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Luo J, Wang N, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Ye Z, Christakos G, Wu J. Seasonal effects of fish, seaweed and abalone cultures on dissolved organic matter and carbon sequestration potential in Sansha Bay, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174144. [PMID: 38901588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Coastal bays serve as undeniable dissolved organic matter (DOM) reactors and the role of prevalent mariculture in DOM cycling deserves investigation. This study, based on four seasonal field samplings and a laboratory incubation experiment, examined the source and seasonal dynamics of DOM and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the seawater of fish (Larimichthys crocea, LC), seaweed (Gracilaria lemaneiformis, GL) and abalone (Haliotis sp., HA) culturing zones in Sansha Bay, China. Using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC), three fluorescent components were identified, i.e. protein-like C1, protein-like C2, and humic-like C3. Our results showed that mariculture activities dominated the DOM pool by seasonal generating abundant DOM with lower aromaticity and humification degrees. Accounting for 40-95 % of total fluorescent components, C1 (Ex/Em = 300/340 nm) was regarded the same as D1 (Ex/Em = 300/335 nm) identified in a 180-day degradation experiments of G. lemaneiformis detritus, indicating that the cultured seaweed modulated DOM through the seasonal production of C1. In addition, the incubation experiment revealed that 0.7 % of the total carbon content of seaweed detritus could be preserved as recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC). However, fish culture appeared to contribute to liable DOC and protein-like C2, exerting a substantial impact on DOM during winter but making a negligible contribution to carbon sequestration, while abalone culture might promote the potential export and sequestration of seaweed-derived carbon to the ocean. Our results highlight the influences of mariculture activities, especially seaweed culture, in shaping DOM pool in coastal bays. These findings can provide reference for future studies on the carbon accounting of mariculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yaojia Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhanjiang Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | | | - Jiaping Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China.
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Imtiazy MN, Hunter K, Hudson JJ. In-reservoir transformation of dissolved organic matter as a function of hydrological flow. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120099. [PMID: 38232598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Reservoirs are vital to meet the ever-increasing demands for freshwater in a warming climate. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents an important pool of carbon and can be a major concern in drinking water sources. However, insights into DOM dynamics in temperate, semi-arid reservoirs remain limited. Therefore, we investigated the variations in DOM properties in Lake Diefenbaker, a large reservoir on the Canadian Prairies, by analyzing eight years of DOM concentrations and composition through linear mixed effect modeling. Contrary to expectations, reservoir dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration showed no correlation with inflow from the South Saskatchewan River (p = 0.12), while dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased with decreasing inflow (p = 0.002). DOM optical indices (SUVA254 and E4:E6 ratio) and DOC:DON ratio revealed a pronounced influence of inflow on reservoir DOM composition (p < 0.001), i.e., allochthonous characteristics increased with increasing flow, and autochthonous characteristics increased with declining flow. Travel time corrected comparison of approximately the same water parcel along the reservoir length revealed that increasing water residence time in downstream regions led to a significant transformation in DOM composition, favoring autochthonous characteristics (mean SUVA254 reduced by 0.52 L mg-C-1 m-1, and the E4:E6 and spectral slope ratio increased by 1.6 and 0.06, respectively). Autochthonous DOC inputs likely offset the allochthonous DOC losses, which resulted in a relatively stable DOC concentration throughout the reservoir (mean 3.7 mg L-1). Additionally, the effect of a large aquaculture operation on reservoir DOM properties was investigated, but no effect was detected. The results have significant implications for managing large river-reservoirs. Autochthonous DOM poses challenges to water processing, necessitating monitoring of DOM composition for reservoir drinking water quality. Insights on climate-induced changes in DOM properties will also assist with understanding changes to habitat conditions and contaminant transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Noim Imtiazy
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Kristine Hunter
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Jeff J Hudson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
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Aguilar-Alarcón P, Gonzalez SV, Mikkelsen Ø, Asimakopoulos AG. Molecular formula assignment of dissolved organic matter by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry using two non-targeted data processing approaches: A case study from recirculating aquaculture systems. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342128. [PMID: 38220272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) poses an issue in the management of the water quality from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), but its characterization is often not detailed enough to understand the DOM transformations in RAS. In this study, we investigated the application of two distinct non-targeted data processing approaches using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) and two software with different algorithmic designs: PetroOrg and Progenesis QI to accurately characterize the molecular composition of DOM in RAS by UPLC-QTOF-MS. RESULTS The UPLC-QTOF-MS resolution in combination with PetroOrg and Progenesis QI software successfully assigned 912 and 106 unique elemental compositions, respectively, including compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) and nitrogen-containing CHO compounds (CHON), in the DOM samples from RAS. The results of these two distinct data processing approaches were consistent with the list of DOM formulas from RAS identified by higher resolution mass spectrometry techniques confirming their reliability. PetroOrg approach revealed only compositional information in the DOM samples from RAS, while Progenesis QI in addition to identifying new elemental compositions, increased their chemical space by giving information about their polarity and their possible key structures. DOM samples from RAS were found to be rich in unsaturated CHO compounds, with tentatively key structures of terpenoids with medium polarity indicating natural origins in their composition. The analysis also revealed probable structures of sucrose fatty acid esters and polyethylene glycol, indicating anthropogenic sources. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The combination of these two non-targeted data processing approaches significantly improves the characterization of the complex mixture of DOM from RAS by UPLC-QTOF-MS reporting for the first time accurate DOM results in terms of its composition, while proposing its key structures. The presented methods can also be used to analyze different DOM samples with other HRMS techniques and software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Alarcón
