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Kumbhar P, Kolekar K, Khot C, Dabhole S, Salawi A, Sabei FY, Mohite A, Kole K, Mhatre S, Jha NK, Manjappa A, Singh SK, Dua K, Disouza J, Patravale V. Co-crystal nanoarchitectonics as an emerging strategy in attenuating cancer: Fundamentals and applications. J Control Release 2023; 353:1150-1170. [PMID: 36566843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer ranks as the second foremost cause of death in various corners of the globe. The clinical uses of assorted anticancer therapeutics have been limited owing to the poor physicochemical attributes, pharmacokinetic performance, and lethal toxicities. Various sorts of co-crystals or nano co-crystals or co-crystals-laden nanocarriers have presented great promise in targeting cancer via improved physicochemical attributes, pharmacokinetic performance, and reduced toxicities. These systems have also demonstrated the controlled cargo release and passive targeting via enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, regional delivery of co-crystals via inhalation and transdermal route displayed remarkable potential in targeting lung and skin cancer effectively. However, more research is required on the use of co-crystals in cancer and their commercialization. The present review mainly emphasizes co-crystals as emerging avenues in the treatment of various cancers by modulating the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes of approved anticancer therapeutics. The worth of co-crystals in cancer treatment, computational paths in the co-crystals screening, diverse experimental techniques of co-crystals fabrication, and sorts of co-crystals and their noteworthy applications in targeting cancer are also discussed. Besides, the game changer approaches like nano co-crystals and co-crystals-laden nanocarriers, and co-crystals in regional delivery in cancer are also explained with reported case studies. Furthermore, regulatory directives for pharmaceutical co-crystals and their scale-up, and challenges are also highlighted with concluding remarks and future initiatives. In essence, co-crystals and nano co-crystals emerge to be a promising strategy in overwhelming cancers through improving anticancer efficacy, safety, patient compliance, and reducing the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Kaustubh Kolekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Chinmayee Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Swati Dabhole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akshay Mohite
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Kapil Kole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Susmit Mhatre
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professionals, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India.
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Teoh Y, Ayoub G, Huskić I, Titi HM, Nickels CW, Herrmann B, Friščić T. SpeedMixing: Rapid Tribochemical Synthesis and Discovery of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals without Milling or Grinding Media**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206293. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teoh
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Ghada Ayoub
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Igor Huskić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| | | | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
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3
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Chauhan V, Mardia R, Patel M, Suhagia B, Parmar K. Technical and Formulation Aspects of Pharmaceutical Co‐Crystallization: A Systematic Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishva Chauhan
- Affiliation: a-ROFEL Shri G.M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy Namdha campus Vapi Gujarat India 396191
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Rajnikant Mardia
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Mehul Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Bhanu Suhagia
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Komal Parmar
- Affiliation: a-ROFEL Shri G.M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy Namdha campus Vapi Gujarat India 396191
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4
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Teoh Y, Ayoub G, Huskic I, Titi HM, Nickels CW, Herrmann B, Friscic T. SpeedMixing: Rapid Tribochemical Synthesis and Discovery of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals without Milling or Grinding Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brad Herrmann
- Flacktek, Inc. Flacktek, Inc. 1708 SC-11 29356 Landrum UNITED STATES
| | - Tomislav Friscic
- McGill University Chemistry 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal CANADA
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5
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O'Sullivan A, Long B, Verma V, Ryan KM, Padrela L. Solid-State and Particle Size Control of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals using Atomization-Based Techniques. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121798. [PMID: 35525471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility represent a major constraint during the development of new API molecules and can influence the impact of new medicines or halt their approval to the market. Cocrystals offer a novel and competitive advantage over other conventional methods with respect towards the substantial improvement in solubility profiles relative to the single-API crystals. Furthermore, the production of such cocrystals through atomization-based methods allow for greater control, with respect to particle size reduction, to further increase the solubility of the API. Such atomization-based methods include supercritical fluid methods, conventional spray drying and electrohydrodynamic atomization/electrospraying. The influence of process parameters such as solution flow rates, pressure and solution concentration, in controlling the solid-state and final particle size are discussed in this review with respect to atomization-based methods. For the last decade, literature has been attempting to catch-up with new regulatory rulings regarding the classification of cocrystals, due in part to data sparsity. In recent years, there has been an increase in cocrystal publications, specifically employing atomization-based methods. This review considers the benefits to employing atomization-based methods for the generation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, examines the most recent regulatory changes regarding cocrystals and provides an outlook towards the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O'Sullivan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Barry Long
