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Öner E, Gök Y, Demir Y, Taskin-Tok T, Aktaş A, Gülçin İ, Yalın S. Benzimidazolium Salts Bearing Nitrile Moieties: Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition Profiling, and Molecular Docking Analysis for Carbonic Anhydrase and Acetylcholinesterase. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301362. [PMID: 37953698 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This report presents the synthesis and characterization of a range of benzimidazolium salts featuring 3-cyanopropyl groups on the 1st nitrogen atom and varied alkyl groups on the 3rd nitrogen atom within the benzimidazole structure. Benzimidazolium salts were synthesized by N-alkylation of 1-alkyl benzimidazole with 3-cyanopropyl-bromide. The new salts were characterized by 1 H and 13 C-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopic and elemental analysis techniques. In this study, the enzyme inhibition abilities of seven nitrile substituted benzimidazolium salts were investigated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and hCA II). They showed a highly potent inhibition effect on AChE, hCA I and hCA II (Ki values are in the range of 26.71-119.09 nM for AChE, 19.77 to 133.68 nM for hCA I and 13.09 to 266.38 nM for hCA II). Reflecting the binding mode of the synthesized cyanopropyl series, the importance of the 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl and 3-benzyl groups for optimal interactions with target proteins, evaluated by molecular docking studies. At the same time, the docking findings support the inhibition constants (Ki ) values of the related compounds in this study. Potential compounds were also evaluated by their pharmacokinetic properties were predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Öner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, 02040-, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Yetkin Gök
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280-, Malatya, Türkiye
- Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280-, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700, -Ardahan, Türkiye
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310-, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310-, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Aktaş
- Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280-, Malatya, Türkiye
- Vocational School of Health Service, Inonu University, 44280-, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240-, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Serap Yalın
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Türkiye
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2
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Żyro D, Sikora J, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI, Ochocki J. Silver, Its Salts and Application in Medicine and Pharmacy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15723. [PMID: 37958707 PMCID: PMC10650883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing properties of silver have been used since ancient times. The main aim of the study was to collect and review the literature on the clinical potential of silver, its salts and complex compounds. The second goal was to present an outline of the historical use of silver in medicine and pharmacy, taking into account the possibility of producing pharmaceutical drug forms on the premises of pharmacies. In the context of the growing resistance of microorganisms to available, widely used antibiotics, silver plays a key role. There is only one known case of bacterial resistance to silver-the Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, which naturally occurs in silver mines. The development of research in the field of coordination chemistry offers great opportunities in the design of new substances in which silver ions can be incorporated. These substances exhibit increased potency and often an extended antimicrobial spectrum. Silver-based compounds are, however, only limited to external applications, as opposed to their historic oral administration. Advanced studies of their physicochemical, microbiological, cytotoxic and genotoxic properties are ongoing and full of challenges. The improvement of the methods of synthesis gives the possibility of applying the newly synthesized compounds ex tempore, as was the case with the complex of metronidazole with silver (I) nitrate. Some of these experimental efforts performed in vitro are followed with clinical trials. The third and final goal of this study was to present the possibility of obtaining an ointment under the conditions of an actual pharmacy using silver (I) salts and a ligand, both of which are active substances with antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Żyro
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Omondi RO, Jaganyi D, Ojwach SO. Electronic and ring size effects of N-heterocyclic carbenes on the kinetics of ligand substitution reactions and DNA/protein interactions of their palladium(II) complexes. Biometals 2023; 36:1109-1123. [PMID: 37184626 PMCID: PMC10545578 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, substitution kinetics and DNA/BSA interactions of four cationic Pd(II) complexes [Pd(1)Cl]BF4 (Pd1), [Pd(2)Cl]BF4 (Pd2), [Pd(3)Cl]BF4 (Pd3) and [Pd(4)Cl]BF4 (Pd4), derived from the reaction of [PdCl2(NCCH3)2] with ligands 2,6-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)pyridine dibromide (1), 2,6-bis(3-ethylimidazolium-1-yl)pyridine dibromide (2), 2,6-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-thione)pyridine (3), and 2,6-bis(1-ethylimidazole-2-thione)pyridine (4), respectively are reported. The complexes were characterised by various spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray diffraction for compound Pd2. Kinetic reactivity of the complexes with the biologically relevant nucleophiles thiourea (Tu), L-methionine (L-Met) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt (5'-GMP) was in the order: Pd1 > Pd2 > Pd3 > Pd4, which was largely dependent on the electronic and ring size of the chelate ligands, consistent with Density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding titrations showed strong binding. Both the experimental and in silico data reveal CT-DNA intercalative binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinner O Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Ojwach
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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4
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Fernandez de Larrinoa P, Parmentier J, Kichler A, Achard T, Dontenwill M, Herold-Mende C, Fournel S, Frisch B, Heurtault B, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Triphenylphosphonium-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene platinum complexes [(NHC-TPP +)Pt] induce cell death of human glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Int J Pharm 2023:123071. [PMID: 37244463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of experimental and clinical evidence suggests that rare cell populations, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), play an important role in the development and therapeutic resistance of several cancers, including glioblastoma. Elimination of these cells is therefore of paramount importance. Interestingly, recent results have shown that the use of drugs that specifically disrupt mitochondria or induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis can efficiently kill cancer stem cells. In this context, a novel series of platinum(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) of the type [(NHC)PtI2(L)] modified with the mitochondria targeting group triphenylphosphonium were synthesized. After a complete characterization of the platinum complexes, the cytotoxicity against two different cancer cell lines, including a cancer stem cell line, was investigated. The best compound reduced the cell viability of both cell lines by 50% in the mM range, with an approximately 300-fold higher anticancer activity on the CSC line compared to oxaliplatin. Finally, mechanistic studies showed that the triphenylphosphonium functionalized platinum complexes significantly altered mitochondrial function and also induced atypical cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernandez de Larrinoa
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67083 Strasbourg, France; 3Bio Team, LCAMB, UMR7199 Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jordan Parmentier
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- 3Bio Team, LCAMB, UMR7199 Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Achard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR7021 Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route de Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosurgical Research, Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvie Fournel
- 3Bio Team, LCAMB, UMR7199 Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Frisch
- 3Bio Team, LCAMB, UMR7199 Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- 3Bio Team, LCAMB, UMR7199 Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67083 Strasbourg, France.
