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Garcia-Quiñones JA, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Serna-Rodríguez MF, Marino-Martínez IA, Rivas-Estilla AM, Pérez-Maya AA. Genetic Variants Associated with Suicide Risk in the Mexican Population: A Systematic Literature Review. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:71-89. [PMID: 36772904 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2176269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is defined as the action of harming oneself with the intention of dying. It is estimated that worldwide, one person dies by suicide every 40 s, making it a major health problem. Studies in families have suggested that suicide has a genetic component, so the search for genetic variants associated with suicidal behavior could be useful as potential biomarkers to identify people at risk of suicide. In Mexico, some studies of gene variants related to neurotransmission and other important pathways have been carried out and potential association of variants located in the following genes has been suggested: SLC6A4, SAT-1, TPH-2, ANKK1, GSHR, SCARA50, RGS10, STK33, COMT, and FKBP5. This systematic review shows the genetic studies conducted on the Mexican population. This article contributes by compiling the existing information on genetic variants and genes associated with suicidal behavior, in the future could be used as potential biomarkers to identify people at risk of suicide.
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Bednarova A, Habalova V, Iannaccone SF, Tkac I, Jarcuskova D, Krivosova M, Marcatili M, Hlavacova N. Association of HTTLPR, BDNF, and FTO Genetic Variants with Completed Suicide in Slovakia. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030501. [PMID: 36983683 PMCID: PMC10059737 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since suicide and suicidal behavior are considered highly heritable phenotypes, the identification of genetic markers that can predict suicide risk is a clinically important topic. Several genes studied for possible associations between genetic polymorphisms and suicidal behaviors had mostly inconsistent and contradictory findings. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the associations between completed suicide and polymorphisms in genes BDNF (rs6265, rs962369), SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR), and FTO (rs9939609) in relation to sex and BMI. We genotyped 119 completed suicide victims and 137 control subjects that were age, sex, and ethnicity matched. A significant association with completed suicide was found for BDNF rs962369. This variant could play a role in completed suicide, as individuals with the CC genotype were more often found among suicides than in control subjects. After sex stratification, the association remained significant only in males. A nominally significant association between the gene variant and BMI was observed for BDNF rs962369 under the overdominant model. Heterozygotes with the TC genotype showed a lower average BMI than homozygotes with TT or CC genotypes. FTO polymorphism (rs9939609) did not affect BMI in the group of Slovak suicide completers, but our findings follow an inverse association between BMI and completed suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Bednarova
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, University Hospital of Louis Pasteur, 041 90 Kosice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +421-55-615-27-22
| | - Viera Habalova
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Farkasova Iannaccone
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Tkac
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, University Hospital of Louis Pasteur, 041 90 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Jarcuskova
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, University Hospital of Louis Pasteur, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Krivosova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Matteo Marcatili
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 209 00 Monza, Italy
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Association of HLA class II alleles with suicidal behavior in a Transylvanian population. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2023-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a complex phenomenon determined by the interaction of various risk factors. The Major Histocompatibility Complex is the most polymorphic gene cluster of the entire human genome, being linked to both the regulation of the immune system and various psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to identify HLA-DQB1 and DRB1 alleles and genotypes susceptible to influence suicidal behavior.
Methods: We explored the association of HLA-DQB1 alleles with the suicidal behavior on a sample of 427 individuals (including 110 suicide attempters) from Transylvania, as well as the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with the suicidal behavior on a sample of 271 individuals (including 50 suicide attempters), using the single specific primer-PCR (SSP-PCR) technique.
Results: We found that the HLA-DQB1*02, *03 and *06 alleles, the DQB1*02/*03, DQB1*02/*06, DRB1*12/*15 and DRB1*07/*13 genotypes, as well as the DQB1*06~DRB1*07 and DQB1*02~DRB1*13 haplotypes, were more frequent in suicide attempters. In contrast, the HLA-DQB1*04 and DQB1*13 alleles, the DQB1*02/*05 and DQB1*03/*05 genotypes and the DQB1*03~DRB1*13 haplotype were less frequent in the case group.
Conclusion: HLA-DQB1*02, *03 and *06 alleles and the DQB1*02/*03 and *02/*06 genotypes are susceptible to favor a suicide behavior, while the HLA-DQB1*04 and *13 alleles and the DQB1*02/*05 and *03/*05 genotypes were protective against such behavior. A similar analysis regarding the HLA-DRB1 alleles detected a possible risk for suicidal behavior among individuals possessing either the DRB1*12/*15 or the DRB1*07/*13 genotypes. DQB1*06~DRB1*07 and DQB1*02~DRB1*13 haplotypes were found susceptible to favor a suicidal behavior, while DQB1*03~DRB1*13 exhibited a protective influence.
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Pharmacological Strategies for Suicide Prevention Based on the Social Pain Model: A Scoping Review. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behaviour is a public health problem whose magnitude is both substantial and increasing. Since many individuals seek medical treatment following a suicide attempt, strategies aimed at reducing further attempts in this population are a valid and feasible secondary prevention approach. An evaluation of the available evidence suggests that existing treatment approaches have a limited efficacy in this setting, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to suicide prevention. Existing research on the neurobiology of social pain has highlighted the importance of this phenomenon as a risk factor for suicide, and has also yielded several attractive targets for pharmacological strategies that could reduce suicidality in patients with suicidal ideation or a recent attempt. In this paper, the evidence related to these targets is synthesized and critically evaluated. The way in which social pain is related to the “anti-suicidal” properties of recently approved treatments, such as ketamine and psilocybin, is examined. Such strategies may be effective for the short-term reduction in suicidal ideation and behaviour, particularly in cases where social pain is identified as a contributory factor. These pharmacological approaches may be effective regardless of the presence or absence of a specific psychiatric diagnosis, but they require careful evaluation.
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Transcriptome Profiling of the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex in Suicide Victims. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137067. [PMID: 35806070 PMCID: PMC9266666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays an outstanding role in psychiatric disorders. Still, gene expressional changes in its major component, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), have not been characterized. We used RNA sequencing in postmortem DMPFC samples to investigate suicide victims compared to control subjects. 1400 genes differed using log2FC > ±1 and adjusted p-value < 0.05 criteria between groups. Genes associated with depressive disorder, schizophrenia and impaired cognition were strongly overexpressed in top differentially expressed genes. Protein−protein interaction and co-expressional networks coupled with gene set enrichment analysis revealed that pathways related to cytokine receptor signaling were enriched in downregulated, while glutamatergic synaptic signaling upregulated genes in suicidal individuals. A validated differentially expressed gene, which is known to be associated with mGluR5, was the N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding protein 2 (NECAB2). In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry proved that NECAB2 is expressed in two different types of inhibitory neurons located in layers II-IV and VI, respectively. Our results imply extensive gene expressional alterations in the DMPFC related to suicidal behavior. Some of these genes may contribute to the altered mental state and behavior of suicide victims.
