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Blokland G, Maleki N, Jovicich J, Mesholam-Gately R, DeLisi L, Turner J, Shenton M, Voineskos A, Kahn R, Roffman J, Holt D, Ehrlich S, Kikinis Z, Dazzan P, Murray R, Lee J, Sim K, Lam M, de Zwarte S, Walton E, Kelly S, Picchioni M, Bramon E, Makris N, David A, Mondelli V, Reinders A, Oykhman E, Morris D, Gill M, Corvin A, Cahn W, Ho N, Liu J, Gollub R, Manoach D, Calhoun V, Sponheim S, Buka S, Cherkerzian S, Thermenos H, Dickie E, Ciufolini S, Reis Marques T, Crossley N, Purcell S, Smoller J, van Haren N, Toulopoulou T, Donohoe G, Goldstein J, Keshavan M, Petryshen T, del Re E. MIR137 polygenic risk for schizophrenia and ephrin-regulated pathway: Role in lateral ventricles and corpus callosum volume. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100458. [PMID: 38623146 PMCID: PMC11017057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective. Enlarged lateral ventricle (LV) volume and decreased volume in the corpus callosum (CC) are hallmarks of schizophrenia (SZ). We previously showed an inverse correlation between LV and CC volumes in SZ, with global functioning decreasing with increased LV volume. This study investigates the relationship between LV volume, CC abnormalities, and the microRNA MIR137 and its regulated genes in SZ, because of MIR137's essential role in neurodevelopment. Methods. Participants were 1224 SZ probands and 1466 unaffected controls from the GENUS Consortium. Brain MRI scans, genotype, and clinical data were harmonized across cohorts and employed in the analyses. Results. Increased LV volumes and decreased CC central, mid-anterior, and mid-posterior volumes were observed in SZ probands. The MIR137-regulated ephrin pathway was significantly associated with CC:LV ratio, explaining a significant proportion (3.42 %) of CC:LV variance, and more than for LV and CC separately. Other pathways explained variance in either CC or LV, but not both. CC:LV ratio was also positively correlated with Global Assessment of Functioning, supporting previous subsample findings. SNP-based heritability estimates were higher for CC central:LV ratio (0.79) compared to CC or LV separately. Discussion. Our results indicate that the CC:LV ratio is highly heritable, influenced in part by variation in the MIR137-regulated ephrin pathway. Findings suggest that the CC:LV ratio may be a risk indicator in SZ that correlates with global functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.A.M. Blokland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - N. Maleki
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - J. Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - R.I. Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - L.E. DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - J.A. Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - M.E. Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
| | - A.N. Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R.S. Kahn
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - D.J. Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - S. Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Z. Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - P. Dazzan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R.M. Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Lee
- Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
| | - K. Sim
- Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
| | - M. Lam
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
- Analytical & Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - S.M.C. de Zwarte
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - S. Kelly
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M.M. Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Bramon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Mental Health Neuroscience Research Department, UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - N. Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A.S. David
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V. Mondelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A.A.T.S. Reinders
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Oykhman
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D.W. Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M. Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A.P. Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W. Cahn
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N. Ho
- Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
| | - J. Liu
- Genome Institute, Singapore
| | - R.L. Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - D.S. Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - V.D. Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - S.R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - S.L. Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - S. Cherkerzian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - H.W. Thermenos
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E.W. Dickie
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Ciufolini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - T. Reis Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - N.A. Crossley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S.M. Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - J.W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - N.E.M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T. Toulopoulou
- Department of Psychology & National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Centre (ASBAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - G. Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) Centre and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - J.M. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M.S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - T.L. Petryshen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - E.C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
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Hamilton HK, Mathalon DH, Ford JM. P300 in schizophrenia: Then and now. Biol Psychol 2024; 187:108757. [PMID: 38316196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The 1965 discovery of the P300 component of the electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potential (ERP), along with the subsequent identification of its alteration in people with schizophrenia, initiated over 50 years of P300 research in schizophrenia. Here, we review what we now know about P300 in schizophrenia after nearly six decades of research. We describe recent efforts to expand our understanding of P300 beyond its sensitivity to schizophrenia itself to its potential role as a biomarker of risk for psychosis or a heritable endophenotype that bridges genetic risk and psychosis phenomenology. We also highlight efforts to move beyond a syndrome-based approach to understand P300 within the context of the clinical, cognitive, and presumed pathophysiological heterogeneity among people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Finally, we describe several recent approaches that extend beyond measuring the traditional P300 ERP component in people with schizophrenia, including time-frequency analyses and pharmacological challenge studies, that may help to clarify specific cognitive mechanisms that are disrupted in schizophrenia. Moreover, we discuss several promising areas for future research, including studies of animal models that can be used for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Ben-Azu B, del Re EC, VanderZwaag J, Carrier M, Keshavan M, Khakpour M, Tremblay MÈ. Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1139357. [PMID: 37256150 PMCID: PMC10225712 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging, which involves a progressive loss of neuronal functions, has been reported to be premature in probands affected by schizophrenia (SCZ). Evidence shows that SCZ and accelerated aging are linked to changes in epigenetic clocks. Recent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging analyses have uncovered reduced brain reserves and connectivity in patients with SCZ compared to typically aging individuals. These data may indicate early abnormalities of neuronal function following cyto-architectural alterations in SCZ. The current mechanistic knowledge on brain aging, epigenetic changes, and their neuropsychiatric disease association remains incomplete. With this review, we explore and summarize evidence that the dynamics of gut-resident bacteria can modulate molecular brain function and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It is known that environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can modulate the microbiota system to regulate intrinsic neuronal activity and brain reserves through the vagus nerve and enteric nervous system. Microbiota-derived molecules can trigger continuous activation of the microglial sensome, groups of receptors and proteins that permit microglia to remodel the brain neurochemistry based on complex environmental activities. This remodeling causes aberrant brain plasticity as early as fetal developmental stages, and after the onset of first-episode psychosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident immune surveillance cells, are involved in neurogenesis, phagocytosis of synapses and neurological dysfunction. Here, we review recent emerging experimental and clinical evidence regarding the gut-brain microglia axis involvement in SCZ pathology and etiology, the hypothesis of brain reserve and accelerated aging induced by dietary habits, stress, pollution, infections, and other factors. We also include in our review the possibilities and consequences of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, together with the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome: therapeutic and adverse effects, role of fecal microbiota transplant and psychobiotics on microglial sensomes, brain reserves and SCZ-derived accelerated aging. We end the review with suggestions that may be applicable to the clinical setting. For example, we propose that psychobiotics might contribute to antipsychotic-induced therapeutic benefits or adverse effects, as well as reduce the aging process through the gut-brain microglia axis. Overall, we hope that this review will help increase the understanding of SCZ pathogenesis as related to chronobiology and the gut microbiome, as well as reveal new concepts that will serve as novel treatment targets for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Zhou J, Li J, Zhao Q, Ou P, Zhao W. Working memory deficits in children with schizophrenia and its mechanism, susceptibility genes, and improvement: A literature review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:899344. [PMID: 35990059 PMCID: PMC9389215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative influence on the cognitive ability of schizophrenia is one of the issues widely discussed in recent years. Working memory deficits are thought to be a core cognitive symptom of schizophrenia and lead to poorer social functions and worse academic performance. Previous studies have confirmed that working memory deficits tend to appear in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia. Therefore, considering that children with schizophrenia have better brain plasticity, it is critical to explore the development of their working memory. Although the research in this field developed gradually in recent years, few researchers have summarized these findings. The current study aims to review the recent studies from both behavior and neuroimaging aspects to summarize the working memory deficits of children with schizophrenia and to discuss the pathogenic factors such as genetic susceptibility. In addition, this study put forward some practicable interventions to improve cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia from psychological and neural perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhou
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfangzhou Li
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Peixin Ou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Bartsch U, Corbin LJ, Hellmich C, Taylor M, Easey KE, Durant C, Marston HM, Timpson NJ, Jones MW. Schizophrenia-associated variation at ZNF804A correlates with altered experience-dependent dynamics of sleep slow waves and spindles in healthy young adults. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab191. [PMID: 34329479 PMCID: PMC8664578 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is robustly associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia is, in turn, associated with abnormal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep neurophysiology. To examine whether rs1344706 is associated with intermediate neurophysiological traits in the absence of disease, we assessed the relationship between genotype, sleep neurophysiology, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy participants. We recruited healthy adult males with no history of psychiatric disorder from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Participants were homozygous for either the schizophrenia-associated 'A' allele (N = 22) or the alternative 'C' allele (N = 18) at rs1344706. Actigraphy, polysomnography (PSG) and a motor sequence task (MST) were used to characterize daily activity patterns, sleep neurophysiology and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Average MST learning and sleep-dependent performance improvements were similar across genotype groups, albeit more variable in the AA group. During sleep after learning, CC participants showed increased slow-wave (SW) and spindle amplitudes, plus augmented coupling of SW activity across recording electrodes. SW and spindles in those with the AA genotype were insensitive to learning, whilst SW coherence decreased following MST training. Accordingly, NREM neurophysiology robustly predicted the degree of overnight motor memory consolidation in CC carriers, but not in AA carriers. We describe evidence that rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is associated with changes in the coordinated neural network activity that supports offline information processing during sleep in a healthy population. These findings highlight the utility of sleep neurophysiology in mapping the impacts of schizophrenia-associated common genetic variants on neural circuit oscillations and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co Ltd UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
- UK DRI Health Care & Technology at Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Clinical Research Building, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Hellmich
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michelle Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kayleigh E Easey
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Durant
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre (CRIC), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hugh M Marston
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co Ltd UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
- Böhringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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6
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Hederih J, Nuninga JO, van Eijk K, van Dellen E, Smit DJA, Oranje B, Luykx JJ. Genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia-related electroencephalographical intermediate phenotypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110001. [PMID: 32525059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although substantial research into genetics of psychotic disorders has been conducted, a large proportion of their genetic architecture has remained unresolved. Electroencephalographical intermediate phenotypes (EIP) have the potential to constitute a valuable tool when studying genetic risk loci for schizophrenia, in particular P3b amplitude, P50 suppression, mismatch negativity (MMN) and resting state power spectra of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Here, we systematically reviewed studies investigating the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with these EIPs and meta-analysed them when appropriate. We retrieved 45 studies (N = 34,971 study participants). Four SNPs investigated in more than one study were genome-wide significant for an association with schizophrenia and three were genome-wide suggestive, based on a lookup in the influential 2014 GWAS (Ripke et al., 2014). However, in our meta-analyses, rs1625579 failed to reach a statistically significant association with p3b amplitude decrease and rs4680 risk allele carrier status was not associated with p3b amplitude decrease or with impaired p50 suppression. In conclusion, evidence for SNP associations with EIPs remains limited to individual studies. Careful selection of EIPs and SNPs, combined with consistent reporting of effect sizes, directions of effect and p-values would aid future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Hederih
