass, caloric intake, energy expenditure, and plasma cholesterol and leptin levels were comparable between APOA4- and saline-treated mice. Additionally, APOA4 infusion stimulated sympathetic activity in BAT and liver but not in IWAT. APOA4-treated mice had greater fatty acid oxidation but less TG content in the liver than saline-treated mice had. Plasma insulin in APOA4-treated mice was lower than that in saline-treated mice after a glucose challenge. In conclusion, continuous infusion of mouse APOA4 protein stimulated sympathetic activity in BAT and the liver, elevated BAT thermogenesis and hepatic fatty acid oxidation, and consequently attenuated levels of plasma and hepatic TG and plasma insulin without altering caloric intake, body weight gain and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chih N. Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Zachary LaRussa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Flora Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.M.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Kathryn West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Leslie Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
| | - William Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (W.S.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (W.S.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Karen T. Coschigano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.M.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Chunmin C. Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
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Huang M, Zheng J, Chen L, You S, Huang H. Advances in the study of the pathogenesis of obesity: Based on apolipoproteins. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 545:117359. [PMID: 37086940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a state presented by excessive accumulation and abnormal distribution of body fat, with metabolic disorders being one of its distinguishing features. Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, apolipoproteins are important structural components of plasma lipoproteins, which influence lipid metabolism in the body by participating in lipoprotein metabolism and are closely related to the progression of obesity. Apolipoproteins influence the progression of obesity from lipid metabolism, energy expenditure and inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the alterations of apolipoproteins in obesity, understand the potential mechanisms by which apolipoproteins affect obesity, as well as provide new targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province China; Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province China; Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sufang You
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province China; Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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Suemanotham N, Photcharatinnakorn P, Chantong B, Buranasinsup S, Phochantachinda S, Sakcamduang W, Reamtong O, Thiangtrongjit T, Chatchaisak D. Curcuminoid supplementation in canine diabetic mellitus and its complications using proteomic analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1057972. [PMID: 36619946 PMCID: PMC9816143 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1057972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to diabetes pathogenesis and consequences. Therapeutic approaches for canine diabetes remain a challenge. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and is beneficial for humans with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, data on its impact on canine diabetes is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for causing adverse effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-oxidative effects and proteomic patterns of curcuminoid supplementation on canine DM. Methods Altogether, 18 dogs were divided into two groups: DM (n = 6) and healthy (n = 12). Curcuminoid 250 mg was given to the DM group orally daily for 180 days. Blood and urine sample collection for hematological parameters, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers and proteomics were performed every 6 weeks. Results and discussion Curcuminoid supplementation with standard therapy significantly decreased oxidative stress with the increased glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, but cytokine levels were unaffected. According to the proteomic analysis, curcuminoid altered the expression of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, transthyretin, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-IV, suggesting that curcuminoid improves insulin sensitivity and reduces cardiovascular complications. No negative impact on clinical symptoms, kidneys or liver markers was identified. This study proposed that curcuminoids might be used as a targeted antioxidant strategy as an adjunctive treatment to minimize diabetes complications in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namphung Suemanotham
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Shutipen Buranasinsup
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Walasinee Sakcamduang
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tipparat Thiangtrongjit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Chatchaisak
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,*Correspondence: Duangthip Chatchaisak ✉
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Liu XH, Zhou JT, Yan CX, Cheng C, Fan JN, Xu J, Zheng Q, Bai Q, Li Z, Li S, Li X. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a novel inhibitory effect of ApoA4 on NAFL mediated by liver-specific subsets of myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038401. [PMID: 36426356 PMCID: PMC9678944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver immune microenvironment is a key element in the development of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. ApoA4 deficiency increases the hepatic lipid burden, insulin resistance, and metabolic inflammation. However, the effect of ApoA4 on liver immune cells and the precise immune cell subsets that exacerbate fatty liver remain elusive. The aim of this study was to profile the hepatic immune cells affected by ApoA4 in NAFL. We performed scRNA-seq on liver immune cells from WT and ApoA4-deficient mice administered a high-fat diet. Immunostaining and qRT-PCR analysis were used to validate the results of scRNA-seq. We identified 10 discrete immune cell populations comprising macrophages, DCs, granulocytes, B, T and NK&NKT cells and characterized their subsets, gene expression profiles, and functional modules. ApoA4 deficiency led to significant increases in the abundance of specific subsets, including inflammatory macrophages (2-Mφ-Cxcl9 and 4-Mφ-Cxcl2) and activated granulocytes (0-Gran-Wfdc17). Moreover, ApoA4 deficiency resulted in higher Lgals3, Ctss, Fcgr2b, Spp1, Cxcl2, and Elane levels and lower Nr4a1 levels in hepatic immune cells. These genes were consistent with human NAFLD-associated marker genes linked to disease severity. The expression of NE and IL-1β in granulocytes and macrophages as key ApoA4 targets were validate in the presence or absence of ApoA4 by immunostaining. The scRNA-seq data analyses revealed reprogramming of liver immune cells resulted from ApoA4 deficiency. We uncovered that the emergence of ApoA4-associated immune subsets (namely Cxcl9+ macrophage, Cxcl2+ macrophage and Wfdc17+ granulocyte), pathways, and NAFLD-related marker genes may promote the development of NAFL. These findings may provide novel therapeutic targets for NAFL and the foundations for further studying the effects of ApoA4 on immune cells in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin-Ting Zhou
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi’an, China