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Videtič Paska A, Kouter K. Machine learning as the new approach in understanding biomarkers of suicidal behavior. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:398-408. [PMID: 33485296 PMCID: PMC8292863 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In psychiatry, compared to other medical fields, the identification of biological markers that would complement current clinical interview, and enable more objective and faster clinical diagnosis, implement accurate monitoring of treatment response and remission, is grave. Current technological development enables analyses of various biological marks in high throughput scale at reasonable costs, and therefore 'omic' studies are entering the psychiatry research. However, big data demands a whole new plethora of skills in data processing, before clinically useful information can be extracted. So far the classical approach to data analysis did not really contribute to identification of biomarkers in psychiatry, but the extensive amounts of data might get to a higher level, if artificial intelligence in the shape of machine learning algorithms would be applied. Not many studies on machine learning in psychiatry have been published, but we can already see from that handful of studies that the potential to build a screening portfolio of biomarkers for different psychopathologies, including suicide, exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Videtič Paska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Kouter
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hoertel N, Cipel H, Blanco C, Oquendo MA, Ellul P, Leaune E, Limosin F, Peyre H, Costemale-Lacoste JF. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamines among suicide attempters: A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:224-235. [PMID: 33618064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems may be implied in suicide attempt risk. In addition, although the serotonergic system has been extensively studied, no formal meta-analysis has been performed to examine its association with suicide attempt. METHODS Using PRISMA methodology, we performed a systematic literature review and random-effects meta-analyses of the differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 5-HIAA, HVA and MHPG between suicide attempters and individuals who never attempted suicide. RESULTS We identified 30 studies including 937 suicide attempters and 1128 non-attempters; 29 of them measured CSF levels of 5-HIAA, 22 measured CSF levels of HVA and 14 measured CSF levels of MHPG. CSF levels of 5-HIAA and HVA were significantly lower in suicide attempters than in non-attempters [SMD = -0.43 (95% CI: -0.71 to -0.15; p < 0.01) and SMD = -0.45 (95% CI: -0.72 to -0.19; p < 0.01), respectively]. We did not find a significant association between CSF MHPG levels and suicide attempt. LIMITATIONS Our analyses relied on a limited number of studies of good quality and most studies included small sample sizes. CONCLUSION Both serotonin and dopamine systems may play a role in suicide attempt risk. Our findings suggest that a silo approach to biomarkers should be phased out in favor of the study of multiple systems in parallel and in the same populations to progress in the identification of the biological components independently associated with suicide risk, with the goal of identifying new treatment targets and improving suicide risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, France; INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Cipel
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Edourd Leaune
- CPS/Psymobile - CH Le Vinatier / IRPhiL - Université Lyon 3, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Département de Psychiatrie, France; INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Costemale-Lacoste
- GHU Paris, Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris University, France; INSERM UMRS 1178, CESP, Team « MOODS », Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Roy B, Dwivedi Y. Modeling endophenotypes of suicidal behavior in animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:819-827. [PMID: 33421543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health concern. One of the common contributors to the increased risk for suicide is the genetic constitution of individuals, which determines certain endophenotypic traits used as quantifiable measure of neurobiological functions. Therefore, a logical deconstruction of the originating endophenotypes associated with suicidal risk could provide a better understanding of this complex disorder. In this regard, non-human animals can be a useful resource to test endophenotypes of suicidal behavior and the neurobiology underlying these endophenotypes. In this review, we have focused on the neurobiological abnormalities, primarily genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, associated with suicidal behavior and the scope of their modeling in animals. This can substantially advance the current understanding of suicidal behavior manifested with certain trait-based endophenotypes and may provide an opportunity to test novel hypotheses as well as aid in the development of treatment opportunities and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 7(th) Avenue South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 7(th) Avenue South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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9
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Nielsen DA, Deng H, Patriquin MA, Harding MJ, Oldham J, Salas R, Fowler JC, Frueh BC. Association of TPH1 and serotonin transporter genotypes with treatment response for suicidal ideation: a preliminary study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:633-642. [PMID: 30923939 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Variants in three genes coding for components of the serotonergic system, the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) rs1799913, serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) 5-HTTLPR, and serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) rs6311, were evaluated for association with suicidal ideation (SI) and with recovery from SI in a psychiatric inpatient population. Five hundred and eighty-two adult inpatients, including 390 patients who had SI, collected from December 2012 to April 2016 were assessed. SI recovery, calculated as change in SI between the first two-week period after admission and weeks 5 and 6, was appraised for association with the three variants. In this preliminary study, both TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR genotypes were associated with recovery (TPH1: recessive model, increased recovery with AC genotype, P = 0.026; additive model, increased recovery with AC genotype, P = 0.037; 5-HTTLPR: recessive model, increased recovery with AC, P = 0.043). When patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) were removed, given that TPH1 has been associated with alcoholism, the associations of those recovered from SI with TPH1 rs1799913 remained significant for the additive (increased recovery with AC, P = 0.045) and recessive (increased recovery with C-carriers, P = 0.008) models, and with 5-HTTLPR using the dominant model (increased recovery with S'S', P = 0.016). In females, an association of SI recovery with TPH1 rs1799913 was found using a recessive model (increased recovery with C-carriers, P = 0.031), with 5-HTTLPR using additive (increased recovery with L'S', P = 0.048) and recessive (increased recovery with S'S', P = 0.042) models. Additionally, an association of SI with TPH1 rs1799913 was found in females using both additive (increased risk in AC, P = 0.033) and recessive (increased risk in C-carriers, P = 0.043) models, and with 5-HTTLPR using a recessive model (increased risk in S'S', P = 0.030). This study provides evidence that variation in the TPH1 and serotonin transporter genes play key roles in moderating recovery from SI during treatment in an inpatient psychiatric clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Nielsen
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Building 110, Suite 227, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Huiqiong Deng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle A Patriquin
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Building 110, Suite 227, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Harding
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Building 110, Suite 227, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Oldham
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Building 110, Suite 227, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Building 110, Suite 227, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Christopher Fowler
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Building 110, Suite 227, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Christopher Frueh
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Building 110, Suite 227, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, USA
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Mechelke J, Rust D, Jaeger A, Hollender J. Enantiomeric Fractionation during Biotransformation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals in Recirculating Water-Sediment Test Flumes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7291-7301. [PMID: 32388979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many organic contaminants entering the aquatic environment feature stereogenic structural elements that give rise to enantiomerism. While abiotic processes usually act identical on enantiomers, biotic processes, such as biodegradation often result in enantiomeric fractionation (EFr), i.e., the change of the relative abundance of enantiomers. Therefore, EFr offers the opportunity to differentiate biodegradation in complex environmental systems from abiotic processes. In this study, an achiral-chiral two-dimensional liquid chromatographic method for the enantioseparation of selected pharmaceuticals was developed. This method was then applied to determine the enantiomeric compositions of eight chiral pharmaceuticals in 20 water-sediment test flumes and test EFr as an indicator of biodegradation. While all eight substances were attenuated by at least 60%, five (atenolol, metoprolol, celiprolol, propranolol, and flecainide) displayed EFr. No EFr was observed for citalopram, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine despite almost complete attenuation (80 to 100%). Celiprolol, a barely studied β-blocker, revealed the most distinct EFr among all investigated substances; however, EFr varied considerably with biodiversity. Celiprolol-H2 was identified as a biological transformation product possibly formed by reduction of the celiprolol keto group through a highly regio- and enantioselective carbonyl reductase. While celiprolol-H2 was observed across all flumes, as expected, its formation was faster in flumes with high bacterial diversity where also EFr was highest. Overall, EFr and transformation product formation together served as good indicators of biological processes; however, the strong dependence of EFr on biodiversity limits its usefulness in complex environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mechelke
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Rust