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands; Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
| | - Jasper O Nuninga
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Kristel van Eijk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin van Dellen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dirk J A Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Oranje
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CX 3584, the Netherlands; GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
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7
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Del Re EC, Maekawa T, Mesholam-Gately RI, Wojcik J, Seidman LJ, McCarley RW, Niznikiewicz MA. Abnormal Frequency Mismatch Negativity in Early Psychosis Outpatient Subjects. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:207-214. [PMID: 31826666 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419886691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Abnormalities of mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential, indexing preattentive mechanisms, are consistently reported in schizophrenia (SZ). MMN abnormalities elicited to different deviant types have been recently shown to distinguish among patients according to length of their illness as well as inpatient versus outpatient status, and to be modulated by premorbid IQ. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MMN elicited by both frequency and duration deviant stimuli in patients with early schizophrenia (EP) recruited from an outpatient clinic in Boston, Massachusetts. Methods. Twenty-two healthy controls (HC) and 22 age-, handedness-, and gender-matched EP were tested using a frequency and duration MMN paradigm. Clinical data were also collected. Results. Frequency MMN amplitude but not duration MMN was significantly reduced in EP relative to HC subjects (P = .015). Conclusions. These results indicate that in this sample of early psychosis outpatient group, reductions in frequency MMN but not in duration MMN index clinical status. The relationship between age at first hospitalization and MMN frequency and duration amplitude and latency indicates that neurodevelopmental stage, auditory function, and clinical status are tightly linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta C Del Re
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Toshihiko Maekawa
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Wojcik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Lubeiro A, Fatjó-Vilas M, Guardiola M, Almodóvar C, Gomez-Pilar J, Cea-Cañas B, Poza J, Palomino A, Gómez-García M, Zugasti J, Molina V. Analysis of KCNH2 and CACNA1C schizophrenia risk genes on EEG functional network modulation during an auditory odd-ball task. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:433-442. [PMID: 30607529 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A deficit in task-related functional connectivity modulation from electroencephalogram (EEG) has been described in schizophrenia. The use of measures of neuronal connectivity as an intermediate phenotype may allow identifying genetic factors involved in these deficits, and therefore, establishing underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Genes involved in neuronal excitability and previously associated with the risk for schizophrenia may be adequate candidates in relation to functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. The objective was to study the association of two genes of voltage-gated ion channels (CACNA1C and KCNH2) with the functional modulation of the cortical networks measured with EEG and graph-theory parameter during a cognitive task, both in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Both CACNA1C (rs1006737) and KCNH2 (rs3800779) were genotyped in 101 controls and 50 schizophrenia patients. Small-world index (SW) was calculated from EEG recorded during an odd-ball task in two different temporal windows (pre-stimulus and response). Modulation was defined as the difference in SW between both windows. Genetic, group and their interaction effects on SW in the pre-stimulus window and in modulation were evaluated using ANOVA. The CACNA1C genotype was not associated with SW properties. KCNH2 was significantly associated with SW modulation. Healthy subjects showed a positive SW modulation irrespective of the KCNH2 genotype, whereas within patients allele-related differences were observed. Patients carrying the KCNH2 risk allele (A) presented a negative SW modulation and non-carriers showed SW modulation similar to the healthy subjects. Our data suggest that KCNH2 genotype contributes to the efficient modulation of brain electrophysiological activity during a cognitive task in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Lubeiro
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Guardiola
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Almodóvar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Carrer Del Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 38 Sant Boi De Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department TSCIT, ETS Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Cea-Cañas
- Neurophysiology service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department TSCIT, ETS Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aitor Palomino
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciences, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-García
- Psychiatry service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jone Zugasti
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Álava, Álava, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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9
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Levchenko A, Nurgaliev T, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, Gainetdinov RR. Current challenges and possible future developments in personalized psychiatry with an emphasis on psychotic disorders. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03990. [PMID: 32462093 PMCID: PMC7240336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A personalized medicine approach seems to be particularly applicable to psychiatry. Indeed, considering mental illness as deregulation, unique to each patient, of molecular pathways, governing the development and functioning of the brain, seems to be the most justified way to understand and treat disorders of this medical category. In order to extract correct information about the implicated molecular pathways, data can be drawn from sampling phenotypic and genetic biomarkers and then analyzed by a machine learning algorithm. This review describes current difficulties in the field of personalized psychiatry and gives several examples of possibly actionable biomarkers of psychotic and other psychiatric disorders, including several examples of genetic studies relevant to personalized psychiatry. Most of these biomarkers are not yet ready to be introduced in clinical practice. In a next step, a perspective on the path personalized psychiatry may take in the future is given, paying particular attention to machine learning algorithms that can be used with the goal of handling multidimensional datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Levchenko
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Timur Nurgaliev
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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10