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - Susana V Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Pettersson S, Ignatev A, Lindholm-Lehto P, Tuhkanen T. Monitoring of water quality with HPLSEC and fluorescence method in the ozonated recirculating aquaculture system. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1497. [PMID: 37982919 PMCID: PMC10661748 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), it is important to monitor the water quality to keep the fish healthy. Especially in water treatment with oxidizing agents, for example, ozone (O3) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the monitoring of the quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water is advisable to keep track of the treatment's effect. Previously in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) studied, HPLSEC and fluorescence method for monitoring and characterization of organic matter was used here to track the effect of oxidative treatments; 5 duplicated treatments (2 × O3, 1 × O3 + H2O2, 1 × H2O2, 1 × control) were performed for four months with weekly samplings. Systems that contained O3 injection reduced fluorescence on average over 90%, except tyrosine-like fluorescence with removal of 80%. Combined O3 + H2O2 treatment did not bring any advantages over pure O3 treatment, and H2O2 had no significant effect on fluorescence. Humic and fulvic compounds were detected to largely be derived from inlet lake water, while large protein-like structures were mostly created in RAS. A peak of benzoic acid-like molecules was also detected in all RAS waters. Treatments did not change the molecular weight profile of DOM systems and inlet water, having most of their fluorescence coming from medium-sized (108-1322 Da) molecules. DOC was lower in O3 treatments, but the linear connection between DOC and fluorescence was not observed, although this was proposed in earlier studies. Most likely, the oxidizing treatments induce change to DOM in a way that such comparison becomes inaccurate, although this must be studied further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samu Pettersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C (Ambiotica), 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Alexey Ignatev
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C (Ambiotica), 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petra Lindholm-Lehto
- Aquatic Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Survontie 9A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuula Tuhkanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C (Ambiotica), 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Taylor JH, Masoudi Soltani S. Carbonaceous adsorbents in the removal of aquaculture pollutants: A technical review of methods and mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115552. [PMID: 37813076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous adsorbents (CAs) are becoming increasingly popular owing to their low-cost, ease of preparation, and versatility. Meanwhile, aquaculture is becoming a fundamental food industry, globally, due to a wide range of advantages such as economic and nutritional benefits, whilst protecting the depletion of natural resources. However, as with any farming, the technique is known to introduce a plethora of chemicals into the surrounding environment, including antibiotics, nutrients, fertilisers and more. Therefore, the treatment of aquaculture effluent is gaining traction to ensure the sustainable growth of the industry. Although the existing mitigation techniques are somewhat effective, they suffer from degradation of the water quality or harm to local environments/organisms. This article aims to identify the sources and impacts of various aquaculture pollutants. After which the authors will provide an environmentally friendly and novel approach to the treatment of aquaculture effluent using carbonaceous adsorbents. The article will detail discussions about the product life span, including, synthesis, activation, modification, applications in aqueous media, regeneration and End-of-Life (EoL) approaches, with a particular focus on the impacts of competitive adsorption between pollutants and environmental matrices. Some research gaps were also highlighted, such as the lack of literature applying real-world samples, the effects of competitive adsorption and the EoL applications and management for CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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Ding Y, Qi P, Sun M, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xu Z, Sun Y. Dissolved organic matter composition and fluorescence characteristics of the river affected by coal mine drainage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55799-55815. [PMID: 36905546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coal mine drainage (CMD) discharged into surface waters results in serious environmental pollution risk to rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Coal mine drainage generally contains a variety of organic matter and heavy metals due to coal mining activities. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the physicochemical and biological processes of many aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the investigations were carried out in the dry and wet seasons in 2021 to assess the characteristics of DOM compounds in coal mine drainage and the CMD-affected river. The results indicated that the pH of CMD-affected river pressed close to coal mine drainage. Besides, coal mine drainage lowered DO by 36% and increased total dissolved solids by 19% in the CMD-affected river. Coal mine drainage decreased absorption coefficient a(350) and absorption spectral slope S275-295 of DOM in the CMD-affected river; hence, DOM molecular size increased with decreasing S275-295. Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis identified humic-like C1, tryptophan-like C2, and tyrosine-like C3 in the CMD-affected river and coal mine drainage. DOM in the CMD-affected river mainly originated from microbial and terrestrial sources, with strong endogenous characteristics. The ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis revealed that coal mine drainage had a higher relative abundance of CHO (44.79%), with a higher unsaturation degree of DOM. Coal mine drainage decreased the AImod,wa, DBEwa (double bond equivalents), Owa, Nwa, and Swa values and increased the relative abundance of the O3S1 species with DBE of 3 and carbons number range of 15-17 at the CMD inlet to the river channel. Moreover, coal mine drainage with the higher protein content increased the protein content of water at the CMD inlet to the river channel and the downstream river. DOM compositions and proprieties in coal mine drainage were investigated to further understand the influence of organic matter on heavy metals in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Ding
