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Camp OG, Moussa DN, Hsu R, Awonuga AO, Abu-Soud HM. The interplay between oxidative stress, zinc, and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05113-x. [PMID: 39266804 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a functional endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology that has been associated with chronic disease and comorbidities including adverse metabolic and cardiac disorders. This review aims to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and zinc in the metabolic dysfunction observed in PCOS, with a focus on insulin resistance. Recent studies indicate that oxidative stress markers are elevated in PCOS and correlate with hyperandrogenemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. Zinc, an essential trace element, is crucial for metabolic processes, particularly in the pancreas for beta-cell function and glucagon secretion. Insufficient zinc levels have been linked to diabetes, obesity, and lipid metabolism disorders. This review aims to highlight the interplay between oxidative stress, zinc, and metabolic dysfunction in PCOS, suggesting that zinc supplementation could mitigate some metabolic and endocrine manifestations of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Camp
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Daniel N Moussa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Richard Hsu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Awoniyi O Awonuga
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Husam M Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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2
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Price S, Que EL. Probing metalloenzyme dynamics in living systems: Contemporary advances in fluorescence imaging tools and applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102475. [PMID: 38852500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are essential to cellular function, and their overexpression or enhanced activation are potential therapeutic targets. However, the study of metalloenzymes in vitro presents various challenges, leading many to develop tools to study them in their native cellular environment. Small-molecule fluorescence probes are commonly used to monitor metalloenzyme function, activity, and distribution in situ. These include probes that are activity-based (fluorescence is mediated by enzyme activity) or binding-based (fluorescence is mediated by interactions with the enzyme upon binding its metal cofactor). We discuss recent innovations that overcome key design challenges, such as the rapid diffusion of activity-based probes, the difficulty of probing redox-active enzymes, the selectivity of binding-based probes, and the poor penetration depth of fluorescence, and describe novel applications of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky Price
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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3
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Jakobs J, Bertram J, Rink L. Ca 2+ signals are essential for T-cell proliferation, while Zn 2+ signals are necessary for T helper cell 1 differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:336. [PMID: 39043646 PMCID: PMC11266428 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of T-cell fate is crucial for the balance between infection control and tolerance. Calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) signals are both induced after T-cell stimulation, but their specific roles in the fate of activation and differentiation remain to be elucidated. Are Zn2+- and Ca2+ signals responsible for different aspects in T-cell activation and differentiation and do they act in concert or in opposition? It is crucial to understand the interplay of the intracellular signals to influence the fate of T cells in diseases with undesirable T-cell activities or in Zn2+-deficient patients. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with the Zn2+ ionophore pyrithione and thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). Intracellular Zn2+ and Ca2+ signals were monitored by flow cytometry and ELISA, quantitative PCR and western blot were used to evaluate T-cell differentiation and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that Zn2+ signals upregulated the early T-cell activation marker CD69, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF-10) expression, which are important for T helper cell (Th) 1 differentiation. Ca2+ signals, on the other hand, increased T-bet and Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression and interleukin (IL)-2 release. Most interestingly, the combination of Zn2+ and Ca2+ signals was indispensable to induce interferon (IFN)-γ expression and increased the surface expression of CD69 by several-fold. These results highlight the importance of the parallel occurrence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ signals. Both signals act in concert and are required for the differentiation into Th1 cells, for the stabilization of regulatory T cells, and induces T-cell activation by several-fold. This provides further insight into the impaired immune functions of patients with zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakobs
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Sieg JP. A Divalent Metal Cation-Metabolite Interaction Model Reveals Cation Buffering and Speciation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1709-1717. [PMID: 38975737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
I present the perspective that the divalent metalome and the metabolome can be modeled as a network of chelating interactions instead of separate entities. I review progress in understanding the complex cellular environment, in particular recent contributions to modeling metabolite-Mg2+ interactions. I then demonstrate a simple extension of these strategies based approximately on intracellular Escherichia coli concentrations. This model is composed of four divalent metal cations with a range of cellular concentrations and physical properties (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+), eight representative metabolites, and interaction constants. I applied this model to predict the speciation of divalent metal cations between free and metabolite-chelated species. This approach reveals potentially beneficial properties, including maintenance of free divalent metal cations at biologically relevant concentrations, buffering of free divalent metal cations, and enrichment of functional metabolite-chelated species. While currently limited by available interaction coefficients, this modeling strategy can be generalized to more complex systems. In summary, biochemists should consider the potential of cellular metabolites to form chelating interactions with divalent metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Sieg
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Gucký A, Hamuľaková S. Targeting Biometals in Alzheimer's Disease with Metal Chelating Agents Including Coumarin Derivatives. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:507-532. [PMID: 38829443 PMCID: PMC11182807 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes happening in the human body, including cerebral development and function, require the participation of biometal ions such as iron, copper, and zinc. Their dyshomeostasis may, however, contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases. Chelation of biometal ions is therefore a therapeutic strategy against AD. This review provides a survey of natural and synthetic chelating agents that are or could potentially be used to target the metal hypothesis of AD. Since metal dyshomeostasis is not the only pathological aspect of AD, and the nature of this disorder is very complex and multifactiorial, the most efficient therapeutics should target as many neurotoxic factors as possible. Various coumarin derivatives match this description and apart from being able to chelate metal ions, they exhibit the capacity to inhibit cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) while also possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and numerous other beneficial effects. Compounds based on the coumarin scaffold therefore represent a desirable class of anti-AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gucký
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Slávka Hamuľaková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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6
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Holtzen SE, Rakshit A, Palmer AE. Protocol for measuring labile cytosolic Zn 2+ using an in situ calibration of a genetically encoded FRET sensor. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103130. [PMID: 38870018 PMCID: PMC11225890 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) plays roles in structure, catalysis, and signaling. The majority of cellular Zn2+ is bound by proteins, but a fraction of total Zn2+ exists in a labile form. Here, we present a protocol for measuring labile cytosolic Zn2+ using an in situ calibration of a genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor. We describe steps for producing buffered Zn2+ solutions for performing an imaging-based calibration and analyzing the imaging data generated to determine labile Zn2+ concentration in single cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rakshit and Holtzen et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Holtzen
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Biochemistry, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ananya Rakshit
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Biochemistry, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Amy E Palmer
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Biochemistry, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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7
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Łuczkowski M, Leszczyńska W, Wątły J, Clemens S, Krężel A. Phytochelatins Bind Zn(II) with Micro- to Picomolar Affinities without the Formation of Binuclear Complexes, Exhibiting Zinc Buffering and Muffling Rather than Storing Functions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10915-10931. [PMID: 38845098 PMCID: PMC11191002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) are poly-Cys peptides containing a repeating γ-Glu-Cys motif synthesized in plants, algae, certain fungi, and worms by PC synthase from reduced glutathione. It has been shown that an excess of toxic metal ions induces their biosynthesis and that they are responsible for the detoxification process. Little is known about their participation in essential metal binding under nontoxic, basal conditions under which PC synthase is active. This study presents spectroscopic and thermodynamic interactions with the PC2-PC5 series, mainly focusing on the relations between Zn(II) complex stability and cellular Zn(II) availability. The investigations employed mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, potentiometry, competition assays with zinc probes, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). All peptides form ZnL complexes, while ZnL2 was found only for PC2, containing two to four sulfur donors in the coordination sphere. Binuclear species typical of Cd(II)-PC complexes are not formed in the case of Zn(II). Results demonstrate that the affinity for Zn(II) increases linearly from PC2 to PC4, ranging from micro- to low-picomolar. Further elongation does not significantly increase the stability. Stability elevation is driven mainly by entropic factors related to the chelate effect and conformational restriction rather than enthalpic factors related to the increasing number of sulfur donors. The affinity of the investigated PCs falls within the range of exchangeable Zn(II) concentrations (hundreds of pM) observed in plants, supporting for the first time a role of PCs both in buffering and in muffling cytosolic Zn(II) concentrations under normal conditions, not exposed to zinc excess, where short PCs have been identified in numerous studies. Furthermore, we found that Cd(II)-PC complexes demonstrate significantly higher metal capacities due to the formation of polynuclear species, which are lacking for Zn(II), supporting the role of PCs in Cd(II) storage (detoxification) and Zn(II) buffering and muffling. Our results on phytochelatins' coordination chemistry and thermodynamics are important for zinc biology and understanding the molecular basis of cadmium toxicity, leaving room for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Łuczkowski
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Leszczyńska
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wątły
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department
of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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8