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Haghighatfard A, Andalib S, Amini Faskhodi M, Sadeghi S, Ghaderi AH, Moradkhani S, Rostampour J, Tabrizi Z, Mahmoodi A, Karimi T, Ghadimi Z. Gene expression study of mitochondrial complex I in schizophrenia and paranoid personality disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019. [PMID: 28635542 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aetiology and molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia (SCZ) and paranoid personality disorder (PPD) are not yet clarified. The present study aimed to assess the role of mitochondrial complex I and cell bioenergetic pathways in the aetiology and characteristics of SCZ and PPD. METHODS mRNA levels of all genomic and mitochondrial genes which encode mitochondrial complex I subunits (44 genes) were assessed in blood in 634 SCZ, 340 PPD patients and 528 non-psychiatric subjects using quantitative real-time PCR, and associated comprehensive psychiatric, neurological and biochemical assessments. RESULTS Significant expression changes of 18 genes in SCZ patients and 11 genes in PPD patients were detected in mitochondrial complex I. Most of these genes were novel candidate genes for SCZ and PPD. Several correlations between mRNA levels and severity of symptoms, drug response, deficits in attention, working memory, executive functions and brain activities were found. CONCLUSIONS Deregulations of both core and supernumerary subunits of complex I are involved in the aetiology of SCZ and PPD. These deregulations have effects on brain activity as well as disorder characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Haghighatfard
- a Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sarah Andalib
- b Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Amini Faskhodi
- c Department of Biology , Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Soha Sadeghi
- d Laboratory of Medical Genetics , National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Ghaderi
- e Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology , University of Tabriz , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Shadi Moradkhani
- f Department of Physics , Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Jalal Rostampour
- g Department of Cell & Molecular Biology , School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zeinab Tabrizi
- h Department of Medical Immunology , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services , Yazd , Iran
| | - Ali Mahmoodi
- a Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Talie Karimi
- i Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch , Islamic Azad University , Ashkezar , Iran
| | - Zakieh Ghadimi
- j Department of Biology , Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University , Qom , Iran
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11
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Nonlinear dynamics underlying sensory processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3847-3852. [PMID: 30808768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810572116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural systems, including the brain, often seem chaotic, since they are typically driven by complex nonlinear dynamical processes. Disruption in the fluid coordination of multiple brain regions contributes to impairments in information processing and the constellation of symptoms observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia (SZ), one of the most debilitating mental illnesses, is thought to arise, in part, from such a network dysfunction, leading to impaired auditory information processing as well as cognitive and psychosocial deficits. Current approaches to neurophysiologic biomarker analyses predominantly rely on linear methods and may, therefore, fail to capture the wealth of information contained in whole EEG signals, including nonlinear dynamics. In this study, delay differential analysis (DDA), a nonlinear method based on embedding theory from theoretical physics, was applied to EEG recordings from 877 SZ patients and 753 nonpsychiatric comparison subjects (NCSs) who underwent mismatch negativity (MMN) testing via their participation in the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-2) study. DDA revealed significant nonlinear dynamical architecture related to auditory information processing in both groups. Importantly, significant DDA changes preceded those observed with traditional linear methods. Marked abnormalities in both linear and nonlinear features were detected in SZ patients. These results illustrate the benefits of nonlinear analysis of brain signals and underscore the need for future studies to investigate the relationship between DDA features and pathophysiology of information processing.
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12
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Zhou Y, Dong F, Mao Y. Control of CNS functions by RNA-binding proteins in neurological diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:301-313. [PMID: 30410853 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarizes recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that control neurological functions and pathogenesis in various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and spinocerebellar ataxia. Recent Findings RBPs are critical players in gene expression that regulate every step of posttranscriptional modifications. Recent genome-wide approaches revealed that many proteins associate with RNA, but do not contain any known RNA binding motifs. Additionally, many causal and risk genes of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases are RBPs. Development of high-throughput sequencing methods has mapped out the fingerprints of RBPs on transcripts and provides unprecedented potential to discover new mechanisms of neurological diseases. Insights into how RBPs modulate neural development are important for designing effective therapies for numerous neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Summary RBPs have diverse mechanisms for modulating RNA processing and, thereby, controlling neurogenesis. Understanding the role of disease-associated RBPs in neurogenesis is vital for developing novel treatments for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhou
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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13
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Enlarged lateral ventricles inversely correlate with reduced corpus callosum central volume in first episode schizophrenia: association with functional measures. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:1264-1273. [PMID: 26678596 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lateral and third ventricles, as well as the corpus callosum (CC), are known to be affected in schizophrenia. Here we investigate whether abnormalities in the lateral ventricles (LVs), third ventricle, and corpus callosum are related to one another in first episode schizophrenia (FESZ), and whether such abnormalities show progression over time. Nineteen FESZ and 19 age- and handedness-matched controls were included in the study. MR images were acquired on a 3-Tesla MRI at baseline and ~1.2 years later. FreeSurfer v.5.3 was employed for segmentation. Two-way or univariate ANCOVAs were used for statistical analysis, where the covariate was intracranial volume. Group and gender were included as between-subjects factors. Percent volume changes between baseline and follow-up were used to determine volume changes at follow-up. Bilateral LV and third ventricle volumes were significantly increased, while central CC volume was significantly decreased in patients compared to controls at baseline and at follow-up. In FESZ, the bilateral LV volume was also inversely correlated with volume of the central CC. This inverse correlation was not present in controls. In FESZ, an inverse correlation was found between percent volume increase from baseline to follow-up for bilateral LVs and lesser improvement in the Global Assessment of Functioning score. Significant correlations were observed for abnormalities of central CC, LVs and third ventricle volumes in FESZ, suggesting a common neurodevelopmental origin in schizophrenia. Enlargement of ventricles was associated with less improvement in global functioning over time.