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5
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Jia T, Diane O, Ghosh D, Skander M, Fontaine G, Retailleau P, Poupon J, Bignon J, Moulai Siasia YM, Servajean V, Hue N, Betzer JF, Marinetti A, Bombard S. Anti-Cancer and Radio-Sensitizing Properties of New Bimetallic ( N-Heterocyclic Carbene)-Amine-Pt(II) Complexes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6836-6848. [PMID: 37191470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive NHC-transition metal complexes have shown promise as anti-cancer agents, but their potential use as radiosensitizers has been neglected so far. We disclose here a new series of bimetallic platinum(II) complexes displaying NHC-type bridging ligands, (bis-NHC)[trans-Pt(RNH2)I2]2, that have been synthesized via a simple, two-step procedure. They display cytotoxicity in the micromolar range on cancerous cell lines, accumulate in cells, and bind to genomic DNA, by inducing DNA damages. Notably, these bimetallic complexes demonstrate significant radiosensitizing effects on both ovarian cells A2780 and nonsmall lung carcinoma cells H1299. Further investigations revealed that bimetallic species make irradiation-induced DNA damages more persistent by inhibiting repair mechanisms. Indeed, a higher and persistent accumulation of both γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci post-irradiation was detected, in the presence of the NHC-Pt complexes. Overall, we provide the first in vitro evidence for the radiosensitizing properties of NHC-platinum complexes, which suggests their potential use in combined chemo-radio therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Oumar Diane
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Deepanjan Ghosh
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Myriem Skander
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Gaelle Fontaine
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Joël Poupon
- Hôpital Lariboisière, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75475, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Ytabelle Maga Moulai Siasia
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Nathalie Hue
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Jean-François Betzer
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Angela Marinetti
- CNRS-UPR2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Sophie Bombard
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
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6
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Sahu P, Jena AB, Barik S, Kisan HK, Isab AA, Dandapat J, Dinda J. Gold(III) assisted C-N bond dissociation; Synthesis, structure, photoluminescence, and pharmacokinetic studies of 1,10/- phenanthroline-gold(III)-N-heterocyclic carbene. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Al Nasr IS, Koko WS, Khan TA, Gürbüz N, Özdemir I, Hamdi N. Evaluation of Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Enzymatic Inhibitory Agents with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiparasitical and Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031359. [PMID: 36771026 PMCID: PMC9921063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of [RuCl2(p-cymene)(NHC)] complexes were obtained by reacting [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 with in situ generated Ag-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The structure of the obtained complexes was determined by the appropriate spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In addition, we evaluated the biological activities of these compounds as antienzymatic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiparasitic agents. The results revealed that complexes 3b and 3d were the most potent inhibitors against AchE with IC50 values of 2.52 and 5.06 μM mL-1. Additionally, 3d proved very good antimicrobial activity against all examined microorganisms with IZ (inhibition zone) over 25 mm and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) < 4 µM. Additionally, the ligand 2a and its corresponding ruthenium (II) complex 3a had good cytotoxic activity against both cancer cells HCT-116 and HepG-2, with IC50 values of (7.76 and 11.76) and (4.12 and 9.21) μM mL-1, respectively. Evaluation of the antiparasitic activity of these complexes against Leishmania major promastigotes and Toxoplasma gondii showed that ruthenium complexes were more potent than the free ligand, with an IC50 values less than 1.5 μM mL-1. However, 3d was found the best one with SI (selectivity index) values greater than 5 so it seems to be the best candidate for antileishmanial drug discovery program, and much future research are recommended for mode of action and in vivo evaluation. In general, Ru-NHC complexes are the most effective against L. major promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S. Al Nasr
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Koko
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at ArRass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-556394839
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8
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Novel PEPPSI-type N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, in silico studies and enzyme inhibitory properties against some metabolic enzymes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Tong KKH, Riisom M, Leung E, Hanif M, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. Impact of Coordination Mode and Ferrocene Functionalization on the Anticancer Activity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Half-Sandwich Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17226-17241. [PMID: 36240488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of phenyl rings in established drugs with ferrocenyl moieties has been reported to yield compounds with improved biological activity and alternative modes of action, often involving the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Translating this concept to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, we report here organometallics with a piano-stool structure that feature di- or tridentate ligand systems. The ligands impacted the cytotoxic activity of the NHC complexes, but the coordination modes seemed to have a limited influence, which may be related to the propensity of forming the same species in solution. In general, the stability of the complexes in an aqueous environment and their reactivity to selected biomolecules were largely dominated by the nature of the metal center. While the complexes promoted the formation of ROS, the levels did not correlate with their cytotoxic activity. However, the introduction of ferrocenyl moieties had a significant impact on the antiproliferative potency of the complexes and, in particular, some of the ferrocenyl-functionalized compounds yielded IC50 values in the low μM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K H Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mie Riisom
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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10
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Fontes JV, Santos IA, Rosa LB, Lima RLA, Jardim ACG, Miguel DC, Abbehausen C. Antileishmanial and Anti‐Chikungunya Activity of Cu(I)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josielle V. Fontes
