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Guo C, Li L, Liu Z, Li Y, Lu X. A practical approach for extracting the photosystem II (PSII) contribution to near-infrared solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175203. [PMID: 39127216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a good potential for using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to estimate photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. SIF can be emitted by both Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII), but it is the SIF signals from PSII which are related to photosynthetic carbon fixation. However, since top-of-canopy SIF observations (SIFTOC) always contain contributions from both photosystems, to mechanistically estimate gross primary productivity (GPP) from SIF, it is essential to extract PSII SIF from SIFTOC. Based on the differences in the relative contribution of PSII across different wavelengths, we propose a practical approach for extracting PSII contribution to SIFTOC at the near-infrared (NIR) band (fPSII_760) using measurements of SIFTOC in the red and NIR spectral regions. A leaf-scale concurrent instrument was developed to assess the response of fPSII_760 under varying environments. For winter-wheat leaves, as light intensity increased from 0 to 400 μmol m-2 s-1, fPSII_760 rose from 0.6 to 0.8; with further increase in light intensity to 1800 μmol m-2 s-1, fPSII_760 consistently decreased to 0.65. There was a slight decreasing trend in fPSII_760 with rising temperatures, with values dropping from 0.65 at 15 °C to 0.61 at 40 °C. We found that variations in fPSII_760 are due to changes in the fluorescence yield of PSII, with the two having a positively proportional relationship. We also estimated canopy-scale fPSII_760 for a winter-wheat study site: fPSII_760 varied from 0.61 to 0.83, with a mean value of 0.78 during the peak growing season. A comparison with eddy covariance-derived GPP reveals that GPP estimated with dynamic fPSII_760 was more accurate than that calculated using fixed fPSII_760, with R2 increasing from 0.6 to 0.84. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the link between SIF and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, paving the way for more effective use of SIF to estimate GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Linke Li
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhunqiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Navickaite A, Pupkis V, Kalnaityte-Vengeliene A, Lapeikaite I, Kisnieriene V, Bagdonas S. Combining Nitellopsis obtusaautofluorescence intensity and F680/F750 ratio to discriminate responses to environmental stressors. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2024; 12:045003. [PMID: 39111331 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad6ca2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Detection of autofluorescence parameters is a useful approach to gain insight into the physiological state of plants and algae, but the effect of reabsorption hinders unambiguous interpretation ofin vivodata. The exceptional morphological features ofNitellopsis obtusamade it possible to measure autofluorescence spectra along single internodal cells and estimate relative changes in autofluorescence intensity in selected spectral regions at room temperatures, avoiding the problems associated with thick or optically dense samples. The response of algal cells to controlled white light and DCMU herbicide was analyzed by monitoring changes in peak FL intensity at 680 nm and in F680/F750 ratio. Determining the association between the selected spectral FL parameters revealed an exponential relationship, which provides a quantitative description of photoinduced changes. The ability to discern the effect of DCMU not only in the autofluorescence spectra of dark-adapted cells, but also in the case of light-adapted cells, and even after certain doses of excess light, suggests that the proposed autofluorescence analysis ofN. obtusamay be useful for detecting external stressors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausrine Navickaite
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilmantas Pupkis
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Kalnaityte-Vengeliene
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Lapeikaite
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Kisnieriene
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Anoua R, Touhtouh S, El Jouad M, Hajjaji A, Bakasse M, Sahraoui B, Płóciennik P, Zawadzka A. Experimental optical properties explained by density functional theory of the natural red algae for dye-sensitized solar cells application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33651-33662. [PMID: 38689042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the usage of a novel natural dye derived from red algae of Morocco in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for the first time. The main pigments responsible for sensitizing the semiconductor TiO2 coatings in the red algae were identified as phycoerythrin, carotenoid, and chlorophyll. The efficiency of a DSSC made from red algae was compared to that of a solar cell made from chlorophyll alone. The photovoltaic performance of the DSSC was evaluated through photocurrent density to photovoltage (J-V) characteristic analysis, and the efficiency was found to be 0.93%. To gain insights into its behavior, the absorbance and photoluminescence in a broad range were studied. Both absorbance and photoluminescence exhibited a broad-spectrum range. Additionally, electronic properties, such as HOMO, LUMO, energy gap, and chemical reactivity parameters, were studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Anoua
- Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences of El Jadida, 1166, El Jadida, BP, Morocco.
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
- Research, Development and Innovation Laboratory, Mundiapolis University, 20180, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Samira Touhtouh
- Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences of El Jadida, 1166, El Jadida, BP, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Jouad
- Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences of El Jadida, 1166, El Jadida, BP, Morocco
| | - Abdelowahed Hajjaji
- Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences of El Jadida, 1166, El Jadida, BP, Morocco
| | - Mina Bakasse
- Laboratory of Chemistry Organic, Bioorganic and Environment, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Bouchta Sahraoui
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Przemysław Płóciennik
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Zawadzka
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Automatic and Measurement Systems, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Park B, Wi S, Chung H, Lee H. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Environmental Stress Diagnosis in Crops. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1442. [PMID: 38474977 DOI: 10.3390/s24051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The field of plant phenotype is used to analyze the shape and physiological characteristics of crops in multiple dimensions. Imaging, using non-destructive optical characteristics of plants, analyzes growth characteristics through spectral data. Among these, fluorescence imaging technology is a method of evaluating the physiological characteristics of crops by inducing plant excitation using a specific light source. Through this, we investigate how fluorescence imaging responds sensitively to environmental stress in garlic and can provide important information on future stress management. In this study, near UV LED (405 nm) was used to induce the fluorescence phenomenon of garlic, and fluorescence images were obtained to classify and evaluate crops exposed to abiotic environmental stress. Physiological characteristics related to environmental stress were developed from fluorescence sample images using the Chlorophyll ratio method, and classification performance was evaluated by developing a classification model based on partial least squares discrimination analysis from the image spectrum for stress identification. The environmental stress classification performance identified from the Chlorophyll ratio was 14.9% in F673/F717, 25.6% in F685/F730, and 0.209% in F690/F735. The spectrum-developed PLS-DA showed classification accuracy of 39.6%, 56.2% and 70.7% in Smoothing, MSV, and SNV, respectively. Spectrum pretreatment-based PLS-DA showed higher discrimination performance than the existing image-based Chlorophyll ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjin Park
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Wi
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanjo Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsoo Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
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Khedr N, Elsayed KNM, Ibraheem IBM, Mohamed F. New insights into enhancement of bio-hydrogen production through encapsulated microalgae with alginate under visible light irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127270. [PMID: 37804894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The production of green hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels. The current study focuses on the design of microalgae as a catalyst in bioelectrochemical systems for the generation of biohydrogen. Furthermore, the abovementioned target could be achieved by optimizing different parameters, including strains of microalgae, different optical filters, and their shapes. Synechocystis sp. PAK13 (Ba9), Micractinium sp. YACCYB33 (R4), and Desmodesmus intermedius (Sh42) were used and designed as free cells and immobilized microalgae for evaluating their performance for hydrogen production. Alginate was applied for immobilization not only for protecting the immobilized microalgae from stress but also for inhibiting the agglomeration of microalgae and improving stability. The amount of studied immobilized microalgae was 0.01 g/5 ml algae-dissolved in 10 ml alginate gel at 28 °C, 12 h of light (light intensity 30.4 μmol m-2 s-1), and 12 h of darkness with continual aeration (air bump in every strain flask) at pH = 7.2 ± 0.2 in 0.05 %wuxal buffer which has 3.7 ionic strength. Different modalities, including FTIR, UV, and SEM, were performed for the description of selected microalgae. The surface morphology of Ba9 with alginate composite (immobilized Ba9) appeared as a stacked layer with high homogeneity, which facilitates hydrogen production from water. The conversion efficiencies of the immobilized microalgae were evaluated by incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE). Under optical filters, the optimum IPCE value was ∼ 7 % at 460 nm for immobilized Ba9. Also, its number of hydrogen moles was calculated to be 16.03 mmol h-1 cm-2 under optical filters. The electrochemical stability of immobilized Ba9 was evaluated through repetitive 100 cycles as a short-term stability test, and the curve of chrono-amperometry after 30 min in 0.05 %wuxal at a constant potential of 0.9 V for 30 min of all studied samples confirmed the high stability of all sample and the immobilized Ba9 has superior activity than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Khedr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt