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Department Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Bokor J, Krause S, Torok D, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Gal Z, Petschner P, Anderson IM, Deakin B, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Gonda X. "Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow": 5-HTTLPR Is Associated With Current Suicidal Ideation but Not With Previous Suicide Attempts and Interacts With Recent Relationship Problems. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:567. [PMID: 32670107 PMCID: PMC7331851 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is an unresolved psychiatric and public health emergency, claiming 800,000 lives each year, however, its neurobiological etiology is still not understood. In spite of original reports concerning the involvement of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with recent stress in the appearance of suicidal ideation and attempts, replication studies have yielded contradictory results. In our study, we analyzed the association between 5-HTTLPR and lifetime suicide attempts, current suicidal ideation, hopelessness and thoughts of death as main effects, and in interaction with childhood adversities, recent stress, and different types of recent life events in a general population sample. METHODS Two thousand and three hundred fifty-eight unrelated European volunteers were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR, provided phenotypic data on previous suicide attempts, and current suicidal ideation, hopelessness and thoughts about death, and information on childhood adversities and recent life events. Logistic and linear regression models were run with age, gender, and population as covariates to test for the effect of 5-HTTLPR as a main effect and in interaction with childhood adversities and recent life events on previous suicide attempts and current suicidal ideation. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR Q values were calculated to correct for multiple testing. RESULTS 5-HTTLPR had no significant effect on lifetime suicide attempts either as a main effect on in interaction with childhood adversities. 5-HTTLPR had a significant main effect on current suicidal ideation in the dominant model (Q=0.0344). 5-HTTLPR did not interact with childhood adversities or total number of recent life events on any phenotypes related to current suicidal risk, however, a significant interaction effect between 5-HTTLPR and current relationship problems emerged in the case of current suicidal ideation in the dominant model (Q=0.0218) and in the case of thoughts about death and dying in the dominant (Q=0.0094) and additive models (Q=0.0281). CONCLUSION While 5-HTTLPR did not influence previous suicide attempts or interacted with childhood adversities, it did influence current suicidal ideation with, in addition, an interaction with recent relationship problems supporting the involvement of 5-HTTLPR in suicide. Our findings that 5-HTTLPR impacts only certain types of suicide risk-related behaviors and that it interacts with only distinct types of recent stressors provides a possible explanation for previous conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Bokor
- Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Krause
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Humanity and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Pazmany Peter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Brick LA, Marraccini ME, Micalizzi L, Benca-Bachman CE, Knopik VS, Palmer RHC. Overlapping genetic effects between suicidal ideation and neurocognitive functioning. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:104-111. [PMID: 30769295 PMCID: PMC6937431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Several studies have indicated significant genetic influences on suicide-related phenotypes and mounting evidence from neurobiological research has linked deficits in neurocognitive abilities to suicide phenotypes. The goal of the present study was to estimate the heritability of suicidal ideation (SI) in a large sample of adolescents and determine if SI is genetically correlated with neurocognitive functioning. METHODS Genome-wide data (N = 3564 unrelated individuals of European Ancestry) were drawn from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort. Adolescents completed a psychiatric assessment, as well as a computerized neurocognitive battery to assess performance across four domains: memory, executive function, social cognition, and complex cognition. Genomic-relatedness-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) estimation was used to determine SNP-heritability (h2SNP) of SI and the genetic correlation (rG) between SI and neurocognitive domains. RESULTS Nearly 17% of adolescents reported SI. The SNP-heritability estimate for SI was marginally significant (h2SNP = 11%, SE = 8%, p = 0.086). Bivariate analyses indicated a significant rG between SI and emotion identification (rG = 0.79, SE = 0.45, p = 0.006; phenotypic correlation r = 0.04, p = 0.017). LIMITATIONS It is possible that SI may represent a related, but differentially heritable construct from suicide attempts/completion and other comorbid psychopathology. Additionally, though genetic correlations point to shared genetic factors across traits, direct causal mechanisms cannot be deduced. CONCLUSIONS Common heritable factors contribute to variation in SI and neurocognitive functioning. Genetic factors influencing emotion identification have significant genetic overlap with SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Marisa E Marraccini
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Micalizzi
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Fanelli G, Serretti A. The influence of the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on suicidal behaviors: a meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:375-387. [PMID: 30125622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal Behavior (SB) is the second leading cause of death among youths worldwide and the tenth among all age groups. Inherited genetic differences have a role in suicidality with heritability ranging from 30 to 55%. The SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR gene variant has been largely investigated for association with SB, with controversial results. In this work, we sought to determine whether the results of previous meta-analyses were confirmed or modified subsequent to the inclusion of more recent literature data. An electronic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published until July 2018. Data were analysed through RevMan v5.3. Subgroup and sensitivity meta-analyses were performed considering different SB sub-phenotypes, ethnicity, gender and psychiatric diagnostic categories. Our literature search yielded 1186 articles; among these, we identified 45 pertinent case-control studies (15,341 subjects). No association was found between low-expressing alleles or genotypes (S + LG alleles or S' carrier genotypes) and SB in the primary analyses. However, low-expressing alleles (S + LG) were associated with an increased risk of Violent Suicide Attempt (OR = 1.44, C.I. 1.17-1.78, p = .0007). An effect of the same alleles on SB was found in a subpopulation of substance abusers, but this result was not confirmed after the exclusion of healthy subjects from the control group. The other sensitivity meta-analyses did not show any significant effect. Our findings contribute to clarify the conflicting previous evidence by suggesting an association between the 5-HTTLPR and Violent SB. Nonetheless, many other modulators, including environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms may act to further increase the level of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Plans L, Barrot C, Nieto E, Rios J, Schulze TG, Papiol S, Mitjans M, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the literature. J Affect Disord 2019; 242:111-122. [PMID: 30173059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Completed suicide is a major cause of death in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to provide an overall review of the existing literature of completed suicide in BD patients, including clinical and genetic data DATA SOURCES: We performed a systematic review of English and non-English articles published on MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane database (1970-2017). Additional studies were identified by contacting clinical experts, searching bibliographies, major textbooks and website of World Health Organization. Initially we did a broad search for the association of bipolar disorder and suicide and we were narrowing the search in terms included "bipolar disorder" and "completed suicide". STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were articles about completed suicide in patients with BD. Articles exclusively focusing on suicide attempts and suicidal behaviour have been excluded. We used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) consensus for drafting this systematic review. RESULTS The initial search generated 2806 articles and a total of 61 meeting our inclusion criteria. We reviewed epidemiological data, genetic factors, risk factors and treatment of completed suicide in BD. Suicide rates in BD vary between studies but our analyses show that they are approximately 20-30-fold greater than in general population. The highest risk of successful suicide was observed in BD-II subjects. The heritability of completed suicide is about 40% and some genes related to major neurotransmitter systems have been associated with suicide. Lithium is the only treatment that has shown anti-suicide potential. LIMITATIONS The most important limitation of the present review is the limited existing literature on completed suicide in BD. CONCLUSIONS BD patients are at high risk for suicide. It is possible to identify some factors related to completed suicide, such as early onset, family history of suicide among first-degree relatives, previous attempted suicides, comorbidities and treatment. However it is necessary to promote research on this serious health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Plans
- Mental Health Division of Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Barrot
- Forensic Genetic Laboratori, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Nieto
- Mental Health Division of Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rios