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vivek Verma
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Experimental and Hirshfeld Surface Investigations for Unexpected Aminophenazone Cocrystal Formation under Thiourea Reaction Conditions via Possible Enamine Assisted Rearrangement. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering the astounding biomedicine properties of pharmaceutically active drug, 4-aminophenazone, also known as 4-aminoantipyrine, the work reported in this manuscript details the formation of novel cocrystals of rearranged 4-aminophenazone and 4-nitro-N-(4-nitrobenzoyl) benzamide in 1:1 stoichiometry under employed conditions for thiourea synthesis by exploiting the use of its active amino component. However, detailed analysis via various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single crystal XRD, for this unforeseen, but useful cocrystalline synthetic adduct (4 and 5) prompted us to delve into its mechanistic pathway under provided reaction conditions. The coformer 4-nitro-N-(4-nitrobenzoyl) benzamide originates via nucleophilic addition reaction following tetrahedral mechanism between para-nitro substituted benzoyl amide and its acid halide (1). While the enamine nucleophilic addition reaction by 4-aminophenazone on 4-nitrosubstituted aroyl isothiocyanates under reflux temperature suggests the emergence of rearranged counterpart of cocrystal named N-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonothioyl)-4-nitrobenzamide. Crystallographic studies reveal triclinic system P-1 space group for cocrystal (4 and 5) and depicts two different crystallographically independent molecules with prominent C–H···O and N–H···O hydrogen bonding effective for structure stabilization. Hirshfeld surface analysis also displays hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions as dominant interactions in crystal packing. Further insight into the cocrystal synthetic methodologies supported the occurrence of solution-based evaporation/cocrystallization methodology in our case during purification step, promoting the synthesis of this first-ever reported novel cocrystal of 4-aminophenazone with promising future application in medicinal industry.
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Kumar Bandaru R, Rout SR, Kenguva G, Gorain B, Alhakamy NA, Kesharwani P, Dandela R. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: From Bench to Market. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:780582. [PMID: 34858194 PMCID: PMC8632238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.780582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics profile of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the solid pharmaceutical dosage forms is largely dependent on the solid-state characteristics of the chemicals to understand the physicochemical properties by particle size, size distribution, surface area, solubility, stability, porosity, thermal properties, etc. The formation of salts, solvates, and polymorphs are the conventional strategies for altering the solid characteristics of pharmaceutical compounds, but they have their own limitations. Cocrystallization approach was established as an alternative method for tuning the solubility, permeability, and processability of APIs by introducing another compatible molecule/s into the crystal structure without affecting its therapeutic efficacy to successfully develop the formulation with the desired pharmacokinetic profile. In the present review, we have grossly focused on cocrystallization, particularly at different stages of development, from design to production. Furthermore, we have also discussed regulatory guidelines for pharmaceutical industries and challenges associated with the design, development and production of pharmaceutical cocrystals with commercially available cocrystal-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Bandaru
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gowtham Kenguva
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
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Guo M, Sun X, Chen J, Cai T. Pharmaceutical cocrystals: A review of preparations, physicochemical properties and applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2537-2564. [PMID: 34522597 PMCID: PMC8424375 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent systems in which at least one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient and the others are pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients. Cocrystallization of a drug substance with a coformer is a promising and emerging approach to improve the performance of pharmaceuticals, such as solubility, dissolution profile, pharmacokinetics and stability. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals, including preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and applications. Furthermore, some examples of drug cocrystals are highlighted to illustrate the effect of crystal structures on the various aspects of active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as physical stability, chemical stability, mechanical properties, optical properties, bioavailability, sustained release and therapeutic effect. This review will provide guidance for more efficient design and manufacture of pharmaceutical cocrystals with desired physicochemical properties and applications.