| | - Khaled N M Elsayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ibraheem B M Ibraheem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; Materials Science Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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6
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Jin JH, Kim D. Protocol for diagnosing Erwinia amylovora infection using a fluorescent probe. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102412. [PMID: 37421612 PMCID: PMC10339246 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Current fire blight diagnosis techniques are DNA based and require specialized equipment and expertise, or they are less sensitive. Here, we present a protocol for diagnosing fire blight using the fluorescent probe, B-1. We describe steps for Erwinia amylovora culture, implementing a fire blight-infected model, and E. amylovora visualization. This protocol allows for detection of fire blight bacteria of up to 102 CFU/mL on plants or objects in just 10 s with a simple application including spraying and swabbing. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jung et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Pankin D, Povolotckaia A, Borisov E, Povolotskiy A, Borzenko S, Gulyaev A, Gerasimenko S, Dorochov A, Khamuev V, Moskovskiy M. Investigation of Spectroscopic Peculiarities of Ergot-Infected Winter Wheat Grains. Foods 2023; 12:3426. [PMID: 37761134 PMCID: PMC10528831 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat has played an important role in human agriculture since ancient times. Increasing rates of processed wheat product fabrication require more and more laboratory studies of product quality. This, in turn, requires the use, in production and in field conditions, of sufficiently accurate, fast and relatively low-cost quality control methods, including the detection of fungal diseases. One of the most widespread fungal diseases of wheat in the world is ergot caused by the fungi genus Claviceps. Optical methods are promising for this disease identification due to the relative ease of implementation and the possibility of performing fast analyses in large volumes. However, for application in practice, it is necessary to identify and substantiate characteristic spectral markers that make it possible to judge the sample contamination. In this regard, within the framework of this study, the methods of IR absorption spectroscopy in the MIR region and reflection spectroscopy in the UV-vis-NIR ranges, as well as luminescence spectroscopy, were used to study ergot-infected grains of winter wheat of the "Moskovskaya 56" cultivar. To justify the choice of the most specific spectral ranges, the methods of chemometric analysis with supervised classification, namely PCA-LDA and PCA-SVM, were applied. The possibility of separating infected grains according to the IR absorption, reflection spectra in the UV-vis-NIR ranges and visible luminescence spectra was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Pankin
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Anastasia Povolotckaia
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Eugene Borisov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Alexey Povolotskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey Borzenko
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Anatoly Gulyaev
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Stanislav Gerasimenko
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexey Dorochov
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Viktor Khamuev
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Maksim Moskovskiy
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
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Petry S, Tremblay JC, Götze JP. Impact of Structure, Coupling Scheme, and State of Interest on the Energy Transfer in CP29. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7207-7219. [PMID: 37581578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The Qy and Bx excitation energy transfer (EET) in the minor light-harvesting complex CP29 (LHCII B4.1) antenna complex of Pisum sativum was characterized using a computational approach. We applied Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the transition density cube (TDC) method to estimate the Coulombic coupling, based on a combination of classical molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Employing TDC instead of FRET mostly affects the EET between chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Crts), as expected due to the Crts being spatially more challenging for FRET. Only between Chls, effects are found to be small (about only 0.1 EET efficiency change when introducing TDC instead of FRET). Effects of structural sampling were found to be small, illustrated by a small average standard deviation for the Qy state coupling elements (FRET/TDC: 0.97/0.94 cm-1). Due to the higher flexibility of the Bx state, the corresponding deviations are larger (FRET/TDC between Chl-Chl pairs: 17.58/22.67 cm-1, between Crt-Chl pairs: 62.58/31.63 cm-1). In summary, it was found for the Q band that the coupling between Chls varies only slightly depending on FRET or TDC, resulting in a minute effect on EET acceptor preference. In contrast, the coupling in the B band spectral region is found to be more affected. Here, the S2 (1Bu) states of the spatially challenging Crts may act as acceptors in addition to the B states of the Chls. Depending on FRET or TDC, several Chls show different Chl-to-Crt couplings. Interestingly, the EET between Chls or Crts in the B band is found to often outcompete the corresponding decay processes. The individual efficiencies for B band EET to Crts vary however strongly with the chosen coupling scheme (e.g., up to 0.29/0.99 FRET/TDC efficiency for the Chl a604/neoxanthin pair). Thus, the choice of the coupling scheme must involve a consideration of the state of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Petry
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J C Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - J P Götze
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Adkins JF, Kaur A, Alom MS, Chandran H, Ramezanipour F, Wilson AJ. Directing the size and dispersity of silver nanoparticles with kudzu leaf extracts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25360-25368. [PMID: 37622008 PMCID: PMC10445525 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kudzu is an abundant and invasive species in the Southeastern United States. The prospective use of kudzu as a non-toxic, green and biocompatible reducing and stabilizing agent for one-pot Ag nanoparticle synthesis was investigated. Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous and ethanolic kudzu leaf and stem extracts. The size and dispersity of the synthesized nanoparticles were found to depend on the extract used. Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies were used to characterize the extracts. Surface-enhanced fluorescence and Raman scattering were used to characterize the surface species on synthesized Ag nanoparticles. The primary reducing and stabilizing agents in aqueous kudzu leaf extracts were determined to be reducing sugars and saponins which result in Ag nanoparticles with average diameters of 21.2 ± 4.8 nm. Ethanolic kudzu leaf extract was determined to be composed of chlorophyll, reducing sugars and saponins, producing Ag nanoparticles with average diameters of 9.0 ± 1.6 nm. Control experiments using a chlorophyllin standard as the reducing and stabilizing agent reveal that chlorophyll has a key role in the formation of small and monodisperse Ag nanoparticles. Experiments carried out in the absence of light demonstrate that reducing sugars and saponins also contribute to the formation of Ag nanoparticles in ethanolic kudzu leaf extracts. We propose a mechanism by which reducing sugars donate electrons to reduce Ag+ leading to the formation of Ag nanoparticles, forming carboxylic acid sugars which stabilize and partially stabilize Ag nanoparticles synthesized with aqueous and ethanolic kudzu leaf extracts, respectively. In the ethanolic extract, photoexcited chlorophyll serves as a co-reducing and co-stabilizing agent, leading to small and monodisperse Ag nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaley Faith Adkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40292 USA
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40292 USA
| | - Md Sofiul Alom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40292 USA
| | | | | | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40292 USA
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Yang D, Cheng J, Zhao L, Chen M, Liu H, Wang J, Han C, Liu Z, Wang S, Geng F, Sun Y, Xu Q. Evolution of the point defects involved under the action of mechanical forces on mechanically machined fused silica surfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7684-7706. [PMID: 36859895 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Point defects with different species are concentrated on most mechanically machined fused silica optical surfaces with surface defects, which would sharply decrease the laser damage resistance under intense laser irradiation. Various point defects have distinct roles in affecting the laser damage resistance. Especially, the proportions of various point defects have not been identified, posing the challenge in relating the intrinsic quantitative relationship among various point defects. To fully reveal the comprehensive effect of various point defects, it is necessary to systematically explore the origins, evolution laws and especially the quantitative relationship among point defects. Herein, seven types of point defects are determined. The unbonded electrons in point defects are found to tend to be ionized to induce laser damage and there is a definite quantitative relationship between the proportions of oxygen-deficient point defects and that of peroxide point defects. The conclusions are further verified based on the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra and the properties (e.g., reaction rule and structural feature) of the point defects. On basis of the fitted Gaussian components and electronic-transition theory, the quantitative relationship between PL and the proportions of various point defects is constructed for the first time. E'-Center accounts for the highest proportion among them. This work is beneficial for fully revealing the comprehensive action mechanisms of various point defects and providing new insights in elucidating the defect-induced laser damage mechanisms of optical components under intense laser irradiation from the atomic scale.