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14
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de Castro-Catala M, Mora-Solano A, Kwapil TR, Cristóbal-Narváez P, Sheinbaum T, Racioppi A, Barrantes-Vidal N, Rosa A. The genome-wide associated candidate gene ZNF804A and psychosis-proneness: Evidence of sex-modulated association. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185072. [PMID: 28931092 PMCID: PMC5607189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A) is a promising candidate gene for schizophrenia and the broader psychosis phenotype that emerged from genome-wide association studies. It is related to neurodevelopment and associated to severe symptoms of schizophrenia and alterations in brain structure, as well as positive schizotypal personality traits in non-clinical samples. Moreover, a female-specific association has been observed between ZNF804A and schizophrenia. AIM The present study examined the association of two ZNF804A polymorphisms (rs1344706 and rs7597593) with the positive dimension of schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences in a sample of 808 non-clinical subjects. Additionally, we wanted to explore whether the sexual differences reported in schizophrenia are also present in psychosis-proneness. RESULTS Our results showed an association between rs7597593 and both schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences. These associations were driven by females, such those carrying the C allele had higher scores in the positive dimension of both variables compared to TT allele homozygotes. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study support the inclusion of ZNF804 variability in studies of the vulnerability for the development of psychopathology in non-clinical samples and consideration of sex as a moderator of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta de Castro-Catala
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurea Mora-Solano
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas R. Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paula Cristóbal-Narváez
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamara Sheinbaum
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Racioppi
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pere Claver - Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Iacono WG, Malone SM, Vrieze SI. Endophenotype best practices. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 111:115-144. [PMID: 27473600 PMCID: PMC5219856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the current state of electrophysiological endophenotype research and recommends best practices that are based on knowledge gleaned from the last decade of molecular genetic research with complex traits. Endophenotype research is being oversold for its potential to help discover psychopathology relevant genes using the types of small samples feasible for electrophysiological research. This is largely because the genetic architecture of endophenotypes appears to be very much like that of behavioral traits and disorders: they are complex, influenced by many variants (e.g., tens of thousands) within many genes, each contributing a very small effect. Out of over 40 electrophysiological endophenotypes covered by our review, only resting heart, a measure that has received scant advocacy as an endophenotype, emerges as an electrophysiological variable with verified associations with molecular genetic variants. To move the field forward, investigations designed to discover novel variants associated with endophenotypes will need extremely large samples best obtained by forming consortia and sharing data obtained from genome wide arrays. In addition, endophenotype research can benefit from successful molecular genetic studies of psychopathology by examining the degree to which these verified psychopathology-relevant variants are also associated with an endophenotype, and by using knowledge about the functional significance of these variants to generate new endophenotypes. Even without molecular genetic associations, endophenotypes still have value in studying the development of disorders in unaffected individuals at high genetic risk, constructing animal models, and gaining insight into neural mechanisms that are relevant to clinical disorder.
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16
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Schmitt A, Rujescu D, Gawlik M, Hasan A, Hashimoto K, Iceta S, Jarema M, Kambeitz J, Kasper S, Keeser D, Kornhuber J, Koutsouleris N, Lanzenberger R, Malchow B, Saoud M, Spies M, Stöber G, Thibaut F, Riederer P, Falkai P. Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Criteria for biomarkers and endophenotypes of schizophrenia part II: Cognition, neuroimaging and genetics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:406-28. [PMID: 27311987 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1183043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a group of severe psychiatric disorders with high heritability but only low odds ratios of risk genes. Despite progress in the identification of pathophysiological processes, valid biomarkers of the disease are still lacking. METHODS This comprehensive review summarises recent efforts to identify genetic underpinnings, clinical and cognitive endophenotypes and symptom dimensions of schizophrenia and presents findings from neuroimaging studies with structural, functional and spectroscopy magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The potential of findings to be biomarkers of schizophrenia is discussed. RESULTS Recent findings have not resulted in clear biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, we identified several biomarkers that are potential candidates for future research. Among them, copy number variations and links between genetic polymorphisms derived from genome-wide analysis studies, clinical or cognitive phenotypes, multimodal neuroimaging findings including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the application of multivariate pattern analyses are promising. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should address the effects of treatment and stage of the disease more precisely and apply combinations of biomarker candidates. Although biomarkers for schizophrenia await validation, knowledge on candidate genomic and neuroimaging biomarkers is growing rapidly and research on this topic has the potential to identify psychiatric endophenotypes and in the future increase insight on individual treatment response in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany ;,b Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Dan Rujescu
- c Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Halle , Germany
| | - Micha Gawlik
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- e Division of Clinical Neuroscience , Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health , Chiba , Japan
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- f INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PsyR2 Team , Lyon , F-69000 , France ; Hospices Civils De Lyon, France
| | - Marek Jarema
- g Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Daniel Keeser
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- i Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | | | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Berend Malchow
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Mohamed Saoud
- f INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PsyR2 Team , Lyon , F-69000 , France ; Hospices Civils De Lyon, France
| | - Marie Spies
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Gerald Stöber
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Florence Thibaut
- j Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University of Paris-Descartes, INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Peter Riederer
- k Center of Psychic Health; Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
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17
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Abstract
Endophenotypes are quantitative, heritable traits that may help to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying complex disease syndromes, such as schizophrenia. They can be assessed at numerous levels of analysis; here, we review electrophysiological endophenotypes that have shown promise in helping us understand schizophrenia from a more mechanistic point of view. For each endophenotype, we describe typical experimental procedures, reliability, heritability, and reported gene and neurobiological associations. We discuss recent findings regarding the genetic architecture of specific electrophysiological endophenotypes, as well as converging evidence from EEG studies implicating disrupted balance of glutamatergic signaling and GABAergic inhibition in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We conclude that refining the measurement of electrophysiological endophenotypes, expanding genetic association studies, and integrating data sets are important next steps for understanding the mechanisms that connect identified genetic risk loci for schizophrenia to the disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Owens
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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18
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Effect of rs1344706 in the ZNF804A gene on the connectivity between the hippocampal formation and posterior cingulate cortex. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:48-54. [PMID: 26654932 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ZNF804A is one of the most promising candidate genes for schizophrenia. Previous fMRI studies have repeatedly shown an association between SNP rs1344706 in this gene and the functional connectivity from the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) to the left hippocampal formation (lHF) during the N-back task. However, the rDLPFC-lHF functional connectivity included several subconnections and it is not known whether rs1344706 plays the same role in these subconnections. This study addressed that question using both fMRI and DTI data of 87 subjects. First, we replicated the association between rs1344706 and the rDLPFC-lHF functional connectivity using our fMRI data from the N-back task. Second, we reconstructed fiber connections between rDLPFC and lHF using our DTI data, which included three subconnections: from lHF to posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), from PCC to anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), and from ACC to rDLPFC. We found that only the lHF-PCC tract showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in risk allele homozygotes. Finally, we analyzed the fMRI data (from the N-back task and the resting state). Both consistently showed relatively lower lHF-PCC functional connectivity in risk allele homozygotes. Taken together, the disconnectivity of the lHF-PCC tract seems to be a plausible intermediate phenotype that links rs1344706 and schizophrenia.