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Yang Y, Fan H, Guo Z. Modulation of Metal Homeostasis for Cancer Therapy. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300624. [PMID: 38315756 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and calcium are essential for normal cellular processes, including DNA synthesis, enzyme activity, cellular signaling, and oxidative stress regulation. When the balance of metal homeostasis is disrupted, it can lead to various pathological conditions, including cancer. Thus, understanding the role of metal homeostasis in cancer has led to the development of anti-tumor strategies that specifically target the metal imbalance. Up to now, diverse small molecule-based chelators, ionophores, metal complexes, and metal-based nanomaterials have been developed to restore the normal balance of metals or exploit the dysregulation for therapeutic purposes. They hold great promise in inhibiting tumor growth, preventing metastasis, and enhancing the effectiveness of existing cancer therapies. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed to modulate the homeostasis of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and calcium for cancer therapy. Their modulation mechanisms for metal homeostasis are succinctly described, and their recent applications in the field of cancer therapy are discussed. At the end, the limitations of these approaches are addressed, and potential avenues for future developments are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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9
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Elitt CM, Ross MM, Wang J, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2024; 831:137727. [PMID: 38467270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes develop through sequential stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an important area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature MBP+ oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al., 2018). We performed a more detailed developmental study to better understand the temporal course of zinc homeostasis across the oligodendrocyte lineage. Using chromis-1, we found a transient increase in free zinc after O4+,O1- pre-oligodendrocytes were switched from proliferation medium into terminal differentiation medium. To gather other evidence for dynamic regulation of free zinc during oligodendrocyte development, qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of major zinc storage proteins metallothioneins (MTs) and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1), which controls expression of MTs. MT1, MT2 and MTF1 mRNAs were increased several fold in mature oligodendrocytes compared to oligodendrocytes in proliferation medium. To assess the depth of the zinc buffer, we assayed zinc release from intracellular stores using the oxidizing thiol reagent 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). Exposure to DTDP resulted in ∼ 100% increase in free zinc in pre-oligodendrocytes but, paradoxically more modest ∼ 60% increase in mature oligodendrocytes despite increased expression of MTs. These results suggest that zinc homeostasis is regulated during oligodendrocyte development, that oligodendrocytes are a useful model for studying zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system, and that regulation of zinc homeostasis may be important in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Elitt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Madeline M Ross
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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10
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Lilay GH, Thiébaut N, du Mee D, Assunção AGL, Schjoerring JK, Husted S, Persson DP. Linking the key physiological functions of essential micronutrients to their deficiency symptoms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:881-902. [PMID: 38433319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we untangle the physiological key functions of the essential micronutrients and link them to the deficiency responses in plants. Knowledge of these responses at the mechanistic level, and the resulting deficiency symptoms, have improved over the last decade and it appears timely to review recent insights for each of them. A proper understanding of the links between function and symptom is indispensable for an accurate and timely identification of nutritional disorders, thereby informing the design and development of sustainable fertilization strategies. Similarly, improved knowledge of the molecular and physiological functions of micronutrients will be important for breeding programmes aiming to develop new crop genotypes with improved nutrient-use efficiency and resilience in the face of changing soil and climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay Hailu Lilay
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Noémie Thiébaut
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
- Earth and Life Institute, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Dorine du Mee
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
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11
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Jakobs J, Rink L. Zinc Ionophore Pyrithione Mimics CD28 Costimulatory Signal in CD3 Activated T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4302. [PMID: 38673887 PMCID: PMC11050009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in T cell immunity. During T cell activation, zinc is not only structurally important, but zinc signals can also act as a second messenger. This research investigates zinc signals in T cell activation and their function in T helper cell 1 differentiation. For this purpose, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated via the T cell receptor-CD3 complex, and via CD28 as a costimulatory signal. Fast and long-term changes in intracellular zinc and calcium were monitored by flow cytometry. Further, interferon (IFN)-γ was analyzed to investigate the differentiation into T helper 1 cells. We show that fast zinc fluxes are induced via CD3. Also, the intracellular zinc concentration dramatically increases 72 h after anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation, which goes along with the high release of IFN-γ. Interestingly, we found that zinc signals can function as a costimulatory signal for T helper cell 1 differentiation when T cells are activated only via CD3. These results demonstrate the importance of zinc signaling alongside calcium signaling in T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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12
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Hershfinkel M. Cross-talk between zinc and calcium regulates ion transport: A role for the zinc receptor, ZnR/GPR39. J Physiol 2024; 602:1579-1594. [PMID: 37462604 DOI: 10.1113/jp283834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is essential for many physiological functions, with a major role in digestive system, skin health, and learning and memory. On the cellular level, zinc is involved in cell proliferation and cell death. A selective zinc sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39 is a Gq-coupled receptor that acts via the inositol trisphosphate pathway to release intracellular Ca2+. The ZnR/GPR39 serves as a mediator between extracellular changes in Zn2+ concentration and cellular Ca2+ signalling. This signalling pathway regulates ion transporters activity and thereby controls the formation of transepithelial gradients or neuronal membrane potential, which play a fundamental role in the physiological function of these tissues. This review focuses on the role of Ca2+ signalling, and specifically ZnR/GPR39, with respect to the regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE1, and of the K+/Cl- cotransporters, KCC1-3, and also describes the physiological implications of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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13
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Yang F, Smith MJ, Siow RC, Aarsland D, Maret W, Mann GE. Interactions between zinc and NRF2 in vascular redox signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:269-278. [PMID: 38372426 PMCID: PMC10903478 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights the importance of trace metal micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) in coronary and vascular diseases. Zn2+ plays a signalling role in modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protects the endothelium against oxidative stress by up-regulation of glutathione synthesis. Excessive accumulation of Zn2+ in endothelial cells leads to apoptotic cell death resulting from dysregulation of glutathione and mitochondrial ATP synthesis, whereas zinc deficiency induces an inflammatory phenotype, associated with increased monocyte adhesion. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor known to target hundreds of different genes. Activation of NRF2 affects redox metabolism, autophagy, cell proliferation, remodelling of the extracellular matrix and wound healing. As a redox-inert metal ion, Zn has emerged as a biomarker in diagnosis and as a therapeutic approach for oxidative-related diseases due to its close link to NRF2 signalling. In non-vascular cell types, Zn has been shown to modify conformations of the NRF2 negative regulators Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and to promote degradation of BACH1, a transcriptional suppressor of select NRF2 genes. Zn can affect phosphorylation signalling, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinases and protein kinase C, which facilitate NRF2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Notably, several NRF2-targeted proteins have been suggested to modify cellular Zn concentration via Zn exporters (ZnTs) and importers (ZIPs) and the Zn buffering protein metallothionein. This review summarises the cross-talk between reactive oxygen species, Zn and NRF2 in antioxidant responses of vascular cells against oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Richard C.M. Siow
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, U.K
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, U.K
| | - Giovanni E. Mann
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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14
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Moretti AIS, Baksheeva VE, Roman AY, De Bessa TC, Devred F, Kovacic H, Tsvetkov PO. Exploring the Influence of Zinc Ions on the Conformational Stability and Activity of Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2095. [PMID: 38396772 PMCID: PMC10889200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between metal ion binding and the activity of thiol proteins, particularly within the protein disulfide isomerase family, remains an area of active investigation due to the critical role that these proteins play in many vital processes. This research investigates the interaction between recombinant human PDIA1 and zinc ions, focusing on the subsequent implications for PDIA1's conformational stability and enzymatic activity. Employing isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, we systematically compared the zinc binding capabilities of both oxidized and reduced forms of PDIA1 and assessed the structural consequences of this interaction. Our results demonstrate that PDIA1 can bind zinc both in reduced and oxidized states, but with significantly different stoichiometry and more pronounced conformational effects in the reduced form of PDIA1. Furthermore, zinc binding was observed to inhibit the catalytic activity of reduced-PDIA1, likely due to induced alterations in its conformation. These findings unveil a potential regulatory mechanism in PDIA1, wherein metal ion binding under reductive conditions modulates its activity. Our study highlights the potential role of zinc in regulating the catalytic function of PDIA1 through conformational modulation, suggesting a nuanced interplay between metal binding and protein stability in the broader context of cellular redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory (LIM64), School of Medicine, Heart Institute (InCor), Cardiopneumology Department, University of São Paulo, Campus Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Viktoria E. Baksheeva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Andrei Yu. Roman
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Tiphany Coralie De Bessa
- Vascular Biology Laboratory (LIM64), School of Medicine, Heart Institute (InCor), Cardiopneumology Department, University of São Paulo, Campus Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - François Devred
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Philipp O. Tsvetkov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
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15