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Puyu Qi
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyang Sun
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqing Zhong
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Sun
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Aguilar-Alarcón P, Zherebker A, Rubekina A, Shirshin E, Simonsen MA, Kolarevic J, Lazado CC, Nikolaev EN, Asimakopoulos AG, Mikkelsen Ø. Impact of ozone treatment on dissolved organic matter in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157009. [PMID: 35772561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), the accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can have detrimental effects on water quality impacting the system performance, microbial community, and consequently fish health and welfare. Ozone is used in the RAS water treatment process to improve water quality and remove DOM. However, little is known about the molecular composition of DOM in RAS and its transformation when exposed to ozone. In this study, we performed a detailed molecular characterization of DOM in RAS and explored its transformation induced by ozonation of RAS waters. Ultra-high resolution (UHR) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) was used to characterize the DOM matrix of RAS waters (pump-sump and tanks) and to evaluate its transformation by ozonation. The analysis of DOM extracted from makeup water and feed samples allowed for the determination of DOM sources in RAS prior to ozonation. The CHO and unsaturated group of compounds were the most abundant class found in water samples. On the contrary, the DOM from feed samples was unique and consisted mainly of CHO, CHON and unsaturated group of compounds. After the ozonation of RAS waters, humic-like and unsaturated compounds [positive oxygen subtracted double bond equivalent per carbon (DBE-O)/C)] were decomposed, particularly the CHO-DOM that contained fewer -CH2- features. Fulvic-like compounds and several hundred saturated compounds [negative (DBE-O)/C)] were formed post ozonation, particularly the CHON and CHONS group of compounds that were associated with fish diets, makeup waters and transformation products from the ozonation of the RAS waters. This study showed that the high accuracy of the ultra-high resolution FTICR MS can be applied to characterize and monitor the changes of DOM at a molecular level in RAS waters. To our knowledge, this is the first study where FTICR MS was incorporated for the characterization of DOM and its sources in RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Alarcón
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Alexander Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya St., 100, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Rubekina
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gory 1/2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Shirshin
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gory 1/2, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Scientific and Technological Biomedical Park, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mads Adrian Simonsen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jelena Kolarevic
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway
| | - Carlo C Lazado
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya St., 100, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Ye QH, Sun GD, Wang YH, Zhang S, Xu Y, Feng L, Simpson MJ, He C, Shi Q, Li LP, Wang JJ. Lake reclamation alters molecular-level characteristics of lacustrine dissolved organic matter - A study of nine lakes in the Yangtze Plain, China. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118884. [PMID: 35905647 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the reclamation of lakes has captured 42% of the total lake area of the Yangtze Plain in China and introduced additional pressure on lacustrine water quality. While lacustrine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is critical in regulating biogeochemical processing and aquatic biodiversity, the impact of reclamation on the molecular-level characteristics of lacustrine DOM remains unexplored. Here, the DOM characteristics altered by reclamation practices in the Yangtze Plain lakes were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated that reclamation not only elevated the quantity (on average +32%) but also altered the characteristics and composition of lacustrine DOM. Compared to the natural water sites close by, reclamation sites did not significantly alter the DOM aromaticity but significantly lowered the average molecular weight and increased the biolability of DOM. The chromophoric DOM and humic-like fluorescent components were remarkably elevated, but not the protein-like fluorescent components. More lipid-like and condensed aromatic-like components were detected in the lacustrine DOM as compared to the lignin-like, carbohydrate-like, and protein-like components, which may be driven by the increased microbial processing. Overall, the significant alteration in characteristics and composition of lacustrine DOM highlights the potential impact of reclamation on the DOM biogeochemical cycle and the environmental quality in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Hui Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Guo-Dong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lian Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 18 Jinfeng Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Sediment Characteristics—A Key Factor for Fish Farm Site Selection: Examples from Croatia. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development and intensive production of aquaculture have brought to light various environmental problems. In particular, fish farming adversely affects the benthic environments through the accumulation of organic matter (OM), which leads to the degradation of aquatic sediments and associated biotic communities. To prevent environmental degradation, proper site selection for fish farming is a prerequisite for sustainable aquaculture practices. An important physical factor in selecting a site for fish farming is sediment structure. Coarser sediments are preferred, while their mineral composition is rarely discussed. To investigate relationships between sediment characteristics and the content of OM, sediments were collected from three different sites with different aquaculture practices under different climatic and environmental conditions and analyzed during the one-year monitoring period. Grain size distribution, mineral composition, carbonate content, and organic matter content were determined for three fish farm sites (Ilova, River, Krka River, and Pelješac) and their reference sites. Preliminary results from all studied sites showed that sediment texture in combination with natural mineral composition is one of the key factors for the accumulation of OM in the sediment. In particular, the mineral composition of the fine-grained sediment should be known when conducting an environmental impact assessment of fish farms.
