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Lee H, Morrison C, Doriean NJC, Welsh DT, Bennett WW. Trace metal distribution in seagrass-vegetated sediments of an urbanized estuary in Queensland, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116981. [PMID: 39299194 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Seagrasses increase sediment complexity by trapping particulates and influencing biogeochemical cycles via root oxygen loss and organic matter exudation. However, their impact on trace metal sequestration is poorly studied. We found significantly higher trace metal concentrations in seagrass sediments compared to adjacent bare sediments, correlating with total organic carbon, iron, and fine sediments. Sequential extractions showed that most trace metals were dominated by recalcitrant fractions (oxidizable and residual fractions), representing phases such as organic matter, iron sulfides, and crystalline iron oxides. Depth-dependent trends in trace metal partitioning were evident. For example, arsenic in the oxidizable fraction only weakly correlated with Fe in surface sediments (rsp = 0.55) but correlated strongly in deeper sediments (rsp = 0.87), consistent with iron sulfides being a dominant host-phase. Overall, these results suggest that the unique geochemical conditions facilitated by seagrasses play an important role in sequestering trace metals in urban estuarine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Lee
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Clare Morrison
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C Doriean
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - David T Welsh
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - William W Bennett
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Salles FJ, Diaz-Quijano FA, Luz MS, de Almeida GA, Akiba N, de Oliveira AP, Elias ADC, Rogero MM, Olympio KPK. Low levels of potentially toxic elements in workers are associated with self-reported health outcomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174510. [PMID: 38977094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to toxic elements can adversely affect health. The current study evaluated blood concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn in formal and informal workers. Additionally, the study investigated the associations between blood PTE concentrations and reported health outcomes in the study population. The exposed group included women engaged in informal jewelry welding within their homes in Limeira, São Paulo state, Brazil (n = 36) and men who worked at a steel company in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil (n = 22). The control group comprised residents of the same neighborhoods as the workers but without occupational exposure to chemicals (n = 28 in Limeira; n = 27 in Volta Redonda). Triple Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (TQ ICP-MS) was used to determine PTE concentrations in blood samples. Glycemia, insulin, and lipid profile tests were performed. All participants completed questionnaires on household risk and reported morbidity. The blood concentrations of Cd, As, and Pb, as well as glycemia, were higher in informal workers than in control subjects. No significant differences were observed between formal workers and control subjects. A robust Poisson regression model, adjusted for variables suggested by a Directed Acyclic Graph, disclosed associations of blood lead and arsenic concentrations with the prevalence of neurological manifestations in Limeira. Blood lead levels > 2.6 μg dL-1 were associated with 2.3 times the prevalence of self-reported neurological manifestations (95 % CI: 1.17-4.58; p = 0.02) than lower blood lead concentrations. Furthermore, a positive association between blood cadmium concentrations and glycemia was observed. Informal occupational exposure to these elements may indicate an increased risk of developing diseases. Monitoring exposure and implementing interventions to reduce PTE exposure in the work environment represent significant steps toward prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-904 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; The Human Exposome Research Group/ Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador - eXsat, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, SP, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Fredi Alexander Diaz-Quijano
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology - Laboratório de Inferência Causal em Epidemiologia (LINCE-USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-904, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maciel Santos Luz
- Laboratory of Metallurgical Process, Institute for Technological Research, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gilmar Alves de Almeida
- Laboratory of Metallurgical Process, Institute for Technological Research, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Naomi Akiba
- Laboratory of Metallurgical Process, Institute for Technological Research, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline de Carvalho Elias
- Laboratory of Metallurgical Process, Institute for Technological Research, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-904 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; The Human Exposome Research Group/ Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador - eXsat, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, SP, 01246-000, Brazil.
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3
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Pereira EC, Piai KDA, Salles FJ, Silva ASD, Olympio KPK. A comprehensive analysis of children's blood lead levels in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last eight years: Progress and recommendations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172372. [PMID: 38604359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In 2017 we published a review on blood lead levels (BLL) in children from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for data available up to 14th of March 2014 and recommended the identification and control of "lead hot spots". In the present study, an evaluation of progress toward reducing BLL in the region was carried out. A systematic review of the latest literature on lead exposure in the LAC region held on the PubMed, Web of Science and LILACS databases (January 2014 to March 2022) was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Only original papers published in peer-reviewed English, Spanish, or Portuguese journals were eligible. A total of 558 papers were retrieved, 77 of which met the selection criteria and 31 (40.25 %) were carried out in Mexico. The prevalence of children with BLL above 10 μg. dL-1 was 22.08 % in the previous review versus 6.78 % in the current study. In the present review, the prevalence of children with BLL above 5 μg. dL-1 was 29.62 %, and only one study reported a BLL prevalence rate between 3.3 and 5 μg. dL-1. The highest BLLs were associated with well-known sources or occupational exposures. The number of countries (n = 13) that published data on BLL in children was lower compared to the previous review (n = 16). Most studies were conducted in areas with known lead exposure sources, similar to the earlier review. The percentage of children at risk of lead poisoning in the region remains unknown because few studies have published data on environmental exposure levels and most samples were relatively small. The recommendation to identify and control sources of lead exposure was maintained, while further suggestions for establishing a systematic public health surveillance system for lead were proposed to help reduce the knowledge gap and inform public health policy-making in LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizeu Chiodi Pereira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kamila de Almeida Piai
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnes Soares da Silva
- Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
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Delina REG, Perez JPH, Stammeier JA, Bazarkina EF, Benning LG. Partitioning and Mobility of Chromium in Iron-Rich Laterites from an Optimized Sequential Extraction Procedure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6391-6401. [PMID: 38551030 PMCID: PMC11008241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) leached from iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxide-rich tropical laterites can substantially impact downstream groundwater, ecosystems, and human health. However, its partitioning into mineral hosts, its binding, oxidation state, and potential release are poorly defined. This is in part due to the current lack of well-designed and validated Cr-specific sequential extraction procedures (SEPs) for laterites. To fill this gap, we have (i) first optimized a Cr SEP for Fe (oxyhydr)oxide-rich laterites using synthetic and natural Cr-bearing minerals and laterite references, (ii) used a complementary suite of techniques and critically evaluated existing non-laterite and non-Cr-optimized SEPs, compared to our optimized SEP, and (iii) confirmed the efficiency of our new SEP through analyses of laterites from the Philippines. Our results show that other SEPs inadequately leach Cr host phases and underestimate the Cr fractions. Our SEP recovered up to seven times higher Cr contents because it (a) more efficiently dissolves metal-substituted Fe phases, (b) quantitatively extracts adsorbed Cr, and (c) prevents overestimation of organic Cr in laterites. With this new SEP, we can estimate the mineral-specific Cr fractionation in Fe-rich tropical soils more quantitatively and thus improve our knowledge of the potential environmental impacts of Cr from lateritic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Esther G. Delina
- GFZ
German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität
Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jessica A. Stammeier
- GFZ
German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elena F. Bazarkina
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European
Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraβe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liane G. Benning
- GFZ
German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität
Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Abbasi S, Turner A, Jędruchniewicz K, Różyło K, Oleszczuk P. Exchangeable versus residual metals in naturally aged plastic litter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24197-24206. [PMID: 38438643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Metals may be associated with plastics as additives arising from manufacture or through acquisition from the environment, but these associations are often poorly defined or referred to synonymously when considering metal availability. In this study, samples of plastic litter (n = 22) have been collected from various environmental and industrial compartments of Lublin Province, Poland, and fractionated according to polymer type (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, expanded polystyrene, polypropylene, and "mixed") before being micronised to < 2 mm. Composites (n = 89) were subjected to two phases of a standardised and widely employed sequential extraction protocol (Bureau Communautaire de Reference; BCR) in order to define available (acid-soluble and exchangeable) and residual (soluble in boiling aqua regia) concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. For a given metal, total content, calculated by summing available and residual components, was highly variable, both between locations and amongst polymer categories, reflecting the heterogeneous distribution of a multitude of different additives. Overall, however, concentrations were greatest for Fe, with medians of several hundred to several thousand mg kg-1 amongst the different polymers, and lowest for Cd, Co, and Ni, where nearly all concentrations were below 10 mg kg-1. Median percentage metal availabilities were greatest for expanded polystyrene and were above 25% for Mn and Zn and below 10% for Cr and Fe in all polymer types. These observations are largely, but not entirely, attributed to the relative contributions of metals acquired from the environment and metals present as additives and residues. Significantly, the approach employed allows direct comparisons of metal availability in plastics with metal availability in environmental solids in order to evaluate the overall impacts of plastics in metal risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Różyło
- Department of Agricultural Ecology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences, 13 Akademicka Street, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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6
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Li C, Li M, Zeng J, Yuan S, Luo X, Wu C, Xue S. Migration and distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal(loid)s at a lead smelting site. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:600-609. [PMID: 37778831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s contamination is a constant issue at smelting sites. It is essential to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil for environmental management and remediation strategies of non-ferrous smelting sites. In this study, 203 soil samples from 57 sites were collected in a typical lead smelting site. The findings demonstrated that there were significant Pb, Zn, Cd, and As contamination in soil samples. The spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s showed strong spatial heterogeneity, the contaminated soil areas of Pb, As, Cd, and Zn were 99.5%, 98.9%, 85.3%, and 72.4%, respectively. Pb, Cd, and As contamination of the soil reached a depth of 5 m, which migrated from the surface to deep soil layers. The leaching contents of Zn, Pb, and As decreased obviously in 3-4 m soil layer, but the leaching content of Cd was still high, which indicated the high migration of Cd. With the increase of depth, the proportion of acid soluble fraction of heavy metal(loid)s decreased, and the residual fraction increased. The acid soluble fraction of Cd accounted for a higher proportion, and As mainly existed in reducible and residual fractions in soil. According to the calculation of the migration factor, the migration of heavy metal(loid)s in soils were ordered as Cd > Zn > Pb > As. The outcomes are advantageous for risk reduction and site remediation for non-ferrous metal smelting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxuan Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiaqing Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shanxin Yuan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinghua Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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7