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Laboratório de Bioestatística e Epidemiologia, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Bioestadística y Plataforma de Gestión de Datos, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Kimbrel NA, Garrett ME, Dennis MF, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE, Beckham JC. A genome-wide association study of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in U.S. military veterans. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:64-69. [PMID: 30145303 PMCID: PMC6207450 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Death by suicide and suicidal behavior are major concerns among U.S. military veterans; however, no genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies of suicidal behavior have been conducted among U.S. military veterans to date, despite the elevated rate of suicidal behavior observed within this population. Accordingly, the primary objective of the present research was to conduct the first GWAS of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in a large and well-characterized sample of U.S. military veterans. The gene most significantly associated (p = 9.28 × 10-7) with suicide attempts was the Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily M Regulatory Beta Subunit 2 (KCNMB2) gene, which plays a key role in neuronal excitability. In addition, replication analyses provided additional support for the potential role of the ABI Family Member 3 Binding Protein (ABI3BP) gene in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior, as numerous nominal associations were found between this gene and both suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. Additional work aimed at replicating and extending these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to: Dr. Nathan A. Kimbrel, VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 3022 Croasdaile Drive, Durham, NC, 27705,
| | | | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Naji L, Rosic T, Dennis B, Bhatt M, Sanger N, Hudson J, Mouravska N, Thabane L, Samaan Z. The association between cannabis use and suicidal behavior in patients with psychiatric disorders: an analysis of sex differences. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:22. [PMID: 29891008 PMCID: PMC5996511 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug. In the general population, its use has been linked to a heightened propensity for suicidal behavior (SB). We hypothesize that this association varies in patients with psychiatric disorders. SB is known to vary by sex and therefore an investigation of cannabis' association with SB must consider sex differences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between cannabis use and suicide attempts in men and women with psychiatric disorders. METHODS We merged data collected for two studies based in Ontario, Canada (n = 985). We employed a multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between cannabis use and suicide attempts in men and women with psychiatric disorders. RESULTS We analyzed data from 465 men and 444 women. Amongst these, 112 men and 158 women had attempted suicide. The average age of our participants was 40 years (standard deviation (SD) 12.4). We found no significant association between suicide attempts and cannabis use in men (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81, 2.22, p = 0.260) or women (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.61, 1.54, p = 0.884). In a sensitivity analysis using a sample of patients with substance use disorder only, the heaviness of cannabis use was associated with small but significant association with SB in men (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01, 1.05, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that there is no association between cannabis use and suicidal behavior in men or women with psychiatric disorders unlike what was reported for the general population, though the heaviness of cannabis use may have an effect in men. The impact of cannabis use in psychiatric disorders needs ongoing examination in light of its common use, impending legalization with expected increased access and the uncertainty about cannabis' effects on prognosis of psychiatric disorders. In addition, research should continue to investigate modifiable risk factors of SB in this population of which cannabis is not a significant factor based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Naji
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tea Rosic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Mood Disorders Program, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | | | - Meha Bhatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nitika Sanger
- Medical Science Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jackie Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Mood Disorders Program, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | | | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Mood Disorders Program, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. .,Population Genomic Program, Chanchalani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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17
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Mirkovic B, Cohen D, Laurent C, Lasfar M, Marguet C, Gerardin P. A case-control association study of 12 candidate genes and attempted suicide in French adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0089/ijamh-2017-0089.xml. [PMID: 28902619 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Suicide is the second leading cause of death for 10-19-year-olds. Evidence has shown that attempted suicide is a complex interplay of genes and environmental factors. In the adult population, possible associations between genetic polymorphisms and suicidal behaviors have been investigated for several genes, most often with inconsistent findings and poor replicability of significant associations. This study aimed to identify gene variants conferring risk for adolescent suicide attempt. Methods We selected the genes and variants after an analysis of the literature and a selection of the most significant associations identified. We performed analysis on 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 genes (COMT, CRHR1, FKBP5, SLC6A4, HTR1B, HTR2A, TPH1, TPH2, BDNF, NTRK2, NOS1 and IL28RA) for association with suicide attempt, hopelessness and impulsivity in an independent sample, composed of 98 adolescent suicide attempters who required hospitalization based on emergency assessments, and 150 healthy volunteers. Quality controls, deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium and statistical tests of association (case/control) were calculated using PLINK. Asymptotic p-values were corrected with the Benjamini-Hochberg method. The level of significance was set to 0.05. Results We identified four polymorphisms of interest, rs10868235 (NTRK2), rs1659400 (NTRK2), rs2682826 (NOS1) and rs7305115 (TPH2), with significant associations for suicide attempts or for the quantitative hopelessness or impulsivity phenotypes. However, none of the associations withstand statistical correction tests. Conclusion Our results do not support the role of the 22 SNPs selected in suicide attempt or hopelessness and impulsivity in adolescent population. However, the relatively small sample size and the probable effect of gene-gene interaction or gene-environment interaction on suicidal behavior could not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Mirkovic
- Fédération hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (FHUPEA), CHU Charles Nicolle, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
- INSERM CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, F-76031,France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - David Cohen
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Unité mixte de recherches CNRS-UMR-722, Institut des systèmes intelligents et de robotique Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Laurent
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Malaika Lasfar
- Fédération hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (FHUPEA), CHU Charles Nicolle, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Marguet
- Département de pédiatrie médicale, CHU Charles Nicolle, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Prsicille Gerardin
- Fédération hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (FHUPEA), CHU Charles Nicolle, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
- Laboratoire Psy-NCA-EA-4700, Psychologie et neuroscience de la cognition et de l'affectivité, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
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18
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Glenn CR, Cha CB, Kleiman EM, Nock MK. Understanding Suicide Risk within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework: Insights, Challenges, and Future Research Considerations. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 5:568-592. [PMID: 28670505 PMCID: PMC5487002 DOI: 10.1177/2167702616686854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Prior research has focused primarily on sociodemographic and psychiatric risk factors with little improvement in the prediction or prevention of suicidal behavior over time. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) may be an especially useful framework for advancing research in this area. This paper provides a brief and broad overview of research on suicidal behavior relating to each of the RDoC domains-highlighting the RDoC construct(s) where research has focused, construct(s) where research is lacking, and suggestions for future research directions. We also discuss major challenges for suicide research within the RDoC framework, including the intersection of RDoC domains, interaction of domains with the environment, incorporation of developmental stage, integration of distal and proximal processes, and inclusion of suicide-specific constructs. We conclude by underscoring important considerations for future research aimed at using the RDoC framework to study suicidal behavior and other forms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R. Glenn
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester
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19
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Introduction The influence of personality traits on suicidal behaviour risk has been well documented. Personality traits and suicidal behaviour are partially genetically determined and personality has been described as an endophenotype of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between personality traits with suicidal behaviour and selected serotonergic gene polymorphisms. METHODS In the study we included 156 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder (BP) and 93 healthy controls. The personality dimensions were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We genotyped two selected polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene (rs1800532 218A>C and rs1799913 779A>C) and polymorphism in the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531) related to serotoninergic neurotransmission. Multiple poisson regression, logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. RESULTS We found numerous differences between the BP patients and the control group in terms of their TCI dimensions/subdimensions. Significant differences were found between patients with, and without, suicidal attempts in fatigability and asthenia (Ha4), as well as in harm avoidance (Ha). We also found that the interactions between TCI subdimensions (the interaction of disordiness (Ns4) and spiritual acceptance (St3), disordiness (Ns4) and integrated conscience (C5), extravagance (Ns3) and resourcefulness (Sd3)) were significantly contributing for suicidal behaviour risk. We found association between all studied genetic polymorphisms and several TCI dimensions and subdimensions. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that personality traits are partially determined by genes. Both personality traits and the interactions between temperament and character traits, may be helpful in predicting suicidal behaviour.