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Singh D, Tomar S, Singh S, Chaudhary G, Singh AP, Gupta R. A fluorescent pH switch probe for the ‘turn-on’ dual-channel discriminative detection of magnesium and zinc ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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12
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Truong HTD, Reddy P, Reis MM, Archer R. Quality assessment of mānuka honeys using non-invasive Near Infrared systems. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Evaluation of fluorescence-based viability stains in cells dissociated from scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15297. [PMID: 36097278 PMCID: PMC9468155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. Using Pocillopora damicornis as a model, we characterized the autofluorescence and tested different fluorescent dye pair combinations to identify alternative viability indicators. The cytotoxicity of different representative molecules, namely small organic molecules, proteins and nanoparticles (NP), was measured after 24 h of exposure using the fluorescent dye pair Hoechst 33342 and SYTOX orange. Our results show that this dye pair can be distinctly measured in the presence of fluorescent proteins plus chlorophyll. P. damicornis cells exposed for 24 h to Triton-X100, insulin or titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 µg/mL, revealed a LC50 of 0.46 µg/mL for Triton-X100, 6.21 µg/mL for TiO2 NPs and 33.9 µg/mL for insulin. This work presents the approach used to customize dye pairs for membrane integrity-based cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals, namely: endogenous fluorescence characterization followed by the selection of dyes that do not overlap with endogenous signals.
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14
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Utilizing laser spectrochemical analytical methods for assessing the ripening progress of tomato. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo meet market demands and minimize losses, the tomato crop (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) requires a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method to distinguish between different maturity stages with high accuracy. This study aimed at evaluating two spectrochemical analytical techniques, namely laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), to discriminate three different maturity stages of tomato fruit (‘Green/Breaker’; ‘Turning/Pink’; and ‘Light-red/Red’). The simple linear regression confirmed the obtained LIF results with chlorophyll content (mg/100 g), hue angle (h°), and firmness (kg/cm2) of the different maturity stages (measured by conventional methods). Furthermore, the findings showed that the peak intensities of LIF spectra decreased with the chlorophyll content depletion during ripening. Moreover, the data exposed a reasonably good association between LIF spectra and chlorophyll content with a regression coefficient of 0.85. On the other hand, firmness and skin hue have shown an excellent predictor for the spectra with a high regression coefficient of 0.94. For LIBS spectra of each maturity stage, the ratios of Ca’s ionic-to-atomic spectral lines intensities have followed the same trend as conventionally measured firmness. The results demonstrated that LIF and LIBS are accurate, easy, and fast techniques used to define tomatoes’ different ripening stages. Both methods are useable in situ without any prior laboratory work.
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15
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New Normalized Difference Reflectance Indices for Estimation of Soil Drought Influence on Pea and Wheat. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil drought is an important problem in plant cultivation. Remote sensing using reflectance indices (RIs) can detect early changes in plants caused by soil drought. The development of new RIs which are sensitive to these changes is an important applied task. Previously, we revealed 46 normalized difference RIs based on a spectral region of visible light which were sensitive to the action of a short-term water shortage on pea plants under controlled conditions (Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 962). In the current work, we tested the efficiency of these RIs for revealing changes in pea and wheat plants induced by the soil drought under the conditions of both a vegetation room and open ground. RI (613, 605) and RI (670, 432) based on 613 and 605 nm wavelengths and on 670 and 432 nm wavelengths, respectively, were effective for revealing the action of the soil drought on investigated objects. Particularly, RI (613, 605) and RI (670, 432) which were measured in plant canopy, were significantly increased by the strong soil drought. The correlations between these indices and relative water content in plants were strong. Revealed effects were observed in both pea and wheat plants, at the plant cultivation under controlled and open-ground conditions, and using different angles of measurement. Thus, RI (613, 605) and RI (670, 432) seem to be effective tools for the remote sensing of plant changes under soil drought.
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16
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Lalla EA, Konstantinidis M, Veneranda M, Daly MG, Manrique JA, Lymer EA, Freemantle J, Cloutis EA, Stromberg JM, Shkolyar S, Caudill C, Applin D, Vago JL, Rull F, Lopez-Reyes G. Raman Characterization of the CanMars Rover Field Campaign Samples Using the Raman Laser Spectrometer ExoMars Simulator: Implications for Mars and Planetary Exploration. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:416-438. [PMID: 35041521 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landed on February 18, 2021, and has started ground operations. The ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover will touch down on June 10, 2023. Perseverance will be the first-ever Mars sample caching mission-a first step in sample return to Earth. SuperCam and Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals (SHERLOC) on Perseverance, and Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) on Rosalind Franklin, will comprise the first ever in situ planetary mission Raman spectroscopy instruments to identify rocks, minerals, and potential organic biosignatures on Mars' surface. There are many challenges associated when using Raman instruments and the optimization and quantitative analysis of resulting data. To understand how best to overcome them, we performed a comprehensive Raman analysis campaign on CanMars, a Mars sample caching rover analog mission undertaken in Hanksville, Utah, USA, in 2016. The Hanksville region presents many similarities to Oxia Planum's past habitable conditions, including liquid water, flocculent, and elemental compounds (such as clays), catalysts, substrates, and energy/food sources for life. We sampled and conducted a complete band analysis of Raman spectra as mission validation analysis with the RLS ExoMars Simulator or RLS Sim, a breadboard setup representative of the ExoMars RLS instrument. RLS Sim emulates the operational behavior of RLS on the Rosalind Franklin rover. Given the high fidelity of the Mars analog site and the RLS Sim, the results presented here may provide important information useful for guiding in situ analysis and sample triage for caching relevant for the Perseverance and Rosalind Franklin missions. By using the RLS Sim on CanMars samples, our measurements detected oxides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, feldspars, and carotenoids, many with a higher degree of sensitivity than past results. Future work with the RLS Sim will aim to continue developing and improving the capability of the RLS system in the future ExoMars mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A Lalla
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Menelaos Konstantinidis
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Veneranda
- Unidad Asociada Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC-CAB, Boecillo, Spain
| | - Michael G Daly
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth A Lymer
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Freemantle
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edward A Cloutis
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jessica M Stromberg
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
- CSIRO Mineral Resources, Kensington, Australia
| | - Svetlana Shkolyar
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christy Caudill
- Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration/Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Daniel Applin
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jorge L Vago
- European Space Agency, ESA/ESTEC (SCI-S), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rull
- Unidad Asociada Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC-CAB, Boecillo, Spain
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17
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Noor Mohamed NMH, Lim V, Mohamed R, Ismail IS. Regulation of the Macrophage Cellular Response by Clinacanthus nutans Extracts in J774.2 Macrophages. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Biomolecules from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Applications and Market Survey. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, microalgae and cyanobacteria have become a promising and sustainable source of useful products, thanks to their richness in bioactive metabolites of high value (antibiotics, toxins, pharmaceutically active compounds, plant growth regulators, and others). These photoautotroph microorganisms generate biomass using photosynthesis. This review, which distinguishes microalgae and Cyanobacteria, often called blue-green microalgae, aims to present their classification and taxonomic diversity as the ecological niches occupied by them. In addition, the usages of open ponds and photobioreactors to produce various microalgae and Cyanobacteria strains and the high-value bioactive compounds from these microorganisms are summarized. Finally, the numerous commercial applications of these phytoplanktons in different fields, such as food, dietary supplements, feed, cosmetic, and biofuel applications, are reviewed.
