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Xiang J, Zhang Q, Fan Q, Zhang Z, Huang H, Wu A, Rong L, Wang Y, Zhang C. Structural characterization and screening of chemical markers of alkaloids in Aconiti lateralis radix Praeparata and its processed products by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS and GNPS combining multivariate statistical methods based on the clinic. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9857. [PMID: 39022839 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
RATIONAL Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (AC) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of use. However, the current research on the material basis of AC and its processed products is still not comprehensive, especially the changes in lipo-diterpenoid alkaloids (LDAs) that can be hydrolyzed into diester-diterpenoid alkaloids in AC before and after processing. This study aimed to provide material basis guidance for the clinical use of AC and its processed products by comprehensively analyzing the changes in substances between AC and its processed products. METHODS An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) approach was optimized to chemical profiling. The MS data were processed using molecular networking combined with the in-house library database to fast characterize the compounds. Multivariate statistical methods were adopted to determine the dissimilarities of components in AC and its processed products. RESULTS A total of 310 compounds were tentatively identified from AC, including 109 potential new alkaloids, of which 98 were potential novel LPAs. A metabolomics approach was applied to find the characteristic marker components. As a result, 52 potential chemical markers were selected to distinguish the AC samples of different extraction methods and 42 potential chemical markers for differentiating between AC and its processed products were selected. CONCLUSION The results indicate that UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking coupled with multivariate analysis strategies was a powerful tool to rapidly identify and screen the chemical markers of alkaloids between the AC samples and its processed products. These results also indicate that the toxicity of water extracts of AC and its processed products were decreased. This research not only guides the clinical safe use of AC and its processed products, but also extends the application of the molecular networking strategy in traditional herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiang
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aizhi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Rong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuixian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhang Q, Xiang J, Fan Q, Wu P, Wang Q, Xiao X, Wu A, Rong L, Wang Y, Zhang C. Preliminary investigation on the analysis of the whole components of Pogejiuxin decoction and its formulation pattern based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9727. [PMID: 38469960 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONAL Pogejiuxin decoction (PGJXD) is one of the most important formulas for the treatment of heart failure. However, there is a great lack of research on the material basis of this formula, especially research on its compatibility laws, which restricts its clinical use. Studying the complete ingredients and compatibility rules of PGJXD has great significance for guiding clinical medication. METHODS The entire formula, the major single herbs, the drug pairs and the disassembled formula were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOFMS/MS), matching the chemical composition database and global natural product social molecular networking to explain the chemical composition as well as the combination pattern of PGJXD. RESULTS A total of 1048 chemical constituents were fully analyzed from the major single herbs, the drug pairs and the disassembled formula and 188 chemical constituents, including 13 potential novel compounds, were firstly identified from the whole formula. We found that the chemical compositions were reduced after the single herbs were matched to the other herbs, especially the significant reduction of highly toxic diester alkaloids after compatibility, indicating that the medicines of PGJXD were interdependent and controlled by each other. CONCLUSION This study innovatively researches and compares the compositional differences between the entire formula of PGJXD, the single, paired and separated formulas, greatly extending our understanding of the chemical substance basis of these compounds, and preliminarily explores the compatibility laws of PGJXD, providing some theoretical guidance for clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Pharmacy Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiji Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aizhi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Rong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuixian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Xue R, Ji D, Gong J, Qu L, Zhang Q, Xu R, Chen P, Qin Y, Su L, Mao C, Guo Z, Gao B, Lu T. Research on the effects of processing Heishunpian from Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata on components and efficacy using the "step knockout" strategy. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105747. [PMID: 37977305 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Heishunpian is obtained through complex processing of Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata. However, the impact of each processing step on chemical compositions and pharmacological activities is still unclear. The mechanism of the processing needs to be further studied. The samples were all prepared using the "step knockout" strategy for UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy evaluation. Each sample was analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS to determine the component differences. The hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test were used to evaluate the analgesic effect. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated by xylene-induced ear edema test. The correlation between components and efficacies was studied to screen the effective components for further investigating the processing of Heishunpian. Mass spectrum analysis results showed that 49 components were identified, and it appeared that brine immersion and rinsing had a great influence on the components. In the hot plate test, ibuprofen and Heishunpian had the most significant effect, while ibuprofen and the sample without rinsing showed the best efficacy for the acetic acid writhing test. The sample without dyeing had the best effect on ear edema. The correlation analysis indicated that mesaconine, aconine, 3-deoxyaconine, delbruine, and asperglaucide were potentially considered effective analgesic components. It is not recommended to remove brine immersion and rinsing. Boiling and steaming are necessary processes that improve efficacy. Dyeing, which does not have a significant impact on components and efficacy, may be an unnecessary process. This research has been of great significance in identifying anti-inflammatory and analgesic components and optimizing processing for Heishunpian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - De Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jingwen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Lingyun Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuwen Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Lianlin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - ZhiJun Guo
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Longhua 518110, China
| | - Bo Gao
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Longhua 518110, China.