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19
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Del Re EC, Gao Y, Eckbo R, Petryshen TL, Blokland GAM, Seidman LJ, Konishi J, Goldstein JM, McCarley RW, Shenton ME, Bouix S. A New MRI Masking Technique Based on Multi-Atlas Brain Segmentation in Controls and Schizophrenia: A Rapid and Viable Alternative to Manual Masking. J Neuroimaging 2015; 26:28-36. [PMID: 26585545 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brain masking of MRI images separates brain from surrounding tissue and its accuracy is important for further imaging analyses. We implemented a new brain masking technique based on multi-atlas brain segmentation (MABS) and compared MABS to masks generated using FreeSurfer (FS; version 5.3), Brain Extraction Tool (BET), and Brainwash, using manually defined masks (MM) as the gold standard. We further determined the effect of different masking techniques on cortical and subcortical volumes generated by FreeSurfer. METHODS Images were acquired on a 3-Tesla MR Echospeed system General Electric scanner on five control and five schizophrenia subjects matched on age, sex, and IQ. Automated masks were generated from MABS, FS, BET, and Brainwash, and compared to MM using these metrics: a) volume difference from MM; b) Dice coefficients; and c) intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS Mean volume difference between MM and MABS masks was significantly less than the difference between MM and FS or BET masks. Dice coefficient between MM and MABS was significantly higher than Dice coefficients between MM and FS, BET, or Brainwash. For subcortical and left cortical regions, MABS volumes were closer to MM volumes than were BET or FS volumes. For right cortical regions, MABS volumes were closer to MM volumes than were BET volumes. CONCLUSIONS Brain masks generated using FreeSurfer, BET, and Brainwash are rapidly obtained, but are less accurate than manually defined masks. Masks generated using MABS, in contrast, resemble more closely the gold standard of manual masking, thereby offering a rapid and viable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta C Del Re
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan Eckbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Konishi
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Hellmich C, Durant C, Jones MW, Timpson NJ, Bartsch U, Corbin LJ. Genetics, sleep and memory: a recall-by-genotype study of ZNF804A variants and sleep neurophysiology. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:96. [PMID: 26498712 PMCID: PMC4619339 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex, polygenic disorder for which over 100 genetic variants have been identified that correlate with diagnosis. However, the biological mechanisms underpinning the different symptom clusters remain undefined. The rs1344706 single nucleotide polymorphism within ZNF804A was among the first genetic variants found to be associated with schizophrenia. Previously, neuroimaging and cognitive studies have revealed several associations between rs1344706 and brain structure and function. The aim of this study is to use a recall-by-genotype (RBG) design to investigate the biological basis for the association of ZNF804A variants with schizophrenia. A RBG study, implemented in a population cohort, will be used to evaluate the impact of genetic variation at rs1344706 on sleep neurophysiology and procedural memory consolidation in healthy participants. METHODS/DESIGN Participants will be recruited from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) on the basis of genotype at rs1344706 (n = 24). Each participant will be asked to take part in two nights of in-depth sleep monitoring (polysomnography) allowing collection of neurophysiological sleep data in a manner not amenable to large-scale study. Sleep questionnaires will be used to assess general sleep quality and subjective sleep experience after each in-house recording. A motor sequencing task (MST) will be performed before and after the second night of polysomnography. In order to gather additional data about habitual sleep behaviour participants will be asked to wear a wrist worn activity monitor (actiwatch) and complete a sleep diary for two weeks. DISCUSSION This study will explore the biological function of ZNF804A genotype (rs1344706) in healthy volunteers by examining detailed features of sleep architecture and physiology in relation to motor learning. Using a RBG approach will enable us to collect precise and detailed phenotypic data whilst achieving an informative biological gradient. It would not be feasible to collect such data in the large sample sizes that would be required under a random sampling scheme. By dissecting the role of individual variants associated with schizophrenia in this way, we can begin to unravel the complex genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and pave the way for future development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hellmich
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Claire Durant
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre (CRICBristol), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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21
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Elevated P3b latency variability in carriers of ZNF804A risk allele for psychosis. Neuroimage 2015; 116:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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22
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Hinna KH, Rich K, Fex-Svenningsen Å, Benedikz E. The Rat Homolog of the Schizophrenia Susceptibility Gene ZNF804A Is Highly Expressed during Brain Development, Particularly in Growth Cones. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132456. [PMID: 26148198 PMCID: PMC4493006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the ZNF804A gene, rs1344706, is associated with schizophrenia. The polymorphism has been suggested to alter fetal expression of ZNF804A. It has also been reported to be associated with altered cortical functioning and neural connectivity in the brain. Since developmental mechanisms are suggested in the pathophysiology for schizophrenia, expression of Zfp804A, the rat homolog of ZNF804A, was investigated in the developing rat brain. We found that expression of Zfp804A in most brain regions is developmentally regulated and peaks around birth, where after it decreases towards adult levels. This time point is developmentally the equivalent to the second trimester of fetal development in humans. An exception to this expression pattern is the hippocampus where the expression of Zfp804A appears to increase again in the adult brain. Using laser capture and quantitative PCR we found that Zfp804A mRNA expression in the adult rat hippocampus is highest in the CA1 sub region, where the overall firing rates of neurons is higher than in the CA3 region. In cultured cortical neurons Zfp804A mRNA expression peaked at day 4 and then decreased. The ZFP804A protein expression was therefore investigated with immunochemistry in such cultures. Interestingly, before day 4, the protein is mostly found in the perinuclear region of the cell but at day 4, ZFP804A was instead found throughout the cell and particularly in the growth cones. In conclusion we demonstrate that Zfp804A increases in the rat brain at the time of birth, coinciding with neuronal differentiation. We also show that ZFP804A is localized to growth cones of growing neurites. These data implicate ZFP804A in growth cone function and neurite elongation. The polymorphism rs1344706 lowers expression of ZNF804A during prenatal brain development. This may affect ZNF804A’s role in cone function and neurite elongation leading to synaptic deficits and altered neural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hvid Hinna