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas - UNICAMP PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Igor A. Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlandia MG Brazil
| | - Letícia B. Rosa
- Institute of Biology University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-862 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Rochanna L. A. Lima
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas - UNICAMP PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ana C. G. Jardim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlandia MG Brazil
| | - Danilo C. Miguel
- Institute of Biology University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-862 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Camilla Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas - UNICAMP PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
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11
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Maity L, Barik S, Biswas R, Natarajan R, Dinda J. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Boosted Photoluminescence; Synthesis, Structures and Photophysical Properties of bpy/phen‐Au (III)‐NHC Complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahadev Barik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | - Raju Biswas
- CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata West Bengal India
| | | | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Bhubaneswar Odisha India
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12
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A novel tetrahedral silver complex of (z)-o-methyl s-hydrogen tosylcarbonimidothioate: DFT supported crystallographic and spectroscopic study. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ekinci O, Akkoç M, Khan S, Yasar S, Gürses C, Noma S, Balcıoğlu S, Sen B, Aygün M, Yılmaz İ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Au‐NHC complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Ekinci
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Mitat Akkoç
- Hekimhan Vocational College, Department of Property Protection and Security, Hekimhan Malatya Turgut Özal University Malatya Turkey
| | - Siraj Khan
- Quaid‐i‐Azam University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sedat Yasar
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Canbolat Gürses
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Samir Noma
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry Bursa Uludağ University Bursa Turkey
| | - Sevgi Balcıoğlu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services at Akyazı, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Sakarya Turkey
| | - Betül Sen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - İsmet Yılmaz
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
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14
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Carrasco CJ, Montilla F, Álvarez E, Calderón-Montaño JM, López-Lázaro M, Galindo A. Chirality influence on the cytotoxic properties of anionic chiral bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)silver complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111924. [PMID: 35841721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complexes Na3[Ag(NHCR)2], 2a-e and 2b'-c', where NHCR is a N-heterocyclic carbene of the 2,2'-(1H-2λ3,3λ4-imidazole-1,3-diyl)dicarboxylate type, were prepared by treatment of compounds HLR, 1a-e and 1b'-c' (2-(1-(carboxyalkyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)carboxylate), with silver oxide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. They were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (infrared, IR, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, and circular dichroism) and X-ray methods (2a). In the solid state, the anionic part of complex 2a, [Ag(NHCH)2]3-, shows a linear disposition of Ccarbene-Ag-Ccarbene atoms and an eclipsed conformation of the two NHC ligands. The proposed bis(NHC) nature of the silver complexes was maintained in solution according to NMR and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 2 was evaluated against four cancer cell lines and one non-cancerous cell line and several structure-activity correlations were found for these complexes. For instance, the activity decreased when the bulkiness of the R alkyl group in Na3[Ag(NHCR)2] increased. More interesting is the detected chirality-anticancer relationship, where complexes Na3[Ag{(S,S)-NHCR}2] (R = Me, 2b; iPr, 2c) showed better anticancer activity than those of their enantiomeric derivatives Na3[Ag{(R,R)-NHCR}2] (R = Me, 2b'; iPr, 2c').
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Carrasco
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Montilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Agustín Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Synthesis, in vitro anticancer activity and reactions with biomolecule of gold(I)-NHC carbene complexes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Türker D, Üstün E, Günal S, Yıldız H, D Düşünceli S, Özdemir İ. Cyanopropyl functionalized benzimidazolium salts and their silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and theoretical analysis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200041. [PMID: 35352839 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of N-substituted benzimidazole with 4-bromobutyronitrile gives the corresponding benzimidazolium salts as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors. Silver(I) carbene complexes are synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding benzimidazolium salts with Ag2 O in dichloromethane. These new NHC precursors and Ag-NHC complexes were characterized by spectroscopy techniques and also screened for their antibacterial activities against the standard bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and the standard fungal strains Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, and promising results were achieved. The compounds were also analyzed by density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT and docking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Türker
- Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elvan Üstün
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Selami Günal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yıldız
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serpil D Düşünceli
- Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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17
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Varna D, Christodoulou E, Gounari E, Apostolidou CP, Landrou G, Papi R, Koliakos G, Coutsolelos AG, Bikiaris DN, Angaridis P. Pegylated-polycaprolactone nano-sized drug delivery platforms loaded with biocompatible silver(I) complexes for anticancer therapeutics. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:857-872. [DOI: 10.1039/d2md00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic potential of Ag(I) coordination compounds against cancer cells is widely recognized, but their frequently low water solubility and potential adverse interactions of Ag(I) ions in biological media require their...