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9
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Ngilirabanga JB, Samsodien H. Pharmaceutical co‐crystal: An alternative strategy for enhanced physicochemical properties and drug synergy. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Halima Samsodien
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
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10
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Kozak A, Pindelska E. Spectroscopic analysis of the influence of various external factors on ethenzamide-glutaric acid (1:1) cocrystal formation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:59-68. [PMID: 30910648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystal formation may affect manufacturability (flow, compaction and processability) as well as solubility/dissolution, hygroscopicity and stability properties of drugs. Therefore, cocrystallization could be used to improve the pharmaceutical properties of low-soluble drugs such as ethenzamide. In this project, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies were performed for ethenzamide-glutaric acid to obtain more information about the ethenzamide cocrystallization process. The impact of the grinding time of the physical mixture (ethenzamide-glutaric acid) on cocrystal formation and the further spontaneous cocrystallization was evaluated using spectroscopic methods and curve-fitting analysis of the spectra. The influence of pressure on the yield of cocrystal formation was also described. Additionally, studies on the effect of magic-angle spinning during solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra collection on the initiation of cocrystal formation, have been performed. Based on this research, conclusions regarding the influence of the different external factors, such as pressure during the tableting process and grinding time, on the cocrystal formation have been drawn for ethenzamide cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozak
- Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Pindelska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Polymorphism in the co-crystallization of the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine and saccharin using supercritical CO2 as an anti-solvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Bouvart N, Palix RM, Arkhipov SG, Tumanov IA, Michalchuk AAL, Boldyreva EV. Polymorphism of chlorpropamide on liquid-assisted mechanical treatment: choice of liquid and type of mechanical treatment matter. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02221b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different types of mechanical treatment (tableting, grinding, milling, etc.) are important technological operations in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouvart
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- ESCOM
- 1 allée du réseau J.-M. Buckmaster
| | - Roland-Marie Palix
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- ESCOM
- 1 allée du réseau J.-M. Buckmaster
| | - Sergey G. Arkhipov
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
- SB RAS
| | - Ivan A. Tumanov
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
- SB RAS
| | - Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- EaStChem School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russian Federation
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
- SB RAS
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13
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Suzuki N, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Suzuki T, Tomono K, Fukami T. Comparison of the relative stability of pharmaceutical cocrystals consisting of paracetamol and dicarboxylic acids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:582-589. [PMID: 29132223 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1405433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the relative stability of pharmaceutical cocrystals consisting of paracetamol (APAP) and oxalic acid (OXA) or maleic acid (MLA). SIGNIFICANCE These observations of cocrystal stability under various conditions are useful coformer criteria when cocrystals are selected as the active pharmaceutical ingredient in drug development. METHOD The relative stability was determined from the preferentially formed cocrystals under various conditions. RESULT Cocrystal of APAP-OXA was more stable than that of APAP-MLA in a ternary cogrinding system and possessed thermodynamical stability. On the other hand, when grinding with moisture or maintaining at high temperatures and relative humidity conditions, APAP-MLA was more stable, and OXA converted to OXA dihydrate. In the slurry method, APAP-OXA was more stable in aprotic solvents because the APAP-OXA with low-solubility product precipitated. CONCLUSIONS The relative stability order was affected by preparing conditions of presence of moisture. This order might attribute to the small difference of crystal structure in the extension of the hydrogen bond network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Suzuki
- a Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa Campus , Kagawa , Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa Campus , Kagawa , Japan
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- a Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomono
- a Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- c Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics , Meiji Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
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14
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Advanced methodologies for cocrystal synthesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:178-195. [PMID: 28712924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent systems composed of two or more molecules and held together by H-bonding. Currently, cocrystals provide exciting opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry for the development and manufacturing of new medicines by improving poor physical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) such as processability, solubility, stability and bioavailability. According to the recent reclassification, cocrystals are considered as drug polymorph rather a new API which has a significant impact on drug development, regulatory submissions and intellectual property protection. This review summarizes recent trends and advances in synthesis, manufacturing and scale - up of cocrystals. The operational principles of several cocrystals manufacturing technologies are discussed including their advantages and disadvantages in terms of crystal quality, purity stability, throughput and limitations in large scale production.