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Maret W. Chemistry meets biology in the coordination dynamics of metalloproteins. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112431. [PMID: 38016325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal sites in proteins are often presented in an idealized way that does not capture the intrinsic dynamic behavior of the protein or the extrinsic factors that affect changes in the coordination of the metal ion in biological space and time. The bioinorganic chemistry possible in healthy and diseased living organisms is limited by prevailing pH values, redox potentials, and availability and concentrations of metal ions and ligands. Changes in any of these parameters and protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions can result in differences in the type of metal ion bound, metal occupancy, and coordination number or geometry. This article addresses the plasticity and complexity of metal coordination in proteins when these parameters are considered. It uses three examples of zinc sites with sulfur donor atoms from cysteines in mammalian proteins: alcohol dehydrogenases, metallothioneins, and zinc transporters of the ZnT (SLC30A) family. Coordination dynamics of the metal sites in these proteins has different purposes; in alcohol dehydrogenases for the metal ion to perform its different roles in the catalytic cycle, in metallothioneins for serving as a metal buffer, and in ZnT zinc transporters for sensing metal ions and moving them through the protein and thus biological membranes. Defining the biological and chemical parameters that determine and affect coordination dynamics of metal ions in proteins will inform future investigations of metalloproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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16
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Franco C, Canzoniero LMT. Zinc homeostasis and redox alterations in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1273177. [PMID: 38260166 PMCID: PMC10800374 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1273177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Impairment of both cellular zinc and redox homeostasis is a feature of several chronic diseases, including obesity. A significant two-way interaction exists between redox metabolism and the relatively redox-inert zinc ion. Redox metabolism critically influences zinc homeostasis and controls its cellular availability for various cellular functions by regulating zinc exchange from/to zinc-binding proteins. Zinc can regulate redox metabolism and exhibits multiple pro-antioxidant properties. On the other hand, even minor disturbances in zinc status and zinc homeostasis affect systemic and cellular redox homeostasis. At the cellular level, zinc homeostasis is regulated by a multi-layered machinery consisting of zinc-binding molecules, zinc sensors, and two selective families of zinc transporters, the Zinc Transporter (ZnT) and Zrt, Irt-like protein (ZIP). In the present review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of the mutual interaction between zinc and redox homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology, pointing to the role of zinc in the alterations responsible for redox stress in obesity. Since zinc transporters primarily control zinc homeostasis, we describe how changes in the expression and activity of these zinc-regulating proteins are associated with obesity.
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17
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Bao G, Ashraf U, Li L, Qiao J, Wang C, Zheng Y. Transcription Factor OsbZIP60-like Regulating OsP5CS1 Gene and 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) Biosynthesis in Aromatic Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:49. [PMID: 38202357 PMCID: PMC10780308 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The most important volatile in determining the aroma of fragrant rice is 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP); however, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice is still unclear. In this study, Osp5cs1 knockout mutant lines and OsP5CS1 over-expression lines were constructed by the genetic transformation of the Indica rice cultivar, i.e., 'Zhonghua11', which knocks out OsBADH2 to produce fragrance in aromatic rice. The OsP5CS1 gene was also identified as a key gene in the 2-AP biosynthesis pathway of aromatic rice. The OsP5CS1 promoter was used as bait, and the OsbZIP60-like transcription factor was screened by yeast one-hybrid assays. The OsbZIP60-like transcription factor specifically bound to the OsP5CS1 gene. The dual luciferase reporting system found that the OsbZIP60-like transcription factor promoted the transcriptional activation of OsP5CS1. Compared with the wild type, OsP5CS1 gene expression was significantly down-regulated in the Osbzip60-like mutant and resulted in a substantial reduction in 2-AP biosynthesis. Moreover, the OsP5CS1 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in OsbZIP60-like over-expressed plants, and the 2-AP concentrations were also increased, whereas the Osbzip60-like mutants were found to be sensitive to Zn deficiency. Overall, the OsbZIP60-like transcription factor promoted the 2-AP accumulation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the transcriptional regulation mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis and explores the function of the OsbZIP transcription factor in fragrant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gegen Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.)
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Lin Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.)
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Jingxuan Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (L.L.); (J.Q.)
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Chunling Wang
- College of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China;
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
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19
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Assel A, Stanley MM, Mia R, Boulila B, Cragg PJ, Owolabie I, Hetrick M, Flynt A, Wallace KJ, Ben Jannet H. A molecular chemodosimeter to probe "closed shell" ions in kidney cells. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9379-9391. [PMID: 37975744 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Two quinidine-functionalized coumarin molecular probes have been synthesized and have been found to bind metal cations (Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) with high affinity in organic-aqueous media (DMSO-HEPES). The chemodosimeters coordinate with the Zn2+ ions in a two-to-one ratio (molecular probe : Zn2+) with a log β of 10.0 M-2. Upon the addition of the closed-shell metal ions studied, a fluorescence turn-on via an excimer formation is seen at 542 nm due to the quinaldine moiety adopting a syn arrangement when coordinated to the metal Zn2+ ions. Confocal microscopy monitored free Zn2+ ions in the Human Embryonic Kidney cell line HEK293 by coordinating with the chemodosimter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Assel
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meagan M Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
| | - Rashid Mia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F Austin State University, P.O. Box 13006 SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
| | - Besma Boulila
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Peter J Cragg
- School of Applied Chemical Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Iyanuoluwani Owolabie
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Meredith Hetrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Alex Flynt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Karl J Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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20
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Briassoulis G, Briassoulis P, Ilia S, Miliaraki M, Briassouli E. The Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Necroptotic Role of Zinc in COVID-19 and Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1942. [PMID: 38001795 PMCID: PMC10669546 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a structural component of proteins, functions as a catalytic co-factor in DNA synthesis and transcription of hundreds of enzymes, and has a regulatory role in protein-DNA interactions of zinc-finger proteins. For many years, zinc has been acknowledged for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. Furthermore, zinc is a potent inhibitor of caspases-3, -7, and -8, modulating the caspase-controlled apoptosis and necroptosis. In recent years, the immunomodulatory role of zinc in sepsis and COVID-19 has been investigated. Both sepsis and COVID-19 are related to various regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, including apoptosis and necroptosis. Lack of zinc may have a negative effect on many immune functions, such as oxidative burst, cytokine production, chemotaxis, degranulation, phagocytosis, and RCD. While plasma zinc concentrations decline swiftly during both sepsis and COVID-19, this reduction is primarily attributed to a redistribution process associated with the inflammatory response. In this response, hepatic metallothionein production increases in reaction to cytokine release, which is linked to inflammation, and this protein effectively captures and stores zinc in the liver. Multiple regulatory mechanisms come into play, influencing the uptake of zinc, the binding of zinc to blood albumin and red blood cells, as well as the buffering and modulation of cytosolic zinc levels. Decreased zinc levels are associated with increasing severity of organ dysfunction, prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality in septic and COVID-19 patients. Results of recent studies focusing on these topics are summarized and discussed in this narrative review. Existing evidence currently does not support pharmacological zinc supplementation in patients with sepsis or COVID-19. Complementation and repletion should follow current guidelines for micronutrients in critically ill patients. Further research investigating the pharmacological mechanism of zinc in programmed cell death caused by invasive infections and its therapeutic potential in sepsis and COVID-19 could be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Briassoulis
- Postgraduate Program “Emergency and Intensive Care in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults”, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Briassoulis
- Second Department of Anesthesiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Ilia
- Postgraduate Program “Emergency and Intensive Care in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults”, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Marianna Miliaraki
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Efrossini Briassouli
- Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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21
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Flores BM, Uppalapati CK, Pascual AS, Vong A, Baatz MA, Harrison AM, Leyva KJ, Hull EE. Biological Effects of HDAC Inhibitors Vary with Zinc Binding Group: Differential Effects on Zinc Bioavailability, ROS Production, and R175H p53 Mutant Protein Reactivation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1588. [PMID: 38002270 PMCID: PMC10669723 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination of zinc by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), altering the bioavailability of zinc to histone deacetylases (HDACs), is key to HDAC enzyme inhibition. However, the ability of zinc binding groups (ZBGs) to alter intracellular free Zn+2 levels, which may have far-reaching effects, has not been explored. Using two HDACis with different ZBGs, we documented shifts in intracellular free Zn+2 concentrations that correlate with subsequent ROS production. Next, we assayed refolding and reactivation of the R175H mutant p53 protein in vitro to provide greater biological context as the activity of this mutant depends on cellular zinc concentration. The data presented demonstrates the differential activity of HDACi in promoting R175H response element (RE) binding. After cells are treated with HDACi, there are differences in R175H mutant p53 refolding and reactivation, which may be related to treatments. Collectively, we show that HDACis with distinct ZBGs differentially impact the intracellular free Zn+2 concentration, ROS levels, and activity of R175H; therefore, HDACis may have significant activity independent of their ability to alter acetylation levels. Our results suggest a framework for reevaluating the role of zinc in the variable or off-target effects of HDACi, suggesting that the ZBGs of HDAC inhibitors may provide bioavailable zinc without the toxicity associated with zinc metallochaperones such as ZMC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Flores
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (B.M.F.); (A.S.P.); (M.A.B.)