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Kakkar RA, Haneen MA, Parida AC, Sharma G. The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139215. [PMID: 37575934 PMCID: PMC10421671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanity will always be indebted to plants. In the ongoing scientific era, the 'Herbal Revolution' has helped discover several valuable medicinal plants and associated novel secondary metabolites from the diverse unexplored ecosystems, treating several diseases via phytotherapy. The Aconitum genus comprises several economically-important poisonous mountainous medicinal plant species whose unique biodiversity is on the verge of extinction due to illegal human intervention triggered habitat loss, over-harvesting, and unrestricted trading. Owing to its vast diversity of diterpene alkaloids, most species are extensively used to treat several ailments in rural parts of the world. Irrespective of this, many unexplored and intriguing prospects exist to understand and utilize this critical plant for human benefit. This systematic review tries to fill this gap by compiling information from the sporadically available literature known for ~300 Aconitum spp. regarding its nomenclature and classification, endangerment, plant morphology, ploidy, secondary metabolites, drug pharmacokinetics, conservation, and omics-based computational studies. We also depicted the disparity in the studied model organisms for this diverse genus. The absence of genomic/metagenomic data is becoming a limiting factor in understanding its plant physiology, metabolic pathways, and plant-microbes interactions, and therefore must be promoted. Additionally, government support and public participation are crucial in establishing conservation protocols to save this plant from endangerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mariam Azeezuddin Haneen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
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Traditional processing increases biological activities of Dendrobium offificinale Kimura et. Migo in Southeast Yunnan, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14814. [PMID: 36045147 PMCID: PMC9433373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The orchid Dendrobium officinale grows throughout southeast China and southeast Asian countries and is used to treat inflammation and diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine. Tie pi feng dou is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine made from the dried D. officinale stems. Processing alters the physicochemical properties of TPFD; however, it is unclear how processing affects the quality and medicinal value of this plant. Here, we analyzed and compared the chemical composition of fresh stems of D. officinale and TPFD and explored possible explanations for the enhanced medicinal efficacy of processed D. officinale stems using qualitative and quantitative methods. To identify the components of FSD and TPFD, we used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry in negative and positive ion modes and interpreted the data using the Human Metabolome Database and multivariate statistical analysis. We detected 23,709 peaks and identified 2352 metabolites; 370 of these metabolites were differentially abundant between FSD and TPFD (245 more abundant in TPFD than in FSD, and 125 less abundant), including organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, flavonoids, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and fatty acyls. Of these, 43 chemical markers clearly distinguished between FSD and TPFD samples, as confirmed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A pharmacological activity analysis showed that, compared with FSD, TPFD had significantly higher levels of some metabolites with anti-inflammatory activity, consistent with its use to treat inflammation. In addition to revealing the basis of the medicinal efficacy of TPFD, this study supports the benefits of the traditional usage of D. officinale.