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15
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Sarceviča I, Kons A, Orola L. Isoniazid cocrystallisation with dicarboxylic acids: vapochemical, mechanochemical and thermal methods. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01774b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study on mechanochemical, thermal and vapochemical cocrystallisation demonstrates the effect of compound properties on the outcome of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Sarceviča
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Latvia
- Riga, Latvia
| | - A. Kons
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Latvia
- Riga, Latvia
| | - L. Orola
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Latvia
- Riga, Latvia
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16
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Dong P, Lin L, Li Y, Huang Z, Lang T, Wu C, Lu M. In-situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction as a rapid method for cocrystal/salt screening. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:107-16. [PMID: 25804498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to explore in-situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) as a rapid and accurate tool to screen and monitor the formation of cocrystal/salts during heating. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (caffeine, carbamazepine and lamotrigine) were respectively mixed with the coformer (saccharin), and then heated by the hot stage. Real-time process monitoring was performed using synchrotron WAXD to assess cocrystal formation and subsequently compared to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The effect of heating rates and cocrystal growth behavior were investigated. Synchrotron WAXD was fast and sensitive to detect cocrystal formation with the appearance of characteristic diffraction rings, even at the heating rate of 30°C/min, while DSC curves showed overlapped peaks. Unlike the indirect characterization of DSC on endo/exothermic peaks, synchrotron WAXD can directly and qualitatively determine cocrystal by diffraction peaks. The diffraction intensity-temperature curves and the corresponding first-derivative curves clearly exhibited the growth behavior of cocrystal upon heating, providing useful information to optimize the process temperature of hot melt extrusion to continuously manufacture cocrystal. The study suggests that in-situ synchrotron WAXD could provide a one-step process to screen cocrystal at high efficiency and reveal the details of cocrystal/salts growth behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Tianqun Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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17
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Sarceviča I, Orola L, Nartowski KP, Khimyak YZ, Round AN, Fábián L. Mechanistic and Kinetic Insight into Spontaneous Cocrystallization of Isoniazid and Benzoic Acid. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2981-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inese Sarceviča
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Latvia, K.Valdemara street 48, Riga LV1013, Latvia
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Lia̅na Orola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Latvia, K.Valdemara street 48, Riga LV1013, Latvia
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Andrew N. Round
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - László Fábián
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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18
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Stolle A, Schmidt R, Jacob K. Scale-up of organic reactions in ball mills: process intensification with regard to energy efficiency and economy of scale. Faraday Discuss 2015; 170:267-86. [PMID: 25406485 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The scale-up of the Knoevenagel-condensation between vanillin and barbituric acid carried out in planetary ball mills is investigated from an engineering perspective. Generally, the reaction proceeded in the solid state without intermediate melting and afforded selectively only one product. The reaction has been used as a model to analyze the influence and relationship of different parameters related to operation in planetary ball mills. From the viewpoint of technological parameters the milling ball diameter, dMB, the filling degree with respect to the milling balls' packing, ΦMB,packing, and the filling degree of the substrates with respect to the void volume of the milling balls' packing, ΦGS, have been investigated at different reaction scales. It was found that milling balls with small dMB lead to higher yields within shorter reaction time, treaction, or lower rotation frequency, rpm. Thus, the lower limit is set considering the technology which is available for the separation of the milling balls from the product after the reaction. Regarding ΦMB,packing, results indicate that the optimal value is roughly 50% of the total milling beakers' volume, VB,total, independent of the reaction scale or reaction conditions. Thus, 30% of VB,total are taken by the milling balls. Increase of the initial batch sizes changes ΦGS significantly. However, within the investigated parameter range no negative influence on the yield was observed. Up to 50% of VB,total can be taken over by the substrates in addition to 30% for the total milling ball volume. Scale-up factors of 15 and 11 were realized considering the amount of substrates and the reactor volume, respectively. Beside technological parameters, variables which influence the process itself, treaction and rpm, were investigated also. Variation of those allowed to fine-tune the reaction conditions in order to maximize the yield and minimize the energy intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Stolle