| | - Chun-xia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pathology, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, The Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-Na Fan
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Division of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Bai
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zongfang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengbin Li
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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11
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Cheng C, Liu XH, He J, Gao J, Zhou JT, Fan JN, Jin X, Zhang J, Chang L, Xiong Z, Yu J, Li S, Li X. Apolipoprotein A4 Restricts Diet-induced Hepatic Steatosis via SREBF1-mediated Lipogenesis and Enhances IRS-PI3K-Akt Signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101034. [PMID: 35909347 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance (IR) are risk factors for many metabolic syndromes such as NAFLD and T2DM. ApoA4 improves glucose hemostasis by increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose uptake via PI3K-Akt activation in adipocytes. However, whether ApoA4 has an effect on hepatic steatosis or IR remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoA4-knockout (KO) aggravates diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and IR in mice promoted by increased hepatic lipogenesis gene expression based on RNA-seq data. Conversely, liver-specific overexpression of ApoA4 via AAV-ApoA4 transduction reverses the effect in ApoA4-KO mice, accompanied by suppressed hepatic lipogenesis, increased lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation. Short-term treatment with recombinant ApoA4 protein improves glucose clearance and liver insulin sensitivity, and reduces hepatic lipogenesis gene expression in the absence of insulin. Moreover, in primary hepatocytes and a hepatic cell line, ApoA4 improves hepatic glucose uptake via IRS-PI3K-Akt signaling and decreases fat deposition and hepatic lipogenesis gene expression by inhibiting SREBF1 activity. CONCLUSION ApoA4 restricts hepatic steatosis by inhibiting SREBF1-mediated lipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake via IRS-PI3K-Akt signaling in the liver. These findings indicate that ApoA4 may serve as a therapeutic target for obesity-associated NAFLD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, Institute of Digestive Diseases. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jing He
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jin-Ting Zhou
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jing-Na Fan
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Liao Chang
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Zijun Xiong
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jun Yu
- OneHealth Technology Company, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Shengbin Li
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, Institute of Digestive Diseases. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
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12
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Shearston K, Tan JTM, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. Inhibition of Vascular Inflammation by Apolipoprotein A-IV. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:901408. [PMID: 35845068 PMCID: PMC9279673 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.901408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV, the third most abundant apolipoprotein in human high density lipoproteins (HDLs), inhibits intestinal and systemic inflammation. This study asks if apoA-IV also inhibits acute vascular inflammation. Methods Inflammation was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by placing a non-occlusive silastic collar around the common carotid artery. A single 1 mg/kg intravenous infusion of lipid-free apoA-IV or saline (control) was administered to the animals 24 h before collar insertion. The animals were euthanised 24 h post-collar insertion. Human coronary artery cells (HCAECs) were pre-incubated with reconstituted HDLs containing apoA-IV complexed with phosphatidylcholine, (A-IV)rHDLs, then activated by incubation with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the TNF-α-activated HCAECs was quantified by flow cytometry. VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) mRNA levels were quantified by real time PCR. Results Apolipoprotein ApoA-IV treatment significantly decreased collar-induced endothelial expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and neutrophil infiltration into the arterial intima by 67.6 ± 9.9% (p < 0.01), 75.4 ± 6.9% (p < 0.01) and 74.4 ± 8.5% (p < 0.05), respectively. It also increased endothelial expression of DHCR24 by 2.6-fold (p < 0.05). Pre-incubation of HCAECs with (A-IV)rHDLs prior to stimulation with TNF-α inhibited VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 protein levels by 62.2 ± 12.1% and 33.7 ± 5.7%, respectively. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels were decreased by 55.8 ± 7.2% and 49.6 ± 7.9%, respectively, while DHCR24 mRNA expression increased by threefold. Transfection of HCAECs with DHCR24 siRNA attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of (A-IV)rHDLs. Pre-incubation of TNF-α-activated HCAECs with (A-IV)rHDLs also inhibited nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and decreased IκBα phosphorylation. Conclusion These results indicate that apoA-IV inhibits vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting NF-κB activation in a DHCR24-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Shearston
- Lipid Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne T. M. Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Blake J. Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kerry-Anne Rye,
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13
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Pan X. The Roles of Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Kidneys. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050462. [PMID: 35629966 PMCID: PMC9145954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are organs that require energy from the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose; several studies have shown that the kidneys are metabolically active tissues with an estimated energy requirement similar to that of the heart. The kidneys may regulate the normal and pathological function of circulating lipids in the body, and their glomerular filtration barrier prevents large molecules or large lipoprotein particles from being filtered into pre-urine. Given the permeable nature of the kidneys, renal lipid metabolism plays an important role in affecting the rest of the body and the kidneys. Lipid metabolism in the kidneys is important because of the exchange of free fatty acids and apolipoproteins from the peripheral circulation. Apolipoproteins have important roles in the transport and metabolism of lipids within the glomeruli and renal tubules. Indeed, evidence indicates that apolipoproteins have multiple functions in regulating lipid import, transport, synthesis, storage, oxidation and export, and they are important for normal physiological function. Apolipoproteins are also risk factors for several renal diseases; for example, apolipoprotein L polymorphisms induce kidney diseases. Furthermore, renal apolipoprotein gene expression is substantially regulated under various physiological and disease conditions. This review is aimed at describing recent clinical and basic studies on the major roles and functions of apolipoproteins in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA;
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
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14