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Liu Y, Yang X, Zhou C, Wang Z, Kuang T, Sun J, Xu B, Meng X, Zhang Y, Tang C. Unveiling Dynamic Changes of Chemical Constituents in Raw and Processed Fuzi With Different Steaming Time Points Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Combined With Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842890. [PMID: 35359875 PMCID: PMC8960191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzi is a famous toxic traditional herbal medicine, which has long been used for the treatment of various diseases in China and many other Asian countries because of its extraordinary pharmacological activities and high toxicity. Different processing methods to attenuate the toxicity of Fuzi are important for its safe clinical use. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) with a metabolomics-combined multivariate statistical analysis approach was applied to investigate a series of Aconitum alkaloids and explore potential metabolic markers to understand the differences between raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming time points. Moreover, the selected metabolic markers were visualized by DESI-MSI, and six index alkaloids’ contents were determined through HPLC. The results indicated visible differences among raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming times, and 4.0 h is the proper time for toxicity attenuation and efficacy reservation. A total of 42 metabolic markers were identified to discriminate raw Fuzi and those steamed for 4.0 and 8.0 h, which were clearly visualized in DESI-MSI. The transformation from diester-diterpenoid alkaloids to monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and then to non-esterified diterpene alkaloids through hydrolysis is the major toxicity attenuation process during steaming. DESI-MSI combined with metabolomics provides an efficient method to visualize the changeable rules and screen the metabolic markers of Aconitum alkaloids during steaming. The wide application of this technique could help identify markers and reveal the possible chemical transition mechanism in the “Paozhi” processes of Fuzi. It also provides an efficient and easy way to quality control and ensures the safety of Fuzi and other toxic traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ce Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Tang,
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Lin X, Yang J, Wu C. Assessment of reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its processed products in male mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114102. [PMID: 33831471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Chinese name: Fuzi), the root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is a representative medicine for restoring yang and rescuing patient from collapse. However, less studies had been reported on the reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity of Fuzi. According to the principle of reducing toxicity and preserving efficiency, only processed products of Fuzi are commonly applied in clinic, including Baifupian, Heishunpian and Danfupian. However, whether processing could alleviate the reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity of Fuzi had not been revealed. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effect and possible mechanism of Fuzi and its processed products on reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extracts of Fuzi and its processed products (Baifupian, Heishunpian and Danfupian, 5.85 g/kg) were administrated by gavage once daily for fourteen consecutive days. The reproductive toxicity was evaluated by testis weight, testis ratio, testis histopathology, sperm count, sperm viability rate and sperm deformity rate. The genotoxicity was evaluated by comet assay and micronucleus test in sperm, peripheral blood cell and bone marrow cell. Possible mechanisms of attenuating toxicity by processing were analyzed by detecting the level of testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT). RESULTS Fuzi significantly caused different degrees of reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity, specifically reducing the weight and testicular coefficient of testis, causing obvious pathological changes in testicular tissue, reducing sperm count and sperm viability rate, increasing sperm deformity rate and DNA damage in sperm/peripheral blood cells/bone marrow cells. Moreover, Fuzi decreased the level of testosterone, SOD, GSH and CAT, while increased the level of MDA in serum. Notably, the reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity induced by the processed products, especially Heishunpian and Danfupian, were significantly lowered compared to Fuzi. Processing could increase the level of testosterone, SOD, GSH, CAT and decrease the level of MDA compared to Fuzi. CONCLUSION Fuzi and its processed products had reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity, but the toxicity of processed products was significantly weakened compared to Fuzi. The protective mechanism of processing to reduce the toxicity of Fuzi might be related to increasing the level of testosterone and decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yeshu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