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Evidence of the Anthropic Impact on a Crustacean Zooplankton Community in Two North Patagonian Lakes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Lately, agriculture, livestock, forestry, and aquaculture activities have been greatly developed in Chilean North Patagonia, negatively impacting the balance of the environmental conditions in lakes and affecting the development and survival of several native species. The aim of this study was to assess the anthropic impact on a zooplankton community in two North Patagonian lakes. We collected samples from four sites belonging to Lake Icalma and Lake Llanquihue, including four replicates per site. Water samples were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and zooplankton communities. We focused on the presence of Daphnia pulex, a species of zooplanktonic crustacean that performs a key role in capturing energy from primary producers to deliver it to final consumers such as fish. We found that Llanquihue showed higher total phosphorus, nitrogen, copper, iron, manganese, total dissolved solids (TDS), and conductivity (EC) than Icalma. Furthermore, ecological variables were greatly decreased due to total P, total N, manganese, copper, total dissolved solids, and conductivity, which changed the species dominance of the zooplankton community in Llanquihue, indicating some degree of anthropization. This study provides fundamental information on the anthropogenic impact on water quality, as well as on zooplankton diversity, highlighting the importance of monitoring the health of these North Patagonia freshwater ecosystems.
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De La Fuente MJ, Gallardo-Bustos C, De la Iglesia R, Vargas IT. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Sustainable Nitrogen Removal in Marine and Coastal Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2411. [PMID: 35206599 PMCID: PMC8875524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
For many years, the world's coastal marine ecosystems have received industrial waste with high nitrogen concentrations, generating the eutrophication of these ecosystems. Different physicochemical-biological technologies have been developed to remove the nitrogen present in wastewater. However, conventional technologies have high operating costs and excessive production of brines or sludge which compromise the sustainability of the treatment. Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) have begun to gain attention due to their cost-efficiency in removing nitrogen and organic matter using the metabolic capacity of microorganisms. This article combines a critical review of the environmental problems associated with the discharge of the excess nitrogen and the biological processes involved in its biogeochemical cycle; with a comparative analysis of conventional treatment technologies and METs especially designed for nitrogen removal. Finally, current METs limitations and perspectives as a sustainable nitrogen treatment alternative and efficient microbial enrichment techniques are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José De La Fuente
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.J.D.L.F.); (C.G.B.)
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile;
| | - Carlos Gallardo-Bustos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.J.D.L.F.); (C.G.B.)
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Rodrigo De la Iglesia
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile;
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Ignacio T. Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (M.J.D.L.F.); (C.G.B.)
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago 7550268, Chile;
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Santiago 7820436, Chile
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12
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Ryan KA, Palacios LC, Encina F, Graeber D, Osorio S, Stubbins A, Woelfl S, Nimptsch J. Assessing inputs of aquaculture-derived nutrients to streams using dissolved organic matter fluorescence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150785. [PMID: 34653451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salmon aquaculture is an important economic activity globally where local freshwater supplies permit land-based salmon aquaculture facilities to cultivate early life stage salmon. Nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in aquaculture effluents contribute to the eutrophication of adjacent and downstream rivers and lakes. This study quantifies the enrichment of nutrients in land-based salmon aquaculture facility effluents compared to receiving waters. We measured nutrient concentrations and dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and quality via fluorescence spectroscopy in streams and effluent waters associated with 27 facilities in Chile. We found that facilities added on average 0.9 (s.d. = 2.0) mg-C L-1, 542 (s.d. = 637) μg-total N L-1, and 104 (s.d. = 104) μg-total P L-1 to effluents compared to stream waters. DOM in stream water was enriched in humic-like fluorescence, while aquaculture effluents were enriched in protein-like DOM fluorophores. Principal component and correlation analysis revealed that tryptophan-like fluorescence was a good predictor of total N and P in effluents, but the strength of significant linear relationships varied among individual facilities (r2: 0.2 to 0.9). Agreement between laboratory fluorescence and a portable fluorometer indicates the utility of in-situ sensors for monitoring of both tryptophan-like fluorescence and covarying nutrients in effluents. Thus, continuous in-situ sensors are likely to improve industry management and allow more robust estimates of aquaculture-derived nutrients delivered to receiving waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Ryan
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Graeber
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Germany
| | - Sebastian Osorio
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Aron Stubbins
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Woelfl
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge Nimptsch
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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13