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Thorgersen MP, Goff JL, Poole FL, Walker KF, Putt AD, Lui LM, Hazen TC, Arkin AP, Adams MWW. Mixed nitrate and metal contamination influences operational speciation of toxic and essential elements. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122674. [PMID: 37793542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination constrains microbial communities impacting diversity and total metabolic activity. The former S-3 Ponds contamination site at Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), TN, has elevated concentrations of nitric acid and multiple metals from decades of processing nuclear material. To determine the nature of the metal contamination in the sediment, a three-step sequential chemical extraction (BCR) was performed on sediment segments from a core located upgradient (EB271, non-contaminated) and one downgradient (EB106, contaminated) of the S-3 Ponds. The resulting exchangeable, reducing, and oxidizing fractions were analyzed for 18 different elements. Comparison of the two cores revealed changes in operational speciation for several elements caused by the contamination. Those present from the S-3 Ponds, including Al, U, Co, Cu, Ni, and Cd, were not only elevated in concentration in the EB106 core but were also operationally more available with increased mobility in the acidic environment. Other elements, including Mg, Ca, P, V, As, and Mo, were less operationally available in EB106 having decreased concentrations in the exchangeable fraction. The bioavailability of essential macro nutrients Mg, Ca, and P from the two types of sediment was determined using three metal-tolerant bacteria previously isolated from ORR. Mg and Ca were available from both sediments for all three strains; however, P was not bioavailable from either sediment for any strain. The decreased operational speciation of P in contaminated ORR sediment may increase the dependence of the microbial community on other pools of P or select for microorganisms with increased P scavenging capabilities. Hence, the microbial community at the former S-3 Ponds contamination site may be constrained not only by increased toxic metal concentrations but also by the availability of essential elements, including P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Thorgersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Farris L Poole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Kathleen F Walker
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Andrew D Putt
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Lauren M Lui
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Michael W W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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8
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Bolsunovsky A, Borisov R, Melgunov M. New data on mobility of transuranium elements in sediments of the Yenisei River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 270:107285. [PMID: 37651770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The inflow of transuranium elements to the Yenisei River was previously associated with the production of weapons-grade plutonium at the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC, Zheleznogorsk, Russia), but the source of transuranium elements in the River today is fabrication of MOX fuel that started recently at the MCC. The current study presents results of sequential chemical extraction of radionuclides from sediment samples collected in 2014 and 2020 in two areas near the MCC discharge site and compares these results with the data obtained previously by sequential extraction of sediments collected during 1999-2007. Over the study period, the strength of binding of 137Cs and 60Co in the Yenisei River sediments was high (up to 100%) and remained so, while the percentages of 241Am and 152Eu in residual solids after sequential extraction increased considerably and the percentage of 239,240Pu in residual solids decreased in samples from all study areas. In samples collected at the position located close to the MCC discharge site, the percentages of the strongly bound 241Am and 152Eu as well as 239,240Pu were lower than in the samples from the other positions. The study demonstrated an enormous increase in 239,240Pu activity concentration in the top sediment layers collected at all positions in 2020 relative to 2014. In the same period, as literature data suggest, 239,240Pu activity concentrations also increased in aquatic organisms of the Yenisei River, which can be indicative of the growing potential bioavailability of plutonium in the aquatic ecosystem, which could be caused by the presence of the mobile form of plutonium in the routine discharges from the MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bolsunovsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Roman Borisov
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Melgunov
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Wu F, Yang L, Wang X, Yuan W, Lin CJ, Feng X. Mercury Accumulation and Sequestration in a Deglaciated Forest Chronosequence: Insights from Particulate and Mineral-Associated Forms of Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16512-16521. [PMID: 37857302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mercury (Hg) complexation with soil organic matter is important in assessing atmospheric Hg accumulation and sequestration processes in forest ecosystems. Separating soil organic matter into particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) can help in the understanding of Hg dynamics and cycling due to their very different chemical constituents and associated formation and functioning mechanisms. The concentration of Hg, carbon, and nitrogen contents and isotopic signatures of POM and MAOM in a deglaciated forest chronosequence were determined to construct the processes of Hg accumulation and sequestration. The results show that Hg in POM and MAOM are mainly derived from atmospheric Hg0 deposition. Hg concentration in MAOM is up to 76% higher than that in POM of broadleaf forests and up to 60% higher than that in POM of coniferous forests. Hg accumulation and sequestration in organic soil vary with the vegetation succession. Variations of δ202Hg and Δ199Hg are controlled by source mixing in the broadleaf forest and by Hg sequestration processes in the coniferous forest. Accumulation of atmospheric Hg and subsequent microbial reduction enrich heavier Hg isotopes in MAOM compared to POM due to the specific chemical constituents and nutritional role of MAOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luhan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Che-Jen Lin
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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10
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Liang Y, Wang R, Sheng GD, Pan L, Lian E, Su N, Tang X, Yang S, Yin D. Geochemical controls on the distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments from Yangtze River to the East China Sea: Assessed by sequential extraction versus diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131253. [PMID: 36966626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on the distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in sediments along two typical transects from Yangtze River to the East China Sea continental shelf that spanning large physicochemical gradients. Heavy metals were mainly associated with the fine-grained sediments (enriched with organic matter), exhibiting decreasing trends from nearshore to offshore sites. The turbidity maximum zone showed the highest metal concentrations, which evaluated as polluted for some tested metals (especially Cd) using the geo-accumulation index. Based on the modified BCR procedure, the non-residual fractions of Cu, Zn and Pb were higher within the turbidity maximum zone, and significantly negatively correlated with bottom water salinity. The DGT-labile metals all positively correlated with the acid-soluble metal fraction (especially for Cd, Zn and Cr), and negatively correlated with salinity (except Co). Therefore, our results suggest salinity as the key factor controlling metal bioavailability, which could further modulate metal diffusive fluxes at the sediment-water interface. Considering that DGT probes could readily capture the bioavailable metal fractions, and reflect the impacts of salinity, we suggest DGT technique can be used as a robust predictor for metal bioavailability and mobility in estuary sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - G Daniel Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Linhong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ergang Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ni Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiliang Tang
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 430014, PR China
| | - Shouye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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11
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Li L, Yang Y, Xu C, Luo Y, Wang Y, Liang X, Sun J. Immobilization of Cd by mercapto-palygorskite in typical calcareous and acidic soil aggregates: Performance and differences. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138223. [PMID: 36863623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The microscale spatial heterogeneity and complexity of soil aggregates affect the properties and distribution of heavy metals (HMs). It has been confirmed that amendments can alter the distribution of Cd in soil aggregates. However, whether the Cd immobilization effect of amendments varies across soil aggregate levels remains unknown. In this study, soil classification and culture experiments were combined to explore the effects of mercapto-palygorskite (MEP) on Cd immobilization in soil aggregates of different particle sizes. The results showed that a 0.05-0.2% MEP application decreased soil available Cd by 53.8-71.62% and 23.49-36.71% in calcareous and acidic soils, respectively. The Cd immobilization efficiency of MEP in calcareous soil aggregates was in the following order: micro-aggregates (66.42-80.19%) > bulk soil (53.78-71.62%) > macro-aggregates (44.00-67.51%), while the efficiency in acidic soil aggregates was inconsistent. In MEP-treated calcareous soil, the percentage change in Cd speciation in micro-aggregates were higher than that in macro-aggregates, whereas there was no significant difference in Cd speciation between the four acidic soil aggregates. Mercapto-palygorskite addition in micro-aggregates of calcareous soil increased the available Fe and Mn concentrations by 20.98-47.10% and 17.98-32.66%, respectively. Mercapto-palygorskite had no effect on soil pH, EC, CEC, and DOC values, while the difference in soil properties between the four particle sizes was the main influencing factor of MEP treatments on Cd in calcareous soil. The effects of MEP on HMs varied across soil aggregates and soil types, but had strong specificity and selectivity for Cd immobilization. This study illustrates the influence of soil aggregates on Cd immobilization using MEP, which can be used to guide the remediation of Cd-contaminated calcareous and acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Grain Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Grain Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Grain Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Chunhong Xu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Grain Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yichao Luo
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Grain Quality Security, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Jingjie Sun
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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12
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Zhou Y, Tang Y, Liao C, Su M, Shih K. Recent advances toward structural incorporation for stabilizing heavy metal contaminants: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130977. [PMID: 36860053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has resulted in serious environmental damage and raised significant public health concerns. One potential solution in terminal waste treatment is to structurally incorporate and immobilize heavy metals in some robust frameworks. Yet extant research offers a limited perspective on how metal incorporation behavior and stabilization mechanisms can effectively manage heavy metal-laden waste. This review sets forth detailed research on the feasibility of treatment strategies to incorporate heavy metals into structural frameworks; this paper also compares common methods and advanced characterization techniques for identifying metal stabilization mechanisms. Furthermore, this review analyses the typical hosting structures for heavy metal contaminants and metal incorporation behavior, highlighting the importance of structural features on metal speciation and immobilization efficiency. Lastly, this paper systematically summarizes key factors (i.e., intrinsic properties and external conditions) affecting metal incorporation behavior. Drawing on these impactful findings, the paper discusses future directions in the design of waste forms that efficiently, effectively treat heavy metal contaminants. By examining tailored composition-structure-property relationships in metal immobilization strategies, this review reveals possible solutions for crucial challenges in waste treatment and enhances the development of structural incorporation strategies for heavy metal immobilization in environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Changzhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minhua Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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13
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Khan YK, Shah MH. Sequential extraction of selected metals to assess their mobility, pollution status and health risk in roadside soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:552. [PMID: 37038007 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the mobility and contamination of trace metals in the roadside soil is important to explore the environmental quality and potential risks to the public health. The contents of selected metals (Ca, Mg, Sr, K, Na, Li, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb) in the roadside soil collected from major highways/roadsides of Lahore, Pakistan were quantified employing mBCR sequential extraction. Among the metals, Ca, Sr and Na showed highest contribution in exchangeable fraction, Pb in the reducible fraction and K, Li, Fe, Ag, Ni, Cu and Cr in the residual fraction. However, Mg and Mn exhibited relatively higher contents in exchangeable and residual fractions while Cd, Co and Zn showed relatively higher concentration in all four fractions. Comparatively higher mobility and availability in the soil was shown by Ca followed by Sr, Pb, Na, Cd, Zn, Co, Mn, Cu, Ag and Ni. Principal component analysis demonstrated considerable anthropogenic contributions of the trace metals in the roadside soil. The pollution indices showed that the soil was heavily to extremely polluted by Cd and Ag, followed by significant to very high contamination for Co, Ni and Pb. The modified degree of contamination (4.60 and 3.99 in summer and winter, respectively) revealed an overall high degree of contamination. The health risk assessment revealed that the calculated risks were within the safe limit thereby indicating insignificant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic heath risk to the populace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Karim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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14