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20
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Ludwig B, Roy B, Wang Q, Birur B, Dwivedi Y. The Life Span Model of Suicide and Its Neurobiological Foundation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:74. [PMID: 28261051 PMCID: PMC5306400 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The very incomprehensibility of the suicidal act has been occupying the minds of researchers and health professionals for a long time. Several theories of suicide have been proposed since the beginning of the past century, and a myriad of neurobiological studies have been conducted over the past two decades in order to elucidate its pathophysiology. Both neurobiology and psychological theories tend to work in parallel lines that need behavioral and empirical data respectively, to confirm their hypotheses. In this review, we are proposing a "Life Span Model of Suicide" with an attempt to integrate the "Stress-Diathesis Model" and the "Interpersonal Model of Suicide" into a neurobiological narrative and support it by providing a thorough compilation of related genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression findings. This proposed model comprises three layers, forming the capability of suicide: genetic factors as the predisposing Diathesis on one side and Stress, characterized by epigenetic marks on the other side, and in between gene expression and gene function which are thought to be influenced by Diathesis and Stress components. The empirical evidence of this model is yet to be confirmed and further research, specifically epigenetic studies in particular, are needed to support the presence of a life-long, evolving capability of suicide and identify its neurobiological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- UAB Mood Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Karanović J, Ivković M, Jovanović VM, Pantović M, Pavlović-Janković N, Damjanović A, Brajušković G, Romac S, Savić-Pavićević D. Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Variant rs1800532 is Associated with Suicide Attempt in Serbian Psychiatric Patients but does not Moderate the Effect of Recent Stressful Life Events. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:664-668. [PMID: 27037949 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene, coding for serotonin synthesizing enzyme, and recent stressful life events (SLEs) have been commonly associated with suicidal behavior. TPH1 has been also hypothesized to be involved in stress-response mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess TPH1 variant rs1800532 and its possible interaction with recent SLEs as risk factors for suicide attempt (SA) in Serbian psychiatric patients, including 165 suicide attempters and 188 suicide nonattempters. rs1800532 and recent SLEs were independently associated with SA, while rs1800532 did not moderate the effect of recent SLEs on SA vulnerability among Serbian psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Karanović
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Ivković
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir M Jovanović
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Pantović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Pavlović-Janković
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Damjanović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Brajušković
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stanka Romac
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Savić-Pavićević
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Pawlak J, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Wilkosc M, Szczepankiewicz A, Leszczynska-Rodziewicz A, Zaremba D, Kapelski P, Rajewska-Rager A, Hauser J. Suicide behavior as a quantitative trait and its genetic background. J Affect Disord 2016; 206:241-250. [PMID: 27479537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have not given yet a clear answer what is the genetic background of suicidal predisposition. The associations between polymorphisms of the TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR genes and violent suicidal behavior was revealed with the least inconsistencies. METHOD We selected 10 "strong candidate genes" and 35 SNPs, SLC6A4 and ACP1 for replication study. We searched associations between precisely described suicidal phenotype in 825 affective patients and polymorphisms of selected neurobiological pathways genes as well as their interactions that constitute suicidal risk. RESULTS The results confirm the role of TPH1, TPH2, 5HT2A, CRHR1 and ACP1 variants in the risk of suicidal behavior. LIMITATIONS In our study we analyzed limited number of candidate genes and only one of them is linked to lithium mechanism of action. We had no data on pharmacological treatment of investigated patients and its relation to the time of suicide attempt. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that polymorphisms of various signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior. Non-genetic factors are also involved in the risk of suicidal attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pawlak
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Monika Wilkosc
- Department of Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology, University of Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Zaremba
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Pawel Kapelski
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Hauser
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Padurariu M, Prepelita R, Ciobica A, Dobrin R, Timofte D, Stefanescu C, Chirita R. Concept of Suicide: Neurophysiological/Genetic Theories and Possible Oxytocin Relevance. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-016-9603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Beden O, Senol E, Atay S, Ak H, Altintoprak AE, Kiyan GS, Petin B, Yaman U, Aydin HH. TPH1 A218 allele is associated with suicidal behavior in Turkish population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 21:15-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gorodetsky E, Carli V, Sarchiapone M, Roy A, Goldman D, Enoch MA. Predictors for self-directed aggression in Italian prisoners include externalizing behaviors, childhood trauma and the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:465-73. [PMID: 27062586 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior and self-mutilation can be regarded as the expression of self-directed aggression and both are common in prison populations. We investigated the influence of externalizing behaviors, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, 5-HTTLPR variants on self-directed aggression (N = 145) in a group of 702 male Italian prisoners. Participants were comprehensively evaluated, including for psychiatric disorders, impulsive traits, lifetime aggressive behavior [Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression (BGHA)], hostility, violent behavior during incarceration, depressive symptomatology [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)], childhood trauma [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. Logistic regression analysis showed false discovery rate corrected independent main effects of externalizing behaviors: BGHA (P = 0.001), violent behavior in jail (P = 0.007), extraversion (P = 0.015); HDRS (P = 0.0004), Axis I disorders (P = 0.015), CTQ (P = 0.004) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (P = 0.02). Carriers of 5-HTTLPR high (LA LA ), intermediate (LA LG , SLA ) activity variants were more likely to have exhibited self-directed aggression relative to the low activity (LG LG , SLG , SS) variant: high/low: odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-4.68, P = 0.007; intermediate/low: OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.09-3.68, P = 0.025. The CTQ main effect was driven by physical abuse. There was no interactive effect of 5-HTTLPR and CTQ. Secondary logistic regression analyses in (1) all suicide attempters (N = 88) and (2) all self-mutilators (N = 104), compared with controls showed that in both groups, childhood trauma (P = 0.008-0.01), depression (P = 0.0004-0.001) were strong predictors. BGHA, violent behavior in jail predicted self-mutilation (P = 0.002) but not suicide attempts (P = 0.1). This study was able to distinguish differing influences on self-directed aggression between groups of closely related predictor variables within the externalizing behavioral domain. 5-HTTLPR had an independent, variant dosage effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gorodetsky