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Chandana K. Uppalapati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (C.K.U.); (K.J.L.)
| | - Agnes S. Pascual
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (B.M.F.); (A.S.P.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Alan Vong
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (B.M.F.); (A.S.P.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Margaux A. Baatz
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (B.M.F.); (A.S.P.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Alisha M. Harrison
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (B.M.F.); (A.S.P.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Kathryn J. Leyva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (C.K.U.); (K.J.L.)
| | - Elizabeth E. Hull
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (B.M.F.); (A.S.P.); (M.A.B.)
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22
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Benarroch E. What Are the Functions of Zinc in the Nervous System? Neurology 2023; 101:714-720. [PMID: 37845046 PMCID: PMC10585682 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
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23
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Figiel M, Górka AK, Górecki A. Zinc Ions Modulate YY1 Activity: Relevance in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4338. [PMID: 37686614 PMCID: PMC10487186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
YY1 is widely recognized as an intrinsically disordered transcription factor that plays a role in development of many cancers. In most cases, its overexpression is correlated with tumor progression and unfavorable patient outcomes. Our latest research focusing on the role of zinc ions in modulating YY1's interaction with DNA demonstrated that zinc enhances the protein's multimeric state and affinity to its operator. In light of these findings, changes in protein concentration appear to be just one element relevant to modulating YY1-dependent processes. Thus, alterations in zinc ion concentration can directly and specifically impact the regulation of gene expression by YY1, in line with reports indicating a correlation between zinc ion levels and advancement of certain tumors. This review concentrates on other potential consequences of YY1 interaction with zinc ions that may act by altering charge distribution, conformational state distribution, or oligomerization to influence its interactions with molecular partners that can disrupt gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrzej Górecki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (A.K.G.)
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24
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Yang F, Smith MJ, Griffiths A, Morrell A, Chapple SJ, Siow RCM, Stewart T, Maret W, Mann GE. Vascular protection afforded by zinc supplementation in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells mediated by NRF2 signaling under hypoxia/reoxygenation. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102777. [PMID: 37315344 PMCID: PMC10363453 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions, with Zn dysregulation associated with coronary ischemia/reperfusion injury and smooth muscle cell dysfunction. As the majority of studies concerning Zn have been conducted under non-physiological hyperoxic conditions, we compare the effects of Zn chelation or supplementation on total intracellular Zn content, antioxidant NRF2 targeted gene transcription and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced reactive oxygen species generation in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) pre-adapted to hyperoxia (18 kPa O2) or normoxia (5 kPa O2). Expression of the smooth muscle marker SM22-α was unaffected by lowering pericellular O2, whereas calponin-1 was significantly upregulated in cells under 5 kPa O2, indicating a more physiological contractile phenotype under 5 kPa O2. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry established that Zn supplementation (10 μM ZnCl2 + 0.5 μM pyrithione) significantly increased total Zn content in HCASMC under 18 but not 5 kPa O2. Zn supplementation increased metallothionein mRNA expression and NRF2 nuclear accumulation in cells under 18 or 5 kPa O2. Notably, NRF2 regulated HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression in response to Zn supplementation was only upregulated in cells under 18 but not 5 kPa. Furthermore, whilst hypoxia increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) in cells pre-adapted to 18 but not 5 kPa O2, reoxygenation had negligible effects on GSH or total Zn content. Reoxygenation-induced superoxide generation in cells under 18 kPa O2 was abrogated by PEG-superoxide dismutase but not by PEG-catalase, and Zn supplementation, but not Zn chelation, attenuated reoxygenation-induced superoxide generation in cells under 18 but not 5kPaO2, consistent with a lower redox stress under physiological normoxia. Our findings highlight that culture of HCASMC under physiological normoxia recapitulates an in vivo contractile phenotype and that effects of Zn on NRF2 signaling are altered by oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Matthew J Smith
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Alexander Griffiths
- London Metallomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Alexander Morrell
- London Metallomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Richard C M Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Theodora Stewart
- Research Management & Innovation Directorate (RMID), King's College London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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25
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Elitt CM, Ross MM, Wang J, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.26.550230. [PMID: 37546881 PMCID: PMC10402100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes develop through well characterized stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an active area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of many enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al., 2018). We performed a more detailed developmental study to better understand the temporal course of zinc homeostasis across the oligodendrocyte lineage. Using chromis-1, we found a transient increase in free zinc after developing oligodendrocytes were switched into differentiation medium. To gather other evidence for dynamic regulation of free zinc during oligodendrocyte development, qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of the major zinc storage proteins metallothioneins (MTs), and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) which controls expression of MTs. MT-1, MT-2 and MTF1 mRNAs were all increased several fold in mature oligodendrocytes compared to developing oligodendrocytes. To assess the depth of the zinc buffer, we assayed zinc release from intracellular stores using the oxidizing thiol reagent 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). Exposure to DTDP resulted in a ∼100% increase in free zinc in developing oligodendrocytes but, paradoxically more modest ∼60% increase in mature oligodendrocytes despite the increased expression of MTs. These results suggest that zinc homeostasis is regulated during oligodendrocyte development, that oligodendrocytes are a useful model for studying zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system, and that regulation of zinc homeostasis may be important in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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26
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Camp OG, Bembenek JN, Goud PT, Awonuga AO, Abu-Soud HM. The Implications of Insufficient Zinc on the Generation of Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Oocyte Quality. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2069-2078. [PMID: 36920672 PMCID: PMC11047769 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a transition metal that displays wide physiological implications ranging from participation in hundreds of enzymes and proteins to normal growth and development. In the reproductive tract of both sexes, zinc maintains a functional role in spermatogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, normal pregnancy, fetal development, and parturition. In this work, we review evidence to date regarding the importance of zinc in oocyte maturation and development, with emphasis on the role of key zinc-binding proteins, as well as examine the effects of zinc and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on oocyte quality and female fertility. We summarize our current knowledge about the participation of zinc in the developing oocyte bound to zinc finger proteins as well as loosely bound zinc ion in the intracellular and extracellular environments. These include aspects related to (1) the impact of zinc deficiency and overwhelming production of ROS under inflammatory conditions on the offset of the physiological antioxidant machinery disturbing biomolecules, proteins, and cellular processes, and their role in contributing to further oxidative stress; (2) the role of ROS in modulating damage to proteins containing zinc, such as zinc finger proteins and nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and expelling the zinc resulting in loss of protein function; and (3) clarify the different role of oxidative stress and zinc deficiency in the pathophysiology of infertility diseases with special emphasis on endometriosis-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Camp
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Joshua N Bembenek
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Pravin T Goud
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility & California IVF Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95833, USA
- Laurel Fertility Care, San Francisco, CA, 94109, USA
- California Northstate University Medical College, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Awoniyi O Awonuga
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Husam M Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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27