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Kao PT, Fleming H, Warren H, Darch T, McGrath SP, Buss HL, Lee MRF. The impact of feeding supplemental minerals to sheep on the return of micronutrients to pasture via urine and faeces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2747. [PMID: 36797446 PMCID: PMC9935513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The form (organic versus inorganic) of minerals (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn), supplemented to sheep (Charolais × Suffolk-Mule (mean weight = 57 ± 2.9 kg) at two European industrial doses, on the return of micronutrients to pasture via nutrient partitioning and composition in sheep urine and faeces was investigated. This gave four treatments in total with 6 animals per treatment (n = 24). The form of the supplemented minerals did not influence the excretory partitioning of micronutrients (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn) between urine and faeces, nor on their concentrations in the excreta. The two doses trialed however, may influence the Se flux in the environment through altering the ratios of Se:P and Se:S ratios in the faeces and Se:S ratio in the urine. Administration of the mineral supplements also improved the retention of P in sheep reducing its excretion via urine. Although the concentrations of readily bioavailable micronutrients in the faeces were not affected by the mineral forms, there were differences in the more recalcitrant fractions of Se, Zn and Cu (as inferred via a sequential extraction) in faeces when different forms of supplemental minerals were offered. The potential impact of these differences on micronutrient flux in pasture requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.-T. Kao
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB Devon UK
| | - H. Fleming
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB Devon UK
| | - H. Warren
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, Co. Meath Ireland
| | - T. Darch
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB Devon UK
| | - S. P. McGrath
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Hertfordshire UK
| | - H. L. Buss
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ UK
| | - M. R. F. Lee
- grid.417899.a0000 0001 2167 3798Harper Adams University, Newport, TF10 8NB Shropshire UK
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15
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HongE Y, Wan Z, Kim Y, Yu J. Submerged zone and vegetation drive distribution of heavy metal fractions and microbial community structure: Insights into stormwater biofiltration system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158367. [PMID: 36049683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration system is a widely used stormwater treatment option that is effective in removing heavy metals. The concentration and distribution of heavy metal fractions in biofiltration filter media, as well as the microbiota composition affected by the design parameters, are relatively novel concepts that require further research. A laboratory-scale column study was conducted to investigate the microbial community and the fractionation of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) extracted from filter media samples, subjected to the presence of vegetation, submerged zone (SZ), and major environmental parameters (pH, water content). Sequential extractions revealed that, compared to the three other fractions (exchangeable fraction, reducible fraction, and oxidizable fraction), the residual fraction was the most represented for each metal (41 - 82 %). As a result, vegetation was found to reduce pH value, and significantly decrease the concentration of the exchangeable fraction of Pb in the middle layer, and the oxidizable fraction of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr in the middle and bottom layers (p < 0.05). The formation of an anoxic environment by submerged zone settlements resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of reducible fractions and a significant increase in the concentration of oxidizable fractions for four heavy metals (p < 0.05). In addition, the analysis of the microbiota showed that the diversity and richness of microorganisms increased in the presence of SZ and plants. The dominant phylum in biofiltration was Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria as major phyla. Heavy metal fractions could regulate the structure of microbial communities in biofiltration. The findings of this study would enrich our understanding of the improvement of multi-metal-contaminated runoff treatment and highlight the impact of design parameters and heavy metal fractionation on microbial community structure in the biofiltration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng HongE
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zeyi Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan City 356-706, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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16
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Kharazian P, Fernández-Ondoño E, Jiménez MN, Sierra Aragón M, Aguirre-Arcos A, Bacchetta G, Cappai G, De Giudici G. Pinus halepensis in Contaminated Mining Sites: Study of the Transfer of Metals in the Plant-Soil System Using the BCR Procedure. TOXICS 2022; 10:728. [PMID: 36548561 PMCID: PMC9785362 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at evaluating the geochemical fractions of Zn, Pb, Cd and their bioavailability in soil in-depth and around the root of Pinus halepensis grown on heavily contaminated mine tailing in south-western Sardinia, Italy. The contaminated substrates were partly investigated in a previous study and are composed of pyrite, dolomite, calcite, quartz, gypsum, barite, iron-sulfate and iron-oxide. The geochemical fractions and bioavailability of Zn, Pb and Cd were measured through the BCR extractions method. Cadmium in the superficial contaminated substrates was mainly found in the exchangeable BCR fraction. Zinc and lead were often found in the residual BCR fraction. PCA confirmed that the uppermost alkaline-calcareous layers of mine waste were different with respect to the deeper acidic layers. We demonstrated that Pb and Zn were less present in the exchangeable form around the roots of P. halepensis and in soil depth. This can be due to uptake or other beneficial effect of rhizospheres interaction processes. Further studies will shed light to confirm if P. halepensis is a good candidate to apply phytostabilization in mine tailing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Kharazian
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato-Blocco A, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Emilia Fernández-Ondoño
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Noelia Jiménez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sierra Aragón
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Aguirre-Arcos
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cappai
- Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Giudici
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato-Blocco A, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy
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17
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Smal H, Ligęza S, Pranagal J, Gmitrowicz-Iwan J. Speciation and risk assessment of Zn, Pb, and Cd in bottom sediments of two small upland dam reservoirs, Poland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116041. [PMID: 36041307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sediments of two small dam reservoirs in Poland, Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) and Brody Iłżeckie (BI), were studied. Sediments from both reservoirs were sampled at 17 sites in the transects perpendicular to the shoreline, at the river inflow and the frontal dam and analysed using the BCR procedure for speciation of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The risk assessment code (RAC) and the individual contamination factor (ICF) were determined. In BI, the sediments were removed from the considerable part of the reservoir, creating an opportunity to study the effect of dredging on the speciation of trace metals. Trace metals partitioning was differentiated according to the transect/site and in the case of BI sediments also on the transect location in the dredged or undredged part of the reservoir. Considering ZZ sediments, the order of fractions for Zn, Pb and Cd according to a decreasing overall mean percentage contribution to total metal content was the same: F4 (residual) >F3 (oxidisable) >F2 (reducible) >F1 (acid soluble). In sediments of ZZ at most sites, the RAC for Zn, Pb and Cd revealed low or medium risk and ICF low or moderate contamination. For BI sediments, the order of fractions for Pb was similar while for Zn and Cd quite the opposite compared to the sediments of ZZ and it was: Pb-F4>F3>F1>F2, Zn-F1>F3>F2>F4, Cd-F1>F2>F3>F4. For BI sediments, RAC values for Zn, on average, indicated high and very high ecological risk; for Pb low and moderate risk and for Cd - high risk in the initial part and dredged part and according to the average value in the reservoir, while a medium risk in undredged part sediments. The ICF index showed high contamination with Cd for all BI sediments. The sequential analysis showed that Pb is poorly mobile as in sediments of both reservoirs residual fractions accounted, on average, for about 60% of the total content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Smal
- Institute of Soil Science, Engineering and Environment Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego St. 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ligęza
- Institute of Soil Science, Engineering and Environment Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego St. 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Pranagal
- Institute of Soil Science, Engineering and Environment Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego St. 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Gmitrowicz-Iwan
- Institute of Soil Science, Engineering and Environment Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego St. 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
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18
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Mayer MM, Basta NT, Scheckel KG. Using phosphate amendments to reduce bioaccessible Pb in contaminated soils: A meta-analysis. FRONTIERS IN SOIL SCIENCE 2022; 2:1-14. [PMID: 36733849 PMCID: PMC9890325 DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1028328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the reduction of in vitro bioaccessible (IVBA) Pb from the addition of phosphate amendments has been researched for more than 20 years. A range of effects have been observed from increases in IVBA Pb to almost 100% reduction. This study determined the mean change in IVBA Pb as a fraction of total Pb (AC) and relative to the IVBA Pb of the control soil (RC) with a random effects meta-analysis. Forty-four studies that investigated the ability of inorganic phosphate amendments to reduce IVBA Pb were identified through 5 databases. These studies were split into 3 groups: primary, secondary, and EPA Method 1340 based on selection criteria, with the primary group being utilized for subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The mean AC was approximately -12% and mean RC was approximately -25% for the primary and secondary groups. For the EPA Method 1340 group, the mean AC was -5% and mean RC was -8%. The results of subgroup analysis identified the phosphorous amendment applied and contamination source as having a significant effect on the AC and RC. Soluble amendments reduce bioaccessible Pb more than insoluble amendments and phosphoric acid is more effective than other phosphate amendments. Urban Pb contamination associated with legacy Pb-paint and tetraethyl Pb from gasoline showed lower reductions than other sources such as shooting ranges and smelting operations. Meta-regression identified high IVBA Pb in the control, low incubated soil pH, and high total Pb with the greater reductions in AC and RC. In order to facilitate comparisons across future remediation research, a set of minimum reported data should be included in published studies and researchers should use standardized in vitro bioaccessibility methods developed for P-treated soils. Additionally, a shared data repository should be created for soil remediation research to enhance available soil property information and better identify unique materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred M. Mayer
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas T. Basta
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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19
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Zuo W, Song B, Shi Y, Zupanic A, Guo S, Huang H, Jiang L, Yu Y. Using Bacillus thuringiensis HM-311@hydroxyapatite@biochar beads to remediate Pb and Cd contaminated farmland soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135797. [PMID: 35930931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) have become serious soil contaminants in China. In this work, we immobilized B. thuringiensis HM-311 (a heavy metal resistant strain) using vinegar residue biochar and hydroxyapatite (HAP) to form BtHM-311@HAP@biochar calcium alginate beads. In aqueous solution, the beads respectively reduced 1000 mg/L Pb2+ to 14.59 mg/L and 200 mg/L Cd2+ to 5.40 mg/L within 20 h. Furthermore, the results of pot experiment showed that the BtHM-311@HAP@biochar beads reduced the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soil. The accumulation of Pb2+ in rice decreased by 39.97% in shoots and 46.40% in roots, while that of Cd2+ decreased by 34.59 and 44.9%, respectively. Similarly, the accumulation of Pb2+ in corn decreased by 40.86% in shoots and 51.34% in roots, while that of Cd2+ decreased by 41.28 and 42.91%, respectively. The beads also increased the microbial community diversity in the rhizosphere soil. These findings indicate that BtHM-311@HAP@biochar beads may be applicable for the bioremediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zuo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyi Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Shuxian Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Li H, Li Y, Tang W, Zhong H, Zhao J, Bai X, Sha S, Xu D, Lei P, Gao Y. Assessment of the Bioavailability of Mercury Sulfides in Paddy Soils Using Sodium Thiosulfate Extraction - Results from Microcosm Experiments. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:764-770. [PMID: 35305130 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury sulfides (HgS), one of the largest Hg sinks in the lithosphere, has long been considered to be highly inert. Recently, several HgS speciation (e.g., nano- or micro-sized HgS particles) in paddy soils have been found to be reactive and bioavailable, increasing the possibility of methylation and bioaccumulation and posing a potential risk to humans. However, a simple and uniform method for investigating HgS bioavailability is still lacking. To address this issue, we extracted dissolved Hg from HgS particles by sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) in paddy soils and analyzed the correlation between extracted Hg and soil methylmercury (MeHg). Results showed that the amounts of Hg extracted by Na2S2O3 had a strong positive correlation with the levels of soil MeHg (R 2 adj = 0.893, p < 0.05). It is suggested that Na2S2O3 extraction may be a good method of predicting Hg bioavailability in paddy soils. Our results would help to give clues in better predicting Hg risk in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Diandou Xu
- Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuxi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Besançon C, Sardini P, Savoye S, Descostes M, Gérard M. Quantifying 226Ra activity in a complex assemblage of 226Ra-bearing minerals using alpha autoradiography and SEM/EDS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 251-252:106951. [PMID: 35780670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
226Ra is an ultra-trace element with important environmental implications for many industries (including water treatment and oil and mineral extraction). Its extremely low concentrations in natural environments do not allow for direct observation and measurement of the 226Ra-bearing minerals governing 226Ra mobility. To better understand the retention processes for 226Ra in rocks and soil, a synthesized assemblage of 226Ra-doped minerals was made, combining montmorillonite, ferrihydrite and barite. A new methodology was developed using alpha activity maps acquired using alpha autoradiography, and elemental maps by using SEM/EDS. These maps were processed using a global approach, considering the entirety of the signal. The comparison of the alpha activity map and the elemental map enabled a correlation to be established between the 226Ra activity and the chemical composition and identification of the main 226Ra-bearing mineral of the assemblage, from which we were able to estimate the contribution of each mineral to the total activity of the assemblage, and to quantify the 226Ra-activity for each mineral. This methodology makes it possible to link mineralogy and occurrence of 226Ra at the scale of the mineral (tens of μm). It can be applied to natural samples, including fine-grained samples with a complex mineralogy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Besançon
- Environmental R&D Department, ORANO Mining, 125 Avenue de Paris, 92320, Chatillon, France; Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Paul Sardini
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, Rue Michel Brunet, Bat. 35, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Savoye
- Des, Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael Descostes
- Environmental R&D Department, ORANO Mining, 125 Avenue de Paris, 92320, Chatillon, France; Centre de Géosciences, MINES ParisTech, PSL University, 35 Rue St Honoré, Fontainebleau, 77300, France
| | - Martine Gérard
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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22
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McLagan DS, Schwab L, Wiederhold JG, Chen L, Pietrucha J, Kraemer SM, Biester H. Demystifying mercury geochemistry in contaminated soil-groundwater systems with complementary mercury stable isotope, concentration, and speciation analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1406-1429. [PMID: 34981096 PMCID: PMC9491299 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00368b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of mercury (Hg) geochemistry in environmental systems remains a challenge. This is largely associated with the inability to identify specific Hg transformation processes and species using established analytical methods in Hg geochemistry (total Hg and Hg speciation). In this study, we demonstrate the improved Hg geochemical interpretation, particularly related to process tracing, that can be achieved when Hg stable isotope analyses are complemented by a suite of more established methods and applied to both solid- (soil) and liquid-phases (groundwater) across two Hg2+-chloride (HgCl2) contaminated sites with distinct geological and physicochemical properties. This novel approach allowed us to identify processes such as Hg2+ (i.e., HgCl2) sorption to the solid-phase, Hg2+ speciation changes associated with changes in groundwater level and redox conditions (particularly in the upper aquifer and capillary fringe), Hg2+ reduction to Hg0, and dark abiotic redox equilibration between Hg0 and Hg(II). Hg stable isotope analyses play a critical role in our ability to distinguish, or trace, these in situ processes. While we caution against the non-critical use of Hg isotope data for source tracing in environmental systems, due to potentially variable source signatures and overprinting by transformation processes, our study demonstrates the benefits of combining multiple analytical approaches, including Hg isotope ratios as a process tracer, to obtain an improved picture of the enigmatic geochemical behavior and fate of Hg at contaminated legacy sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S McLagan
- Institute for Geoecology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - L Schwab
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J G Wiederhold
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Chen
- Institute for Geoecology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - J Pietrucha
- Institute for Geoecology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - S M Kraemer
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Biester
- Institute for Geoecology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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23
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Mei H, Huang W, Wang Y, Xu T, Zhao L, Zhang D, Luo Y, Pan X. One stone two birds: Bone char as a cost-effective material for stabilizing multiple heavy metals in soil and promoting crop growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156163. [PMID: 35623524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of farmland soils contaminated with high levels of multiple heavy metals near PbZn smeltery is still a great challenge. It is of great significance to find cost-effective green remediation technologies for stabilization of multiple heavy metals in soil and reduce metal accumulation in crops with ensured yield. In this study, we demonstrated that bone char (BC) is an effective heavy metal stabilizer which can substantially increase residual fractions of heavy metals and reduce metal accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum) with its enhanced growth. We chose the soils contaminated with high levels of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd near the Baiyin PbZn smeltery as the tested soil. After 2 months of BC application, the relative mobile fractions (non-residual fractions) of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the contaminated soil decreased while the residual fraction increased significantly. The leachability of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd decreased by 91.2%, 38.6%, 67.6% and 54.3%, respectively compared with the control. BC application remarkably promoted pea growth and reduced accumulation of heavy metals in shoots. The mechanisms for stabilization of multiple heavy metals BC include ion exchange, surface complexation and subsequent mineralization, accompanied with release of Ca and phosphate. The immobilization of heavy metals led to their reduced toxicity to plant, and thus increased pea growth. The results show that BC is a cost-effective and sustainable heavy metal stabilizer with phosphate fertilization function. It can simultaneously immobilize multiple heavy metals in soil and facilitate crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Mei
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
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24
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Fang TH, Huang ZT, Chang FW. The geochemical and environmental characteristics of trace metals in surface sediments of the river estuarine mouths around the Taiwan Island and the Taiwan Strait. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113967. [PMID: 35908489 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The trace metals species in surface sediments of the Taiwanese river estuarine mouths and the Taiwan Strait were examined by sequential extraction method. Based on the metal species present in sediments, trace metals can be divided into three groups: (1) Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn; (2) Cu and Hg; and (3) Mn and Pb. The total concentrations of trace metals in the first two groups are dominated by the residual fraction. While, Cu and Hg their organic species also contributes a significant percentage and reduces the residual fraction portion. Lead and Mn are dominated by the labile fraction. The total metal concentrations in the analyzed sediments seem to be influenced by Fe oxides, TOC and grain size. The metals contamination status assessed by three environmental indices suggests that the analyzed sediments are minor contaminated by trace metals, with a few exceptions of Cu and Hg at some stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Hsi Fang
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Zih Ting Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Fu Wei Chang
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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25
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Schmidt F, Ledermann L, Schäffer A, Snaith HJ, Lenz M. Rapid sequestration of perovskite solar cell-derived lead in soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:128995. [PMID: 35525217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells rely on the use of Pb species potentially challenging the technologies' commercialisation. In this study, the fate of Pb derived from two common perovskite precursors is compared to cationic lead in soil-water microcosm experiments under various biogeochemical conditions. The rapid and efficient removal of Pb from the aqueous phase is demonstrated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sequential soil extraction results reveal that a substantial amount of Pb is associated with immobile fractions, whereas a minor proportion of Pb may become available again in the long term, when oxygen is depleted (e.g. during water logging). X-ray absorption spectroscopy results reveal that the sorption of Pb on mineral phases represents the most likely sequestration mechanism. The obtained results suggest that the availability of leached Pb from perovskite solar cells is naturally limited in soils and that its adverse effects on soil biota are possibly negligible in oxic soils. All three Pb sources used behaved very similar in the experiments, wherefore we conclude that perovskite derived Pb will have a similar fate compared to cationic Pb, so that established risk assessment considerations for Pb remain legitimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmidt
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luca Ledermann
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Markus Lenz
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Ke W, Zeng J, Zhu F, Luo X, Feng J, He J, Xue S. Geochemical partitioning and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils contaminated by lead smelting. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119486. [PMID: 35595002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) pollution is a universal and complex problem at lead smelting sites. Further understanding on the distribution, coexistence relationship and occurrence form of multi-metals in soils should be taken prior to restoration on the contaminated sites. In this study, 222 soil samples in a typical abandoned lead smelting site were investigated to understand the spatial distribution and geochemical partitioning of HMs. The results showed that soil quality was seriously threatened by As, Pb and Cd, which expressed high spatial heterogeneity. Integration of sequential extraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and mineral liberation analysers were employed to qualify the geochemical partitioning of HMs. The data showed that Pb and As were mainly partitioned in the reducible phase and residue phase, where the maximum of As were 18% and 79%, and the maximum of Pb were 31% and 64%, respectively, whilst Cd was mainly partitioned with residue phase (about 25%) and weakly acid soluble phase (about 18%). Paulmooreite was the major important mineral host for Pb and As, whereas Cd predominantly existed in willemite. These minerals containing HMs could usually with Fe reside in the octahedral layer of clay minerals such as montmorillonite, and may also reside in the interlayer. Quartz, montmorillonite and goethite were closely associated with HMs minerals in contaminated soils, which limited vertical migration of HMs and potential risks to groundwater. The results enhanced the understanding of spatial distribution and occurrence behavior of HMs, whilst providing potential benefits to heavy metal stabilization and risks control at abandoned non-ferrous metal smelting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshun Ke
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Jiaqing Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Xinghua Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Jingpei Feng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Jin He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
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27
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Álvarez-Quintana J, Ordóñez A, García-Ordiales E, Álvarez R. Surface Microanalysis and Sequential Chemical Extraction as Tools for Reliable Environmental Mobility Assessment of Sb and Other Metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159609. [PMID: 35954966 PMCID: PMC9368369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sequential extraction procedures (SEPs) are widely used in environmental studies to infer the chemical and/or mineralogical forms of pollutants of concern in soils and sediments. Although there is no general agreement among the scientific community, these methods have shown some limitations, especially those with a lack of objectivity in their interpretation. In this work, a soil sampling campaign was carried out in an area affected by an abandoned Sb mine. Samples (0–15 cm) were carefully prepared and analyzed by an SEP. They were also studied by conventional mineralogical methods (optical and electronic microscopy, both scanning and transmission, with a coupled energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer). When comparing the results obtained from both techniques, some discrepancies are highlighted, with As, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn as elements of concern. For Sb, Cu, Pb and As the predominant fraction (excluding the residual one) is that associated with organic matter (from 8.54 for Sb to 18.90% for Cu). The fractions of pollutants linked to Fe and/or Mn oxides are quantitatively important for As, Pb and Zn (6.46%, 12.05% and 7.43%, respectively) and almost negligible for Cu and Sb. On the contrary, analyses carried out by EDX at a grain scale pointed out that no detectable quantities of the elements of concern were present on the surface of the organic particles. Sb and Pb were always detectable in Fe oxides (up to 1.84 and 5.76%, respectively). Regarding the role of the clayey fraction, the only disagreement between the employed SEP and the microanalysis is in relation to As. Arsenic bound to clay minerals was found to be an order of magnitude lower than As associated with Fe oxides (0.56% and 6.46%, respectively); in contrast, EDX microanalyses showed similar As contents in both groups. Given the objectiveness of EDX microanalysis, these differences should be considered inaccuracies in the interpretation of the sequential extraction results.