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19
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Morphological and Physiological Screening to Predict Lettuce Biomass Production in Controlled Environment Agriculture. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fast growth and rapid turnover is an important crop trait in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) due to its high cost. An ideal screening approach for fast-growing cultivars should detect desirable phenotypes non-invasively at an early growth stage, based on morphological and/or physiological traits. Hence, we established a rapid screening protocol based on a simple chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) technique to quantify the projected canopy size (PCS) of plants, combined with electron transport rate (ETR) measurements using a chlorophyll fluorometer. Eleven lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa), selected based on morphological differences, were grown in a greenhouse and imaged twice a week. Shoot dry weight (DW) of green cultivars at harvest 51 days after germination (DAG) was correlated with PCS at 13 DAG (R2 = 0.74), when the first true leaves had just appeared and the PCS was <8.5 cm2. However, early PCS of high anthocyanin (red) cultivars was not predictive of DW. Because light absorption by anthocyanins reduces the amount of photons available for photosynthesis, anthocyanins lower light use efficiency (LUE; DW/total incident light on canopy over the cropping cycle) and reduce growth. Additionally, the total incident light on the canopy throughout the cropping cycle explained 90% and 55% of variability in DW within green and red cultivars, respectively. Estimated leaf level ETR at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 or 1000 µmol m−2 s−1 were not correlated with DW in either green or red cultivars. In conclusion, early PCS quantification is a useful tool for the selection of fast-growing green lettuce phenotypes. However, this approach may not work in cultivars with high anthocyanin content because anthocyanins direct excitation energy away from photosynthesis and growth, weakening the correlation between incident light and growth.
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Application of Reflectance Indices for Remote Sensing of Plants and Revealing Actions of Stressors. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions are very changeable; fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, illumination intensity, and other factors can decrease a plant productivity and crop. The remote sensing of plants under these conditions is the basis for the protection of plants and increases their survivability. This problem can be solved through measurements of plant reflectance and calculation of reflectance indices. Reflectance indices are related to the vegetation biomass, specific physiological processes, and biochemical compositions in plants; the indices can be used for both short-term and long-term plant monitoring. In our review, we considered the applications of reflectance indices in plant remote sensing. In Optical Methods and Platforms of Remote Sensing of Plants, we briefly discussed multi- and hyperspectral imaging, including descriptions of multispectral and hyperspectral cameras with different principles and their efficiency for the remote sensing of plants. In Main Reflectance Indices, we described the main reflectance indices, including vegetation, water, and pigment reflectance indices, as well as the photochemical reflectance index and its modifications. We focused on the relationships of leaf reflectance and reflectance indices to plant biomass, development, and physiological and biochemical characteristics. In Problems of Measurement and Analysis of Reflectance Indices, we discussed the methods of the correction of the reflectance indices that can be used for decreasing the influence of environmental conditions (mainly illumination, air, and soil) and plant characteristics (orientation of leaves, their thickness, and others) on their measurements and the analysis of the plant remote sensing. Additionally, the variability of plants was also considered as an important factor that influences the results of measurement and analysis.
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21
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Zhou Y, Ding M, Nagel G, Konrad KR, Gao S. Advances and prospects of rhodopsin-based optogenetics in plant research. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:572-589. [PMID: 35237820 PMCID: PMC8491038 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins have advanced optogenetics since the discovery of channelrhodopsins almost two decades ago. During this time an abundance of microbial rhodopsins has been discovered, engineered, and improved for studies in neuroscience and other animal research fields. Optogenetic applications in plant research, however, lagged largely behind. Starting with light-regulated gene expression, optogenetics has slowly expanded into plant research. The recently established all-trans retinal production in plants now enables the use of many microbial opsins, bringing extra opportunities to plant research. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of rhodopsin-based plant optogenetics and provide a perspective for future use, combined with fluorescent sensors to monitor physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
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22
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External dsRNA Downregulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Genes and Affects Anthocyanin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136749. [PMID: 34201713 PMCID: PMC8269191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous application of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to plant surfaces has emerged as a promising method for regulation of essential genes in plant pathogens and for plant disease protection. Yet, regulation of plant endogenous genes via external RNA treatments has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we targeted the genes of chalcone synthase (CHS), the key enzyme in the flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and two transcriptional factors, MYBL2 and ANAC032, negatively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Direct foliar application of AtCHS-specific dsRNAs and siRNAs resulted in an efficient downregulation of the AtCHS gene and suppressed anthocyanin accumulation in A. thaliana under anthocyanin biosynthesis-modulating conditions. Targeting the AtMYBL2 and AtANAC032 genes by foliar dsRNA treatments markedly reduced their mRNA levels and led to a pronounced upregulation of the AtCHS gene. The content of anthocyanins was increased after treatment with AtMYBL2-dsRNA. Laser scanning microscopy showed a passage of Cy3-labeled AtCHS-dsRNA into the A. thaliana leaf vessels, leaf parenchyma cells, and stomata, indicating the dsRNA uptake and spreading into leaf tissues and plant individual cells. Together, these data show that exogenous dsRNAs were capable of downregulating Arabidopsis genes and induced relevant biochemical changes, which may have applications in plant biotechnology and gene functional studies.
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23
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Wang X, Pan M, Shi Z, Yu D, Huang F. Protein Nanobarrel for Integrating Chlorophyll a Molecules and Its Photochemical Performance. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:399-405. [PMID: 35014291 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from biology's effectiveness in nanoscale organization of chlorophylls for photosynthesis, we describe here a design for chlorophyll-protein conjugates that exploits the central hydrophobic cavity of GroEL protein nanobarrel as a binding pocket for chlorophyll. We found water-soluble conjugates of chlorophyll with GroEL could be easily generated via detergent dialysis. The number of chlorophyll units bound to GroEL is tunable by varying the equilibrium concentration of chlorophyll during dialysis. Meanwhile, it is shown that an increase in the entrapped chlorophyll amount leads to an improvement of chlorophyll-GroEL photostability. Using methyl viologen as an electron acceptor, we demonstrate that chlorophyll-GroEL has photoreduction activity, which is also switchable in on/off illumination mode. Finally, it is shown that chlorophyll-GroEL-sensitized solar cells have good photoelectric properties, yielding a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of ∼0.9%. The current strategy may be adopted for integrating other photosensitizing dyes or for other photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Meihong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
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24
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Potential of an Automated- and Image-Based Cell Counter to Accelerate Microalgal Research and Applications. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13226019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have resulted in enhancement of the position of microalgae in feedstocks for food, feed, healthcare, and biofuels. However, stabile microalgal biorefineries require a sustainable and reliable management system of microalgae, which are sensitive to environmental changes. To expand microalgal applicability, assessment and maintenance of microalgal quality are crucial. Compared with conventional methods, including hemocytometry and turbidity, an automated- and image-based cell counter contributes to the establishment of routine management of microalgae with reduced work burden. This review presents the principle of an automated cell counter and highlights the functional capacities of the device for microalgal management. The method utilizing fluorescence function to evaluate the chlorophyll integrity of microalgae may lay the groundwork for making a large variety of microalgal biorefineries, creating an important step toward achieving SDGs.