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Lei H, Zhang Y, Ye J, Cheng T, Liang Y, Zu X, Zhang W. A comprehensive quality evaluation of Fuzi and its processed product through integration of UPLC-QTOF/MS combined MS/MS-based mass spectral molecular networking with multivariate statistical analysis and HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113455. [PMID: 33039630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (the Chinese name is Fuzi, FZ), the lateral or daughter root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Ranunculaceae), is a controversial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is universally distributed and applied in many countries, such as China, Japan, Korea, and India. FZ can be used to treat various diseases, including rheumatic fever, rheumatism, painful joints, syncope, collapse, bronchial asthma, some endocrinal disorders, etc. However, quality control and assessment of FZ are challenging due to its obvious and high toxicological risks, and only its processed products are allowed to be used clinically according to the relative safety regulations. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze the whole chemical composition and the dynamic changes of FZ before and after processing. Addressing the changes in the chemical substance of raw and processed products is a way to reduce toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY In this article, the whole chemical composition of FZ is analyzed, the differences between raw and processed FZ are evaluated, and possible factors that influence the reduced toxicity of processed FZ are explained from the perspective of its chemical composition using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel strategy of multiple data collection and processing based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method in the positive ion mode, together with Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) and multivariate statistical analysis, was established to systematically identify the chemical constituents of FZ and comprehensively investigate the chemical markers that can be used to differentiate FZ processed with vinegar and honey from its raw product. Combined with the qualitative analysis results, 12 components, including 8 chemical marker compounds and 4 toxicity components, were quantitatively analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Using the molecular networking (MN) analysis method, a total of 145 compounds were identified, of which 13 were identified using reference compounds. Seventy seven chemical markers were also detected between raw and processed FZ. The identification results of the chemical markers were also verified by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The quantitative results indicated that the contents of 12 important components all decreased, especially diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs), after processing. CONCLUSION The decrease of toxicity of FZ after processing is closely related to the changes in its chemical composition. The method developed in this study is a comprehensive analysis technique for quality assessment of FZ, and this study provides a useful and quick strategy to characterize chemical compounds of TCM and explore the different chemical markers between raw and processed Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Lei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Song C, Jiao C, Jin Q, Chen C, Cai Y, Lin Y. Metabolomics analysis of nitrogen-containing metabolites between two Dendrobium plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1425-1435. [PMID: 32647459 PMCID: PMC7326750 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing compounds especially alkaloids are important medicinal ingredients in caulis dendrobii plants. Using solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis methods, metabolic profiling of the nitrogen-containing compounds was established to distinguish Dendrobium huoshanense and Dendrobium officinale. Hundreds of nitrogen-containing compounds from the two caulis dendrobii were purified by the MCX cartridges. Some compounds were identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry technology. Together with multivariate data analysis methods, comparative analysis of the metabolic profiling from two caulis dendrobii was conducted. A total of 133 nitrogen-containing compounds were identified, including amino acids, pyrrolidines, tropanes, pyrimidines, purines, indoles, piperidines, guanidines, quinolines, isoquinolines and terpenoids. Metabolic profiling analysis showed that the composition and contents of these chemical components were significantly different between D. huoshanense and D. officinale. Moreover, some components were species-specific, distributed in the two caulis dendrobii, such as pilosine, ternatusine, etc. Because alkaloids are mainly derived from amino acids via multistep biochemical reactions, the correlation analysis suggested that amino acids were partially associated with several types of components and significantly correlated with certain alkaloids. Arginine was extremely correlated with guanidines. Pyrimidines, purines and niacin-nicotinamide metabolic intermediates were associated with three independent networks. The results further enriched the chemical components currently identified from caulis dendrobii and provided a technical reference for detecting nitrogen-containing compounds in other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, West Moon Island, Yunlu Bridge, Luan, 237012 Anhui People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Luan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Jiao
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Jin
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cunwu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, West Moon Island, Yunlu Bridge, Luan, 237012 Anhui People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Luan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping Cai
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao L, Sun Z, Yang L, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Neuropharmacological effects of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:531-542. [PMID: 31837236 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials Jilin Agricultural University Changchun China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials Jilin Agricultural University Changchun China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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11