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28
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Qu J, Zhang X, Guan Q, Kong L, Yang R, Ma X. Effects of biochar underwent different aging processes on soil properties and Cd passivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57885-57895. [PMID: 35359207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the efficacy of biochar underwent different aging process including freeze-thaw cycling aging (FB), acidified aging (AB), and microbial aging (MB) on soil physicochemical properties and Cd passivation. The Cd-contaminated soil (3 mg·kg-1) amended with the three kinds of aging biochar (at 4% w:w) were subjected to 56-day incubation. The application of FB and MB in soil increased the soil pH (0.82-1.04, 0.27-9.36), CEC (1.06-2.53 cmol·kg-1, 1.66-2.59 cmol·kg-1), and organic matter content (2.28-4.67 g·kg-1, 3.70-5.48 g·kg-1). FB performed best in stabilizing Cd (17.06-23.65%). On the contrary, AB decreased the soil pH and CEC by 0.82-1.04 and 1.32-2.40 cmol·kg-1 and activated Cd by 11.6-19.24%. In conclusion, the efficacy of biochar on soil remediation and Cd passivation varied with aging method and cycle, and freeze-thaw treatment is an effective approach to improve the performance of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Protection of Black Soil in Cold Region, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingkai Guan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Linghui Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xianfa Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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29
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Meng Z, Huang S, Xu T, Lin Z, Wu J. Competitive adsorption, immobilization, and desorption risks of Cd, Ni, and Cu in saturated-unsaturated soils by biochar under combined aging. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128903. [PMID: 35460995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated saturated-unsaturated soils, which were closer to the actual field conditions than traditional batch and column experiments with large water-soil ratios. The competitive adsorption, immobilization, and desorption of Cd, Ni, and Cu in soils treated with original and KMnO4-modified biochars were investigated under combined aging. Moreover, the employment of a three-layer mesh method enabled the independent analysis of heavy metals on biochar and soil during aging. The results showed that the order of biochar adsorption capacities was Cd > Cu > Ni in tested soils, and competing with Ni and Cu enhanced the Cd adsorption on biochars. Cd desorbed most with the CaCl2 solution while Ni and Cu desorbed most with citric acid. Modified biochar had improved immobilization effects compared to original biochar, and maintained the most stable remediation effects. The maximum variations in the stable Cd fraction during aging were 7.21%, 13.26%, and 14.71% for modified biochar, original biochar, and CK, respectively. However, for Ni and Cu, the biochar application reduced the residual fraction and increased desorption by citric acid. However, the stable fractions of Ni and Cu remained dominant, accounting for 83.28-97.85% and 86.31-98.96%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongbing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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30
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Botsou F, Sungur A, Kelepertzis E, Kypritidou Z, Daferera O, Massas I, Argyraki A, Skordas K, Soylak M. Estimating remobilization of potentially toxic elements in soil and road dust of an industrialized urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:526. [PMID: 35739281 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is of paramount concern in urban settings, particularly those affected by industrial activities. Here, contaminated soils and road dusts of the medium-size, industrialized city of Volos, Central Greece, were subjected to single-step extractions (0.43 M HNO3 and 0.5 M HCl) and the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. This approach will allow for a better understanding of the geochemical phase partitioning of PTEs and associated risks in urban environmental matrices. Based on single extraction procedures, Pb and Zn exhibited the highest remobilization potential. Of the non-residual phases, the reducible was the most important for Pb, and the oxidizable for Cu and Zn in both media. On the other hand, mobility of Ni, Cr, and Fe was low, as inferred by their dominance into the residual fraction. Interestingly, we found a significant increase of the residual fraction in the road dust samples compared to soils. Carbonate content and organic matter controlled the extractabilities of PTEs in the soil samples. By contrast, for the road dust, magnetic susceptibility exerted the main control on the geochemical partitioning of PTEs. We suggest that anthropogenic particles emitted by heavy industries reside in the residual fraction of the SEP, raising concerns about the assessment of this fraction in terms of origin of PTEs and potential environmental risks. Conclusively, the application of sequential extraction procedures should be complemented with source identification of PTEs with the aim to better estimate the remobilization of PHEs in soil and road dust influenced by industrial emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Botsou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Sungur
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Efstratios Kelepertzis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece.