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - V Carli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,National Center for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,National Institute of Health for Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy
| | - A Roy
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatry Service, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - D Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M-A Enoch
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
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Schlauch KA, Khaiboullina SF, De Meirleir KL, Rawat S, Petereit J, Rizvanov AA, Blatt N, Mijatovic T, Kulick D, Palotás A, Lombardi VC. Genome-wide association analysis identifies genetic variations in subjects with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e730. [PMID: 26859813 PMCID: PMC4872418 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome or ME/CFS, is a multifactorial and debilitating disease that has an impact on over 4 million people in the United States alone. The pathogenesis of ME/CFS remains largely unknown; however, a genetic predisposition has been suggested. In the present study, we used a DNA single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip representing over 906,600 known SNPs to analyze DNA from ME/CFS subjects and healthy controls. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) of an ME/CFS cohort conducted to date. Here 442 SNPs were identified as candidates for association with ME/CFS (adjusted P-value<0.05). Whereas the majority of these SNPs are represented in non-coding regions of the genome, 12 SNPs were identified in the coding region of their respective gene. Among these, two candidate SNPs resulted in missense substitutions, one in a pattern recognition receptor and the other in an uncharacterized coiled-coil domain-containing protein. We also identified five SNPs that cluster in the non-coding regions of T-cell receptor loci. Further examination of these polymorphisms may help identify contributing factors to the pathophysiology of ME/CFS, as well as categorize potential targets for medical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Schlauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - S F Khaiboullina
- Nevada Center for Biomedical Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - K L De Meirleir
- Nevada Center for Biomedical Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - S Rawat
- Nevada Center for Biomedical Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J Petereit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - A A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - N Blatt
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - D Kulick
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - A Palotás
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Asklepios-Med (private medical practice and research center), Szeged, Hungary
| | - V C Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Nevada Center for Biomedical Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Mirkovic B, Laurent C, Podlipski MA, Frebourg T, Cohen D, Gerardin P. Genetic Association Studies of Suicidal Behavior: A Review of the Past 10 Years, Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:158. [PMID: 27721799 PMCID: PMC5034008 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behaviors (SBs), which range from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts and completed suicide, represent a fatal dimension of mental ill-health. The involvement of genetic risk factors in SB is supported by family, twin, and adoption studies. The aim of this paper is to review recent genetic association studies in SBs including (i) case-control studies, (ii) family-based association studies, and (iii) genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Various studies on genetic associations have tended to suggest that a number of genes [e.g., tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin receptors and transporters, or brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs)] are linked to SBs, but these findings are not consistently supported by the results obtained. Although the candidate-gene approach is useful, it is hampered by the present state of knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of diseases. Interpretations of GWAS results are mostly hindered by a lack of annotation describing the functions of most variation throughout the genome. Association studies have addressed a wide range of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in numerous genes. We have included 104 such studies, of which 10 are family-based association studies and 11 are GWAS. Numerous meta-analyses of case-control studies have shown significant associations of SB with variants in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT or SLC6A4) and the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (TPH1), but others report contradictory results. The gene encoding BDNF and its receptor (NTRK2) are also promising candidates. Only two of the GWAS showed any significant associations. Several pathways are mentioned in an attempt to understand the lack of reproducibility and the disappointing results. Consequently, we review and discuss here the following aspects: (i) sample characteristics and confounding factors; (ii) statistical limits; (iii) gene-gene interactions; (iv) gene, environment, and by time interactions; and (v) technological and theoretical limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Mirkovic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France; INSERM Unit U1079, Genetics of Cancer and Neurogenetics, University of Rouen, Rouen, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Laurent
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; ICM - Brain and Spine Institute, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière - University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Frebourg
- INSERM Unit U1079, Genetics of Cancer and Neurogenetics, University of Rouen, Rouen, France; Department of Genetics, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; UMR 7222, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Priscille Gerardin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France; Laboratoire Psy-NCA-EA-4700, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
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Eisen RB, Perera S, Banfield L, Anglin R, Minuzzi L, Samaan Z. Association between BDNF levels and suicidal behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2015; 4:187. [PMID: 26718989 PMCID: PMC4697315 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behaviour is a complex phenomenon with a multitude of risk factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein crucial to nervous system function, may be involved in suicide risk. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate and summarize the literature examining the relationship between BDNF levels and suicidal behaviour. METHODS A predefined search strategy was used to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CINAHL from inception to December 2015. Studies were included if they investigated the association between BDNF levels and suicidal behaviours (including completed suicide, attempted suicide, or suicidal ideation) by comparing BDNF levels in groups with and without suicidal behaviour. Only the following observational studies were included: case-control and cohort studies. Both clinical- and community-based samples were included. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted in duplicate. RESULTS Six-hundred thirty-one articles were screened, and 14 were included in the review. Three studies that assessed serum BDNF levels in individuals with suicide attempts and controls were combined in a meta-analysis that showed no significant association between serum BDNF and suicide attempts. The remaining 11 studies were not eligible for the meta-analysis and provided inconsistent findings regarding associations between BDNF and suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the meta-analysis indicate that there is no significant association between serum BDNF and attempted suicide. The qualitative review of the literature did not provide consistent support for an association between BDNF levels and suicidal behaviour. The evidence has significant methodological limitations. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015015871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Eisen
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Stefan Perera
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Anglin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Peter Boris Centre for Addiction Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3R2, Canada.