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25
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Scalisi A, Pelliccia D, O’Connell MG. Maturity Prediction in Yellow Peach ( Prunus persica L.) Cultivars Using a Fluorescence Spectrometer. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20226555. [PMID: 33212792 PMCID: PMC7696374 DOI: 10.3390/s20226555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Technology for rapid, non-invasive and accurate determination of fruit maturity is increasingly sought after in horticultural industries. This study investigated the ability to predict fruit maturity of yellow peach cultivars using a prototype non-destructive fluorescence spectrometer. Collected spectra were analysed to predict flesh firmness (FF), soluble solids concentration (SSC), index of absorbance difference (IAD), skin and flesh colour attributes (i.e., a* and H°) and maturity classes (immature, harvest-ready and mature) in four yellow peach cultivars—‘August Flame’, ‘O’Henry’, ‘Redhaven’ and ‘September Sun’. The cultivars provided a diverse range of maturity indices. The fluorescence spectrometer consistently predicted IAD and skin colour in all the cultivars under study with high accuracy (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient > 0.85), whereas flesh colour’s estimation was always accurate apart from ‘Redhaven’. Except for ‘September Sun’, good prediction of FF and SSC was observed. Fruit maturity classes were reliably predicted with a high likelihood (F1-score = 0.85) when samples from the four cultivars were pooled together. Further studies are needed to assess the performance of the fluorescence spectrometer on other fruit crops. Work is underway to develop a handheld version of the fluorescence spectrometer to improve the utility and adoption by fruit growers, packhouses and supply chain managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Scalisi
- Agriculture Victoria, Tatura, VIC 3616, Australia;
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniele Pelliccia
- Rubens Technologies Pty Ltd., Rowville, VIC 3178, Australia
- Instruments & Data Tools Pty Ltd., Rowville, VIC 3178, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Mark Glenn O’Connell
- Agriculture Victoria, Tatura, VIC 3616, Australia;
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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26
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Orlanducci S, Fulgenzi G, Margonelli A, Rea G, Antal TK, Lambreva MD. Mapping Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Photosynthetic Algae by Single-Cell Confocal Raman Microscopy. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225121. [PMID: 33202863 PMCID: PMC7698160 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most exploited carbon allotropes in the emerging technologies of molecular sensing and bioengineering. However, the advancement of algal nanobiotechnology and nanobionics is hindered by the lack of methods for the straightforward visualization of the CNTs inside the cell. Herein, we present a handy and label-free experimental strategy based on visible Raman microscopy to assess the internalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using the model photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a recipient. The relationship between the properties of SWCNTs and their biological behavior was demonstrated, along with the occurrence of excitation energy transfer from the excited chlorophyll molecules to the SWCNTs. The non-radiative deactivation of the chlorophyll excitation promoted by the SWCNTs enables the recording of Raman signals originating from cellular compounds located near the nanotubes, such as carotenoids, polyphosphates, and starch. Furthermore, the outcome of this study unveils the possibility to exploit SWCNTs as spectroscopic probes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic systems where the fluorescence background hinders the acquisition of Raman scattering signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Orlanducci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy; (A.M.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Gianluca Fulgenzi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Andrea Margonelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy; (A.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy; (A.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Taras K. Antal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russian;
- Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Research, Pskov State University, 180000 Pskov, Russian
| | - Maya D. Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy; (A.M.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (M.D.L.)
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27
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Cotrozzi L, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Saponaro V, Hoshika Y, Arab L, Rennenberg H, Paoletti E. Hyperspectral Reflectance of Light-Adapted Leaves Can Predict Both Dark- and Light-Adapted Chl Fluorescence Parameters, and the Effects of Chronic Ozone Exposure on Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6441. [PMID: 32899403 PMCID: PMC7504383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput and large-scale measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) are of great interest to investigate the photosynthetic performance of plants in the field. Here, we tested the capability to rapidly, precisely, and simultaneously estimate the number of pulse-amplitude-modulation ChlF parameters commonly calculated from both dark- and light-adapted leaves (an operation which usually takes tens of minutes) from the reflectance of hyperspectral data collected on light-adapted leaves of date palm seedlings chronically exposed in a FACE facility to three ozone (O3) concentrations (ambient air, AA; target 1.5 × AA O3, named as moderate O3, MO; target 2 × AA O3, named as elevated O3, EO) for 75 consecutive days. Leaf spectral measurements were paired with reference measurements of ChlF, and predictive spectral models were constructed using partial least squares regression. Most of the ChlF parameters were well predicted by spectroscopic models (average model goodness-of-fit for validation, R2: 0.53-0.82). Furthermore, comparing the full-range spectral profiles (i.e., 400-2400 nm), it was possible to distinguish with high accuracy (81% of success) plants exposed to the different O3 concentrations, especially those exposed to EO from those exposed to MO and AA. This was possible even in the absence of visible foliar injury and using a moderately O3-susceptible species like the date palm. The latter view is confirmed by the few variations of the ChlF parameters, that occurred only under EO. The results of the current study could be applied in several scientific fields, such as precision agriculture and plant phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.L.); (C.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.L.); (C.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.L.); (C.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.L.); (C.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Saponaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (G.L.); (C.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (Y.H.); (E.P.)
| | - Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.A.); (H.R.)
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.A.); (H.R.)
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (Y.H.); (E.P.)
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Generation of a Global Spatially Continuous TanSat Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Product by Considering the Impact of the Solar Radiation Intensity. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides a new and direct way of monitoring photosynthetic activity. However, current SIF products are limited by low spatial resolution or sparse sampling. In this paper, we present a data-driven method of generating a global, spatially continuous TanSat SIF product. Firstly, the key explanatory variables for modelling canopy SIF were investigated using in-situ and satellite observations. According to theoretical and experimental analysis, the solar radiation intensity was found to be a dominant driving environmental variable for the SIF yield at both the canopy and global scales; this has, however, been neglected in previous research. The cosine value of the solar zenith angle at noon (cos (SZA0)), a proxy for solar radiation intensity, was found to be a dominant abiotic factor for the SIF yield. Next, a Random Forest (RF) approach was employed for SIF prediction based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) visible-to-NIR reflectance data, the normalized difference vegetation (NDVI), cos (SZA0), and air temperature. The machine learning model performed well at predicting SIF, giving R2 values of 0.73, an RMSE of 0.30 mW m−2 nm−1 sr−1 and a bias of 0.22 mW m−2 nm−1 sr−1 for 2018. If cos (SZA0) was not included, the accuracy of the RF model decreased: the R2 value was then 0.65, the RMSE 0.34 mW m−2 nm−1 sr−1 and an bias of 0.26 mW m−2 nm−1 sr−1, further verifying the importance of cos (SZA0). Finally, the globally continuous TanSat SIF product was developed and compared to the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) SIF data. The results showed that the globally continuous TanSat SIF product agreed well with the TROPOMI SIF data, with an R2 value of 0.73. Thus, this paper presents an improved approach to modelling satellite SIF that has a better accuracy, and the study also generated a global, spatially continuous TanSat SIF product with a spatial resolution of 0.05°.