| | - Zacharenia Kypritidou
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Ourania Daferera
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Massas
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Skordas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Itagaki R, Takizawa SY, Chang HC, Nakada A. Light-induced electron transfer/phase migration of a redox mediator for photocatalytic C-C coupling in a biphasic solution. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9467-9476. [PMID: 35678270 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic molecular conversions that lead to value-added chemicals are of considerable interest. To achieve highly efficient photocatalytic reactions, it is equally important as it is challenging to construct systems that enable effective charge separation. Here, we demonstrate that the rational construction of a biphasic solution system with a ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc+/Fc) redox couple enables efficient photocatalysis by spatial charge separation using the liquid-liquid interface. In a single-phase system, exposure of a 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) solution containing a Ru(II)- or Ir(III)-based photosensitizer, Fc, and benzyl bromide (Bn-Br) to visible-light irradiation failed to generate any product. However, the photolysis in a H2O/DCE biphasic solution, where the compounds are initially distributed in the DCE phase, facilitated the reductive coupling of Bn-Br to dibenzyl (Bn2) using Fc as an electron donor. The key result of this study is that Fc+, generated by photooxidation of Fc in the DCE phase, migrates to the aqueous phase due to the drastic change in its partition coefficient compared to that of Fc. This liquid-liquid phase migration of the mediator is essential for facilitating the reduction of Bn-Br in the DCE phase as it suppresses backward charge recombination. The co-existence of anions can further modify the driving force of phase migration of Fc+ depending on their hydrophilicity; the best photocatalytic activity was obtained with a turnover frequency of 79.5 h-1 and a quantum efficiency of 0.2% for the formation of Bn2 by adding NBu4+Br- to the biphasic solution. This study showcases a potential approach for rectifying electron transfer with suppressed charge recombination to achieve efficient photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Itagaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ho-Chol Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Nakada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan. .,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Wu Y, Yang H, Wang M, Sun L, Xu Y, Sun G, Huang Q, Liang X. Immobilization of soil Cd by sulfhydryl grafted palygorskite in wheat-rice rotation mode: A field-scale investigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154156. [PMID: 35231515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The safe utilization of heavy metal contaminated farmland has attracted extensive attention of the whole society, and there is an urgent need to develop novel high-efficiency amendments. To clarify the actual remediation effect and potential for large-scale application of sulfhydryl grafted palygorskite (SGP) in Cd polluted soil in wheat-rice rotation mode, a field-scale experiment was conducted. SGP at the dosages of 0.5 g/kg-2.0 g/kg could reduce gain Cd contents by 27.15-59.05% and 16.16-79.47% for wheat and rice, respectively. The maximal decreases of soil available Cd figured out by DTPA extraction in wheat and rice season were 58.18% and 33.67%, respectively. The immobilization ratio for Cd was much more than that of trace elements, including Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, Ni. SGP showed an effective immobilization rate for soil Cd under the interference of many elements in the soil, pointing to the targeting and selectivity of its high-efficiency immobilization. It had no lifting effect on soil pH but decreased zeta potentials of soil particles. The sorption of Cd2+ on SGP amended soil could be fitted by the second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, and the changes of thermodynamic parameters showed SGP strengthened the fixation. SGP made the biological accumulation coefficient and transfer factor of rice grain drop dramatically but had no noticeable effect on these parameters of winter wheat, indicating different botanical responses. SGP as a novel immobilization amendment may provide an efficient and sustainable solution for the remediation of contaminated soil in wheat-rice rotation mode in field-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MARA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China; School of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China
| | - Huimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MARA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MARA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Lu Sun
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MARA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Guohong Sun
- School of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MARA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MARA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
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Meng Z, Huang S, Lin Z, Mu W, Ge H, Huang D. Cadmium long-term immobilization by biochar and potential risks in soils with different pH under combined aging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154018. [PMID: 35192823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cd long-term immobilization by biochar and potential risk in soils with different pH were quantified under a combined artificial aging, which simulated five years of aging in the field based on local climate. Two biochars (original and KMnO4-modified) and five soils with different pH were tested, and an improved three-layer mesh method was employed in this study. Five aging cycles were carried out (Cycle 1-Cycle 5), and each aging cycle quantitatively simulated 1 year of natural aging. As the aging time increased, Cd leaching loss in all soils gradually increased from Cycle 1 to Cycle 5; for relatively stable Cd fraction, it decreased firstly and then stabilized in acidic and neutral soils (S1-S4), while it decreased firstly and then increased in alkaline soil (S5). Biochars significantly promoted Cd immobilization in strongly acidic soil (S1) by increasing relatively stable fractions and decreasing leaching loss. For weakly acidic and neutral soils (S2-S4), although biochars still had positive effects, the immobilization effects were weakened to certain extents compared with S1. The percentage of Cd leaching loss decreased by 19.12% in strongly acidic soil (S1) and by 1.12-11.35% in weakly acidic and neutral soils (S2-S4) after modified biochar treatment. For alkaline soil (S5), the application of biochars had negative effects on Cd immobilization by decreasing relatively stable fractions and increasing leaching loss, and posed risks to the environment. For strongly acidic soil (S1) and weakly acidic and neutral soils (S2-S4), the percentages of relatively stable fractions increased from 6.09-19.93% to 24.98-36.70% after modified biochar treatment. However, for alkaline soil, the percentage of relatively stable fractions decreased from 55.27% to 53.93% after biochar treatment. The more acidic the soil, the more effective the Cd immobilization by biochar. Biochars with high pH level are not suitable for the remediation of alkaline Cd contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Zhongbing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Wenting Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Haimeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Daoyou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China
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Parrone D, Ghergo S, Preziosi E, Casentini B. Water-Rock Interaction Processes: A Local Scale Study on Arsenic Sources and Release Mechanisms from a Volcanic Rock Matrix. TOXICS 2022; 10:288. [PMID: 35736897 PMCID: PMC9230518 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potentially toxic element (PTE) that is widely present in groundwater, with concentrations often exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline value (10.0 μg/L), entailing a prominent risk to human health due to long-term exposure. We investigated its origin in groundwater in a study area located north of Rome (Italy) in a volcanic-sedimentary aquifer. Some possible mineralogical sources and main mechanisms governing As mobilization from a representative volcanic tuff have been investigated via laboratory experiments, such as selective sequential extraction and dissolution tests mimicking different release conditions. Arsenic in groundwater ranges from 0.2 to 50.6 μg/L. It does not exhibit a defined spatial distribution, and it shows positive correlations with other PTEs typical of a volcanic environment, such as F, U, and V. Various potential As-bearing phases, such as zeolites, iron oxyhydroxides, calcite, and pyrite are present in the tuff samples. Arsenic in the rocks shows concentrations in the range of 17-41 mg/kg and is mostly associated with a minor fraction of the rock constituted by FeOOH, in particular, low crystalline, containing up to 70% of total As. Secondary fractions include specifically adsorbed As, As-coprecipitated or bound to calcite and linked to sulfides. Results show that As in groundwater mainly originates from water-rock interaction processes. The release of As into groundwater most likely occurs through desorption phenomena in the presence of specific exchangers and, although locally, via the reductive dissolution of Fe oxy-hydroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parrone
- Water Research Institute—National Research Council, IRSA-CNR, Via Salaria km 29.300, PB 10, 00015 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (E.P.); (B.C.)
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Heavy Metal, Waste, COVID-19, and Rapid Industrialization in This Modern Era—Fit for Sustainable Future. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination, waste, and COVID-19 are hazardous to all living things in the environment. This review examined the effects of heavy metals, waste, and COVID-19 on the ecosystem. Scientists and researchers are currently working on ways to extract valuable metals from waste and wastewater. We prefer Tessier sequential extraction for future use for heavy metal pollution in soil. Results indicated that population growth is another source of pollution in the environment. Heavy metal pollution wreaks havoc on soil and groundwater, especially in China. COVID-19 has pros and cons. The COVID-19 epidemic has reduced air pollution in China and caused a significant reduction in CO2 releases globally due to the lockdown but has a harmful effect on human health and the economy. Moreover, COVID-19 brings a huge amount of biomedical waste. COVID-19’s biomedical waste appears to be causing different health issues. On the other hand, it was discovered that recycling has become a new source of pollution in south China. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination is the most severe ecological effect. Likewise, every problem has a remedy to create new waste management and pollution monitoring policy. The construction of a modern recycling refinery is an important aspect of national waste disposal.
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Vodyanitskii Y, Minkina T, Bauer T. Methods to determine the affinity of heavy metals for the chemically extracted carrier phases in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1387-1398. [PMID: 33945057 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new index is proposed to determine the affinity of heavy metals (HM) to their carrier phases (AHM-fraction), which, in contrast to the traditional index CHM = 100 CHM-fraction/CHM-soil, considers the sum of all metals in the fraction as a share of the bulk content of all HM in the soil. The metal has affinity for the given phase if AHM-fraction > 1; vice versa, the affinity is absent if AHM-fraction < 1. Comparison of the affinity series of metals for a certain phase based on two indices revealed their discrepancy in most cases. The new index can take into consideration the discrepancy in affinity of the given metal for phases extracted by different strength reagents. The effect of the new indicator was tested on several contaminated soils: Haplic Chernozem, Stagnic Phaeozems, and Calcaric Fluvic Arenosol, as well as on two Spolic Technosols. Compared with the index CHM, the results of the new analysis of contaminated soils with the ATM fraction demonstrated that the Zn content in Calcaric Fluvic Arenosol is decreased considerably due to its low buffer capacity. Since the content of organic matter in Calcaric Fluvic Arenosol is insignificant, only organophile elements, such as Cu and Pb, can make up complexes with organic ligands, in contrast to the fixation of Ni and Mn by organic matter in Chernozems. Due to the low buffering capacity of Calcaric Fluvic Arenosol, the mobile forms of Cd and Zn increased, and these forms of Cr decreased. Therefore, the low buffering soil cannot fix Cd and Zn. Increase in contamination in Spolic Technosols (approximate permissible concentration, APC > 5) as compared to the index CHM, the value of the AHM-fraction of metals in the residue (except for cadmium) increased. In addition, the share of Pb and Cu increases in the organic matter. Thus, the use of a new indicator-the affinity of heavy metals to the carrier phases showed their advantage over the traditional index CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Vodyanitskii
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 prosp. Stachki ave, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Tatiana Bauer
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 prosp. Stachki ave, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090.
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344006.
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Famuyiwa AO, Davidson CM, Ande S, Oyeyiola AO. Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban Soils from Public-Access Areas in the Rapidly Growing Megacity of Lagos, Nigeria. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040154. [PMID: 35448415 PMCID: PMC9025973 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization can lead to significant environmental contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This is of concern because PTEs are accumulative, persistent, and can have detrimental effects on human health. Urban soil samples were obtained from parks, ornamental gardens, roadsides, railway terminals and locations close to industrial estates and dumpsites within the Lagos metropolis. Chromium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following sample digestion with aqua regia and application of the BCR sequential extraction procedure. A wide range of analyte concentrations was found—Cr, 19−1830 mg/kg; Cu, 8−11,700 mg/kg; Fe, 7460−166,000 mg/kg; Mn, 135−6100 mg/kg; Ni, 4−1050 mg/kg; Pb, 10−4340 mg/kg; and Zn, 61−5620 mg/kg—with high levels in areas close to industrial plants and dumpsites. The proportions of analytes released in the first three steps of the sequential extraction were Fe (16%) < Cr (30%) < Ni (46%) < Mn (63%) < Cu (78%) < Zn (80%) < Pb (84%), indicating that there is considerable scope for PTE (re)mobilization. Human health risk assessment indicated non-carcinogenic risk for children and carcinogenic risk for both children and adults. Further monitoring of PTE in the Lagos urban environment is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O. Famuyiwa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK; (A.O.F.); (S.A.)