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (ITUC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Ervasti T, Aaltonen J, Ketolainen J. Theophylline-nicotinamide cocrystal formation in physical mixture during storage. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:121-30. [PMID: 25800677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically relevant properties, such as solubility and dissolution rate, of active pharmaceutical ingredients can be enhanced by cocrystal formation. Theophylline and nicotinamide are known to form cocrystals, for example if subjected to solid-state grinding. However, under appropriate conditions, cocrystals can also form in physical mixtures without any mechanical activation. The purpose of this work was to study whether theophylline and nicotinamide could form cocrystals spontaneously, without mechanical activation. Crystalline theophylline and nicotinamide powders were gently mixed manually in a 1:1 molar ratio and stored at different relative humidity and temperature conditions. The solid state of the samples was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. Three different variations of theophylline were used as starting materials, e.g., two size fractions of theophylline anhydrate (large 710 μm-1 mm and small 180-355 μm), and monohydrate (recrystallized from water). As a reference, anhydrous theophylline-nicotinamide cocrystals were prepared by solid-state grinding. The results of this study indicate that theophylline-nicotinamide cocrystals can form without any mechanical activation from physical mixtures of theophylline and nicotinamide during storage. For anhydrous samples, storage humidity was found to be a critical parameter for cocrystal formation. Increasing temperature was also found to have an accelerating effect on the transformation. The effect of particle size of anhydrous theophylline on the transformation rate could not be completely resolved; DSC and Raman indicated slightly faster transformation with a physical mixture prepared from large size fraction of anhydrous theophylline, but the differences were only minor. Cocrystal formation was also observed in the physical mixture prepared from theophylline monohydrate, but the rate was not as high as with samples prepared from anhydrous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Ervasti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Aaltonen
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Jarkko Ketolainen
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
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20
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Mandala VS, Loewus SJ, Mehta MA. Monitoring Cocrystal Formation via In Situ Solid-State NMR. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3340-3344. [PMID: 26278442 DOI: 10.1021/jz501699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the mechanism of organic cocrystal formation remains elusive. Techniques that interrogate a reacting system in situ are preferred, though experimentally challenging. We report here the results of a solid-state in situ NMR study of the spontaneous formation of a cocrystal between a pharmaceutical mimic (caffeine) and a coformer (malonic acid). Using (13)C magic angle spinning NMR, we show that the formation of the cocrystal may be tracked in real time. We find no direct evidence for a short-lived, chemical shift-resolved amorphous solid intermediate. However, changes in the line width and line center of the malonic acid methylene resonance, in the course of the reaction, provide subtle clues to the mode of mass transfer that underlies cocrystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Mandala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Sarel J Loewus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Manish A Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
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21
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Macfhionnghaile P, Hu Y, Gniado K, Curran S, Mcardle P, Erxleben A. Effects of Ball-Milling and Cryomilling on Sulfamerazine Polymorphs: A Quantitative Study. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1766-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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am Ende DJ, Anderson SR, Salan JS. Development and Scale-Up of Cocrystals Using Resonant Acoustic Mixing. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op4003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. am Ende
- Nalas Engineering Services,
Inc., 85 Westbrook Road, Centerbrook, Connecticut 06409
| | - Stephen R. Anderson
- Nalas Engineering Services,
Inc., 85 Westbrook Road, Centerbrook, Connecticut 06409
| | - Jerry S. Salan
- Nalas Engineering Services,
Inc., 85 Westbrook Road, Centerbrook, Connecticut 06409
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23