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Rich
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Åsa Fex-Svenningsen
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eirikur Benedikz
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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23
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Association between ANKK1 (rs1800497) and LTA (rs909253) Genetic Variants and Risk of Schizophrenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015. [PMID: 26114114 DOI: 10.1155/2015/821827]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has assessed associations between schizophrenia and genetic variants of the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) genes among individuals of Middle Eastern ancestry. Here we present the first association study investigating the ANKK1 rs1800497 (T>C) and LTA rs909253 (A>G) single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an Egyptian population. Among 120 patients with DSM-IV and PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) assessments of schizophrenia and 100 healthy controls, we determined the genotypes for the polymorphisms using endonuclease digestion of amplified genomic DNA. Results confirmed previous findings from different ethnic populations, in that the rs1800497 and rs909253 polymorphisms were both associated with risk of schizophrenia. Differences between the genotypes of cases and controls were strongly significant (P = 0.0005 for rs1800497 and P = 0.001 for rs909253). The relative risk to schizophrenia was 1.2 (P = 0.01) for the C allele and 0.8 (P = 0.04) for the G allele. The CC, GG, and combined CC/AA genotypes were all more frequent in cases than in controls. These results support an association between ANKK1 and LTA genetic markers and vulnerability to schizophrenia and show the potential influence of just one copy of the mutant C or G allele in the Egyptian population.
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24
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Sun Y, Hu D, Liang J, Bao YP, Meng SQ, Lu L, Shi J. Association between variants of zinc finger genes and psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2015; 162:124-37. [PMID: 25667193 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders have a negative impact on society and human lives. Genetic factors are involved in the occurrence and development of psychiatric diseases. ZNF804A has been identified as one of the most compelling risk genes associated with broad phenotypes related to psychosis. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis and reviewed ZNF804A variants in psychosis-related disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We also summarized the association between other zinc finger protein genes (ZNFs) and psychiatric diseases. The meta-analysis included a total of six variants of ZNF804A and three variants of other ZNFs (ZDHHC8 and ZKSCAN4), and the effects of ZNF variants on neurocognition and neuroimaging phenotypes were reviewed. The biological functions of these variants are also presented. We verified that ZNF804A was significantly related to psychiatric diseases, and the association between ZNF804A rs1344706 and psychosis (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) did not vary with disease or ethnicity. The main brain area regulated by ZNF804A rs1344706 was the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The effect of ZNF804A variants on cognition did not display consistency with different diseases or methodologies. These findings suggest that ZNF804A might play an important role in common pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases, and its variants are likely involved in regulating the expression of psychosis-related genes, especially the dopamine pathway genes. Further research should focus on the molecular mechanisms by which ZNF804A variants act in psychiatric diseases and related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Die Hu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China; The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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25
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del Re EC, Spencer KM, Oribe N, Mesholam-Gately RI, Goldstein J, Shenton ME, Petryshen T, Seidman LJ, McCarley RW, Niznikiewicz MA. Clinical high risk and first episode schizophrenia: auditory event-related potentials. Psychiatry Res 2015; 231:126-33. [PMID: 25557063 PMCID: PMC4314407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The clinical high risk (CHR) period is a phase denoting a risk for overt psychosis during which subacute symptoms often appear, and cognitive functions may deteriorate. To compare biological indices during this phase with those during first episode schizophrenia, we cross-sectionally examined sex- and age-matched clinical high risk (CHR, n=21), first episode schizophrenia patients (FESZ, n=20) and matched healthy controls (HC, n=25) on oddball and novelty paradigms and assessed the N100, P200, P3a and P3b as indices of perceptual, attentional and working memory processes. To our knowledge, this is the only such comparison using all of these event-related potentials (ERPs) in two paradigms. We hypothesized that the ERPs would differentiate between the three groups and allow prediction of a diagnostic group. The majority of ERPs were significantly affected in CHR and FESZ compared with controls, with similar effect sizes. Nonetheless, in logistic regression, only the P3a and N100 distinguished CHR and FESZ from healthy controls, suggesting that ERPs not associated with an overt task might be more sensitive to prediction of group membership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta C del Re
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoya Oribe
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill Goldstein
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Connors Center for Women׳s Health and Gender Biology, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey Petryshen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Niznikiewicz
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Abstract
Over 100 loci are now associated with schizophrenia risk as identified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association studies. These findings mean that 'genes for schizophrenia' have unquestionably been found. However, many questions remain unanswered, including several which affect their therapeutic significance. The SNPs individually have minor effects, and even cumulatively explain only a modest fraction of the genetic predisposition. The remainder likely results from many more loci, from rare variants, and from gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The risk SNPs are almost all non-coding, meaning that their biological significance is unclear; probably their effects are mediated via an influence on gene regulation, and emerging evidence suggests that some key molecular events occur during early brain development. The loci include novel genes of unknown function as well as genes and pathways previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, e.g. NMDA receptor signalling. Genes in the latter category have the clearer therapeutic potential, although even this will be a challenging process because of the many complexities concerning the genetic architecture and mediating mechanisms. This review summarises recent schizophrenia genetic findings and some key issues they raise, particularly with regard to their implications for identifying and validating novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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27