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Khudyakov JI, Holser RR, Vierra CA, Ly ST, Niel TK, Hasan BM, Crocker DE, Costa DP. Changes in apolipoprotein abundance dominate proteome responses to prolonged fasting in elephant seals. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274459. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Unlike many animals that reduce activity during fasting, northern elephant seals (NES) undergo prolonged fasting during energy-intensive life-history stages such as reproduction and molting, fueling fasting energy needs by mobilizing fat stores accrued during foraging. NES display several unique metabolic features such as high fasting metabolic rates, elevated blood lipid and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, efficient protein sparing and resistance to oxidative stress during fasting. However, the cellular mechanisms that regulate these adaptations are still not fully understood. To examine how metabolic coordination is achieved during prolonged fasting, we profiled changes in blubber, skeletal muscle and plasma proteomes of adult female NES over a 5 week fast associated with molting. We found that while blubber and muscle proteomes were remarkably stable over fasting, over 50 proteins changed in abundance in plasma, including those associated with lipid storage, mobilization, oxidation and transport. Apolipoproteins dominated the blubber, plasma and muscle proteome responses to fasting. APOA4, APOE and APOC3, which are associated with lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation, decreased, while APOA1, APOA2 and APOM, which are associated with lipid mobilization and HDL function, increased over fasting. Our findings suggest that changes in apolipoprotein composition may underlie the maintenance of high HDL levels and, together with adipokines and hepatokines that facilitate lipid catabolism, may mediate the metabolic transitions between feeding and fasting in NES. Many of these proteins have not been previously studied in this species and provide intriguing hypotheses about metabolic regulation during prolonged fasting in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane I. Khudyakov
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Rachel R. Holser
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Craig A. Vierra
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Serena T. Ly
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Theron K. Niel
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Basma M. Hasan
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Daniel E. Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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15
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Luo X, Hou L, Zhong Y, You C, Yang Y, Wu X, Li P, Zhou S, Qiu W, Zhang H, Liu Y, Qian Y, Luo F, Cheng R, Hu Y, Gong H, Wang Q, Xu Z, Du H, Lu F, Fu J, Chen X, Wang W, Guo Z. An open label, multicenter clinical trial that investigated the efficacy and safety of leuprorelin treatment of central precocious puberty in Chinese children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28158. [PMID: 34941067 PMCID: PMC8702188 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leuprorelin is an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone that is used for the therapy of central precocious puberty (CPP). The aims of this prospective, open label, multicenter clinical trial were to establish its efficacy and safety during long-term use. METHODS Patients, who were all children, were treated with 1.88 to 3.75 mg leuprorelin subcutaneously once every 4 weeks for a total of 96 weeks between 2015 and 2018. The primary endpoint was the rate of occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and the secondary endpoint was no progression in the Tanner stage or regression by week 96 compared to baseline. RESULTS A total of 307 CPP patients, 305 (99.3%) females and 2 males (0.7%), completed the 96-weeks of treatment. Due to limited data for male patients, they are not discussed in the efficacy results. Treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) were reported for 252 (82.1%) patients, mostly (79.5%) being mild or moderate and only 33 (10.7%) of patients experienced TEAEs related to leuprorelin therapy. The most frequent (>2%) drug-related TEAEs were injection site induration (4.6%, 14/307) and vaginal bleeding (2.3%, 7/305). After treatment, 83.5% of patients had regression or no progression in the Tanner stage (95% confidence interval: 78.68%, 87.62%) and the majority had decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated peak luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations, as well as reduced sex hormone concentrations and a reduction in the bone age/chronological age ratio compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS The trial revealed that CPP was effectively treated in most patients who received leuprorelin for nearly 2 years. Any drug-related AEs were reported with low incidence (<5%) and were consistent with the known safety profile of leuprorelin. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT02427958).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng You
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Qiu
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqian Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Haihong Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuangjian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongwei Du
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feiyu Lu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Ziheng Guo
- Takeda Medical Affairs, Takeda (China) International Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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16
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Qu J, Fourman S, Fitzgerald M, Liu M, Nair S, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Morris JH, Davidson WS, Tso P, Bhargava A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a novel receptor for apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13289. [PMID: 34168225 PMCID: PMC8225859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is one of the most abundant and versatile apolipoproteins facilitating lipid transport and metabolism. APOA4 is synthesized in the small intestine, packaged onto chylomicrons, secreted into intestinal lymph and transported via circulation to several tissues, including adipose. Since its discovery nearly 4 decades ago, to date, only platelet integrin αIIbβ3 has been identified as APOA4 receptor in the plasma. Using co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we probed the APOA4 interactome in mouse gonadal fat tissue, where ApoA4 gene is not transcribed but APOA4 protein is abundant. We demonstrate that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is the cognate receptor for APOA4 in adipose tissue. LRP1 colocalized with APOA4 in adipocytes; it interacted with APOA4 under fasting condition and their interaction was enhanced during lipid feeding concomitant with increased APOA4 levels in plasma. In 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, APOA4 promoted glucose uptake both in absence and presence of insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of LRP1 abrogated APOA4-induced glucose uptake as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated protein kinase B (AKT). Taken together, we identified LRP1 as a novel receptor for APOA4 in promoting glucose uptake. Considering both APOA4 and LRP1 are multifunctional players in lipid and glucose metabolism, our finding opens up a door to better understand the molecular mechanisms along APOA4-LRP1 axis, whose dysregulation leads to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Sarah Fourman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Maureen Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Supna Nair
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John H Morris
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Rm HSE1636, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0556, USA.