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Halasz I, Puškarić A, Kimber SAJ, Beldon PJ, Belenguer AM, Adams F, Honkimäki V, Dinnebier RE, Patel B, Jones W, Štrukil V, Friščić T. Real-Time In Situ Powder X-ray Diffraction Monitoring of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Halasz I, Puškarić A, Kimber SAJ, Beldon PJ, Belenguer AM, Adams F, Honkimäki V, Dinnebier RE, Patel B, Jones W, Štrukil V, Friščić T. Real-Time In Situ Powder X-ray Diffraction Monitoring of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11538-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Laitinen R, Löbmann K, Strachan CJ, Grohganz H, Rades T. Emerging trends in the stabilization of amorphous drugs. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Arora KK, Thakral S, Suryanarayanan R. Instability in theophylline and carbamazepine hydrate tablets: cocrystal formation due to release of lattice water. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1779-89. [PMID: 23568521 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate two sequential solid-state reactions in intact tablets: dehydration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and cocrystal formation between the anhydrous API and a second formulation component mediated by the released water. To evaluate the implication of this in situ phase transformation on the tablet dissolution behavior. METHODS Tablets containing theophylline monohydrate (TPM) and anhydrous citric acid (CA) were stored at 40°C in sealed polyester pouches and the relative humidity in the headspace above the tablet was continuously measured. Dehydration to anhydrous theophylline (TPA) and the product appearance (TPA-CA cocrystal) were simultaneously monitored by powder X-ray diffractometry. Carbamazepine dihydrate and nicotinamide formed the second model system. RESULTS The water of crystallization released by TPM dehydration was followed first by deliquescence of citric acid, evident from the headspace relative humidity (~ 68%; 40°C), and then the formation of TPA-CA cocrystal in intact tablets. The noncovalent synthesis resulted in a pronounced decrease in the dissolution rate of theophylline from the tablets. Similarly, the water released by dehydration of carbamazepine dihydrate caused the cocrystallization reaction between anhydrous carbamazepine and nicotinamide. CONCLUSIONS The water released by API dehydration mediated cocrystal formation in intact tablets and affected dissolution behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapildev K Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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27
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Frenette M, Cosa G, Friščić T. Characterisation of organic solid forms and real-time in situ monitoring of their transformations using solid-state fluorescence. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40604k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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29
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Sarcevica I, Orola L, Belyakov S, Veidis MV. Spontaneous cocrystal hydrate formation in the solid state: crystal structure aspects and kinetics. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Braga D, Dichiarante E, Grepioni F, Lampronti GI, Maini L, Mazzeo PP, D'Agostino S. Mechanical Preparation of Crystalline Materials. An Oxymoron? Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Kelly AL, Gough T, Dhumal RS, Halsey SA, Paradkar A. Monitoring ibuprofen-nicotinamide cocrystal formation during solvent free continuous cocrystallization (SFCC) using near infrared spectroscopy as a PAT tool. Int J Pharm 2012; 426:15-20. [PMID: 22274588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to explore NIR spectroscopy as a PAT tool to monitor the formation of ibuprofen and nicotinamide cocrystals during extrusion based solvent free continuous cocrystallization (SFCC). Drug and co-former were gravimetrically fed into a heated co-rotating twin screw extruder to form cocrystals. Real-time process monitoring was performed using a high temperature NIR probe in the extruder die to assess cocrystal content and subsequently compared to off-line powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The effect of processing variables, such as temperature and mixing intensity, on the extent of cocrystal formation was investigated. NIR spectroscopy was sensitive to cocrystal formation with the appearance of new peaks and peak shifts, particularly in the 4800-5200 cm(-1) wave-number region. PXRD confirmed an increased conversion of the mixture into cocrystal with increase in barrel temperature and screw mixing intensity. A decrease in screw rotation speed also provided improved cocrystal yield due to the material experiencing longer residence times within the process. A partial least squares analysis in this region of NIR spectrum correlated well with PXRD data, providing a best fit with cocrystal conversion when a limited range of process conditions were considered, for example a single set temperature. The study suggests that NIR spectroscopy could be used to monitor cocrystal purity on an industrial scale using this continuous, solvent-free process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kelly
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - T Gough
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - R S Dhumal
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - S A Halsey
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Stafford House, Boundary Way, Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE, UK
| | - A Paradkar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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32