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Montero P, Gutiérrez MH, Daneri G, Jacob B. The Effect of Salmon Food-Derived DOM and Glacial Melting on Activity and Diversity of Free-Living Bacterioplankton in Chilean Patagonian Fjords. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:772900. [PMID: 35087485 PMCID: PMC8787161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.772900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fjord ecosystems cycle and export significant amounts of carbon and appear to be extremely sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic perturbations. To identify patterns of microbial responses to ongoing natural and human-derived changes in the fjords of Chilean Patagonia, we examined the effect of organic enrichment associated with salmon aquaculture and freshening produced by glacial melting on bacterial production (BP), extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA), and community diversity of free-living bacterioplankton. We assayed the effects of salmon food-derived dissolved organic matter (SF-DOM) and meltwaters through microcosm experiments containing waters from Puyuhuapi Fjord and the proglacial fjords of the Southern Patagonia Icefield, respectively. Rates of BP and EEA were 2 times higher in the presence of SF-DOM than in controls, whereas the addition of autochthonous organic matter derived from diatoms (D-DOM) resulted in rates of BP and EEA similar to those measured in the controls. The addition of SF-DOM also reduced species richness and abundance of a significant fraction of the representative taxa of bacterioplankton of Puyuhuapi Fjord. In the proglacial fjords, bacterioplankton diversity was reduced in areas more heavily influenced by meltwaters and was accompanied by moderate positive changes in BP and EEA. Our findings strongly suggest that SF-DOM is highly reactive, promoting enhanced rates of microbial activity while could be influencing the diversity of bacterioplankton communities in Patagonian fjords with a strong salmon farming activity. These findings challenge the traditional view of phytoplankton production as the primary source of labile DOM that fuels heterotrophic activity in coastal ecosystems impacted by anthropogenic organic enrichment. Given the intensive local production of salmon, we analyze the significance of this emerging source of rich "allochthonous" organic substrates for autotrophic/heterotrophic balance, carbon exportation, and hypoxia in Patagonian fjords. The effect of human DOM enrichment can be enhanced in proglacial fjords, where progressive glacial melting exerts additional selective pressure on bacterioplankton diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Montero
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral and COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo H. Gutiérrez
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral and COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Giovanni Daneri
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral and COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bárbara Jacob
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
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14
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Kim J, Kim Y, Park SE, Kim TH, Kim BG, Kang DJ, Rho T. Impact of aquaculture on distribution of dissolved organic matter in coastal Jeju Island, Korea, based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:553-563. [PMID: 34331649 PMCID: PMC8724068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In Jeju Island, multiple land-based aquafarms were fully operational along most coastal region. However, the effect of effluent on distribution and behaviours of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal water are still unknown. To decipher characteristics of organic pollution, we compared physicochemical parameters with spectral optical properties near the coastal aquafarms in Jeju Island. Absorption spectra were measured to calculate the absorption coefficient, spectral slope coefficient, and specific UV absorbance. Fluorescent DOM was analysed using fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured using high-temperature catalytic oxidation. The DOC concentration near the discharge outlet was twice higher than that in natural groundwater, and the TDN concentration exponentially increased close to the outlet. These distribution patterns indicate that aquafarms are a significant source of DOM. Herein, principal component analysis was applied to categorise the DOM origins. There were two distinct groups, namely, aquaculture activity for TDN with humic-like and high molecular weights DOM (PC1: 48.1%) and natural biological activity in the coastal water for DOC enrichment and protein-like DOM (PC2: 18.8%). We conclude that the aquafarms significantly discharge organic nitrogen pollutants and provoke in situ production of organic carbon. Furthermore, these findings indicate the potential of optical techniques for the efficient monitoring of anthropogenic organic pollutants from aquafarms worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Park
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Guk Kim
- Underwater Survey Technology 21, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kang
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeKeun Rho
- Instrumental Development and Management Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
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15
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Dunne A, Carvalho S, Morán XAG, Calleja ML, Jones B. Localized effects of offshore aquaculture on water quality in a tropical sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112732. [PMID: 34330001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture production has increased steadily in many tropical countries over the past few decades, although impact assessments have been frequently neglected. We investigated the impacts of an offshore barramundi fish farm on water quality in the southern-central Red Sea, a traditionally understudied tropical, oligotrophic, and semi-enclosed basin. Inorganic nutrients, particulate matter, chlorophyll-a, and heterotrophic bacteria were measured periodically over 8 months around the farm. Water down-current from the farm had, on average, more heterotrophic bacteria and chlorophyll-a than up-current (11% and 34% higher, respectively). Ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen:phosphorus down-current from the farm were lower than ratios up-current (mean 9.8 vs 16.0, respectively). Phosphate, inorganic nitrogen, and particulate matter showed patterns of enrichment associated with the farm after a fish feeding event. Strategies such as feed optimization and considering hydrodynamics in site selection may improve water quality for future fish farms in Saudi Arabia and other tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Dunne