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17
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. High Density Lipoproteins and Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040850. [PMID: 33918571 PMCID: PMC8069617 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established that a high plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, recent randomised clinical trials of interventions that increase HDL-C levels have failed to establish a causal basis for this relationship. This has led to a shift in HDL research efforts towards developing strategies that improve the cardioprotective functions of HDLs, rather than simply increasing HDL-C levels. These efforts are also leading to the discovery of novel HDL functions that are unrelated to cardiovascular disease. One of the most recently identified functions of HDLs is their potent antidiabetic properties. The antidiabetic functions of HDLs, and recent key advances in this area are the subject of this review. Given that all forms of diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate globally, there is a clear unmet need to identify and develop new approaches that will complement existing therapies and reduce disease progression as well as reverse established disease. Exploration of a potential role for HDLs and their constituent lipids and apolipoproteins in this area is clearly warranted. This review highlights focus areas that have yet to be investigated and potential strategies for exploiting the antidiabetic functions of HDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9385-1219; Fax: +61-2-9385-1389
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18
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Guo QW, Si YJ, Shen YL, Chen X, Yang M, Fang DZ, Lin J. Depression Augments Plasma APOA4 without Changes of Plasma Lipids and Glucose in Female Adolescents Carrying G Allele of APOA4 rs5104. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2060-2070. [PMID: 33403595 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The association of apolipoprotein AIV (APOA4) with depression or plasma levels of lipids and glucose has been inconsistently reported. However, interplays between APOA4 and depression on the levels have not been explored yet. The present study aimed to investigate plasma levels of APOA4, lipids, and glucose in adolescents with different genotypes of APOA4 rs5104 and with or without depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed in 631 adolescents by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A total score of 14 was defined as the cutoff point for depression. Plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and insulin were measured by routine methods, and APOA4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and verified by DNA sequencing. Female adolescents had higher prevalence of depression than male subjects only in G allele carriers (p = 0.015), but not in AA homozygotes. Risk factors of depression and predictors of depression severity were different between G allele carriers and AA homozygotes. Lower levels of glucose (p = 0.003) were observed in male G allele carriers than those in male AA homozygotes and increased TG levels (p = 0.008) in female G allele carriers when compared with those in female AA homozygotes. When both APOA4 rs5104 and depression were taken into account, subjects with depression had higher levels of plasma APOA4 than adolescents without depression only in female G allele carriers (p = 0.043), but no significant changes of plasma lipids and glucose. Depression augments plasma APOA4 levels without changes of plasma lipids and glucose in female adolescents carrying G allele of APOA4 rs5104. These results may provide a novel explanation for the inconsistent relationship between depression, APOA4, and plasma levels of lipids and glucose in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Jun Si
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Lin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ding Zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Wei Y, Li X, Li S. Apolipoprotein A4 regulates the immune response in carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107222. [PMID: 33276196 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the role of ApoA4 in a CCl4-induced chronic liver injury (CLI) mouse model. C57BL/6J mice (WT) and ApoA4 knock-out (KO) mice were divided into CCl4 CLI (WT-CCl4 and KO-CCl4) and olive oil solvent control groups (WT-Veh and KO-Veh). Some of the KO-CCl4 mice were additionally treated with recombinant mouse ApoA4 and primary mouse T lymphocyte injections. After 6 weeks, histological analyses, biochemical and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays, flow cytometry of immune cells and qRT-PCR analyses were performed. KO mice after treatment with CCl4 showed reduced hepatic SOD and enhanced serum MDA activities leading to worsening liver injury and fibrosis compared with WT-CCl4, accompanied by enhanced hepatic alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) transcriptions, elevated macrophage M1 levels, enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5), but reduced Interleukin 10 (IL-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2), C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL9) transcription, as well as reduced CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages in hepatic tissue, blood cells and spleen. In addition, CD11b+CD115+, CD11b+/Ly6Chigh, CD11b+/LyC6- and CD11b+/Ly6Cint cells were enhanced, which partly reversed by ApoA4 protein and T cell injections. In conclusion, we propose that ApoA4 might be involved in liver protection via inhibiting fibrotic mediators and inflammatory cytokines, suppression of pro-inflammatory hepatic M1 cell invasion and regulation of CD8+ T and CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Bio-evidence Science Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), No. 205 Zhuque Street, Xi'an 710061, China; Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, No. 205 Zhuque Street, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ziyu Yang
- Bio-evidence Science Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), No. 205 Zhuque Street, Xi'an 710061, China; Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, No. 205 Zhuque Street, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yang Wei
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, Institute of Digestive Diseases. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West 5th Road, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, Institute of Digestive Diseases. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 West 5th Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Shengbin Li
- Bio-evidence Science Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), No. 205 Zhuque Street, Xi'an 710061, China; Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, No. 205 Zhuque Street, Xi'an 710061, China.