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18
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Varna D, Geromichalou E, Papachristou E, Papi R, Hatzidimitriou AG, Panteris E, Psomas G, Geromichalos GD, Aslanidis P, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Angaridis PA. Biocompatible silver(I) complexes with heterocyclic thioamide ligands for selective killing of cancer cells and high antimicrobial activity - A combined in vitro and in silico study. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 228:111695. [PMID: 35007963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic Ag(I) complexes bearing 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinethiol (dmp2SH), i.e., [AgCl(dmp2SH)(PPh3)2] (1), [Ag(dmp2SH)(PPh3)2]NO3 (2), [Ag(dmp2SΗ)(xantphos)]NO3 (3), [Ag(μ-dmp2S)(PPh3)]2 (4), [Ag(dmp2S)(xantphos)] (5), [Ag(μ-dmp2S)(DPEphos)]2 (6) (xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene and DPEPhos = bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) were synthesized. The complexes display systematic variation of particular structural characteristics which were proved to have a significant impact on their in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties. A moderate-to-high potential for bacteria growth inhibition was observed for all complexes, with 2, 3 and 5 being particularly effective against Gram-(+) bacteria (IC50 = 1.6-4.5 μM). The three complexes exhibit high in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells (IC50 = 0.32-3.00 μΜ), suggesting the importance of coordination unsaturation and cationic charge for effective bioactivity. A very low cytotoxicity against HDFa normal cells was observed, revealing a high degree of selectivity (selectivity index ~10) and, hence, biocompatibility. Fluorescence microscopy using 2 showed effective targeting on the membrane of the HeLa cancer cells, subsequently inducing cell death. Binding of the complexes to serum albumin proteins is reasonably strong for potential uptake and subsequent release to target sites. A moderate in vitro antioxidant capacity for free radicals scavenging was observed and a low potential to destroy the double-strand structure of calf-thymus DNA by intercalation, suggesting likely implication of these properties in the bioactivity mechanisms of these complexes. Further insight into possible mechanisms of bioactivity was obtained by molecular modeling calculations, by exploring their ability to act as potential inhibitors of DNA-gyrase, human estrogen receptor alpha, human cyclin-dependent kinase 6, and human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Varna
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Elena Geromichalou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Rigini Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Antonios G Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George D Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Aslanidis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis A Angaridis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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19
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Tolbatov I, Marrone A. Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Half-Sandwich Ru-, Os-, Rh-, and Ir-Based Complexes with Cysteine and Selenocysteine: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:746-754. [PMID: 34894670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure and the reactivity of four half-sandwich metal complexes of RuII, OsII, RhIII, and IrIII were investigated by means of density functional theory approaches. These piano-stool complexes, grouped in cym-bound complexes, RuII(cym)(dmb)Cl2, 1, and OsII(cym)(dmb)Cl2, 2, and Cp*-bound complexes, RhIII(Cp*)(dmb)Cl2, 3, and IrIII(Cp*)(dmb)Cl2, 4, with cym = η6-p-cymene, Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, and dmb = 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene, were recently proposed as anticancer metallodrugs that preferably target Cys- or Sec-containing proteins. Thus, density functional theory calculations were performed here to characterize in detail the thermodynamics and the kinetics underlining the targeting of these metallodrugs at either neutral or anionic Cys and Sec side chains. Calculations evidenced that all these complexes preferably target at Cys or Sec via chloro exchange, although cym-bound and Cp*-bound complexes resulted to be more prone to bind at neutral or anionic forms, respectively, of these soft protein sites. Further decomposition analyses of the activation free energies for the reaction between 1-4 complexes and either Cys or Sec, paralleled with the comparison among the optimized transition-state structures, allowed us to spotlight the significant role played by solvation in determining the overall reactivity and selectivity expected for these prototypical metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iogann Tolbatov
- Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Avenue Alain Savary 9, 25000 Dijon, France
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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20
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Rana BK, Roymahapatra G, Das HS, Giri S, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Nakka KK, Santra MK, Bag PP, Bertolasi V, Dinda J. Pyridine and pyrimidine functionalized half-sandwich Ru(II)-N heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, structures, spectra, electrochemistry and biological studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Hussaini SY, Haque RA, Haziz UF, Amirul A, Razali M. Dinuclear silver(I)- and gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of N-alkyl substituted bis-benzimidazol-2-ylidenes with aliphatic spacer: Synthesis, characterizations and antibacterial studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Ahmad Bhat I, Avinash I, Kumar Sachan S, Singh S, Anantharaman G. Efficient Synthesis of Cu(II)‐
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in Water and Their Activity Towards Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Iruthayaraj Avinash
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Sharad Kumar Sachan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India
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23
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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24
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Zakharchenko BV, Khomenko DM, Doroschuk RO, Raspertova IV, Shova S, Grebinyk AG, Grynyuk II, Prylutska SV, Matyshevska OP, Slobodyanik MS, Frohme M, Lampeka RD. Cis-Palladium(II) complex incorporating 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole: structure and cytotoxic activity. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Berthiot R, Giudice N, Douce L. Luminescent Imidazolium Salts as Bright Multi‐Faceted Tools for Biology. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Berthiot
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Giudice
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Laurent Douce
- Département des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
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26
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Tolbatov I, Marzo T, Coletti C, La Mendola D, Storchi L, Re N, Marrone A. Reactivity of antitumor coinage metal-based N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with cysteine and selenocysteine protein sites. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111533. [PMID: 34273714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the antitumor M(I)-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (M(I)-NHC) complexes, M = Cu, Ag, and Au, with their potential protein binding sites, i.e. cysteine and selenocysteine, was investigated by means of density functional theory approaches. Capped cysteine and selenocysteine were employed to better model the corresponding residues environment within peptide structures. By assuming the neutral or deprotonated form of the side chains of these amino acids and by considering the possible assistance of an external proton donor such as an adjacent acidic residue or the acidic component of the surrounding buffer environment, we devised five possible routes leading to the binding of the investigated M(I)-NHC scaffolds to these protein sites, reflecting their different location in the protein structure and exposure to the bulk. The targeting of either cysteine or selenocysteine in their neutral forms is a kinetically unfavored process, expected to be quite slow if observable at all at physiological temperature. On the other hand, the reaction with the deprotonated forms is much more favored, even though an external proton source is required to assist the protonation of the leaving carbene. Our calculations also show that all coinage metals are characterized by a similar reactivity toward the binding of cysteine and selenocysteine sites, although the Au(I) complex has significantly higher reaction and activation free energies compared to Cu(I) and Ag(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iogann Tolbatov
- Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté(UBFC), Avenue Alain Savary 9, 21078 Dijon, France; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CISUP - Centre for Instrumentation Sharing (Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica), University of Pisa, Italy; University Consortium for Research in the Chemistry of Metal ions in Biological Systems (CIRCMSB), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Coletti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; University Consortium for Research in the Chemistry of Metal ions in Biological Systems (CIRCMSB), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Loriano Storchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
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Huang S, Sheng X, Bian M, Yang Z, Lu Y, Liu W. Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activities of selenium N-heterocyclic carbene compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:435-444. [PMID: 34051050 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen novel selenium N-heterocyclic carbene (Se-NHC) compounds derived from 4,5-diarylimidazole were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as antiproliferative agents. Most of them were more effective toward A2780 ovarian cancer cells than HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Among them, the most active compound 2b was about fourfold more active than the positive control ebselen against A2780 cells. In addition, this compound displayed twofold higher cytotoxicity to A2780 cells than to IOSE80 normal ovarian epithelial cells. Further studies revealed that 2b could induce reactive oxygen species production, damage mitochondrial membrane potential, block the cells in the G0/G1 phase, and finally promote A2780 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Sheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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28
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Serdaroğlu G, Şahin N, Şahin-Bölükbaşı S, Üstün E. Novel Ag(I)-NHC complex: synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic activity, molecular docking, and quantum chemical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:21-36. [PMID: 34225394 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of organometallic complexes in cancer biology has attracted attention in recent years. In this paper, we look for the in vitro cytotoxic capability of novel benzimidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor (1) and its Ag(I)-NHC complex (2). For this purpose, these novel Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) was characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)). Then, in vitro cytotoxic activities of NHC precursor (1) and Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) were investigated against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 human breast, DU-145 prostate cancer cells, and L-929 healthy cells using MTT assay for 24, 48, and 72 h incubation times. Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) showed promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against all cell lines for three incubation times, with IC50 values lower than 5 µM. It was also determined that (NHC) precursor (1) were lower in vitro cytotoxic activity than Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) against all cell lines. Selectivity indexes (SIs) of Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) against cancer cells were found higher than 2 for 24 and 48 h incubation time. Besides, the electronic structure and spectroscopic data of the newly synthesized precursor and its Ag-complex have been supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking analysis. After, the anticancer activity of these compounds has been discussed considering the results of the frontier molecular orbital analysis. We hope that the obtained results from the experiments and computational tools will bring a new perspective to cancer research in terms of supported by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncagül Serdaroğlu
- Math. and Sci. Edu., Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Şahin
- Department of Basic Education, Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research, and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Elvan Üstün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
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Facile N9-Alkylation of Xanthine Derivatives and Their Use as Precursors for N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123705. [PMID: 34204439 PMCID: PMC8234118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The xanthine-derivatives 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-7-benzylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyl-7-(4-chlorobenzyl)xanthine are readily ethylated at N9 using the cheap alkylating agents ethyl tosylate or diethyl sulfate. The resulting xanthinium tosylate or ethyl sulfate salts can be converted into the corresponding PF6- and chloride salts. The reaction of these xanthinium salts with silver(I) oxide results in the formation of different silver(I) carbene-complexes. In the presence of ammonia, ammine complexes [Ag(NHC)(NH3)]PF6 are formed, whilst with Et2NH, the bis(carbene) salts [Ag(NHC)2]PF6 were isolated. Using the xanthinium chloride salts neutral silver(I) carbenes [Ag(NHC)Cl] were prepared. These silver complexes were used in a variety of transmetallation reactions to give the corresponding gold(I), ruthenium(II) as well as rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) complexes. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray diffraction.
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van der Westhuizen D, Slabber CA, Fernandes MA, Joubert DF, Kleinhans G, van der Westhuizen CJ, Stander A, Munro OQ, Bezuidenhout DI. A Cytotoxic Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)carbazolide Gold(III) Complex Targets DNA by Partial Intercalation. Chemistry 2021; 27:8295-8307. [PMID: 33822431 PMCID: PMC8251726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of bis(triazolium)carbazole precursors and their corresponding coinage metal (Au, Ag) complexes are reported. For alkylated triazolium salts, di- or tetranuclear complexes with bridging ligands were isolated, while the bis(aryl) analogue afforded a bis(carbene) AuI -CNC pincer complex suitable for oxidation to the redox-stable [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ cation. Although the ligand salt and the [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ complex were both notably cytotoxic toward the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, the AuIII complex was somewhat more selective. Electrophoresis, viscometry, UV-vis, CD and LD spectroscopy suggest the cytotoxic [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ complex behaves as a partial DNA intercalator. In silico screening indicated that the [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ complex can target DNA three-way junctions with good specificity, several other regular B-DNA forms, and Z-DNA. Multiple hydrophobic π-type interactions involving T and A bases appear to be important for B-form DNA binding, while phosphate O⋅⋅⋅Au interactions evidently underpin Z-DNA binding. The CNC ligand effectively stabilizes the AuIII ion, preventing reduction in the presence of glutathione. Both the redox stability and DNA affinity of the hit compound might be key factors underpinning its cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathryn A. Slabber
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Daniël F. Joubert