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Susana Carvalho
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xosé Anxelu G Morán
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón/Xixón (IEO, CSIC), Avda. Príncipe de Asturias 70 bis, 33212 Gijón/Xixón, Spain
| | - Maria Ll Calleja
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Burton Jones
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Valdebenito I, Figueroa E, Valdebenito M, Paiva L. Chorion Alterations in Eyed-Stage Salmonid Eggs Farmed in La Araucanía, Chile: A Retrospective Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082427. [PMID: 34438884 PMCID: PMC8388794 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The chorion (also called egg envelope) is the primary envelope that protects the fish embryo against drying, mechanical actions, and abrupt changes in the water conditions. Alterations of the chorion during the embryo incubation are not unusual, but these are scarcely reported. Increased occurrence of chorion alterations can lead to decreased reproductive performance and important losses for fish farms. Here, we described several chorion alterations observed in samples of embryonated eggs collected from different salmon and trout farms located in southern Chile over a period of 14 years. We detected four types of chorion alterations and found soft chorion as the most prevalent alteration in the years analyzed, affecting mainly Atlantic and Coho Salmon. Eggs of Rainbow Trout displayed fewer chorion alterations among the three species analyzed. As the eggs analyzed here were produced under standard industrial conditions, we conclude that these alterations are possibly linked to changes in water conditions, which need to be further investigated. Abstract The chorion is the primary envelop that protects the fish embryo against mechanical actions, pathogens, and abrupt changes in physical and chemicals conditions of the incubation medium. During embryo development, chorion alterations are not rare, but the occurrence of these is scarcely reported. Increased frequency of chorion alterations can result in increased embryo mortality and thus decreased reproductive performance and losses for fish farms. In this study, we characterize different chorion alterations observed in samples collected over 14 years from 12 salmon and trout farms located in the region of La Araucanía in southern Chile, which sent live eyed-stage embryos (‘eyed-eggs’) for quality analysis to our laboratory. We found soft chorion as the most common alteration observed, being present in the whole 14-year series analyzed in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and affecting up to 35.0% of the samples examined in a year. This alteration also affected up to 20.0 and 5.7% of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples analyzed in a year, respectively. We also found an increase of other chorion alterations, including perforated and white-spotted chorion in Atlantic and Coho Salmon, in the last 8 years. Among the three species, Rainbow Trout exhibited fewer chorion alterations. As the embryonated eggs analyzed here were obtained from broodstocks maintained under standard industrial conditions, these alterations might be linked to changes in environmental conditions affecting the incubation water that need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Valdebenito
- Departamento de Cs. Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (I.V.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria (NIPA), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Elías Figueroa
- Departamento de Cs. Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (I.V.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria (NIPA), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Matías Valdebenito
- Departamento de Cs. Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (I.V.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Luis Paiva
- Departamento de Cs. Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (I.V.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, social and environmental conflicts concerning the aquaculture sector have increased. These conflicts arise from the different perception that individuals, collectives, private companies and the State have about the potential impacts of aquaculture on the environment and quality of life. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of aquaculture projects in Chile is the main administrative tool for decision-making, allowing identify, predict, and propose preventive measures to mitigate negative consequences of this growing sector. This article analyzes the performance of the EIA in Chile concerning aquaculture projects between 1994 and 2019. Of the 5323 projects entering the Chilean EIA during this period, the EIA system-performance analysis selected the 71 most representative. For a reliable comparative analysis, the selected projects were first classified in accordance with the active regulation within the period. Subsequently, 14 performance indicators were selected and similarities—by means of a principal coordinate analysis—were explored. Significant differences between the third (SD40) and the first two (SD30 and SD95) regulations were observed. Based on these results and considering demands of local communities and social leaders (who request continuous articulations among technical areas, administrative tools, and policies to increase the sustainability standards of aquaculture), four opportunities for improving the EIA in aquaculture projects are proposed: incorporation of synergistic and cumulative effects, adaptation to climate change, development of a general methodology, and incorporation of early citizen participation (in projects having environmental charge) increasing the performance and confidence of the EIA. The introduced methodology enables comparisons of the EIA process in different regulatory periods using indicators, serving as guidance to evaluate the performance of the EIA in aquaculture. This methodology can also be used by other aquaculture producing countries around the world.