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20
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Liu M, Shen L, Xu M, Wang DQH, Tso P. Estradiol Enhances Anorectic Effect of Apolipoprotein A-IV through ERα-PI3K Pathway in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1494. [PMID: 33322656 PMCID: PMC7764025 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) enhances the anorectic action of apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV), however, the intracellular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here we reported that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway was significantly activated by E2 and apoA-IV, respectively, in primary neuronal cells isolated from rat embryonic brainstem. Importantly, the combination of E2 and apoA-IV at their subthreshold doses synergistically activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These effects, however, were significantly diminished by the pretreatment with LY294002, a selective PI3K inhibitor. E2-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway was through membrane-associated ERα, because the phosphorylation of Akt was significantly increased by PPT, an ERα agonist, and by E2-BSA (E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin) which activates estrogen receptor on the membrane. Centrally administered apoA-IV at a low dose (0.5 µg) significantly suppressed food intake and increased the phosphorylation of Akt in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with E2, but not in OVX rats treated with vehicle. These effects were blunted by pretreatment with LY294002. These results indicate that E2's regulatory role in apoA-IV's anorectic action is through the ERα-PI3K pathway in the NTS. Manipulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling activation in the NTS may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and the treatment of obesity-related disorders in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (L.S.); (M.X.); (P.T.)
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (L.S.); (M.X.); (P.T.)
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (L.S.); (M.X.); (P.T.)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (L.S.); (M.X.); (P.T.)
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21
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Li X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Fan J, Zhou J, Garstka MA, Li Z. Hepatoprotective effect of apolipoprotein A4 against carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury through mediating hepatic antioxidant and inflammation response in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:659-665. [PMID: 33239168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A4 (ApoA4) regulates lipid and glucose metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in atherogenesis and colitis. The present study explored the presumed protective role of ApoA4 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. The ALI model in wild type (WT), ApoA4 knock-out (ApoA4-KO) and ApoA4 transgenic (ApoA4-TG) mice was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of CCl4. Liver and blood were harvested from mice to assess liver functions, immunohistological changes, immune cell populations and cytokine profiles. ApoA4 deficiency aggravated, and ApoA4 overexpression alleviated CCl4-inflicted liver damage by controlling levels of anti-oxidant enzymes. ApoA4 deletion increased the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages into the injured liver and upregulated the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1, but lower IL-10 and IFN-γ. ApoA4 over-expression rescued this effect and resulted in lower percentages of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, the ratio of blood pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory monocytes and reduced plasma concentrations of IL-6, but enhanced IL-10 and IFN-γ. We propose ApoA4 as a potential new therapeutic target for the management of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingna Fan
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinting Zhou
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Liver and Spleen Diseases Research Center, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism: current concepts and relevance to disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:169-183. [PMID: 32015520 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids entering the gastrointestinal tract include dietary lipids (triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids) and endogenous lipids from bile (phospholipids and cholesterol) and from shed intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes). Here, we comprehensively review the digestion, uptake and intracellular re-synthesis of intestinal lipids as well as their packaging into pre-chylomicrons in the endoplasmic reticulum, their modification in the Golgi apparatus and the exocytosis of the chylomicrons into the lamina propria and subsequently to lymph. We also discuss other fates of intestinal lipids, including intestinal HDL and VLDL secretion, cytosolic lipid droplets and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, we highlight the applicability of these findings to human disease and the development of therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism. Finally, we explore the emerging role of the gut microbiota in modulating intestinal lipid metabolism and outline key questions for future research.