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Tumanov NA, Myz SA, Shakhtshneider TP, Boldyreva EV. Are meloxicam dimers really the structure-forming units in the ‘meloxicam–carboxylic acid’ co-crystals family? Relation between crystal structures and dissolution behaviour. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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James SL, Adams CJ, Bolm C, Braga D, Collier P, Friščić T, Grepioni F, Harris KDM, Hyett G, Jones W, Krebs A, Mack J, Maini L, Orpen AG, Parkin IP, Shearouse WC, Steed JW, Waddell DC. Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:413-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1921] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Chieng N, Rades T, Aaltonen J. An overview of recent studies on the analysis of pharmaceutical polymorphs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:618-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Arora KK, Tayade NG, Suryanarayanan R. Unintended water mediated cocrystal formation in carbamazepine and aspirin tablets. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:982-9. [PMID: 21548636 DOI: 10.1021/mp200043u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The water of crystallization released during dehydration of dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) mediated the cocrystal formation between carbamazepine (CBZ) and nicotinamide (NMA) in intact tablets. The dehydration of DCPD, the disappearance of the reactants (CBZ and NMA) and the appearance of the product (CBZ-NMA cocrystal) were simultaneously monitored by quantitative powder X-ray diffractometry. In a second model system, the water of crystallization released by the dehydration of DCPD caused the chemical decomposition of aspirin. Salicylic acid, one of the decomposition products, reacted with CBZ to form CBZ-salicylic acid cocrystal in tablets. This is the first report of cocrystal formation in intact tablets, demonstrating water mediated noncovalent synthesis in a multicomponent matrix. While the potential implications of such transformations, on both the mechanical and biopharmaceutical properties, can be profound, their characterization, using conventional solution based analytical techniques, can be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapildev K Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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36
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Bysouth SR, Bis JA, Igo D. Cocrystallization via planetary milling: enhancing throughput of solid-state screening methods. Int J Pharm 2011; 411:169-71. [PMID: 21439363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The application of a novel modified planetary mill, with the capacity to process 48 samples in parallel, to the rapid screening of pharmaceutical cocrystals via grinding is demonstrated for carbamazepine/saccharin, caffeine/oxalic acid, and caffeine/maleic acid cocrystals. Milling is performed directly in standard glass vials therefore no vessel decontamination is needed or sample loss occurs. Furthermore, successive sample processing can be employed without the need for additional material, making the system suitable for screening compounds of limited availability. Use of the system in an automated screening workflow of dispensing, milling, and analysis with high-throughput is also discussed.
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37
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Tumanov IA, Achkasov AF, Boldyreva EV, Boldyrev VV. Following the products of mechanochemical synthesis step by step. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Ibrahim AY, Forbes RT, Blagden N. Spontaneous crystal growth of co-crystals: the contribution of particle size reduction and convection mixing of the co-formers. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c004371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Lemmerer A, Esterhuysen C, Bernstein J. Synthesis, characterization, and molecular modeling of a pharmaceutical co-crystal: (2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid):(nicotinamide). J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:4054-71. [PMID: 20574994 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The active pharmaceutical ingredient 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (2c4n) is a potentially novel therapy for immunodeficiency diseases as an anti-viral and anti-cancer agent, and exists as a dimorph in the solid state. The Kofler hot stage contact method was employed to investigate the potential of preparing a co-crystal with nicotinamide (nic), a GRAS compound. The 1:1 co-crystal 1 was made using liquid-assisted grinding and solution crystallization experiments. The crystal structure determination of 1 reveals that the two molecules are associated via a carboxylic acid-pyridine hydrogen bond, while the nic forms a centrosymmetric R2(2)(8) dimer to ultimately form a ribbon architecture which is compared to other known co-crystals of nic. The melting point of the co-crystal is higher than the melting points of either of the pure components, indicating that the pharmaceutical co-crystal is thermally more stable than the pure pharmaceutical compound. The relative stability of the interactions in the co-crystal over the pure compounds is further supported by molecular modeling calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lemmerer
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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40
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Lemmerer A, Bernstein J, Kahlenberg V. One-pot covalent and supramolecular synthesis of pharmaceutical co-crystals using the API isoniazid: a potential supramolecular reagent. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c000473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Hou GG, Ma JP, Wang L, Wang P, Dong YB, Huang RQ. Co-crystallization of oxadiazole-bridged pyridyl-N-oxide building modules with R-aromatics (R = –OH, –NH2 and –COOH). CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b923810g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Lemmerer A, Bernstein J. The co-crystal of two GRAS substances: (citric acid)·(nicotinamide). Formation of four hydrogen bonding heterosynthons in one co-crystal. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b927422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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