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18
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Alvarado-Flores C, Encina-Montoya F, Tucca F, Vega-Aguayo R, Nimptsch J, Oberti C, Carmona ER, Lüders C. Assessing the ecological risk of active principles used currently by freshwater fish farms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:144716. [PMID: 33631559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global aquaculture industry has grown exponentially in recent years using to control of infections and diseases, a variety of veterinary drugs (VMP) are used, including antibiotics, antifungals and antiparasitics, which have different routes of emission, environmental persistence and side effects to aquatic organisms, becoming one of the main concerns in its use of veterinary drugs (VMP) and its potential toxicological impact on the environment, in this context, Chile is considered one of the main salmon producers. Ecological risk assessment of active principles used infreshwater fish farms worldwide and in Chile were investigated. We recollect a physical - chemical properties of active principles used by fish farms and we could estimate the relative hazard a priori. Later active principles grouped as antibiotics (n = 6), antiparasitics (n = 5), anesthetics (n = 3), and disinfectants (n = 7) were assessed using a mass balance model based on fugacity was developed for each active principle under treatments via immersion and food administration in fish, while a volumetric model for disinfectants and sodium chloride was used for estimating the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), under a real smolt farming scenario in fish farms. Ecotoxicological data were collected from open literature to predict the no-effect concentration (PNEC). The ecological risk assessment was characterized using a risk quotient (RQ = PEC/PNEC) based in two assessment tiers. Results revealed that 12 active ingredients showed a high risk (RQ ≥ 1), thus indicating that adverse effects could occur and further investigation with measured concentrations in the field are required to reduce exposure in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alvarado-Flores
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Aquiculture Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile; Doctoral Program of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisco Encina-Montoya
- Nucleus of Environmental Sciences (NEA), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Felipe Tucca
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Rolando Vega-Aguayo
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Aquiculture Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile; Nucleus of Food Production (NIPA) Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Nimptsch
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Emilio Pugin, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Oberti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erico R Carmona
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat s/n Campus Huayquique, Iquique, Chile
| | - Carlos Lüders
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile
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19
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Chaves RC, Figueredo CC, Boëchat IG, Gücker B. Impacts of fish farming on elemental stoichiometry, fluorescence components, and stable isotopes of dissolved organic matter in a tropical reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115704. [PMID: 33039675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture impacts on aquatic organic matter and ecosystem integrity are poorly understood, especially in tropical regions. Here, we investigated the impacts of Nile tilapia net cage farming on the elemental stoichiometry, fluorescence components, and stable isotopes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of the large, tropical Furnas Reservoir (SE Brazil). Early-stage fish farming, i.e., relatively small and recently implemented farms, had detectable incipient effects on DOM characteristics, and these effects differed between reservoir branches. In the less eutrophic Rio Grande branch of the reservoir, we found a reduction in natural humic-like DOM components and an increase in a protein-like DOM component as far as 100 m away from fish farms. Further, we observed a decrease in δ15N-TDN due to fish farming. In the more eutrophic Rio Sapucaí branch, there were only local decreases in C:N ratios, as well as rises in C:P and N:P of DOM due to fish farming. These results suggest that early-stage fish farming had local but detectable effects on aquatic DOM that depended on previous eutrophication levels and highlight the need to assess the early impacts of fish farming on tropical reservoirs by combining different monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Chaves
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - C C Figueredo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - I G Boëchat
- Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil.
| | - B Gücker
- Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil.
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20
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Aguilar-Alarcón P, Gonzalez SV, Simonsen MA, Borrero-Santiago AR, Sanchís J, Meriac A, Kolarevic J, Asimakopoulos AG, Mikkelsen Ø. Characterizing changes of dissolved organic matter composition with the use of distinct feeds in recirculating aquaculture systems via high-resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142326. [PMID: 33370913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are a new alternative to traditional aquaculture approaches, allowing full control over the fish production conditions, while reducing the water demand. The reduction of water exchange leads to an accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that can have potential effects on water quality, fish welfare and system performance. Despite the growing awareness of DOM in aquaculture, scarce scientific information exists for understanding the composition and transformation of DOM in RAS. In this study, a non-targeted approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to characterize compositional changes of low molecular weight (LMW) DOM in RAS, when operated under two different feed types. A total of 1823 chemicals were identified and the majority of those contained a CHON chemical group in their structure. Changes in the composition of LMW-DOM in RAS waters were observed when the standard feed was switched to RAS feed. The DOM with the use of standard feed, consisted mainly of lignin/CRAM-like, CHO and CHOS chemical groups, while the DOM that used RAS feed, was mainly composed by unsaturated hydrocarbon, CHNO and CHNOS chemical groups. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity cluster demonstrated differences in the composition of DOM from RAS and was associated to the type of feed used. When the RAS feed was used, the Kendrick mass defect plots of -CH2- homologous units in the pump-sump (after the water treatment) showed a high removal capacity for CHNO, CHNOS and halogenated chemicals with high Kendrick mass defect, KMD > 0.7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LMW-DOM characterization of RAS by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Alarcón
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Susana V Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mads A Simonsen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ana R Borrero-Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H(2)O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Herzsprung P, Wentzky V, Kamjunke N, von Tümpling W, Wilske C, Friese K, Boehrer B, Reemtsma T, Rinke K, Lechtenfeld OJ. Improved Understanding of Dissolved Organic Matter Processing in Freshwater Using Complementary Experimental and Machine Learning Approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13556-13565. [PMID: 32966053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems and poses a major problem for drinking water production. However, our understanding of DOM reactivity in natural systems is hampered by its complex molecular composition. Here, we used Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and data from two independent studies to disentangle DOM reactivity based on photochemical and microbial-induced transformations. Robust correlations of FT-ICR-MS peak intensities with chlorophyll a and solar irradiation were used to define 9 reactivity classes for 1277 common molecular formulas. Germany's largest drinking water reservoir was sampled for 1 year, and DOM processing in stratified surface waters could be attributed to photochemical transformations during summer months. Microbial DOM alterations could be distinguished based on correlation coefficients with chlorophyll a and often shared molecular features (elemental ratios and mass) with photoreactive compounds. In particular, many photoproducts and some microbial products were identified as potential precursors of disinfection byproducts. Molecular DOM features were used to further predict molecular reactivity for the remaining compounds in the data set based on a random forest model. Our method offers an expandable classification approach to integrate the reactivity of DOM from specific environments and link it to molecular properties and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Herzsprung