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Liu Z, Xu L, Xing M, Xu X, Wei J, Wang J, Kang W. Trelagliptin succinate: DPP-4 inhibitor to improve insulin resistance in adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109952. [PMID: 32036216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trelagliptin inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl-4 (DPP-4) to treat type 2 diabetes and it may possess the potential to improve insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanism is not known. In this study, the effect of trelagliptin succinate in improving insulin resistance was investigated. The differentiation system of 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes was used to determine the content of adipokines and the content of GLUT4 in the outer membrane. The expression of AKT, P-AKT, IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes was determined by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that trelagliptin succinate increased the expression of AKT, P-AKT, IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 in the PI-3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway. These events promote the trans-membrane function of GLUT4 and concomitant glucose intake in adipocytes. In addition, the secretion of free fatty acids and resistin were decreased. In conclusion, our study suggested that trelagliptin succinate improved insulin resistance in adipocytes via regulation of PI-3K/AKT/GLUT4 insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lanting Xu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Meimei Xing
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Zhengzhou Mingze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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24
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Roula D, Theiler A, Luschnig P, Sturm GJ, Tomazic PV, Marsche G, Heinemann A, Sturm EM. Apolipoprotein A-IV acts as an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein and is reduced in treatment-naïve allergic patients and allergen-challenged mice. Allergy 2020; 75:392-402. [PMID: 31408538 PMCID: PMC7065107 DOI: 10.1111/all.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies pointed to a crucial role for apolipoproteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of apolipoprotein‐IV (ApoA‐IV) in allergic inflammation has not been addressed thoroughly thus far. Objective Here, we explored the anti‐inflammatory effects and underlying signaling pathways of ApoA‐IV on eosinophil effector function in vitro and in vivo. Methods Migratory responsiveness, Ca2+‐flux and apoptosis of human peripheral blood eosinophils were assessed in vitro. Allergen‐driven airway inflammation was assessed in a mouse model of acute house dust mite‐induced asthma. ApoA‐IV serum levels were determined by ELISA. Results Recombinant ApoA‐IV potently inhibited eosinophil responsiveness in vitro as measured by Ca2+‐flux, shape change, integrin (CD11b) expression, and chemotaxis. The underlying molecular mechanism involved the activation of Rev‐ErbA‐α and induced a PI3K/PDK1/PKA‐dependent signaling cascade. Systemic application of ApoA‐IV prevented airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia in mice following allergen challenge. ApoA‐IV levels were decreased in serum from allergic patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Our data suggest that ApoA‐IV is an endogenous anti‐inflammatory protein that potently suppresses effector cell functions in eosinophils. Thus, exogenously applied ApoA‐IV may represent a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of allergic inflammation and other eosinophil‐driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roula
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Anna Theiler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Gunter J. Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Eva M. Sturm
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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25
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Advanced Glycated apoA-IV Loses Its Ability to Prevent the LPS-Induced Reduction in Cholesterol Efflux-Related Gene Expression in Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6515401. [PMID: 32410861 PMCID: PMC7201780 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6515401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We addressed how advanced glycation (AGE) affects the ability of apoA-IV to impair inflammation and restore the expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated macrophages. Recombinant human apoA-IV was nonenzymatically glycated by incubation with glycolaldehyde (GAD), incubated with cholesterol-loaded bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and then stimulated with LPS prior to measurement of proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA. Genes involved in cholesterol efflux were quantified by RT-qPCR, and cholesterol efflux was measured by liquid scintillation counting. Carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pyrraline (PYR) levels, determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), were greater in AGE-modified apoA-IV (AGE-apoA-IV) compared to unmodified-apoA-IV. AGE-apoA-IV inhibited expression of interleukin 6 (Il6), TNF-alpha (Tnf), IL-1 beta (Il1b), toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6), Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3), nuclear factor kappa B (Nfkb), and AGE receptor 1 (Ddost) as well as IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion. AGE-apoA-IV alone did not change cholesterol efflux or ABCA-1 levels but was unable to restore the LPS-induced reduction in expression of Abca1 and Abcg1. AGE-apoA-IV inhibited inflammation but lost its ability to counteract the LPS-induced changes in expression of genes involved in macrophage cholesterol efflux that may contribute to atherosclerosis.
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Hung YH, Kanke M, Kurtz CL, Cubitt R, Bunaciu RP, Miao J, Zhou L, Graham JL, Hussain MM, Havel P, Biddinger S, White PJ, Sethupathy P. Acute suppression of insulin resistance-associated hepatic miR-29 in vivo improves glycemic control in adult mice. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:379-389. [PMID: 31251698 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important posttranscriptional regulators of metabolism and energy homeostasis. Dysregulation of certain miRNAs in the liver has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), in part by impairing hepatic insulin sensitivity. By small RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified seven hepatic miRNAs (including miR-29b) that are consistently aberrantly expressed across five different rodent models of metabolic dysfunction that share the feature of insulin resistance (IR). We also showed that hepatic miR-29b exhibits persistent dysregulation during disease progression in a rat model of diabetes, UCD-T2DM. Furthermore, we observed that hepatic levels of miR-29 family members are attenuated by interventions known to improve IR in rodent and rhesus macaque models. To examine the function of the miR-29 family in modulating insulin sensitivity, we used locked nucleic acid (LNA) technology and demonstrated that acute in vivo suppression of the miR-29 family in adult mice leads to significant reduction of fasting blood glucose (in both chow-fed lean and high-fat diet-fed obese mice) and improvement in insulin sensitivity (in chow-fed lean mice). We carried out whole transcriptome studies and uncovered candidate mechanisms, including regulation of DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) and the hormone-encoding gene Energy homeostasis associated (Enho). In sum, we showed that IR/T2D is linked to dysregulation of hepatic miR-29b across numerous models and that acute suppression of the miR-29 family in adult mice leads to improved glycemic control. Future studies should investigate the therapeutic utility of miR-29 suppression in different metabolic disease states.Enho; insulin resistance; liver; microRNA-29 (miR-29); UCD-T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - C Lisa Kurtz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Cubitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liye Zhou
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Peter Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sudha Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Qu J, Ko CW, Tso P, Bhargava A. Apolipoprotein A-IV: A Multifunctional Protein Involved in Protection against Atherosclerosis and Diabetes. Cells 2019; 8:E319. [PMID: 30959835 PMCID: PMC6523623 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is a lipid-binding protein, which is primarily synthesized in the small intestine, packaged into chylomicrons, and secreted into intestinal lymph during fat absorption. In the circulation, apoA-IV is present on chylomicron remnants, high-density lipoproteins, and also in lipid-free form. ApoA-IV is involved in a myriad of physiological processes such as lipid absorption and metabolism, anti-atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation and thrombosis, glucose homeostasis, and food intake. ApoA-IV deficiency is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, which renders it as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of these diseases. While much has been learned about the physiological functions of apoA-IV using rodent models, the action of apoA-IV at the cellular and molecular levels is less understood, let alone apoA-IV-interacting partners. In this review, we will summarize the findings on the molecular function of apoA-IV and apoA-IV-interacting proteins. The information will shed light on the discovery of apoA-IV receptors and the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237-0507, USA.