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Christine M. Davidson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK; (A.O.F.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)141-548-2134
| | - Sesugh Ande
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK; (A.O.F.); (S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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Kelvin M, Verpaele S, Leybourne M, Layton-Matthews D, Vermeir P. Comparison of quantitative mineralogy and sequential leaching for characterization of Ni in workplace dust collected at a stainless steel operation. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2021; 18:555-569. [PMID: 34586037 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1985726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on epidemiological records of workers at Ni operations, regulatory guidelines commonly target specific Ni compounds for setting exposure limits. Thus, reliable methods of Ni speciation in airborne dust samples are required for effective monitoring of workplace exposure. Zatka sequential leaching has been routinely performed industry-wide since the 1990s for characterization of Ni in dust samples; however, limitations related to leaching kinetics have been identified, and optimization of the methodology is required to improve accuracy of data. In this study, Ni characterization of dust collected from a stainless steel operation was performed using Zatka sequential leaching (original and modified protocols) and quantitative mineralogy (QEMSCAN), a method novel to the field of industrial hygiene. Mineral analysis was also performed on bulk material collected from selected work areas at the plant. The results are compared with the objective of identifying opportunities to optimize the methods for characterizing dust that is unique to stainless steel manufacturing. The quantitative mineralogical analysis determined that the Ni dust is composed of oxidic Ni (chromite and trevorite, >80% of the Ni in most samples) and metallic Ni (Ni-Fe alloy), and the results were validated against chemical assays and alternate methods of mineral characterization. In contrast, the original Zatka method erroneously identified soluble Ni as a major Ni contributor, whereas the modified Zatka method identified sulfidic Ni. The mineralogy identified Ni-barren dust and grain sizes and liberation of individual Ni compounds as potential factors that can affect leaching selectivity. Clearly, for any sequential leaching method to be useful for these workplaces, they should be optimized by including reference materials that are representative of Ni substances present at stainless steel operations (chromite, trevorite, and Ni-Fe alloy). Improving methods of sequential leaching is important because the resolution of quantitative mineralogical techniques diminishes at <3 μm (respirable dust fraction). We recommend that quantitative mineralogy be performed in parallel with methods of sequential leaching to provide a robust system of characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kelvin
- XPS Glencore, Falconbridge, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Verpaele
- Health & Environment Public Policy, Nickel Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew Leybourne
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Layton-Matthews
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Damikouka I, Katsiri A. Natural attenuation in marine sediments: investigation of the effect of chloride concentration on the mobility of metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59180-59189. [PMID: 32601868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metals can be mobilized from contaminated sediments under variable environmental conditions. This paper discusses the effects of specific ions of the water column in conjunction with natural attenuation processes on the leaching of metals from marine sediments. In particular, the effect of the salinity and the presence of ions in the seawater, especially the chlorides of the water column, in leaching of metals was examined. Sediment samples were collected from sampling stations in the inner port of Piraeus, Greece. Due to the fact that natural attenuation is a slow procedure which consists of natural, chemical, and biological processes and is influenced by many factors, it was approached with experiments taking place under quite aggressive conditions. Sequential leaching tests in cycles of seven repetitions were performed. The results of these experiments showed that leaching of metals from contaminated sediments to the water column was influenced by the concentration of dissolved constituents. Initially leaching was significant with maximum concentration of leachable copper (Cu) 0.25 mg/kg, lead (Pb) 0.0048 mg/kg, and zinc (Zn) 0.28 mg/kg, and then fell in the last repetitions. The leaching of Cu and Zn from contaminated sediments to the water column was positively correlated to the concentration of chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Damikouka
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 115 21, Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Katsiri
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou, 157 80, Athens, Greece
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Szara-Bąk M, Baran A, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Tkaczewska J, Wojtasik B. Mobility, ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and sources of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4701-4718. [PMID: 33969453 PMCID: PMC8528782 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use of geochemical, chemical, ecotoxicological and biological indicators for a comprehensive assessment of ecological risks related to the mobility, ecotoxicity and bioavailability of trace elements in the bottom sediment of the Rożnów reservoir. The study found three elements deserving attention in the sediments: cadmium, nickel and chromium. Cadmium proved to be the most mobile and bioavailable, although the total cadmium content and geochemical indicators did not reveal any risk to organisms. Geochemical indicators showed that the sediments are contaminated with nickel and chromium, but both elements had a low bioaccumulation factor. Fractional analysis also revealed relatively low mobility of Cr and Ni and a higher potential risk of bioavailability for nickel. Most of the tested sediment samples had low toxicity in relation to the tested organisms. For H. incongruens, 11% of the samples were non-toxic, 50% of the samples had low toxicity, and 39% of the samples were toxic. For A. fischeri, no toxicity was found in 7% of the samples, low toxicity in 76% of the samples and toxicity in 17% of the sediment samples. The As, Cd, Cu content in the F1 fraction correlated significantly positively with the content of these metals in mussel tissues. Both biotesting and chemical analysis can reveal a potential risk to aquatic organisms. For a real assessment of the ecological risks associated with trace elements, it is necessary to use bioindicators taken from the environment and exposed to trace elements in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szara-Bąk
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Joanna Tkaczewska
- Department of Animal Product Processing, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Wojtasik
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Bracher C, Frossard E, Bigalke M, Imseng M, Mayer J, Wiggenhauser M. Tracing the fate of phosphorus fertilizer derived cadmium in soil-fertilizer-wheat systems using enriched stable isotope labeling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117314. [PMID: 34004476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Applying mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers introduces a considerable input of the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) into arable soils. This study investigates the fate of P fertilizer derived Cd (Cddff) in soil-wheat systems using a novel combination of enriched stable Cd isotope mass balances, sequential extractions, and Bayesian isotope mixing models. We applied an enriched 111Cd labeled mineral P fertilizer to arable soils from two long-term field trials with distinct soil properties (a strongly acidic pH and a neutral pH) and distinct past mineral P fertilizer application rates. We then cultivated wheat in a pot trial on these two soils. In the neutral soil, Cd concentrations in the soil and the wheat increased with increasing past mineral P fertilizer application rates. This was not the case in the strongly acidic soil. Less than 2.3% of freshly applied Cddff was taken up by the whole wheat plant. Most of the Cddff remained in the soil and was predominantly (>95% of freshly applied Cddff) partitioned into the easily mobilizable acetic acid soluble fraction (F1) and the potentially mobile reducible fraction (F2). Soil pH was the determining factor for the partitioning of Cddff into F1, as revealed through a recovery of about 40% of freshly applied Cddff in F1 in the neutral pH soil compared with about 60% in the strongly acidic soil. Isotope mixing models showed that F1 was the predominant source of Cd for wheat on both soils and that it contributed to over 80% of the Cd that was taken up by wheat. By tracing the fate of Cddff in entire soil-plant systems using different isotope source tracing approaches, we show that the majority of Cddff remains mobilizable and is potentially plant available in the subsequent crop cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bracher
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bigalke
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Imseng
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Mayer
- Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wiggenhauser
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland.
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Xu J, Bland GD, Gu Y, Ziaei H, Xiao X, Deonarine A, Reible D, Bireta P, Hoelen TP, Lowry GV. Impacts of Sediment Particle Grain Size and Mercury Speciation on Mercury Bioavailability Potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12393-12402. [PMID: 34505768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particle-specific properties, including size and chemical speciation, affect the reactivity of mercury (Hg) in natural systems (e.g., dissolution or methylation). Here, terrestrial, river, and marine sediments were size-fractionated and characterized to correlate particle-specific properties of Hg-bearing solids with their bioavailability potential and measured biomethylation. Marine sediments contained ∼20-50% of the total Hg in the <0.5 μm size fraction, compared to only 0.5 and 3.0% in this size fraction for terrestrial and river sediments, respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis indicated that metacinnabar (β-HgS) was the main mercury species in a marine sediment, whereas organic Hg-thiol (Hg(SR)2) was the main mercury species in a terrestrial sediment. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the marine sediment suggests that half of the Hg in the <0.5 μm size fraction existed as individual nanoparticles, which were β-HgS based on XAS analyses. Glutathione-extractable mercury was higher for samples containing Hg(SR)2 species than β-HgS species and correlated well with the amount of Hg biomethylation. This particle-scale understanding of how Hg speciation and particle size affect mercury bioavailability potential helps explain the heterogeneity in Hg methylation in natural sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Garret D Bland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hasti Ziaei
- Department of Civil, Environmental, & Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amrika Deonarine
- Department of Civil, Environmental, & Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil, Environmental, & Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Paul Bireta
- Chevron Technical Center (a Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Division), San Ramon, California 94583, United States
| | - Thomas P Hoelen
- Chevron Technical Center (a Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Division), San Ramon, California 94583, United States
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Integrated Assessment of Affinity to Chemical Fractions and Environmental Pollution with Heavy Metals: A New Approach Based on Sequential Extraction Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168458. [PMID: 34444207 PMCID: PMC8391145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the affinity degree of heavy metals (HMs) to geochemical phases, many indices with several limitations are used. Thus, this study aims to develop a new complex index for assessing contamination level and affinity to chemical fractions in various solid environmental media. For this, a new integrated approach using the chemical affinity index (CAF) is proposed. Comparison of CAF with %F on the literature examples on fractionation of HMs from soils, bottom sediments, atmospheric PM10, and various particle size fractions of road dust proved a less significant role of the residual HMs fraction and a greater contribution of the rest of the chemical fractions in the pollution of all studied environments. This fact is due to the normalization relative to the global geochemical reference standard, calculations of contribution of an individual element to the total pollution by all studied HMs, and contribution of the particular chemical fraction to the total HMs content taken into account in CAF. The CAF index also shows a more significant role in pollution and chemical affinity of mobile and potentially mobile forms of HMs. The strong point of CAF is the stability of the obtained HM series according to the degree of chemical affinity and contamination. Future empirical studies are necessary for the more precise assessment of CAF taking into account the spatial distribution of HMs content, geographic conditions, geochemical factors, the intensity of anthropogenic impact, environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, precipitation, pH value, the content of organic matter, electrical conductivity, particle size distribution, etc.). The combined use of CAF along with other indices allows a more detailed assessment of the strength of HMs binding to chemical phases, which is crucial for understanding the HMs’ fate in the environment.