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29
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Watanabe SY, Iga JI, Numata S, Umehara H, Nishi A, Kinoshita M, Inoshita M, Ohmori T. Polymorphism in the promoter of the gene for the serotonin transporter affects the age of onset of major depressive disorder in the Japanese population. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:156-8. [PMID: 26005777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research has suggested that a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region, 5HTTLPR) may be implicated in gene-environment interactions leading to major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Our study examined the association between 5HTTLPR and clinical variables of MDD in the Japanese population. We genotyped 5HTTLPR in 216 patients with MDD and 213 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS The genotype distributions and allele frequencies were similar in the patients and controls. When the relationships between the polymorphism and several clinical variables (i.e., age of onset, number of episodes, presence of psychotic features, suicidal behavior, and family history) were examined, the dose of the long (l) allele had significant effects on the age of onset. CONCLUSION These results suggest that 5HTTLPR may not be entirely related to the development of MDD but may be related to the age of onset of MDD, which may be due to gene-environment interactions in the Japanese population. LIMITATIONS Because of the low frequencies of psychotic features and suicidal behavior, our results must be treated with caution until they are replicated in larger numbers of Japanese samples. MDD patients did not undergo a structured interview. Clinical information from the medical records may have not been complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Iga
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Umehara
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Nishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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ANDRIESSEN K, VIDETIC-PASKA A. Genetic Vulnerability as a Distal Risk Factor for Suicidal Behaviour: Historical Perspective and Current Knowledge. Zdr Varst 2015; 54:238-51. [PMID: 27646732 PMCID: PMC4820161 DOI: 10.1515/sjph-2015-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a multidimensional problem. Observations of family history of suicide suggest the existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. AIM Starting with a historical perspective, the article reviews current knowledge of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, distinct from the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, focused on clinical and population-based studies, and findings from recent molecular genetics association studies. METHOD The review includes peer-reviewed research articles and review papers from the professional literature in English language, retrieved from PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO. RESULTS The research literature confirms a existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. Even though the results of individual studies are difficult to compare, genetic influences could explain up to half of the variance of the occurrence of suicide. CONCLUSION Genetic vulnerability could be a distal risk factor for suicide, which helps us to understand the occurrence of suicide among vulnerable people. Ethical implications of such vulnerability are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl ANDRIESSEN
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Black Dog Institute, Hospital Rd, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Alja VIDETIC-PASKA
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
Suicide is a complex and multifactorial behavior, which is likely the result of distinct pathways in different individuals or groups. Endogamy has been associated with numerous diseases, including behavioral disorders. Here, we discuss the hypothesis of endogamy as one mechanism facilitating high rates of suicide in some small and isolated groups of people across the world. To support our hypothesis, we describe four geographically and culturally distinct populations (the Aguarunas of Peru, the Vaqueiros of Spain, the Baruyas of New Guinea, and the Palawans of the Philippines), which present the following characteristics: (1) a high level of isolation and endogamy; (2) very high rates of suicide restricted to one group with (3) adjacent groups of similar origin and culture displaying low rates of suicide. Within these four distinct populations, endogamy could act in one isolated group as the amplifier of both selected genetic risk alleles and microcultural values (e.g. suicide as an acceptable solution), beyond cultural and genetic traits shared by the whole population (and therefore found in all groups). Genetic and microcultural risk factors are transmitted through close kinship and imitation/modeling, and could interact to increase the frequency of vulnerable individuals leading, in turn, to heightened rates of suicide. Culture could sometimes additionally act by generating stressful conditions for some individuals (e.g. lower social status and maltreatment). In contrast to endogamy, suicide motives (notably interpersonal conflicts) and mental disorders appear to be universal risk factors. More investigation of this endogamy hypothesis is necessary, which could represent a singular case of gene-culture co-transmission and shed light on particular conditions of suicide genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jollant
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Hospital of Nîmes, France.
| | - C Macdonald
- UMR7268, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Marseille, France
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Samaan Z, Bawor M, Dennis BB, El-Sheikh W, DeJesus J, Rangarajan S, Vair J, Sholer H, Hutchinson N, Iordan E, Mackie P, Islam S, Deghan M, Brasch J, Thabane L. Exploring the Determinants of Suicidal Behavior: Conventional and Emergent Risk (DISCOVER): a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2015; 1:17. [PMID: 27965796 PMCID: PMC5154080 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-015-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior is a growing public health concern resulting in morbidity and premature death. Although certain factors such as age, sex, and psychiatric disorders have been consistently reported to be associated with suicidal behavior, other factors including biological markers, diet, and physical activity may also influence suicidal behavior. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a full-scale study to identify the conventional and novel risk factors of suicidal behavior in individuals who made a recent suicide attempt. METHODS This pilot study was a case-control study of participants with recent (within 1 month of admission) suicide attempts admitted to hospital and compared to two control groups: 1) psychiatric inpatient participants without a history of suicide attempts and 2) community-based controls. We collected information on demographic variables, circumstances of suicide attempts (for cases), medical and psychiatric diagnoses, behavioral patterns, physical measurements, and social factors. Blood and urine samples were also collected for biological markers. Feasibility outcomes are as follows: 1) 50 % of all eligible cases will consent to participate, 2) 50 cases and 100 controls per year can be recruited, and 3) at least 80 % of the participants will provide blood samples for DNA and biological markers. RESULTS We recruited 179 participants in total; 51 cases, 57 psychiatric controls without suicide attempt, and 71 non-psychiatric controls in Hamilton, Ontario. Recruitment rate was 70 % (213/304), and we obtained urine and blood specimens from 90 % (191/213) of participants. Questionnaire completion rates were high, and data quality was very good with few data-related queries to resolve. We learned that cases tended to be hospitalized for long periods of time and the suicide attempt occurred more than a month ago in many of the cases; therefore, we expanded our inclusion criterion related to timing of suicide attempt to 3 months instead of 1 month. CONCLUSIONS The study procedures needed certain modifications including extending the time between suicide attempt and date of recruitment, and more detailed questionnaires related to diet were necessary while other questionnaires such as social support needed to be shortened. Overall, this study showed that it is feasible to conduct a larger-scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Samaan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada
| | - Monica Bawor
- Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Brittany B. Dennis
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Wala El-Sheikh
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jane DeJesus
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Judith Vair
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada
| | - Heather Sholer
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada
| | - Nicole Hutchinson
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada
| | - Elizabeth Iordan
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada
| | - Pam Mackie
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Shofiqul Islam
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Mahshid Deghan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer Brasch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Evaluation of Medicine, Hamilton, ON Canada
- System Linked Research Unit, Hamilton, ON Canada
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Sokolowski M, Wasserman J, Wasserman D. An overview of the neurobiology of suicidal behaviors as one meta-system. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:56-71. [PMID: 25178164 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behaviors (SB) may be regarded as the outmost consequence of mental illnesses, or as a distinct entity per se. Regardless, the consequences of SB are very large to both society and affected individuals. The path leading to SB is clearly a complex one involving interactions between the subject's biology and environmental influences throughout life. With the aim to generate a representative and diversified overview of the different neurobiological components hypothesized or shown implicated across the entire SB field up to date by any approach, we selected and compiled a list of 212 gene symbols from the literature. An increasing number of novel gene (products) have been introduced as candidates, with half being implicated in SB in only the last 4 years. These candidates represent different neuro systems and functions and might therefore be regarded as competing or redundant explanations. We then adopted a unifying approach by treating them all as parts of the same meta-system, using bioinformatic tools. We present a network of all components connected by physical protein-protein interactions (the SB interactome). We proceeded by exploring the differences between the highly connected core (~30% of the candidate genes) and its peripheral parts, observing more functional homogeneity at the core, with multiple signal transduction pathways and actin-interacting proteins connecting a subset of receptors in nerve cell compartments as well as development/morphology phenotypes and the stress-sensitive synaptic plasticity processes of long term potentiation/depression. We suggest that SB neurobiology might also be viewed as one meta-system and perhaps be explained as intrinsic unbalances acting within the core or as imbalances arising between core and specific peripheral components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sokolowski
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Wasserman
- 1] National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute (KI), Stockholm, Sweden [2] WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Methods Development and Training in Suicide Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dysfunction of neural circuitry in depressive patients with suicidal behaviors: a review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:61-6. [PMID: 24632395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is an important public problem. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior in depression will facilitate the development of more effective prevention strategies for suicide. There are several reviews of imaging studies of suicidal behavior, but none of these reviews have focused only on suicide in depression. We reviewed neuroimaging studies of suicide in depression in recent years. The majority of studies found structural and functional alterations in the orbital frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and striatum in depressive patients with suicidal behaviors. The evidence suggests that the frontal-striatal circuitry, which includes the striatum, orbital frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, is involved in the neurobiology of suicide in depressive patients. These findings also indicate that not all suicides have the same underlying neuropathology. Future studies require larger samples and more accurate subtypes of suicide. Furthermore, combining neuroimaging and other new technologies in molecular biology will be helpful to reveal the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior in depression.