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Rakshit A, Holtzen SE, Lo MN, Conway KA, Palmer AE. Human cells experience a Zn 2+ pulse in early G1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112656. [PMID: 37330912 PMCID: PMC10592493 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for all domains of life. Cells maintain zinc homeostasis using a network of transporters, buffers, and transcription factors. Zinc is required for mammalian cell proliferation, and zinc homeostasis is remodeled during the cell cycle, but whether labile zinc changes in naturally cycling cells has not been established. We use genetically encoded fluorescent reporters, long-term time-lapse imaging, and computational tools to track labile zinc over the cell cycle in response to changes in growth media zinc and knockdown of the zinc-regulatory transcription factor MTF-1. Cells experience a pulse of labile zinc in early G1, whose magnitude varies with zinc in growth media. Knockdown of MTF-1 increases labile zinc and the zinc pulse. Our results suggest that cells need a minimum zinc pulse to proliferate and that if labile zinc levels are too high, cells pause proliferation until labile cellular zinc is lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Rakshit
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Samuel E Holtzen
- Department of Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Maria N Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Kylie A Conway
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Amy E Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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28
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Arriaza K, Brito J, Siques P, Flores K, Ordenes S, Aguayo D, López MDR, Arribas SM. Effects of Zinc on the Right Cardiovascular Circuit in Long-Term Hypobaric Hypoxia in Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119567. [PMID: 37298516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia under chromic conditions triggers hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The role of zinc (Zn) under hypoxia is controversial and remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of Zn supplementation in prolonged hypobaric hypoxia on HIF2α/MTF-1/MT/ZIP12/PKCε pathway in the lung and RVH. Wistar rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 30 days and randomly allocated into three groups: chronic hypoxia (CH); intermittent hypoxia (2 days hypoxia/2 days normoxia; CIH); and normoxia (sea level control; NX). Each group was subdivided (n = 8) to receive either 1% Zn sulfate solution (z) or saline (s) intraperitoneally. Body weight, hemoglobin, and RVH were measured. Zn levels were evaluated in plasma and lung tissue. Additionally, the lipid peroxidation levels, HIF2α/MTF-1/MT/ZIP12/PKCε protein expression and pulmonary artery remodeling were measured in the lung. The CIH and CH groups showed decreased plasma Zn and body weight and increased hemoglobin, RVH, and vascular remodeling; the CH group also showed increased lipid peroxidation. Zn administration under hypobaric hypoxia upregulated the HIF2α/MTF-1/MT/ZIP12/PKCε pathway and increased RVH in the intermittent zinc group. Under intermittent hypobaric hypoxia, Zn dysregulation could participate in RVH development through alterations in the pulmonary HIF2α/MTF1/MT/ZIP12/PKCε pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Arriaza
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg (Germany) and Iquique (Chile), Avenida Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg (Germany) and Iquique (Chile), Avenida Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg (Germany) and Iquique (Chile), Avenida Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Karen Flores
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg (Germany) and Iquique (Chile), Avenida Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Stefany Ordenes
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg (Germany) and Iquique (Chile), Avenida Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Daniel Aguayo
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg (Germany) and Iquique (Chile), Avenida Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - María Del Rosario López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia M Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Zhai J, Huang F, Yang Y, Liu X, Luan T, Deng J. Development of a Repair Enzyme Fluorescent Probe to Reveal the Intracellular DNA Damage Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7788-7795. [PMID: 37130082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant exposure causes a series of DNA damage in cells, resulting in the initiation and progression of diseases and even cancers. An investigation of the DNA damage induced by pollutants in living cells is significant to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of environmental exposure, providing critical insight in the exploration of the etiologies of diseases. In this study, we develop a repair enzyme fluorescent probe to reveal the DNA damage caused by an environmental pollutant in living cells by single-cell fluorescent imaging of the most common base damage repair enzyme named human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). The repair enzyme fluorescent probe is fabricated by conjugation of an APE1 high affinity DNA substrate on a ZnO2 nanoparticle surface to form a ZnO2@DNA nanoprobe. The ZnO2 nanoparticle serves as both a probe carrier and a cofactor supplier, releasing Zn2+ to activate APE1 generated by pollutant exposure. The AP-site in the DNA substrate of the fluorescent probe is cleaved by the activated APE1, releasing fluorophore and generating fluorescent signals to indicate the position and degree of APE1-related DNA base damage in living cells. Subsequently, the developed ZnO2@DNA fluorescent probe is applied to investigate the APE1-related DNA base damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in living human hepatocytes. Significant DNA base damage by BaP exposure is revealed, with a positive correlation of the damage degree with exposure time in 2-24 h and the concentration in 5-150 μM, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that BaP has a significant effect on the AP-site damage, and the degree of DNA base damage is time-dependent and concentration-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fanglin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiewei Deng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Smart Medical Innovation Technology Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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30
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Bodnar IS, Cheban EV. Joint effects of gamma radiation and zinc on duckweed Lemna minor L. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106438. [PMID: 36889126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When assessing the consequences of combined chemical and radiation pollution on bodies of water, it is important to take into account the interaction of different factors, especially the possible synergistic increase in the toxic effect on growth, biochemical and physiological processes of living organisms. In this work, we studied the combined effect of γ-radiation and zinc on freshwater duckweed Lemna minor L. Irradiated plants (doses were 18, 42, and 63 Gy) were placed on a medium with an excess of zinc (3.15, 6.3, 12.6 μmol/L) for 7 days. Our results showed that the accumulation of zinc in tissues increased in irradiated plants when compared to non-irradiated plants. The interaction of factors in assessing their effect on the growth rate of plants was most often additive, but there was also a synergistic increase in the toxic effect at a zinc concentration of 12.6 μmol/L and irradiation at doses of 42 and 63 Gy. When comparing the combined and separate effects of gamma radiation and zinc, it was found that a reduction in the area of fronds (leaf-like plates) was caused exclusively due to the effects of radiation. Zinc and γ-radiation contributed to the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation. Irradiation stimulated the production of chlorophylls a and b, as well as carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Bodnar
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia.
| | - E V Cheban
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
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31
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Qu Z, Liu Q, Kong X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Fang Y. A Systematic Study on Zinc-Related Metabolism in Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071703. [PMID: 37049543 PMCID: PMC10096741 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most common cancer worldwide. Despite the major advances made in the past few decades in the treatment of breast cancer using a combination of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy, the genesis, treatment, recurrence, and metastasis of this disease continue to pose significant difficulties. New treatment approaches are therefore urgently required. Zinc is an important trace element that is involved in regulating various enzymatic, metabolic, and cellular processes in the human body. Several studies have shown that abnormal zinc homeostasis can lead to the onset and progression of various diseases, including breast cancer. This review highlights the role played by zinc transporters in pathogenesis, apoptosis, signal transduction, and potential clinical applications in breast cancer. Additionally, the translation of the clinical applications of zinc and associated molecules in breast cancer, as well as the recent developments in the zinc-related drug targets for breast cancer treatment, is discussed. These developments offer novel insights into understanding the concepts and approaches that could be used for the diagnosis and management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Fang
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.F.)
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32
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Hall AG, King JC. The Molecular Basis for Zinc Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076561. [PMID: 37047530 PMCID: PMC10095312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient, and its deficiency is perhaps the most prevalent and least understood worldwide. Recent advances have expanded the understanding of zinc’s unique chemistry and molecular roles in a vast array of critical functions. However, beyond the concept of zinc absorption, few studies have explored the molecular basis of zinc bioavailability that determines the proportion of dietary zinc utilized in zinc-dependent processes in the body. The purpose of this review is to merge the concepts of zinc molecular biology and bioavailability with a focus on the molecular determinants of zinc luminal availability, absorption, transport, and utilization.