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Pretoria0031PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - George Kleinhans
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Pretoria0028PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - C. Johan van der Westhuizen
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Pretoria0028PretoriaSouth Africa
- Future Production: ChemicalsPharmaceutical Technologies Research GroupCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)0184PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - André Stander
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Pretoria0031PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Orde Q. Munro
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Daniela I. Bezuidenhout
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryEnvironmental and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Oulu3000OuluFinland
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Rana BK, Roymahapatra G, Das HS, Giri S, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Kiran N, Santra MK, Bag PP, Bertolasi V, Dinda J. Pyridine and pyrimidine functionalized half-sandwich Ru(II)-N heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, structures, spectra, electrochemistry and biological studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rufino-Felipe E, Colorado-Peralta R, Reyes-Márquez V, Valdés H, Morales-Morales D. Fluorinated-NHC Transition Metal Complexes: Leading Characters as Potential Anticancer Metallodrugs. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:938-948. [PMID: 32900353 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200908103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligands have been ubiquitous in biological and medicinal chemistry. Part of their success lies in the tremendous number of topologies that can be synthesized and thus finely tuned that have been described so far. This is particularly true in the case of those derivatives, including fluorine or fluorinated fragments on their NHC moieties, gaining much attention due to their enhanced biological properties and turning them into excellent candidates for the development of novel metallodrugs. Thus, this review summarizes the development that fluorinated-NHC transition metal complexes have had and their impact on cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rufino-Felipe
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Raúl Colorado-Peralta
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Oriente 6 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, C.P. 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Viviana Reyes-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico-Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n. CP 83000. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Hugo Valdés
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04510, Mexico
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Bär SI, Gold M, Schleser SW, Rehm T, Bär A, Köhler L, Carnell LR, Biersack B, Schobert R. Guided Antitumoural Drugs: (Imidazol-2-ylidene)(L)gold(I) Complexes Seeking Cellular Targets Controlled by the Nature of Ligand L. Chemistry 2021; 27:5003-5010. [PMID: 33369765 PMCID: PMC7986617 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Three [1,3-diethyl-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](L)gold(I) complexes, 4 a (L=Cl), 5 a (L=PPh3 ), and 6 a (L=same N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)), and their fluorescent [4-(anthracen-9-yl)-1,3-diethyl-5-phenylimidazol-2-ylidene](L)gold(I) analogues, 4 b, 5 b, and 6 b, respectively, were studied for their localisation and effects in cancer cells. Despite their identical NHC ligands, the last three accumulated in different compartments of melanoma cells, namely, the nucleus (4 b), mitochondria (5 b), or lysosomes (6 b). Ligand L was also more decisive for the site of accumulation than the NHC ligand because the couples 4 a/4 b, 5 a/5 b, and 6 a/6 b, carrying different NHC ligands, afforded similar results in cytotoxicity tests, and tests on targets typically found at their sites of accumulation, such as DNA in nuclei, reactive oxygen species and thioredoxin reductase in mitochondria, and lysosomal membranes. Regardless of the site of accumulation, cancer cell apoptosis was eventually induced. The concept of guiding a bioactive complex fragment to a particular subcellular target by secondary ligand L could reduce unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I. Bär
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Madeleine Gold
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Sebastian W. Schleser
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Tobias Rehm
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Alexander Bär
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Leonhard Köhler
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Lucas R. Carnell
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
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Pan T, Wang Y, Liu FS, Lin H, Zhou Y. Copper(I)–NHCs complexes: Synthesis, characterization and their inhibition against the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Selvakumar J, Simpson SM, Zurek E, Arumugam K. An electrochemically controlled release of NHCs using iron bis(dithiolene) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of five coordinated [Fe(NHC)(S2C2R2)2] complexes were isolated and subjected to electrochemical reduction for the facile release of NHCs in the catalytic media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Bonaventure University
- St. Bonaventure
- USA
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo
- USA
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Maldonado N, Amo-Ochoa P. The role of coordination compounds in virus research. Different approaches and trends. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2310-2323. [PMID: 33496298 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04066e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of the studies focused on using coordination compounds as antiviral agents against different types of viruses. We present various strategies so far used to this end. This article is divided into two sections. The first collects the series of designed antiviral drugs based on coordination compounds. This approach has been developed for many years, starting from the 70s with the discovery of cis-platin (cis-DDP). It has been mainly focused on studying the synergistic effect of a wide variety of new compounds obtained by combining metal ions with organic antiviral ligands. Then, we collect various strategies analyzing the coordination compounds interacting with viruses using different processes such as wrapping viruses, rapid detection of RNA or DNA virus, or nanocarriers. These recent and novel insights help to study viruses from other points of view, allowing to measure their physical and chemical properties. We also highlight a section in which the issue of viruses from a disinfection viewpoint is addressed, using coordination compounds as a tool able to control the release of antiviral and biocide agents. This is an emerging and promising field but this approach is actually little developed. We finally provide a section with a general conclusion and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Maldonado
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Amo-Ochoa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IADCHEM). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Haraguchi R, Yamazaki T, Torita K, Ito T, Fukuzawa SI. Planar-chiral ferrocene-based triazolylidene copper complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalysis in asymmetric borylation of α,β-unsaturated ester. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17578-17583. [PMID: 33231226 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidenes have recently attracted considerable attention as versatile ligands because of their strong electron-donating properties and structural diversities. While some efforts have been devoted to the development of chiral triazolylidene-metal complexes, there is no example achieving asymmetric induction by base-metal complexes with triazolylidene ligands. Herein, we synthesized planar-chiral ferrocene-based triazolylidene copper complexes, which enabled the asymmetric borylation of methyl cinnamate with bis(pinacolato)diboron with good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan.