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Song H, Chung H, Nam K. Effect of monovalent and divalent ion solutions as washing agents on the removal of Sr and Cs from soil near a nuclear power plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125165. [PMID: 33540261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solutions of monovalent and divalent ions, including calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and potassium, were tested in the removal of Sr and Cs from soil near a nuclear power plant. The Ca2+ and K+ solutions exhibited removal efficiencies of 68.2% and 81.3% for Sr and Cs, respectively. This high performance was probably due to the physicochemical similarities between 'Ca and Sr' and 'K and Cs'. Alternatively, the Mg2+ and NH4+ solutions performed much worse, despite having the same valences as Ca2+ and K+, respectively. Ca2+ and K+ solutions could also simultaneously remove cationic toxic metals present with the nuclides, albeit much less efficiently (30-40%). For anionic metalloid As and anionic toxic metal Cr, the efficiency was even lower (< 20%). The five-step sequential extraction experiment confirmed that all chemical forms of Sr and Cs, except the residual form, were extensively removed by the Ca2+ and K+ solutions, respectively. For comparison, widely used washing agents exhibited removal efficiencies of 25-30%. Notably, Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions were hardly detected in the Ca2+ solution, while their concentrations were much higher in the common washing agents, suggesting the involvement of an ion-exchange mechanism in Sr and Cs removal, rather than a Fe/Mn oxide dissolution mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojae Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeonyong Chung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoungphile Nam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Phiri C, Shimazui D, Otake T, Kikuchi R, Chintu I, Chirwa M, Kalaba L, Nyambe I, Sato T. Geochemical behaviour of heavy metals in sludge effluents and solid deposits on the Zambian Copperbelt: Implication for effluent treatment and sludge reuse. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144342. [PMID: 33477054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sludge effluents and solid deposits generated from the conventional lime treatment processes on the Zambian Copperbelt have led to reports of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) contamination into the nearby water bodies. To better understand the behaviour of the metals; partitioning, adsorption and their specific binding forms were studied through sequential extraction, batch adsorption experiments and surface complexation modeling (SCM). Results of mineral composition analyses indicated that micas, kaolinite, quartz and feldspar are abundant with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) precipitates that formed as a result of the weathering of biotite grains existing as grain surface coating. Sequential extractionrevealed that Cu and Co metals are partitioned in the order of: exchangeable (F1: 600-1500 mg/kg Cu; 100-200 mg/kg Co), acid-soluble (F2: 2200-5500 mg/kg Cu; 190-220 mg/kg Co) and reducible fraction (F3: 2200-5500 mg/kg Cu; 260-300 mg/kg Co). Metals in F1 are hosted by kaolinite, F2 by both kaolinite and HFO whereas in F3 by dominantly HFO. Equal Cu concentration between F2 and F3 is due to both the limited amount of HFO (i.e. 5-10 g/kg) and desorption of loosely adsorbed Cu and Co metals to HFO surfaces. Batch adsorption experiments revealed adsorption as the dominant metal retention mechanism. According to modeling predictions, HFO sites are the dominant metal adsorption sites. At HFO site; >(s)FeOCo+, Co showed adsorption decrease from 40% in single system to 25% in binary system between pH 7 - 7.5 due to metal competition for adsorption sites. The high Cu concentration (i.e. 0.5-1.1% Cu) displaced low Co (i.e. 0.03-0.07% Co) concentration from the adsorption sites present in sludge, thus rendering Co mobile into the environment. To keep the adsorbed metals stable from release, optimal pH of 7.5 is suggested during treatment with lime. At this optimal pH, metals are decreased to below the regulation standard values and with less generation of voluminous sludge. Adsorbed Cu and Co can be recoverable from sludge through acid treatment at pH <3 based on sequential extraction results. The resultant metal-free sludge material has potential of been used as aggregate in construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cryton Phiri
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; University of Zambia, School of Mines, Geology Department, BOX, 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Daiki Shimazui
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Otake
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Isaac Chintu
- Konkola Copper Mines (KCM), Plc, Safety, Health Environment and Quality Department, P.O Box 2000, Chingola, Zambia
| | - Meki Chirwa
- University of Zambia, School of Mines, Geology Department, BOX, 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lawrence Kalaba
- Zambia Ministry of Mines, Geological Survey Department, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- University of Zambia, School of Mines, Geology Department, BOX, 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Preparation of environmental samples for chemical speciation of metal/metalloids: A review of extraction techniques. Talanta 2021; 226:122119. [PMID: 33676674 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical speciation is a relevant topic in environmental chemistry since the (eco)toxicity, bio (geo)chemical cycles, and mobility of a given element depend on its chemical forms (oxidation state, organic ligands, etc.). Maintaining the chemical stability of the species and avoiding equilibrium disruptions during the sample treatment is one of the biggest challenges in chemical speciation, especially in environmental matrices where the level of concomitants/interferents is normally high. To achieve this task, strategies based on chemical properties of the species can be carried out and pre-concentration techniques are often needed due to the low concentration ranges of many species (μg L-1 - ng L-1). Due to the significance of the topic and the lack of reviews dealing with sample preparation of metal (loid)s (usually, sample preparation reviews focus on the total metal content), this work is presented. This review gives an up-to-date overview of the most common sample preparation techniques for environmental samples (water, soil, and sediments), with a focus on speciation of metal/metalloids and determination by spectrometric techniques. Description of the methods is given, and the most recent applications (last 10 years) are presented.
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Liang X, Sun Y, Huang Q, Qin X, Zhao L. Effects of mercapto-palygorskite on Cd distribution in soil aggregates and Cd accumulation by wheat in Cd contaminated alkaline soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129590. [PMID: 33460894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in alkaline soils is a serious issue in China. As the basic structural units of soil, soil aggregates play an important role in the migration and transformation of heavy metal. However, there are few studies on the effects of adding amendments on Cd distribution in soil aggregates in alkaline soils. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to assess the effects of mercapto-palygorskite (MPAL) on soil aggregates and Cd accumulation in wheat. The results showed that MPAL application had no effect on wheat yield but significantly reduced the Cd uptake by the roots and the Cd transport to the adjacent internode. Application of 0.1% MPAL reduced the Cd concentration in two wheat grains (0.57 and 0.44 mg/kg, control) to 0.10 and 0.09 mg/kg in moderately Cd-contaminated soil, which are below the China national standard limit of 0.1 mg/kg (GB 2762-2017). MPAL application had no effect on soil pH, cation exchange capacity, mass proportion and mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, but increased soil organic matter content. Importantly, MPAL application promoted the migration of Cd from large particles (>0.25 mm) to small particles (<0.048 mm), reduced the unstable Cd fractions in >0.25 mm soil particles of clay soil and in >0.075 mm soil particles of sandy soil, and increased the stable Cd fractions in bulk soils and soil aggregates. The effects of MPAL addition on soil aggregates (grain size fraction metals loading and accumulation factor) of sandy soil were more prominent than on those of clay soil. Under MPAL treatments, wheat grains Cd concentration was significantly positively correlated with the available Cd in >0.075 mm soil particles and the total Cd in >0.25 mm soil particles. These results indicated that MPAL application in alkaline soils promoted the migration of Cd to micro-aggregates and inhibited the uptake and transport of Cd by wheat roots, thus reducing the Cd concentration in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Wang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Qin
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
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Zubair M, Adnan Ramzani PM, Rasool B, Khan MA, Ur-Rahman M, Akhtar I, Turan V, Tauqeer HM, Farhad M, Khan SA, Iqbal J, Iqbal M. Efficacy of chitosan-coated textile waste biochar applied to Cd-polluted soil for reducing Cd mobility in soil and its distribution in moringa (Moringa oleifera L.). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112047. [PMID: 33571851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution with Cd has promoted serious concerns for medicinal plant quality. Amending Cd-polluted soils with textile waste biochar (TWB) coated with natural polymers can lower Cd bioavailability in them and reduce associated environmental and human health risks. In this study, we explored the impacts of solely applied TWB, chitosan (CH), their mix (TWB + CH) and TWB coated with CH (TBC) in Cd-polluted soil on Cd distribution in moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) shoots and roots as well as plant-available Cd in soil. Moreover, amendments effects on plant growth, dietary quality, and antioxidative defense responses were also assessed. Results revealed that the addition of TWB, CH, and TWB + CH in Cd-polluted soil reduced Cd distribution in shoots (56%, 66%, and 63%), roots (41%, 48%, and 45%), and plant-available Cd in soil (38%, 52%, and 49%), compared to control. Interestingly, the TBC showed significantly the topmost response for reducing Cd concentrations in shoots, roots, and soil by 73%, 54%, and 58%, respectively, relative to control. Moreover, amending Cd-polluted soil with TWB, CH, and TWB + CH depicted significantly better effects on plant growth, dietary quality, and activities of soil enzymes but the topmost response was observed with TBC treatment. Compared with control, TBC improved plant growth parameters: shoot length (81%), root length (90%), shoot fresh weight (60%), root fresh weight (76%), shoot dry weight (75%), root dry weight (68%) contents of chlorophyll-a (42%) and chlorophyll-b (74%), and soil enzyme activities: urease (130%), catalase (138%), protease (71%), cellobiohydrolase (45%), acid phosphatase (34%), peroxidase (60%), β-glucosidase (152%), chitinase (62%), and phosphomonoesterase (139%). Furthermore, TBC treatment arrested Cd-induced oxidative stress via escalating the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as improved moringa dietary parameters (protein, tannins, lipids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tocopherols contents). Such findings suggest that the TBC has an immense perspective to remediate Cd-polluted soils and prevent human health risks associated with Cd exposure through the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Rasool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asaf Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ur-Rahman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Akhtar
- Entomology Section, Regional Agricultural Research Institute Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Veysel Turan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Tauqeer
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muniba Farhad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ali Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 69588, USA
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Rzhevskaia AV, Romanchuk AY, Vlasova IE, Semenkova AS, Trigub AL, Svetogorov RD, Yapaskurt VO, Paretskov EN, Kalmykov SN. Partitioning of uranium in contaminated bottom sediments: The meaning of fractionation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 229-230:106539. [PMID: 33493873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sequential extraction tests were used to study partitioning of U in the bottom sediments of two reservoirs that have been used for the temporary storage of nuclear waste at the "Mining and Chemical Combine" (Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk region, Russia). Various sequential extraction protocols were applied to the bottom sediment samples and the results compared with those obtained for laboratory-prepared simulated samples with different speciation and partitioning, e.g., U(VI) sorbed onto various inorganic minerals and organic matter, as well as uranium oxides. The distributions of uranium in fractions extracted from simulated and actual contaminated samples were compared to shed light on the speciation of U in the bottom sediments. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were also used to analyze the partitioning of U in contaminated sediments. We also compared the results obtained using the spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, as well as sequential extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Yu Romanchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Irina E Vlasova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna S Semenkova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Evgeny N Paretskov
- FSUE "Mining and Chemical Combine", Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia
| | - Stepan N Kalmykov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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50
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Hoffman MK, Spitz HB. Geochemical fractionation of radiocesium in coral atoll soil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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