- Department Lake Research, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Wentzky
- Department Lake Research, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kamjunke
- Department River Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Department River Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christin Wilske
- Department River Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Friese
- Department Lake Research, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Boehrer
- Department Lake Research, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department Analytical Chemistry, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Rinke
- Department Lake Research, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department Analytical Chemistry, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS - Centre for Chemical Microscopy, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Development and comparison of formula assignment algorithms for ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra of natural organic matter. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:247-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Niu XZ, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Croué JP. Characterisation of dissolved organic matter using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Type-specific unique signatures and implications for reactivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:68-76. [PMID: 29980087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chemodiversity and unique signatures for dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different types of water using high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Eight freshwater hydrophobic DOM (HPO) share 10-17% formulas that were mainly lignin-like compounds. Unique signatures were synthesized: unique to the high-humic HPO (Suwannee River and Blavet River) were condensed aromatic and some aliphatic compounds with H/C > 1.5 and O/C < 0.2, which is considered as decisive of these black river water. Medium-humic isolates (Loire River, Seine River, South Platte River, and Ribou Dam) did not show explicit unique signatures. Nonetheless, enhanced chemodiversity was observed for medium-humic isolates extracted from a variety of indigenous environmental conditions. As an example, South Platte River HPO isolated in winter showed signatures similar to low-humic HPO (Colorado River), i.e., predominantly aliphatic CHO (H/C > 1.0). Effluent HPO was mainly aliphatic molecules with 0.2 < O/C < 0.5 and enriched in S-bearing molecules, and molecules unique to glacial DOM (Pony Lake) incorporated N-bearing compounds that were inferiorly oxidized and were considered as microbial-derived. The weight-averaged double bond equivalent and elemental ratio derived from FTICR-MS were compared with SUVA254 and the results from elemental analysis. This acts as the first study to synthesize unique chemical compositions that distinguish different types of DOM and determine certain reactivity. It is also a significant reference for future studies using similar types of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi Niu
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Mourad Harir
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter landstrasse. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter landstrasse. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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24
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Hornick KM, Buschmann AH. Insights into the diversity and metabolic function of bacterial communities in sediments from Chilean salmon aquaculture sites. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Dadi T, Harir M, Hertkorn N, Koschorreck M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Herzsprung P. Redox Conditions Affect Dissolved Organic Carbon Quality in Stratified Freshwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13705-13713. [PMID: 29112416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) affects both carbon cycling in surface waters and drinking water production. Not much is known about the influence of environmental conditions on DOC quality. We studied the effect of redox conditions on the chemical composition of DOC in a drinking water reservoir by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in combination with sediment core incubation experiments under manipulated redox conditions. We observed clear differences in DOC quality among oxic epilimnion, anoxic hypolimnion, and sediment porewater. Sediment porewater showed relatively high intensities of polyphenol-like components with H/C ratios of <1 and O/C ratios of >0.6. Consistent with this, anoxic incubation of a sediment core resulted in an accumulation of these components in the overlying water. The observed pattern of DOC quality change can be explained by redox-dependent adsorption/desorption of DOC on iron minerals. Under oxic conditions, the polyphenol-like components bind on freshly formed iron hydroxides, a process that affects both DOC stability in surface waters and treatability during drinking water production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallent Dadi
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Lake Research, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Koschorreck
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Lake Research, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Lake Research, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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26
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Kamjunke N, von Tümpling W, Hertkorn N, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Norf H, Weitere M, Herzsprung P. A new approach for evaluating transformations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) via high-resolution mass spectrometry and relating it to bacterial activity. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:513-523. [PMID: 28697482 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Streams are important sites of transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The molecular characterization of DOM-quality changes requires sophisticated analytical evaluation techniques. The goal of our study was to link molecular DOM transformation with bacterial activity. We measured the degradation of leaf leachate over a gradient of bacterial production obtained by different rates of percolation of sediments in seven experimental flumes on five sampling dates. We developed a new strategy for evaluating molecular formula data sets obtained by ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS), in which the time-dependent change of component abundance was fitted by a linear regression model after normalization of mass peak intensities. All components were categorized by calculating the slope (change of percent intensity per day) in each of the seven flumes. These slopes were then related to cumulative bacterial production. The concentration of DOM decreased quickly in all flumes. Bacterial activity was higher in flumes with percolated sediment than in those without percolation, whereas plankton bacterial activity was higher in flumes without percolation or without sediment. There were no differences in molecular-DOM characteristics between flumes, but there were distinct changes over time. Positive slopes, i.e. increasing intensities over time, were found for small molecules (MW < 450 Da) and high O/C ratios, whereas decreasing intensities were observed less often and only for large molecules and low O/C ratios. The positive slopes of produced components showed a positive relationship to bacterial production for small and for oxygen-rich components. The negative slopes of degraded components were negatively related to bacterial production for large and for oxygen-deficient molecules. Overall, the approach provided new insights into the transformation of specific molecular DOM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kamjunke
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Lake Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz-Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz-Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University Munich, Chair Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz-Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University Munich, Chair Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Helge Norf
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Lake Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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