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Hess JL, Quinn TP, Akbarian S, Glatt SJ. Bioinformatic analyses and conceptual synthesis of evidence linking ZNF804A to risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:14-35. [PMID: 25522715 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular genetics, fueled by the results of large-scale genome-wide association studies, meta-analyses, and mega-analyses, have provided the means of identifying genetic risk factors for human disease, thereby enriching our understanding of the functionality of the genome in the post-genomic era. In the past half-decade, research on neuropsychiatric disorders has reached an important milestone: the identification of susceptibility genes reliably associated with complex psychiatric disorders at genome-wide levels of significance. This age of discovery provides the groundwork for follow-up studies designed to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which genetic variants confer susceptibility to these disorders. The gene encoding zinc-finger protein 804 A (ZNF804A) is among these candidate genes, recently being found to be strongly associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder via one of its non-coding mutations, rs1344706. Neurobiological, molecular, and bioinformatic analyses have improved our understanding of ZNF804A in general and this variant in particular; however, more work is needed to establish the mechanism(s) by which ZNF804A variants impinge on the biological substrates of the two disorders. Here, we review literature recently published on ZNF804A, and analyze critical concepts related to the biology of ZNF804A and the role of rs1344706 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We synthesize the results of new bioinformatic analyses of ZNF804A with key elements of the existing literature and knowledge base. Furthermore, we suggest some potentially fruitful short- and long-term research goals in the assessment of ZNF804A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York City, New York
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28
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Arab AH, Elhawary NA. Association between ANKK1 (rs1800497) and LTA (rs909253) Genetic Variants and Risk of Schizophrenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:821827. [PMID: 26114114 PMCID: PMC4465678 DOI: 10.1155/2015/821827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited research has assessed associations between schizophrenia and genetic variants of the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) genes among individuals of Middle Eastern ancestry. Here we present the first association study investigating the ANKK1 rs1800497 (T>C) and LTA rs909253 (A>G) single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an Egyptian population. Among 120 patients with DSM-IV and PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) assessments of schizophrenia and 100 healthy controls, we determined the genotypes for the polymorphisms using endonuclease digestion of amplified genomic DNA. Results confirmed previous findings from different ethnic populations, in that the rs1800497 and rs909253 polymorphisms were both associated with risk of schizophrenia. Differences between the genotypes of cases and controls were strongly significant (P = 0.0005 for rs1800497 and P = 0.001 for rs909253). The relative risk to schizophrenia was 1.2 (P = 0.01) for the C allele and 0.8 (P = 0.04) for the G allele. The CC, GG, and combined CC/AA genotypes were all more frequent in cases than in controls. These results support an association between ANKK1 and LTA genetic markers and vulnerability to schizophrenia and show the potential influence of just one copy of the mutant C or G allele in the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa H. Arab
- 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A. Elhawary
- 2Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
- 3Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- *Nasser A. Elhawary:
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29
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Nenadic I, Maitra R, Basmanav FB, Schultz CC, Lorenz C, Schachtzabel C, Smesny S, Nöthen MM, Cichon S, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM, Gaser C. ZNF804A genetic variation (rs1344706) affects brain grey but not white matter in schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Psychol Med 2015; 45:143-152. [PMID: 25065377 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the gene encoding ZNF804A, a risk gene for schizophrenia, has been shown to affect brain functional endophenotypes of the disorder, while studies of white matter structure have been inconclusive. METHOD We analysed effects of ZNF804A single nucleotide polymorphism rs1344706 on grey and white matter using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans of 62 schizophrenia patients and 54 matched healthy controls. RESULTS We found a significant (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected for multiple comparisons) interaction effect of diagnostic group x genotype for local grey matter in the left orbitofrontal and right and left lateral temporal cortices, where patients and controls showed diverging effects of genotype. Analysing the groups separately (at p < 0.001, uncorrected), variation in rs1344706 showed effects on brain structure within the schizophrenia patients in several areas including the left and right inferior temporal, right supramarginal/superior temporal, right and left inferior frontal, left frontopolar, right and left dorsolateral/ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, and the right thalamus, as well as effects within the healthy controls in left lateral temporal, right anterior insula and left orbitofrontal cortical areas. We did not find effects of genotype of regional white matter in either of the two cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate effects of ZNF804A genetic variation on brain structure, with diverging regional effects in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in frontal and temporal brain areas. These effects, however, might be dependent on the impact of other (genetic or non-genetic) disease factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - R Maitra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - F B Basmanav
- Institute of Human Genetics,University of Bonn,Bonn,Germany
| | - C C Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - C Lorenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - C Schachtzabel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - S Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics,University of Bonn,Bonn,Germany
| | - S Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center,University of Bonn,Bonn,Germany
| | - J R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I (IDIR I),Jena University Hospital,Germany
| | - H Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - R G M Schlösser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - C Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
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