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33
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Sousa MS, Alves JL, Freitas JCS, Miraldo JN, Sampaio Dos Aidos FDS, Santos RM, Rosário LM, Quinta-Ferreira RM, Quinta-Ferreira ME, Matias CM. A model of zinc dynamics evoked by intense stimulation at the cleft of hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148322. [PMID: 36906226 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a transition metal that is particularly abundant in the mossy fibers of the hippocampal CA3 area. Despite the large number of studies about the zinc role in mossy fibers, the action of zinc in synaptic mechanisms is only partly known. The use of computational models can be a useful tool for this study. In a previous work, a model was developed to evaluate zinc dynamics at the mossy fiber synaptic cleft, following weak stimulation, insufficient to evoke zinc entry into postsynaptic neurons. For intense stimulation, cleft zinc effluxes must be considered. Therefore, the initial model was extended to include postsynaptic zinc effluxes based on the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz current equation combined with Hodgkin and Huxley conductance changes. These effluxes occur through different postsynaptic escape routes, namely L- and N-types voltage-dependent calcium channels and NMDA receptors. For that purpose, various stimulations were assumed to induce high concentrations of cleft free zinc, named as intense (10 μM), very intense (100 μM) and extreme (500 μM). It was observed that the main postsynaptic escape routes of cleft zinc are the L-type calcium channels, followed by the NMDA receptor channels and by N-type calcium channels. However, their relative contribution for cleft zinc clearance was relatively small and decreased for higher amounts of zinc, most likely due to the blockade action of zinc in postsynaptic receptors and channels. Therefore, it can be concluded that the larger the zinc release, the more predominant the zinc uptake process will be in the cleft zinc clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal; ESS-IPP - Superior School of Health - Polytechnic Institute of Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal; CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João L Alves
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - João N Miraldo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando D S Sampaio Dos Aidos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Santos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís M Rosário
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre of Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Emília Quinta-Ferreira
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Matias
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Dept. of Physics, UTAD- University of Trás-os-montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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34
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Maier MC, Nankervis S, Wallace ME, Develyn T, Myers MA. Dexamethasone leads to Zn 2+ accumulation and increased unbound Zn 2+ in C2C12 muscle and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:409-420. [PMID: 36716229 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with increases in circulating glucocorticoid levels and insulin resistance. Zinc accumulates in atrophic muscle, but the relationship between atrophy, insulin resistance, and Zn2+ homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, the effect of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) on insulin and Zn2+ homeostasis was explored. Treatment of differentiated C2C12 skeletal myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes with DEX significantly increased mRNA expression of the metal-binding proteins Mt1 and 2 and altered energy storage as shown by the increased size of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells. In C2C12 cells the total cellular Zn2+ was higher after DEX treatment, and in both C2C12 and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, free unbound Zn2+ was increased. Insulin treatment led to a gradual increase in free Zn2+ in C2C12 cells, and no significant change in DEX-treated cells such that concentrations were similar 10 min after insulin treatment. These data demonstrate that DEX disturbs Zn2+ homeostasis in muscle and fat cells. Further study of the molecular pathways involved to identify novel therapeutic targets for treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Maier
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Nankervis
- Biomedical Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Morgan E Wallace
- Biomedical Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamekha Develyn
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Centre, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Myers
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia
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Challenges of aerobic granular sludge utilization: Fast start-up strategies and cationic pollutant removal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13503. [PMID: 36852066 PMCID: PMC9958455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a self-aggregated microorganism consortium with pollutant removal properties. The aim of this work is to study and review the application of aerobic granules for water treatment with special focus on new applications and methodologies. Carbon-nitrogen containing pollutants are the classic targets of AGS technology. Carbon and nitrogen removal of AGS are classified as a biodegradation process. More recently, the AGS granules have been studied as sorbent materials for wastewater treatment. In particular, the sorption of cationic pollutants has been studied through biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms without distinguishing when one or the other process is involved. AGS conformation made them suitable for complex wastewater treatment. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated the removal of polyvalent cationic pollutants even with higher capacity than conventional sorbent materials. However, this was achieved almost exclusively for synthetic substrates, with single cation evaluation and using in some cases only qualitative measures. For successful industrial AGS application in complex substrates, it is necessary to evaluate and demonstrate the technology in real industrial conditions and reduce the currently long start-up times which limits its utility. Two new strategies have been proposed: autoinducer molecules and the production of artificial granular from common active sludge with commercial alginate. Finally, the increase of research on AGS cations assimilation properties will allow a new point of view, where granules will be materials for the recovery of valuable metals from industrial wastewater streams.
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36
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Dischler AM, Maslar D, Zhang C, Qin Y. Development and Characterization of a Red Fluorescent Protein-Based Sensor RZnP1 for the Detection of Cytosolic Zn 2. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3838-3845. [PMID: 36508266 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensors have been developed to record Zn2+ dynamics and measure Zn2+ concentrations within the cell. Most previous efforts on developing single-wavelength sensors are focused on green sensors. Here, we engineer a genetically encoded, single red fluorescent protein-based Zn2+ sensor, Red Zinc Probe (RZnP1), which can detect intracellular concentrations of Zn2+. RZnP1 demonstrates a sensitive response to cytosolic Zn2+ (Kd = 438 pM), decent brightness (quantum yield (QY) = 0.15), good in situ dynamic range (Fmax/Fmin = 4.0), and specificity for Zn2+ over other biologically relevant metal cations. RZnP1 offers a way to image Zn2+ with multiple intracellular ions in tandem. We demonstrate the simultaneous recording of Zn2+ and Ca2+ using RZnP1 alongside the Ca2+ sensor GCaMP5G in HeLa cells. We also use RZnP1 with mito-GZnP2, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based mitochondrial Zn2+ sensor, to track Zn2+ dynamics in the cytosol and mitochondria concurrently in rat primary neuron culture. Our work not only expands the toolbox of Zn2+ sensors but also demonstrates techniques for imaging Zn2+ dynamics along with other cations and between multiple subcellular compartments simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dischler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
| | - Drew Maslar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado80210, United States
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Study of the protective role of Zn in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells subjected to pro-inflammatory conditions using transcriptomics and mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121748. [PMID: 36551176 PMCID: PMC9775844 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, the micronutrient zinc has proven to be an important metal ion for a well-functioning immune system, and thus also for a suitable immune defense. Nowadays, it is known that the main cause of zinc deficiency is malnutrition. In particular, vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in Western countries and children in developing countries, are often affected. However, sufficient zinc intake and homeostasis is essential for a healthy life, as it is known that zinc deficiency is associated with a multitude of immune disorders such as metabolic and chronic diseases, as well as infectious diseases such as respiratory infections, malaria, HIV, or tuberculosis. Moreover, the modulation of the proinflammatory immune response and oxidative stress is well described. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zinc have been known for a long time, but are not comprehensively researched and understood yet. Therefore, this review highlights the current molecular mechanisms underlying the development of a pro-/ and anti-inflammatory immune response as a result of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of zinc as a preventive and therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other strategies, that could ameliorate infectious diseases.
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Renteria M, Belkin O, Aickareth J, Jang D, Hawwar M, Zhang J. Zinc's Association with the CmPn/CmP Signaling Network in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1672. [PMID: 36421686 PMCID: PMC9687477 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that serum and cellular concentrations of zinc are altered in breast cancer patients. Specifically, there are notable zinc hyper-aggregates in breast tumor cells when compared to normal mammary epithelial cells. However, the mechanisms responsible for zinc accumulation and the consequences of zinc dysregulation are poorly understood. In this review, we detailed cellular zinc regulation/dysregulation under the influence of varying levels of sex steroids and breast cancer tumorigenesis to try to better understand the intricate relationship between these factors based on our current understanding of the CmPn/CmP signaling network. We also made some efforts to propose a relationship between zinc signaling and the CmPn/CmP signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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40