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Lozano RP, Pérez-de la Fuente R, Barrón E, Rodrigo A, Viejo JL, Peñalver E. Phloem sap in Cretaceous ambers as abundant double emulsions preserving organic and inorganic residues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9751. [PMID: 32546844 PMCID: PMC7297994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossilized remains preserved in amber provide abundant data on the paleobiota surrounding the resin-producing plants, but relatively scarcer information about the resinous sources themselves. Here, dark pseudoinclusions in kidney-shaped amber pieces from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) amber from Spain are studied. This type of fossilized remain, abundant in Cretaceous ambers, was first interpreted as fossilized vacuole-bearing microorganisms, but later regarded as artifactual and probably secreted by the resinous trees, although their origin remained unclear. Using complementary microscopy (light, electron, confocal), spectroscopy (infrared, micro-Raman), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis techniques, we demonstrate that the pseudoinclusions correspond to droplets of phloem sap containing amber spheroids and preserving both organic and inorganic residues consistent with degraded components from the original sap. The amber pieces containing pseudoinclusions are fossilized, resin-in-sap-in-resin double emulsions, showing banding patterns with differential content of resin-in-sap emulsion droplets. Our findings represent the first time fossilized phloem sap, 105 million years old, has been recognized and characterized, and open new lines of paleontological research with taxonomic, taphonomic, physiological and ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pablo Lozano
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain.
| | | | - Eduardo Barrón
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - Ana Rodrigo
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - José Luis Viejo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Peñalver
- Museo Geominero-Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, Madrid, 28003, Spain.
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30
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Phenolic Profile and Thermal Stability of Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils Based on Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:939-947. [PMID: 32504387 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The olive oil production in Pakistan has recently been started with the cultivation of exotic cultivars that are successfully adapted at Barani Agriculture Research center (BARI), Chakwal, Pakistan in Potohar valley. Therefore, characterization of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from this agro-climatic region is mandatory in establishing its biochemical profile and thermal stability. Seventeen monovarietal EVOOs extracted from these cultivars were analysed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and subjected to heating at 115, 150 and 170 °C for 15 min to identify their thermal stability. SFS emission spectra differentiated EVOOs on the basis of phenolic compounds that are denatured at high temperature, further chlorophyll contents also decreased with increasing temperature. The strong emission at ca. 351 nm, suggested to be vanillic acid, 391-471 nm for blue green region (BGR) assigned to other phenolic compounds and two peaks at 672 and 723 nm for chlorophyll became the bases for grouping through Hierarchical clustering. Most of the EVOOs were stable at 150 °C but showed denatured spectra at 170 °C, the only EVOO extracted from Spanish cultivar Arbequina was found to have moderate fluorescence emission from both vanillic acid and BGR that are more likely to impart oxidative stability even after heating at 170 °C, also confirmed by lowest values of specific extinction co-efficient (K232 and K270). Moreover, variation in phenolic contents of Arbequina EVOO was observed with different harvesting stages and the early harvested olives produced more thermally stable oil as compared to late harvested olives. Arbequina oil grown in Pakistan can be better suited for cooking at high temperatures, moreover can be blended with other monovarietal EVOOs to enhance the nutritional benefits and thermal stability.
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31
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Reimann R, Zeng B, Jakopec M, Burdukiewicz M, Petrick I, Schierack P, Rödiger S. Classification of dead and living microalgae Chlorella vulgaris by bioimage informatics and machine learning. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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32
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Saleem M, Atta BM, Ali Z, Bilal M. Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for early disease detection in grapefruit plants. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:713-721. [PMID: 32338657 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stress both cause a considerable decrease in the chlorophyll content in plant leaves, which provides a means for the early diagnosis of diseases in plants. The emergence of diseases affects the fluorescence of phenolic compounds and chlorophyll, which have emissions located at 530, 686 and 735 nm. Herein, it was found that the intensity of the emission band of phenolic compounds at 530 nm increased and that of chlorophyll at 735 nm decreased with the onset of diseases. Statistical analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed, which differentiated between apparently healthy leaf sites and diseased leaves, providing a basis for the detection of diseases in the early stages. The PLSR model was validated through the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of prediction (SEP) and standard error of calibration (SEC) with the values of 0.99, 0.394 and 0.0.401, respectively, which authenticated the model. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated through root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP), with a value of 0.14, by predicting 22 unknown emission spectra of different leaf sites. Both the PCA and PLSR models produced similar results, proving that fluorescence spectroscopy is an excellent tool for early disease detection in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saleem
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NILOP-C, PIEAS), 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Babar Manzoor Atta
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NILOP-C, PIEAS), 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NILOP-C, PIEAS), 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Bilal
- Agri. & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NILOP-C, PIEAS), 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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33
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Carotenoids Overproduction in Dunaliella Sp.: Transcriptional Changes and New Insights through Lycopene β Cyclase Regulation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dunaliella is a green microalga known for its ability to produce high levels of carotenoids under well-defined growing conditions. Molecular responses to the simultaneous effect of increasing salinity, light intensity and decrease of nitrogen availability were investigated in terms of their effect on different metabolic pathways (isoprenoids synthesis, glycolysis, carbohydrate use, etc.) by following the transcriptional regulation of enolase (ENO), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB), carotene globule protein (CGP), chloroplast-localized heat shock protein (HSP70), and chloroplast ribulose phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE) genes. The intracellular production of carotenoid was increased five times in stressed Dunaliella cells compared to those grown in an unstressed condition. At transcriptional levels, ENO implicated in glycolysis, and revealing about polysaccharides degradation, showed a two-stage response during the first 72 h. Genes directly involved in β-carotene accumulation, namely, CGP and LCYB, revealed the most important increase by about 54 and 10 folds, respectively. In silico sequence analysis, along with 3D modeling studies, were performed to identify possible posttranslational modifications of CGP and LCYB proteins. Our results described, for the first time, their probable regulation by sumoylation covalent attachment as well as the presence of expressed SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) protein in Dunaliella sp.
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Light-mediated effects of CdTe-MSA quantum dots on the autofluorescence of freshwater green microalgae: Spectroscopic studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111629. [PMID: 31610433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) serve as optically detectable models of nanoparticles and are commonly applied as photoluminescent markers in biological systems. The unicellular algae represent a popular model system suitable to evaluate pollution-induced effects. There is growing experimental evidence that release of metal ions cannot account for potential toxicity of metal containing nanoparticles, however, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Surrounding environment and illumination conditions are among the most important factors affecting the stability of QDs as well as the interaction between nanoparticles and cells such as microalgae. The measurements of changes in photoluminescence (PL) of QDs and autofluorescence (AF) of microalgae can thus be used as a non-invasive screening method for detecting mutual effects of nanoparticles and algae cells on each other under natural conditions. In this study, CdTe quantum dots (a peak of PL at 550 nm) capped with a mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) were introduced into aqueous ionic medium containing wild type green freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus and Chlorella sp. cells under artificial and natural ambient illumination. The spectroscopy and microscopy techniques were applied to observe both the influence of the microalgae on the spectral properties of negatively charged CdTe-MSA quantum dots and the effects of nanoparticles on the microalgae. The presence of algae cells revealed a protecting effect on both medium-dependent and radiation-induced changes in photoluminescence properties of QDs, which could be related with the increased stability of the capping layer. The effects on cellular AF intensity and the interaction of QDs with cellular surface depended on type of microalgae. The observed changes in AF spectral properties and AF induction signals can't be explained only by the photodegradation of QDs and have revealed the ability of nanoparticles to retard the photoadaptation of wild type microalgae under naturally varying illumination conditions.