| | - Chih-Wei Ko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237-0507, USA.
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237-0507, USA.
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA.
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Gosslau A, Zachariah E, Li S, Ho CT. Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Ephraim MS, Rabia J, Musawenkosi N, Felicia SN, Johan L, Andrew O, Anthony MR. A Lanosteryl triterpene from Protorhus longifolia augments insulin signaling in type 1 diabetic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:265. [PMID: 30285704 PMCID: PMC6167861 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial literature supports antidiabetic properties of the lanosteryl triterpene (methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate, RA-3) isolated from Protorhus longifolia stem bark. However, the molecular mechanism(s) associated with the antihyperglycemic properties of the triterpene remained to be explored. The current study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism(s) through which RA-3 improves insulin signaling in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. METHODS The type 1 diabetic rats were treated daily with a single oral dose of RA-3 (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. The rats were then sacrificed, and blood, skeletal muscle and pancreases were collected for biochemical, protein expression and histological analysis, respectively. RESULTS Persistently high blood glucose levels in the diabetic control rats significantly increased expression of IRS-1Ser307 while the expression of p-Akt Ser473, p-GSK-3β Ser9, GLUT 4 and GLUT 2 were decreased. However, enhanced muscle insulin sensitivity, which was indicated by a decrease in the expression of IRS-1ser307 with a concomitant increase in the p-AktSer473, p-GSK-3β Ser9, GLUT 4 and GLUT 2 expression were observed in the diabetic rats treated with RA-3. The triterpene-treated animals also showed an improved pancreatic β-cells morphology, along with increased C-peptide levels. An increase in the levels of serum antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione was noted in the rats treated with the triterpene, while their serum levels of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde were reduced. CONCLUSIONS It is apparent that RA-3 is able to improve the insulin signaling in type 1 diabetic rats. Its beta (β)-cells protecting mechanism could be attributed to its ability to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabhida Sihle Ephraim
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886 South Africa
| | - Johnson Rabia
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - Ndlovu Musawenkosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886 South Africa
| | | | - Louw Johan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - Opoku Andrew
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886 South Africa
| | - Mosa Rebamang Anthony
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886 South Africa
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Hu J, Liu X, Chi J, Che K, Feng Y, Zhao S, Wang Z, Wang Y. Expressions of IGF-1, ERK, GLUT4, IRS-1 in metabolic syndrome complicated with colorectal cancer and their associations with the clinical characteristics of CRC. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:883-891. [PMID: 29504525 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data have revealed that colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is increased in patients with Metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE To explore the expressions of IGF-1, ERK, GLUT4, IRS-1 in MS patients with CRC and their associations with the clinical characteristics of CRC. METHODS We investigated the expressions of IGF-1, ERK, GLUT4 and IRS-1 in greater omental adipose tissues of 168 MS patients with/without CRC, 85 CRC patients without MS and 98 healthy controls by RT-PCR, and analyzed the relationships between their expressions and clinical characteristics of CRC. RESULTS The expression levels of IGF-1 and ERK in MS patients with/without CRC were higher while the expression levels of GLUT4 were lower compared with CRC patients without MS and healthy controls (P< 0.01). The expression levels of IGF-1 and ERK in MS patients with CRC were higher while expression levels of GLUT4 were lower compared to MS patients without CRC (P< 0.01). Expression levels of ERK, IGF-1, GLUT4 were associated with clinical characteristics of CRC, including tumor size, distant metastasis and advanced stages (III/IV) (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Expressions of IGF-1, ERK and GLUT4 in greater omental adipose tissues might be useful biomarkers and predictive targets in the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Hu
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- The Center of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwei Chi
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kui Che
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Endocrinology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Endocrinology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Endocrinology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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31
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Antidiabetic Effect of Tibetan Medicine Tang-Kang-Fu-San on High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7302965. [PMID: 28904560 PMCID: PMC5585548 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7302965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of a Tibetan medicine, Tang-Kang-Fu-San (TKFS), on experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Firstly two major chemical compositions of TKFS, gallic acid and curcumin, were characterized by HPLC fingerprint analysis. Next T2DM in rats was induced by high-fat diet and a low-dose streptozotocin (STZ 35 mg/kg). Then oral gavage administration of three different doses of TKFS (0.3 g/kg, 0.6 g/kg, and 1.2 g/kg) was given to T2DM rats. Experimental results showed that TKFS dramatically reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, even though it did not alter the animal body weight. The downregulation of phosphorylation-AKT (p-AKT) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle of T2DM rats was restored and abnormal pathological changes in pancreas tissues were also improved. Our work showed that TKFS could alleviate diabetic syndromes, maintain the glucose homeostasis, and protect against insulin resistance in T2DM rats, and the improvement of AKT phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle would be one of its possible underlying mechanisms.