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Assunção AGL. The F-bZIP-regulated Zn deficiency response in land plants. PLANTA 2022; 256:108. [PMID: 36348172 PMCID: PMC9643250 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review describes zinc sensing and transcriptional regulation of the zinc deficiency response in Arabidopsis, and discusses how their evolutionary conservation in land plants facilitates translational approaches for improving the Zn nutritional value of crop species. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms due to its presence in a large number of proteins, as a structural or catalytic cofactor. In plants, zinc homeostasis mechanisms comprise uptake from soil, transport and distribution throughout the plant to provide adequate cellular zinc availability. Here, I discuss the transcriptional regulation of the response to zinc deficiency and the zinc sensing mechanisms in Arabidopsis, and their evolutionary conservation in land plants. The Arabidopsis F-group basic region leucine-zipper (F-bZIP) transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23 function simultaneously as sensors of intracellular zinc status, by direct binding of zinc ions, and as the central regulators of the zinc deficiency response, with their target genes including zinc transporters from the ZRT/IRT-like Protein (ZIP) family and nicotianamine synthase enzymes that produce the zinc ligand nicotianamine. I note that this relatively simple mechanism of zinc sensing and regulation, together with the evolutionary conservation of F-bZIP transcription factors across land plants, offer important research opportunities. One of them is to use the F-bZIP-regulated zinc deficiency response as a tractable module for evolutionary and comparative functional studies. Another research opportunity is translational research in crop plants, modulating F-bZIP activity as a molecular switch to enhance zinc accumulation. This should become a useful plant-based solution to alleviate effects of zinc deficiency in soils, which impact crop production and crop zinc content, with consequences for human nutrition globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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41
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Wairich A, Ricachenevsky FK, Lee S. A tale of two metals: Biofortification of rice grains with iron and zinc. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:944624. [PMID: 36420033 PMCID: PMC9677123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.944624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients needed by virtually all living organisms, including plants and humans, for proper growth and development. Due to its capacity to easily exchange electrons, Fe is important for electron transport in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Fe is also necessary for chlorophyll synthesis. Zn is a cofactor for several proteins, including Zn-finger transcription factors and redox metabolism enzymes such as copper/Zn superoxide dismutases. In humans, Fe participates in oxygen transport, electron transport, and cell division whereas Zn is involved in nucleic acid metabolism, apoptosis, immunity, and reproduction. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple food crops, feeding over half of the world's population. However, Fe and Zn concentrations are low in rice grains, especially in the endosperm, which is consumed as white rice. Populations relying heavily on rice and other cereals are prone to Fe and Zn deficiency. One of the most cost-effective solutions to this problem is biofortification, which increases the nutritional value of crops, mainly in their edible organs, without yield reductions. In recent years, several approaches were applied to enhance the accumulation of Fe and Zn in rice seeds, especially in the endosperm. Here, we summarize these attempts involving transgenics and mutant lines, which resulted in Fe and/or Zn biofortification in rice grains. We review rice plant manipulations using ferritin genes, metal transporters, changes in the nicotianamine/phytosiderophore pathway (including biosynthetic genes and transporters), regulators of Fe deficiency responses, and other mutants/overexpressing lines used in gene characterization that resulted in Fe/Zn concentration changes in seeds. This review also discusses research gaps and proposes possible future directions that could be important to increase the concentration and bioavailability of Fe and Zn in rice seeds without the accumulation of deleterious elements. We also emphasize the need for a better understanding of metal homeostasis in rice, the importance of evaluating yield components of plants containing transgenes/mutations under field conditions, and the potential of identifying genes that can be manipulated by gene editing and other nontransgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriele Wairich
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe K. Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sichul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, South Korea
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42
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Jimenez‐Alesanco A, Eckhard U, Asencio del Rio M, Vega S, Guevara T, Velazquez‐Campoy A, Gomis‐Rüth FX, Abian O. Repositioning small molecule drugs as allosteric inhibitors of the BFT-3 toxin from enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4427. [PMID: 36173175 PMCID: PMC9514063 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is an abundant commensal component of the healthy human colon. However, under dysbiotic conditions, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) may arise and elicit diarrhea, anaerobic bacteremia, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Most worrisome, ETBF is resistant to many disparate antibiotics. ETBF's only recognized specific virulence factor is a zinc-dependent metallopeptidase (MP) called B. fragilis toxin (BFT) or fragilysin, which damages the intestinal mucosa and triggers disease-related signaling mechanisms. Thus, therapeutic targeting of BFT is expected to limit ETBF pathogenicity and improve the prognosis for patients. We focused on one of the naturally occurring BFT isoforms, BFT-3, and managed to repurpose several approved drugs as BFT-3 inhibitors through a combination of biophysical, biochemical, structural, and cellular techniques. In contrast to canonical MP inhibitors, which target the active site of mature enzymes, these effectors bind to a distal allosteric site in the proBFT-3 zymogen structure, which stabilizes a partially unstructured, zinc-free enzyme conformation by shifting a zinc-dependent disorder-to-order equilibrium. This yields proBTF-3 incompetent for autoactivation, thus ablating hydrolytic activity of the mature toxin. Additionally, a similar destabilizing effect is observed for the activated protease according to biophysical and biochemical data. Our strategy paves a novel way for the development of highly specific inhibitors of ETBF-mediated enteropathogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jimenez‐Alesanco
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y CelularUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC)BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Marta Asencio del Rio
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Sonia Vega
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Tibisay Guevara
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC)BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Adrian Velazquez‐Campoy
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y CelularUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
| | - Francesc Xavier Gomis‐Rüth
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural BiologyMolecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC)BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC‐CSIC‐BIFIUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y CelularUniversidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
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43
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Escobar A, Styrpejko DJ, Ali S, Cuajungco MP. Transmembrane 163 (TMEM163) protein interacts with specific mammalian SLC30 zinc efflux transporter family members. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101362. [PMID: 36204728 PMCID: PMC9530847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that TMEM163 is a zinc efflux transporter that likely belongs to the mammalian solute carrier 30 (Slc30/ZnT) subfamily of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein superfamily. We hypothesized that human TMEM163 forms functional heterodimers with certain ZNT proteins based on their overlapping subcellular localization with TMEM163 and previous reports that some ZNT monomers interact with each other. In this study, we heterologously expressed individual constructs with a unique peptide tag containing TMEM163, ZNT1, ZNT2, ZNT3, and ZNT4 (negative control) or co-expressed TMEM163 with each ZNT in cultured cells for co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments. We also co-expressed TMEM163 with two different peptide tags as a positive co-IP control. Western blot analyses revealed that TMEM163 dimerizes with itself but that it also heterodimerizes with ZNT1, ZNT2, ZNT3, and ZNT4 proteins. Confocal microscopy revealed that TMEM163 and ZNT proteins partially co-localize in cells, suggesting that they exist as homodimers and heterodimers in their respective subcellular sites. Functional zinc flux assays using Fluozin-3 and Newport Green dyes show that TMEM163/ZNT heterodimers exhibit similar efflux function as TMEM163 homodimers. Cell surface biotinylation revealed that the plasma membrane localization of TMEM163 is not markedly influenced by ZNT co-expression. Overall, our results show that the interaction between TMEM163 and distinct ZNT proteins is physiologically relevant and that their heterodimerization may serve to increase the functional diversity of zinc effluxers within specific tissues or cell types. TMEM163 protein heterodimerizes with ZNT1, ZNT2, ZNT3 and ZNT4 zinc efflux transporters. Partial co-localization of TMEM163 and ZNT proteins in cells suggests distinct roles as homodimers and heterodimers. Zinc efflux activity of TMEM163 or ZNT protein homodimers did not differ from their TMEM163/ZNT heterodimer counterparts. TMEM163/ZNT heterodimerization attests to the role of TMEM163 as a bona fide SLC30 protein family member.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saima Ali
- Department of Biological Science, USA
| | - Math P. Cuajungco
- Department of Biological Science, USA,Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 North State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
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44
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Zhang C, Dischler A, Glover K, Qin Y. Neuronal signalling of zinc: from detection and modulation to function. Open Biol 2022; 12:220188. [PMID: 36067793 PMCID: PMC9448499 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that stabilizes protein structures and allosterically modulates a plethora of enzymes, ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Labile zinc (Zn2+) acts as an intracellular and intercellular signalling molecule in response to various stimuli, which is especially important in the central nervous system. Zincergic neurons, characterized by Zn2+ deposits in synaptic vesicles and presynaptic Zn2+ release, are found in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb and spinal cord. To provide an overview of synaptic Zn2+ and intracellular Zn2+ signalling in neurons, the present paper summarizes the fluorescent sensors used to detect Zn2+ signals, the cellular mechanisms regulating the generation and buffering of Zn2+ signals, as well as the current perspectives on their pleiotropic effects on phosphorylation signalling, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, as well as sensory and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Anna Dischler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
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45
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Abstract
Zinc is an essential element for human health. Among its many functions, zinc(II) modulates the immune response to infections and, at high concentrations or in the presence of ionophores, inhibits the replication of various RNA viruses. Structural biology studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed that zinc(II) is the most common metal ion that binds to viral proteins. However, the number of zinc(II)-binding sites identified by experimental methods is far from exhaustive, as metal ions may be lost during protein purification protocols. To better define the zinc(II)-binding proteome of coronavirus, we leveraged the wealth of deposited structural data and state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. Through this in silico approach, 15 experimental zinc(II) sites were identified and a further 22 were predicted in Spike, open reading frame (ORF)3a/d, ORF8, and several nonstructural proteins, highlighting an essential role of zinc(II) in viral replication. Furthermore, the structural relationships between viral and eukaryotic sites (typically zinc fingers) indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can compete with human proteins for zinc(II) binding. Given the double-edged effect of zinc(II) ions, both essential and toxic to coronavirus, only the complete elucidation of the structural and regulatory zinc(II)-binding sites can guide selective antiviral strategies based on zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Andreini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabio Arnesano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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46