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Touj N, Nasr ISA, Koko WS, Khan TA, Özdemir I, Yasar S, Mansour L, Alresheedi F, Hamdi N. Anticancer, antimicrobial and antiparasitical activities of copper(I) complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands bearing aryl substituents. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1836359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim S. Al Nasr
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Koko
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yasar
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alresheedi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
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Biological Activities of NHC–Pd(II) Complexes Based on Benzimidazolylidene N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands Bearing Aryl Substituents. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors (2a–i), their pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI)-themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (3a–i) and palladium N-heterocyclic triphenylphosphines complexes (4a–i) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and LC–MS spectroscopic techniques. The (NHC)Pd(II) complexes 3–4 were tested against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans microorganisms, Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes, Toxoplasma gondii parasites, and Vero cells in vitro. The biological assays indicated that all compounds are highly active against cancer cells, with an IC50 < 1.5 µg mL−1. Eight compounds proved antibacterial and antileishmanial activities, while only three compounds had strong antifungal activities against C. albicans. In our conclusion, compounds 3 (b, f, g, and h) and 4b are the most suitable drug candidates for anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitical.
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Rodriguez Villanueva JE, Wiebe MA, Lavoie GG. Coordination and Reactivity Studies of Titanium Complexes of Monoanionic Inversely Polarized Phosphaalkene–Ethenolate Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew A. Wiebe
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Gino G. Lavoie
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Synthesis and Biological Studies on Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes with Di-( N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands Functionalized with Carbohydrates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173850. [PMID: 32847116 PMCID: PMC7503629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of novel metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands that display biological activity is an active research field in organometallic chemistry. One of the possible approaches consists of the use of NHC ligands functionalized with a carbohydrate moiety. Two novel Au(I)–Au(I) dinuclear complexes were synthesized; they present a neutral structure with one bridging diNHC ligand, having one or both heterocyclic rings decorated with a carbohydrate functionality. With the symmetric diNHC ligand, the dicationic dinuclear complex bearing two bridging diNHC ligands was also synthesized. The study was completed by analyzing the antiproliferative properties of these complexes, which were compared to the activity displayed by similar mononuclear Au(I) complexes and by the analogous bimetallic Au(I)–Au(I) complex not functionalized with carbohydrates.
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Bui TQ, Phuong Loan HT, Ai My TT, Quang DT, Phuong Thuy BT, Nhan VD, Quy PT, Van Tat P, Dao DQ, Trung NT, Huynh LK, Ai Nhung NT. A density functional theory study on silver and bis-silver complexes with lighter tetrylene: are silver and bis-silver carbenes candidates for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition? Insight from molecular docking simulation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30961-30974. [PMID: 35516033 PMCID: PMC9056359 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribavirin and remdesivir have been preclinically reported as potential drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while light silver tetrylene complexes (NHEPh-AgCl and (NHEPh-AgCl)2 with E = C, Si, and Ge) have gained significant interest due to their promising applicability on the cytological scale. Firstly, the structures and bonding states of silver-tetrylene complexes (NHE-Ag) and bis-silver-tetrylene complexes (NHE-Ag-bis) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at the BP86 level with the def2-SVP and def2-TZVPP basis sets. Secondly, the inhibitory capabilities of the carbene complexes (NHC-Ag and NHC-Ag-bis) and the two potential drugs (ribavirin and remdesivir) on human-protein ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 protease PDB6LU7 were evaluated using molecular docking simulation. The carbene ligand NHC bonds in a head-on configuration with AgCl and (AgCl)2, whereas, the other NHE (E = Si and Ge) tetrylene ligands bond in a side-on mode to the metal fragments. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the NHE-Ag bond in the complex families follows the order of NHC-Ag > NHSi-Ag > NHGe-Ag and NHSi-Ag-bis > NHGe-Ag-bis > NHC-Ag-bis. The natural bond orbital analysis implies that the [NHEPh→AgCl] and [(NHEPh)2→(AgCl)2] donations are derived mainly from the σ- and π-contributions of the ligands. The docking results indicate that both the ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins are strongly inhibited by silver-carbene NHC-Ag, bis-silver-carbene NHC-Ag-bis, ribavirin, and remdesivir with the docking score energy values varying from -17.5 to -16.5 kcal mol-1 and -16.9 to -16.6 kcal mol-1, respectively. The root-mean-square deviation values were recorded to be less than 2 Å in all the calculated systems. Thus, the present study suggests that silver-carbene NHC-Ag and bis-silver-carbene NHC-Ag-bis complexes are potential candidates to inhibit ACE2 and PDB6LU7, and thus potentially conducive to prevent infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Q Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City 530000 Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Phuong Loan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City 530000 Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Ai My
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City 530000 Vietnam
| | - Duong Tuan Quang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University Hue City 530000 Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Phuong Thuy
- Faculty of Fundamental Science, Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Vo Duy Nhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nam Can Tho University 94000 Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Department of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay Nguyen University Buon Ma Thuot City 630000 Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Tat
- Institute of Development and Applied Economics, Hoa Sen University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Trung
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modeling, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University Quy Nhon City 590000 Vietnam
| | - Lam K Huynh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, International University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City 530000 Vietnam
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Syntheses and Reactivity of New Zwitterionic Imidazolium Trihydridoborate and Triphenylborate Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143184. [PMID: 32668604 PMCID: PMC7397317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four new N-(alkyl/aryl)imidazolium-borates were prepared, and their deprotonation reactions were investigated. Addition of BH3•THF to N-benzylimidazoles and N-mesitylimidazoles leads to imidazolium-trihydridoborate adducts. Ammonium tetraphenylborate reacts with benzyl- or mesityl-imidazoles with the loss of one of the phenyl groups yielding the corresponding imidazolium-triphenylborates. Their authenticity was confirmed by CHN analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 11B-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). 3-Benzyl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImBn)BH3, and (3-mesityl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImMes)BH3, were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The reactivity of these new compounds as carbene precursors in an effort to obtain borate-NHC complexes was investigated and a new carbene-borate adduct (which dimerizes) was obtained via a microwave-assisted procedure.