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Mohammed GH, Colombo R, Middleton EM, Rascher U, van der Tol C, Nedbal L, Goulas Y, Pérez-Priego O, Damm A, Meroni M, Joiner J, Cogliati S, Verhoef W, Malenovský Z, Gastellu-Etchegorry JP, Miller JR, Guanter L, Moreno J, Moya I, Berry JA, Frankenberg C, Zarco-Tejada PJ. Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in vegetation: 50 years of progress. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2019; 231:111177. [PMID: 33414568 PMCID: PMC7787158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a rapidly advancing front in terrestrial vegetation science, with emerging capability in space-based methodologies and diverse application prospects. Although remote sensing of SIF - especially from space - is seen as a contemporary new specialty for terrestrial plants, it is founded upon a multi-decadal history of research, applications, and sensor developments in active and passive sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence. Current technical capabilities allow SIF to be measured across a range of biological, spatial, and temporal scales. As an optical signal, SIF may be assessed remotely using highly-resolved spectral sensors and state-of-the-art algorithms to distinguish the emission from reflected and/or scattered ambient light. Because the red to far-red SIF emission is detectable non-invasively, it may be sampled repeatedly to acquire spatio-temporally explicit information about photosynthetic light responses and steady-state behaviour in vegetation. Progress in this field is accelerating with innovative sensor developments, retrieval methods, and modelling advances. This review distills the historical and current developments spanning the last several decades. It highlights SIF heritage and complementarity within the broader field of fluorescence science, the maturation of physiological and radiative transfer modelling, SIF signal retrieval strategies, techniques for field and airborne sensing, advances in satellite-based systems, and applications of these capabilities in evaluation of photosynthesis and stress effects. Progress, challenges, and future directions are considered for this unique avenue of remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Uwe Rascher
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christiaan van der Tol
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yves Goulas
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Oscar Pérez-Priego
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Damm
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michele Meroni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
| | - Sergio Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Wouter Verhoef
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zbyněk Malenovský
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - John R. Miller
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luis Guanter
- German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), Remote Sensing Section, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jose Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ismael Moya
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Joseph A. Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
- Instituto de Agriculture Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Swapna MS, Raj V, Saritha Devi HV, Sankararaman S. Optical emission diagnosis of carbon nanoparticle-incorporated chlorophyll for sensing applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1382-1388. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl F) is widely used in sensing applications to understand terrestrial vegetation and environmental and climatic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Swapna
- Department of Optoelectronics and Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Kerala
- Trivandrum
- India
| | - Vimal Raj
- Department of Optoelectronics and Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Kerala
- Trivandrum
- India
| | - H. V. Saritha Devi
- Department of Optoelectronics and Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Kerala
- Trivandrum
- India
| | - S. Sankararaman
- Department of Optoelectronics and Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Kerala
- Trivandrum
- India
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37
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Oros CL, Alves F. Leaf wound induced ultraweak photon emission is suppressed under anoxic stress: Observations of Spathiphyllum under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using novel in vivo methodology. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198962. [PMID: 29902232 PMCID: PMC6002245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved a variety of means to energetically sense and respond to abiotic and biotic environmental stress. Two typical photochemical signaling responses involve the emission of volatile organic compounds and light. The emission of certain leaf wound volatiles and light are mutually dependent upon oxygen which is subsequently required for the wound-induced lipoxygenase reactions that trigger the formation of fatty acids and hydroperoxides; ultimately leading to photon emission by chlorophyll molecules. A low noise photomultiplier with sensitivity in the visible spectrum (300–720 nm) is used to continuously measure long duration ultraweak photon emission of dark-adapting whole Spathiphyllum leaves (in vivo). Leaves were mechanically wounded after two hours of dark adaptation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It was found that (1) nitrogen incubation did not affect the pre-wound basal photocounts; (2) wound induced leaf biophoton emission was significantly suppressed when under anoxic stress; and (3) the aerobic wound induced emission spectra observed was > 650 nm, implicating chlorophyll as the likely emitter. Limitations of the PMT photocathode’s radiant sensitivity, however, prevented accurate analysis from 700–720 nm. Further examination of leaf wounding profile photon counts revealed that the pre-wounding basal state (aerobic and anoxic), the anoxic wounding state, and the post-wounding aerobic state statistics all approximate a Poisson distribution. It is additionally observed that aerobic wounding induces two distinct exponential decay events. These observations contribute to the body of plant wound-induced luminescence research and provide a novel methodology to measure this phenomenon in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L. Oros
- Information Sciences Department, Graduate School of Operational and Information Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabio Alves
- Physics Department, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, United States of America
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38
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Ospina Calvo B, Parapugna TL, Lagorio MG. Variability in chlorophyll fluorescence spectra of eggplant fruit grown under different light environments: a case study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:711-720. [PMID: 28287658 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00475j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of the present work was to clarify physiological strategies in plants whose chloroplasts were developed under different light environments. The specific objective was to elucidate the influence of the spectral distribution of light on the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio and on photosynthetic parameters. To achieve this purpose, three species of eggplant fruit (black, purple and white striped and white) were used as a case study and their chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed in detail. Spectra of the non-variable fluorescence in each part of the fruit were corrected for distortions by light reabsorption processes using a physical model. The main conclusion of this work was that the corrected fluorescence ratio was dependent on the contribution of each photosystem to the fluorescence and consequently on the environmental lighting conditions, becoming higher when illumination was rich in long wavelengths. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence, similar to that observed from plant leaves, was detected for the pulp of the black eggplant, for the pulp of the purple and white striped eggplant and for the intact fruit of the black eggplant. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II in the light-adapted state (F'v/F'm), the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and the photochemical and non-photochemical quenching coefficients (qP and qNP/NPQ respectively) were determined in each case. The results could be explained very interestingly, in relation with the proportion of exciting light reaching each photosystem (I and II). The photochemical parameters obtained from variable chlorophyll fluorescence, allowed us to monitor non-destructively the physiological state of the black fruit during storage under both chilled or room-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ospina Calvo
- INQUIMAE, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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39
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Evaluating the Performance of the SCOPE Model in Simulating Canopy Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Imaging and Spectroscopy of Natural Fluorophores in Pine Needles. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7010010. [PMID: 29393922 PMCID: PMC5874599 DOI: 10.3390/plants7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many plant tissues fluoresce due to the natural fluorophores present in cell walls or within the cell protoplast or lumen. While lignin and chlorophyll are well-known fluorophores, other components are less well characterized. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of fresh or fixed vibratome-cut sections of radiata pine needles revealed the presence of suberin, lignin, ferulate, and flavonoids associated with cell walls as well as several different extractive components and chlorophyll within tissues. Comparison of needles in different physiological states demonstrated the loss of chlorophyll in both chlorotic and necrotic needles. Necrotic needles showed a dramatic change in the fluorescence of extractives within mesophyll cells from ultraviolet (UV) excited weak blue fluorescence to blue excited strong green fluorescence associated with tissue browning. Comparisons were made among fluorophores in terms of optimal excitation, relative brightness compared to lignin, and the effect of pH of mounting medium. Fluorophores in cell walls and extractives in lumens were associated with blue or green emission, compared to the red emission of chlorophyll. Autofluorescence is, therefore, a useful method for comparing the histology of healthy and diseased needles without the need for multiple staining techniques, potentially aiding visual screening of host resistance and disease progression in needle tissue.