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Takács T, Németh MT, Bohner F, Vágvölgyi C, Jankovics F, Wilson D, Gácser A. Characterization and functional analysis of zinc trafficking in the human fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis. Open Biol 2022; 12:220077. [PMID: 35857903 PMCID: PMC9277298 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc restriction and zinc toxicity are part of host defence, called nutritional immunity. The crucial role of zinc homeostasis in microbial survival within a host is established, but little is known about these processes in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis. Our in silico predictions suggested the presence of at least six potential zinc transporters (ZnTs) in C. parapsilosis-orthologues of ZRC1, ZRT3 and ZRT101-but an orthologue of PRA1 zincophore was not found. In addition, we detected a species-specific gene expansion of the novel ZnT ZRT2, as we identified three orthologue genes in the genome of C. parapsilosis. Based on predictions, we created homozygous mutant strains of the potential ZnTs and characterized them. Despite the apparent gene expansion of ZRT2 in C. parapsilosis, only CpZRT21 was essential for growth in a zinc-depleted acidic environment, in addition we found that CpZrc1 is essential for zinc detoxification and also protects the fungi against the elimination of murine macrophages. Significantly, we demonstrated that C. parapsilosis forms zincosomes in a Zrc1-independent manner and zinc detoxification is mediated by the vacuolar importer CpZrc1. Our study defines the functions of C. parapsilosis ZnTs, including a species-specific survival and zinc detoxification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Takács
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Tibor Németh
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Flóra Bohner
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jankovics
- Department of Medical Biology, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Attila Gácser
- HCEMM-USZ Fungal Pathogens Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,MTA-SZTE ‘Lendület’ Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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47
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Liao F, Lilay GH, Castro PH, Azevedo H, Assunção AGL. Regulation of the Zinc Deficiency Response in the Legume Model Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:916168. [PMID: 35845702 PMCID: PMC9279927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.916168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The zinc deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by F-group basic region leucine-zipper (F-bZIP) transcription factors, and there is evidence of evolutionary conservation of this regulatory network in land plants. Fundamental knowledge on the zinc homeostasis regulation in crop species will contribute to improving their zinc nutritional value. Legumes are protein-rich crops, used worldwide as part of traditional diets and as animal forage, being therefore a good target for micronutrient biofortification. Here, we identified F-bZIP transcription factors in representative legume species and functionally characterized the two F-bZIPs from Medicago truncatula. Results indicate that MtFbZIP1 is the functional homolog of A. thaliana bZIP19 and bZIP23, while MtFbZIP2 does not play a role in the zinc deficiency response. Additionally, analysis of M. truncatula genes from the Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family of zinc transporters or encoding nicotianamine synthase enzymes that produce the zinc ligand nicotianamine, support the conservation of the F-bZIP-regulated zinc deficiency response in M. truncatula. Phylogenetic analysis of F-bZIP homologs enriched in legume species reinforces the branching into two groups, with MtFbZIP1 and MtFbZIP2 mapping in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. This phylogeny combined with the functional characterization of MtFbZIPs supports the suggested conservation of the zinc deficiency response associated with Group 1 F-bZIPs, and the more variable evolutionary paths associated with Group 2. Overall, we provide novel insight on the mechanisms of response to zinc deficiency in M. truncatula, which contributes to developing strategies for improving zinc content in legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Liao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Grmay Hailu Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pedro Humberto Castro
- CIBIO-InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Biodiversity and Land Planning, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Herlander Azevedo
- CIBIO-InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Biodiversity and Land Planning, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G. L. Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- CIBIO-InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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Jan S, Anna C, Antonín K, Jiří Š, Jan B, Tereza L, Pavel K. Intracellular sequestration of cadmium and zinc in ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) and characterization of its metallothionein gene. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 162:103717. [PMID: 35764233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amanita muscaria is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom that commonly grows at metal-polluted sites. Sporocarps from the lead smelter-polluted area near Příbram (Central Bohemia, Czech Republic) showed elevated concentrations of Cd and Zn. Size exclusion chromatography of the cell extracts of the sporocarps from both polluted and unpolluted sites indicated that substantial part of intracellular Cd and Zn was sequestered in 6-kDa complexes, presumably with metallothionein(s) (MT). When the cultured mycelial isolates were compared, those from Příbram were more Cd-tolerant and accumulated slightly less Cd and Zn than those from the unpolluted site. The analysis of the available A.muscaria sequence data returned a 67-amino acid (AA) MT encoded by the AmMT1 gene. Weak Cd and Zn responsiveness of AmMT1 in the mycelia suggested its metal homeostasis function in A.muscaria, rather than a major role in detoxification. The AmMT1 belongs to a ubiquitous peptide group in the Agaricomycetes consisting of 60-70-AA MTs containing seven cysteinyl domains and a conserved histidyl, features observed also in a newly predicted, atypical 45-AA RaMT1 of the Zn-accumulator Russula bresadolae in which the C-terminal cysteinyl domains VI and VII are missing. Heterologous expression in metal-sensitive yeast mutants indicated that AmMT1 and RaMT1 encode functional peptides that can protect cells against Cd, Zn, and Cu toxicity. The metal protection phenotype observed in yeasts with mutant variants of AmMT1 and RaMT1 further indicated that the conserved histidyl seems to play a structural, not metal binding role, and the cysteinyls of the C-terminal domains VI and VII are important for Cu binding. The data provide an important insight into the metal handling of site-associated ectomycorrhizal species disturbed by excess metals and the properties of MTs common in Agaricomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sácký Jan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Chaloupecká Anna
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kaňa Antonín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šantrůček Jiří
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Borovička Jan
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Leonhardt Tereza
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kotrba Pavel
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Luo F, Fu Z, Ren Y, Wang W, Huang Y, Shu X. Self-assembly CuO-loaded nanocomposite involving functionalized DNA with dihydromyricetin for water-based efficient and controllable antibacterial action. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212847. [PMID: 35929276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the antibiotic crisis intensifies, the defense and treatment of pathogen infections in safe and effective fashion has become a critical issue. Herein, we report a novel and advanced type of sterilization agent designed via the functionalization DNA nanocarriers based on dihydromyricetin and CuO-loaded nanoparticles (DNA/DMY-CuO). Firstly, a pure dihydromyricetin (DMY) isolated from Ampelopsis grossedentata is used as a bridge to the stimulate the construction of DNA cross-linking networks by hydrogen bonding. Subsequently, a 3D spherical CuO-loaded nanocomposite (204.39 nm) is customized using the DNA/DMY network as a biological template through a simple coordination-assisted self-assembly method, which exhibits a high dispersibility, water-solubility and physiological stability. The reversible physical interactions in nanocarriers allows the selective separation and automatic release of CuO NPs from DNA/DMY-CuO in neutral and wound exudate environments, thereby extending the survival period of CuO NPs by nearly 24 h. Meanwhile, the nanocarriers system relied on the strong binding ability of DMY to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) achieves controlled drug delivery onto the pathogen wall. The advanced antibacterial action of DNA/DMY-CuO also reflected in membrane destruction, cytoplasmic constituent leakages and ATP synthetic pathway cessation, thereby halting cytosolic metalloregulatory mechanisms and minimizing drug-resistant bacteria. In summary, such multi-functional CuO-loaded nanocomposite provides a water-dispersibility, controllable, low cytotoxicity and long-effective platform to address the ever-growing threats of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhihuan Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yanli Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenxiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xugang Shu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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50
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Sophisticated expression responses of ZNT1 and MT in response to changes in the expression of ZIPs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7334. [PMID: 35513474 PMCID: PMC9072671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc homeostatic proteins Zn transporter 1 (ZNT1) and metallothionein (MT) function in dampening increases in cytosolic zinc concentrations. Conversely, the expression of ZNT1 and MT is expected to be suppressed during decreases in cytosolic zinc concentrations. Thus, ZNT1/MT homeostatic responses are considered to be essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis because cellular zinc concentrations are readily altered by changes in the expression of several Zrt-/Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, this notion remains to be tested experimentally. Here, we investigated the aforementioned homeostatic process by analyzing ZNT1 and MT protein expression in response to ZIP expression. Overexpression of cell-surface-localized ZIPs, such as ZIP4 and ZIP5, increased the cellular zinc content, which caused an increase in the expression of cell-surface ZNT1 and cytosolic MT in the absence of zinc supplementation in the culture medium. By contrast, elimination of the overexpressed ZIP4 and ZIP5 resulted in decreased expression of ZNT1 but not MT, which suggests that differential regulation of ZNT1 and MT expression at the protein level underlies the homeostatic responses necessary for zinc metabolism under certain conditions. Moreover, increased expression of apically localized ZIP4 facilitated basolateral ZNT1 expression in polarized cells, which indicates that such a coordinated expression mechanism is crucial for vectorial transcellular transport. Our results provide novel insights into the physiological maintenance of cellular zinc homeostasis in response to alterations in cytosolic zinc concentrations caused by changes in the expression of ZIPs.
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