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Cervantes‐Reyes A, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Sterically Demanding Ag I and Cu I N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Steric Parameters, and Catalytic Activity. Chemistry 2020; 26:5530-5540. [PMID: 32104933 PMCID: PMC7216994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and full characterization of new air-stable AgI and CuI complexes bearing structurally bulky expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbene (erNHC) ligands is presented. The condensation of protonated NHC salts with Ag2 O afforded a collection of AgI complexes, and their first use as ligand transfer reagents led to novel isostructural CuI or AuI complexes. In situ deprotonation of the NHC salts in the presence of a copper(I) source, provides a library of new CuI complexes. The solid-state structures feature large N-CNHC -N angles (118-128°) and almost identical angles between the aryl groups on the nitrogen atoms and the plane of the N-C-N unit of the carbene (i.e. torsion angles close to 0°). Among the steric parameters, the percent buried volume (%Vbur ) values span easily in the 50-57 % range, and that one of (9-Dipp)CuBr complex (%Vbur =57.5) overcomes to other known erNHC-metal complexes reported to date. Preliminary catalytic experiments in the copper-catalyzed coupling between N-tosylhydrazone and phenylacetylene, afforded 76-93 % product at the 0.5-2.5 mol % catalyst loading, proving the stability of CuI erNHC complexes at elevated temperatures (100 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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Gallati CM, Goetzfried SK, Ausserer M, Sagasser J, Plangger M, Wurst K, Hermann M, Baecker D, Kircher B, Gust R. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of bromido[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5471-5481. [PMID: 32255443 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bromido[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes (8a-h) with methoxy, methyl and fluorine substituents at different positions of the 4-aryl ring were synthesized and characterized. The relevance of the 2-methoxypyridin-5-yl residue and the substituents at the 4-aryl ring with regard to the activity against a series of cell lines was determined. Particularly against the Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780cis, the most active bromido[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complex 8c was more active than Auranofin. It also inhibited thioredoxin reductase more effectively and induced high amounts of reactive oxygen species in A2780cis cells. Furthermore, its influence on non-cancerous SV 80 lung fibroblasts was lower than that of Auranofin. This fact, together with a high accumulation rate in tumor cells, determined on the example of MCF-7 cells, makes this complex an interesting candidate for further extensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gallati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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46
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Guarra F, Busto N, Guerri A, Marchetti L, Marzo T, García B, Biver T, Gabbiani C. Cytotoxic Ag(I) and Au(I) NHC-carbenes bind DNA and show TrxR inhibition. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:110998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Mohamed HA, Shepherd S, William N, Blundell HA, Das M, Pask CM, Lake BRM, Phillips RM, Nelson A, Willans CE. Silver(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from Clotrimazole: Antiproliferative Activity and Interaction with an Artificial Membrane-Based Biosensor. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Mohamed
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Samantha Shepherd
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Nicola William
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen A. Blundell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Madhurima Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Christopher M. Pask
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Benjamin R. M. Lake
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Roger M. Phillips
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Andrew Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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48
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Gascón E, Maisanaba S, Otal I, Valero E, Repetto G, Jones PG, Jiménez J. (Amino)cyclophosphazenes as Multisite Ligands for the Synthesis of Antitumoral and Antibacterial Silver(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2464-2483. [PMID: 31984738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the multisite (amino)cyclotriphosphazene ligands, [N3P3(NHCy)6] and [N3P3(NHCy)3(NMe2)3], has been explored in order to obtain silver(I) metallophosphazene complexes. Two series of cationic silver(I) metallophosphazenes were obtained and characterized: [N3P3(NHCy)6{AgL}n](TfO)n [n = 2, L = PPh3 (2), PPh2Me (4); n = 3, L = PPh3 (3), PPh2Me (5), TPA (TPA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, 6)] and nongem-trans-[N3P3(NHCy)3(NMe2)3{AgL}n](TfO)n [n = 2, L = PPh3 (7), PPh2Me (9); n = 3, L = PPh3 (8), PPh2Me (10)]. 5, 7, and 9 have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thereby allowing key bonding information to be obtained. Compounds 2-6, 9, and 10 were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity against two tumor human cell lines, MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and for antimicrobial activity against five bacterial species including Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Mycobacteria strains. Both the IC50 and MIC values revealed excellent biological activity for these metal complexes, compared with their precursors and cisplatin and also AgNO3 and silver sulfadiazine, respectively. Both IC50 and MIC values are among the lowest values found for any silver derivatives against the cell lines and bacterial strains used in this work. The structure-activity relationships were clear. The most cytotoxic and antimicrobial derivatives were those with the triphenylphosphane and [N3P3(NHCy)6] ligands. A significant improvement in the activity was also observed upon a rise in the number of silver atoms linked to the phosphazene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gascón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Isabel Otal
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza 50009 , Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III , CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias , E-28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eva Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área Nutrición y Bromatología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Guillermo Repetto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Área de Toxicología , Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Ctra. Utrera, Km 1 , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , D-38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Josefina Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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49
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Budagumpi S, Keri RS, Achar G, Brinda KN. Coinage Metal Complexes of Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Syntheses and Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University, Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112, Karnataka India
| | - Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University, Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112, Karnataka India
| | - Gautam Achar
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University, Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112, Karnataka India
| | - K. N. Brinda
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University, Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112, Karnataka India
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50
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Beillard A, Quintin F, Gatignol J, Retailleau P, Renaud JL, Gaillard S, Métro TX, Lamaty F, Bantreil X. Solving the challenging synthesis of highly cytotoxic silver complexes bearing sterically hindered NHC ligands with mechanochemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12592-12598. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Challenging silver(i) NHC complexes displaying cytotoxicity 256 times higher than cisplatin were synthesized by ball-milling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
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