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Yang J, Du L, Gong W, Shi S, Sun J, Chen B. Potential of vegetation indices combined with laser-induced fluorescence parameters for monitoring leaf nitrogen content in paddy rice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191068. [PMID: 29342190 PMCID: PMC5771623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is important for the growth of crops. Leaf nitrogen content (LNC) serves as a crucial indicator of the growth status of crops and can help determine the dose of N fertilizer. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology and the reflectance spectra of crops are widely used to detect the biochemical content of leaves. Many vegetation indices (VIs) and fluorescence parameters have been developed to estimate LNC. However, the comparison among VIs and between fluorescence parameters and VIs has been rarely studied in the estimation of LNC. In this study, the performances of several published empirical VIs and fluorescence parameters for the estimation of paddy rice LNC were analyzed using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Then, the optimal VIs (TVI, MTVI1, MTVI2, and MSAVI) and fluorescence parameters (F735/F460 and F685/F460), which were suitable for LNC monitoring in this study, were chosen. In addition, the combination of the VIs and fluorescence parameters was proposed as the input variables in the SVM model and used to estimate the LNC. Experimental results exhibited the promising potential of the LIF technology combined with reflectance for the accurate estimation of LNC, which provided guidance for monitoring the LNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lin Du
- Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Biwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Das G, Chattoraj S, Nandi S, Mondal P, Saha A, Bhattacharyya K, Ghosh S. Probing the conformational dynamics of photosystem I in unconfined and confined spaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:449-455. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PSI demonstrates strong fluctuations in fluorescence intensity and lifetime with two conformational states in bulk-water in contrast to a liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Das
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Shyamtanu Chattoraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Kankan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Bhopal
- Bhopal Bypass Road
- Bhopal-462 066
- India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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43
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Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as a natural photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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44
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Magney TS, Frankenberg C, Fisher JB, Sun Y, North GB, Davis TS, Kornfeld A, Siebke K. Connecting active to passive fluorescence with photosynthesis: a method for evaluating remote sensing measurements of Chl fluorescence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1594-1608. [PMID: 28664542 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the retrieval of Chl fluorescence from space using passive methods (solar-induced Chl fluorescence, SIF) promise improved mapping of plant photosynthesis globally. However, unresolved issues related to the spatial, spectral, and temporal dynamics of vegetation fluorescence complicate our ability to interpret SIF measurements. We developed an instrument to measure leaf-level gas exchange simultaneously with pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) and spectrally resolved fluorescence over the same field of view - allowing us to investigate the relationships between active and passive fluorescence with photosynthesis. Strongly correlated, slope-dependent relationships were observed between measured spectra across all wavelengths (Fλ , 670-850 nm) and PAM fluorescence parameters under a range of actinic light intensities (steady-state fluorescence yields, Ft ) and saturation pulses (maximal fluorescence yields, Fm ). Our results suggest that this method can accurately reproduce the full Chl emission spectra - capturing the spectral dynamics associated with changes in the yields of fluorescence, photochemical (ΦPSII), and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). We discuss how this method may establish a link between photosynthetic capacity and the mechanistic drivers of wavelength-specific fluorescence emission during changes in environmental conditions (light, temperature, humidity). Our emphasis is on future research directions linking spectral fluorescence to photosynthesis, ΦPSII, and NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy S Magney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gretchen B North
- Biology Department, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA
| | - Thomas S Davis
- Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ari Kornfeld
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Shen Z, Guo X, Liu L, Sunarso J, Wang G, Wang S, Liu S. Carbon‐Dot/Natural‐Dye Sensitizer for TiO
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Solar Cells Prepared by a One‐Step Treatment of Celery Leaf Extract. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfeng Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Xiaochen Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Jalan Simpang Tiga 93350 Kuching Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- School of New Energy Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6845 Australia
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46
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Wientjes E, Philippi J, Borst JW, van Amerongen H. Imaging the Photosystem I/Photosystem II chlorophyll ratio inside the leaf. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:259-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Lei R, Jiang H, Hu F, Yan J, Zhu S. Chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging provides new insight into the chlorosis induced by plant virus infection. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:327-341. [PMID: 27904946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Leaf chlorosis induced by plant virus infection has a short fluorescence lifetime, which reflects damaged photosynthetic complexes and degraded chloroplasts. Plant viruses often induce chlorosis and necrosis, which are intimately related to photosynthetic functions. Chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime measurement is a valuable noninvasive tool for analyzing photosynthetic processes and is a sensitive indicator of the environment surrounding the fluorescent molecules. In this study, our central goal was to explore the effect of viral infection on photosynthesis by employing chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), steady-state fluorescence, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and pigment analysis. The data indicated that the chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime of chlorotic leaves was significantly shorter than that of healthy control leaves, and the fitted short lifetime component of chlorophyll fluorescence of chlorotic leaves was dominant. This dominant short lifetime component may result from damage to the structure of thylakoid, which was confirmed by TEM. The NPQ value of chlorotic leaves was slightly higher than that of healthy green leaves, which can be explained by increased neoxanthin, lutein and violaxanthin content relative to chlorophyll a. The difference in NPQ is slight, but FLIM can provide simple and direct characterization of PSII structure and photosynthetic function. Therefore, this technique shows great potential as a simple and rapid method for studying mechanisms of plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lei
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Hongshan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China.
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48
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Spaceborne Sun-Induced Vegetation Fluorescence Time Series from 2007 to 2015 Evaluated with Australian Flux Tower Measurements. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Analyzing the performance of fluorescence parameters in the monitoring of leaf nitrogen content of paddy rice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28787. [PMID: 27350029 PMCID: PMC4923903 DOI: 10.1038/srep28787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf nitrogen content (LNC) is a significant factor which can be utilized to monitor the status of paddy rice and it requires a reliable approach for fast and precise quantification. This investigation aims to quantitatively analyze the correlation between fluorescence parameters and LNC based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology. The fluorescence parameters exhibited a consistent positive linear correlation with LNC in different growing years (2014 and 2015) and different rice cultivars. The R2 of the models varied from 0.6978 to 0.9045. Support vector machine (SVM) was then utilized to verify the feasibility of the fluorescence parameters for monitoring LNC. Comparison of the fluorescence parameters indicated that F740 is the most sensitive (the R2 of linear regression analysis of the between predicted and measured values changed from 0.8475 to 0.9226, and REs ranged from 3.52% to 4.83%) to the changes in LNC among all fluorescence parameters. Experimental results demonstrated that fluorescence parameters based on LIF technology combined with SVM is a potential method for realizing real-time, non-destructive monitoring of paddy rice LNC, which can provide guidance for the decision-making of farmers in their N fertilization strategies.
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50
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Bot F, Anese M, Lemos MA, Hungerford G. Use of time-resolved spectroscopy as a method to monitor carotenoids present in tomato extract obtained using ultrasound treatment. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:32-40. [PMID: 26289117 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compounds exhibiting antioxidant activity have received much interest in the food industry because of their potential health benefits. Carotenoids such as lycopene, which in the human diet mainly derives from tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), have attracted much attention in this aspect and the study of their extraction, processing and storage procedures is of importance. Optical techniques potentially offer advantageous non-invasive and specific methods to monitor them. OBJECTIVES To obtain both fluorescence and Raman information to ascertain if ultrasound assisted extraction from tomato pulp has a detrimental effect on lycopene. METHOD Use of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor carotenoids in a hexane extract obtained from tomato pulp with application of ultrasound treatment (583 kHz). The resultant spectra were a combination of scattering and fluorescence. Because of their different timescales, decay associated spectra could be used to separate fluorescence and Raman information. This simultaneous acquisition of two complementary techniques was coupled with a very high time-resolution fluorescence lifetime measurement of the lycopene. RESULTS Spectroscopic data showed the presence of phytofluene and chlorophyll in addition to lycopene in the tomato extract. The time-resolved spectral measurement containing both fluorescence and Raman data, coupled with high resolution time-resolved measurements, where a lifetime of ~5 ps was attributed to lycopene, indicated lycopene appeared unaltered by ultrasound treatment. Detrimental changes were, however, observed in both chlorophyll and phytofluene contributions. CONCLUSION Extracted lycopene appeared unaffected by ultrasound treatment, while other constituents (chlorophyll and phytofluene) were degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bot
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Anese
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - M Adília Lemos
- Food and Life Sciences, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay Dundee, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
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