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Duan B, Zhao Z, Liao W, Xiong H, Liu S, Yin L, Gao T, Mei Z. Antidiabetic Effect of Tibetan Medicine Tang-Kang-Fu-San in db/db Mice via Activation of PI3K/Akt and AMPK Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:535. [PMID: 28883792 PMCID: PMC5573713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effects and molecular mechanisms of Tang-Kang-Fu-San (TKFS), a traditional Tibetan medicine, in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus of spontaneous diabetic db/db mice. Firstly HPLC fingerprint analysis was performed to gain the features of the chemical compositions of TKFS. Next different doses of TKFS (0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg) were administrated via oral gavage to db/db mice and their controls for 4 weeks. TKFS significantly lowered hyperglycemia and ameliorated insulin resistance (IR) in db/db mice, indicated by results from multiple tests, including fasting blood glucose test, intraperitoneal insulin and glucose tolerance tests, fasting serum insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of IR analysis as well as histology of pancreas islets. TKFS also decreased concentrations of serum triglyceride, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, even though it did not change the mouse body weights. Results from western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that TKFS reversed the down-regulation of p-Akt and p-AMPK, and increased the translocation of Glucose transporter type 4 in skeletal muscles of db/db mice. In all, TKFS had promising benefits in maintaining the glucose homeostasis and reducing IR. The underlying molecular mechanisms are related to promote Akt and AMPK activation and Glucose transporter type 4 translocation in skeletal muscles. Our work showed that multicomponent Tibetan medicine TKFS acted synergistically on multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailu Duan
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan, China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhao
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. LouisMO, United States.,Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. LouisMO, United States
| | - Weifang Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan, China
| | - Liang Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan, China
| | - Tiexiang Gao
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan, China
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33
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Seghieri M, Tricò D, Natali A. The impact of triglycerides on glucose tolerance: Lipotoxicity revisited. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:314-322. [PMID: 28693962 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma triglycerides (TGs) are early key features of conditions associated with a dysregulation in glucose metabolism and may predict the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) over time. Although the acute ingestion of lipid, either mixed with or shortly before the meal, is neutral or slightly beneficial on glucose tolerance, a short-term increase in plasma TGs induced by either an i.v. lipid infusion or a high-fat diet produces a deterioration of glucose control. Accordingly, chronic lowering of plasma TGs by fibrates improves glucose homeostasis and may also prevent T2D. The chronic effects of the elevation of dietary lipid intake are less clear, particularly in humans, being the quality of fat probably more important than total fat intake. Although on the bases of the available experimental and clinical evidence it cannot be easily disentangled, with respect to elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) the relative contribution of elevated TGs to glucose homeostasis disregulation seems to be greater and also more plausible. In conclusion, although the association between elevated plasma TGs and impaired glucose tolerance is commonly considered not causative or merely a consequence of NEFA-mediated lipotoxicity, the available data suggest that TGs per se may directly contribute to disorders of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seghieri
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, laboratory of metabolism, nutrition and atherosclerosis, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Tricò
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, laboratory of metabolism, nutrition and atherosclerosis, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Natali
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, laboratory of metabolism, nutrition and atherosclerosis, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Zhang Y, He J, Zhao J, Xu M, Lou D, Tso P, Li Z, Li X. Effect of ApoA4 on SERPINA3 mediated by nuclear receptors NR4A1 and NR1D1 in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:327-332. [PMID: 28412351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ApoA4 exerts anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanism remains unclear. SERPINA3 is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor gene family, and has been shown to be involved in anti-inflammation and associated with a number of human diseases. In this study, we revealed that ApoA4 stimulates the gene expression of SERPINA3 in mouse hepatocytes both in vivo and in vitro, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The transcriptional response of SERPINA3 to ApoA4 is regulated through the binding of ApoA4 with nuclear receptors NR4A1 and NR1D1 on the SERPINA3 promoter, which was verified with ChIP, Luciferase activity assay and RNA interference-mediated NR4A1 or NR1D1 gene knockdown. These data suggests that ApoA4 transcriptionally induced SERPINA3 expression via NR1D1 and NR4A1. Our findings may throw light on the function of ApoA4 in inflammatory responses and acute-phase reactions, as well as the development of SERPINA3 relative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing He
- College of Medicine and Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Medicine and Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Danwen Lou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Zongfang Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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