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González-Castro TB, Juárez-Rojop I, López-Narváez ML, Tovilla-Zárate CA. Association of TPH-1 and TPH-2 gene polymorphisms with suicidal behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:196. [PMID: 25005534 PMCID: PMC4099217 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely acknowledged that suicidal behavior (SB) has a genetic influence. As a consequence, molecular genetic studies have been mostly conducted on serotonergic genes. One of the most promising candidate genes of this system is tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). Although there have been several positive studies associating TPH genes and SB, the evidence is not entirely consistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to gain a better understanding into this issue. METHODS The meta-analysis was conducted with 37 articles of genetic association studies of TPH-1 (A218C and A779C) and TPH2 (G-703 T, A-473 T and G19918A) genes. To analyze the association of these variants with SB we used the following models: allelic, additive, dominant and recessive. In addition, we performed a sub-group analysis by Caucasian and Asian populations using the same four models. RESULTS TPH-1 gene variants showed a positive significant association with SB, but only in the fixed effects models. With regard to TPH-2 gene variants we could not find an association with SB. CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence that A218C/A779C TPH-1 variants may be a risk factor to manifest SB at the clinical level, which is in agreement with previously reported meta-analyses. With regard to G-703 T/A-473 T/G19918A TPH-2 variants, our up-to-date meta-analysis could not detect any significant association between those genetic variants and SB. However, these results should be interpreted with caution since further studies need to be undertaken using larger sample sizes in different ethnic populations to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isela Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- CIGEN, Centro de Investigación Genómica, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México,Hospital General de Yajalón, Yajalón, Chiapas, México
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, Comalcalco, Tabasco, C,P, 86650, México.
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Iofrida C, Palumbo S, Pellegrini S. Molecular genetics and antisocial behavior: where do we stand? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1514-23. [PMID: 24764243 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214529508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, it has become increasingly evident that control of aggressive behavior is modulated by the individual genetic profile as well. Several candidate genes have been proposed to play a role in the risk to develop antisocial behavior, and distinct brain imaging studies have shown that specific cortical areas may be functionally and/or structurally impaired in impulsive violent subjects on the basis of their genotypes. In this paper, we review the findings regarding four polymorphisms-MAOA (Monoamine oxidase A) uVNTR, SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 4) 5HTTLPR, COMT (Catechol-O-methyltransferase) Val158Met and DRD4 (dopamine D4 receptor) VNTR 1-11-that all have been found to be associated with an increased vulnerability for antisocial and impulsive behavior in response to aversive environmental conditions. These results, however, have not been replicated by other studies, likely because of crucial methodological discrepancies, including variability in the criteria used to define antisocial behavior and assessment of environmental factors. Finally, it has been recently proposed that these genetic variants may actually increase the individual susceptibility not merely to the negative environmental factors, but to the positive ones as well. In this view, such alleles would play a wider modulatory role, by acting as "plasticity" rather than "vulnerability" genes. Overall, these findings have potential important implications that span well outside of neuroscience and psychiatry, to embrace ethics, philosophy, and the law itself, as they pose new challenges to the very notion of Free Will. Novel properly controlled studies that examine multi-allelic genetic profiles, rather than focusing on distinct single variants, will make it possible to achieve a clearer understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the nature by nurture interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Iofrida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Sara Palumbo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
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Schild AHE, Pietschnig J, Tran US, Voracek M. Genetic association studies between SNPs and suicidal behavior: a meta-analytical field synopsis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:36-42. [PMID: 23831262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The large number of published meta-analyses on the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and suicidal behavior mirrors the enormous research interest in this topic. Although meta-analytic evidence is abundant and certain patterns are apparent, those have not been integrated into a general framework as of yet. In a systematic review, genetic association studies between SNPs and suicidal behavior were identified. Previously published meta-analyses for eight SNPs were updated and the results of the different meta-analyses were compared. Meta-analyses for 15 SNPs, which had not been subjected to meta-analysis before, were conducted. The present meta-analytical field synopsis showed five major similarities between new and published analyses: 1) Summary effect sizes were small and rarely statistically significant, 2) heterogeneity between studies was often substantial, 3) there were no time trends, 4) effects were easily swayed and were largely dependent on individual studies, and 5) publication bias does not play a role in this field of research. Meta-analytic data show once more that major contributions of single genes are unlikely. However, association studies and corresponding meta-analyses have been an important and necessary stepping stone in the development of modern and more complex approaches in the genetics of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H E Schild
- University of Vienna, School of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Serotonergic modulation of suicidal behaviour: integrating preclinical data with clinical practice and psychotherapy. Exp Brain Res 2013; 230:605-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sadkowski M, Dennis B, Clayden RC, Elsheikh W, Rangarajan S, Dejesus J, Samaan Z. The role of the serotonergic system in suicidal behavior. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:1699-716. [PMID: 24235834 PMCID: PMC3825712 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s50300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a widely investigated neurotransmitter in several psychopathologies, including suicidal behavior (SB); however, its role extends to several physiological functions involving the nervous system, as well as the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. This review summarizes recent research into ten serotonergic genes related to SB. These genes - TPH1, TPH2, SLC6A4, SLC18A2, HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, DDC, MAOA, and MAOB - encode proteins that are vital to serotonergic function: tryptophan hydroxylase; the serotonin transporter 5-HTT; the vesicular transporter VMAT2; the HTR1A, HTR1B, and HTR2A receptors; the L-amino acid decarboxylase; and the monoamine oxidases. This review employed a systematic search strategy and a narrative research methodology to disseminate the current literature investigating the link between SB and serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sadkowski
- Arts and Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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