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Sun YC, Han SC, Yao MZ, Liu HB, Wang YM. Exploring the metabolic biomarkers and pathway changes in crucian under carbonate alkalinity exposure using high-throughput metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1552-1571. [PMID: 35494719 PMCID: PMC9047290 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08090b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study is to explore the metabolomic biomarker and pathway changes in crucian under carbonate alkalinity exposures using high-throughput metabolomics analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) for carrying out adaptive evolution of fish in environmental exposures and understanding molecular physiological mechanisms of saline–alkali tolerance in fishes. Under 60 day exposure management, the UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS technology, coupled with a pattern recognition approach and metabolic pathway analysis, was utilized to give insight into the metabolic biomarker and pathway changes. In addition, biochemical parameters in response to carbonate alkalinity in fish were detected for chronic impairment evaluation. A total of twenty-seven endogenous metabolites were identified to distinguish the biochemical changes in fish in clean water under exposure to different concentrations of carbonate alkalinity (CA); these mainly involved amino acid synthesis and metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). Compared with the control group, CA exposure increased the level of blood ammonia; TP; ALB; Gln in the liver and gills; GS; urea in blood, the liver and gills; CREA; CPS; Glu and LDH; and decreased the level of weight gain rate, oxygen consumption, discharge rate of ammonia, SOD, CAT, ALT, AST and Na+/K+-ATPase. At low concentrations, CA can change the normal metabolism of fish in terms of changing the osmotic pressure regulation capacity, antioxidant capacity, ammonia metabolism and liver and kidney function to adapt to the CA exposure environment. As the concentration of CA increases, various metabolic processes in crucian are inhibited, causing chronic damage to the body. The results show that the metabolomic strategy is a potentially powerful tool for identifying the mechanisms in response to different environmental exposomes and offers precious information about the chronic response of fish to CA. We explore the metabolic biomarker and pathway changes accompanying the adaptive evolution of crucian subjected to carbonate alkalinity exposure, using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, in order to understand the molecular physiological mechanisms of saline–alkali tolerance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-chun Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-cheng Han
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-zhu Yao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-bai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-mei Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas
- Harbin 150070
- P. R. China
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12
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Zhao FJ, Zhang ZB, Ma N, Teng X, Cai ZC, Liu MX. Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for rapid discovery of metabolite biomarkers to reveal therapeutic effects of Psoralea corylifolia seeds against osteoporosis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:35429-35442. [PMID: 35528068 PMCID: PMC9074708 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been used as metabolomics profiling tool to discover and identify the metabolites in metabolic diseases. Osteoporosis (OP) syndrome is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by bone mass reduction and changes in bone microstructure. Psoralea corylifolia Linn. seeds (PCS) have a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis, but their action mechanism and therapeutic target are still unclear. This study aims to explore the metabolic changes of the urine profile in glucocorticoid-induced OP model rats and the therapeutic effect of PCS. High-throughput metabolomics based on the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were used to analyze the urine metabolites. The results showed that has an obvious separation between model and control groups. OPLS-DA was used to further analyze and discover substances that contributed to the separation. 42 potential biomarkers and 12 related metabolic pathways were identified in combination with network databases. After the intervention of PCS, 24 biomarkers were significantly regulated, mainly with glycone, serine and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and purine metabolism and other metabolic pathways are related and discovered. This study has proved that PCS has therapeutic effect against OP by regulating that metabolic pathways disturbed in the OP. It provided a basis for the research and future development of new drugs for OP treatment. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been used as metabolomics profiling tool to discover and identify the metabolites in metabolic diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital Taizhou 318000 China +86-18767620975 +86-18767620975
| | - Zhao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital Taizhou 318000 China +86-18767620975 +86-18767620975
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital Taizhou 318000 China +86-18767620975 +86-18767620975
| | - Xiao Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital Taizhou 318000 China +86-18767620975 +86-18767620975
| | - Zhen-Cheng Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital Taizhou 318000 China +86-18767620975 +86-18767620975
| | - Ming-Xi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital Taizhou 318000 China +86-18767620975 +86-18767620975
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13
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Liu L, Wang H. The Recent Applications and Developments of Bioinformatics and Omics Technologies in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Curr Bioinform 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190102125403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely utilized as complementary health care in China whose acceptance is still hindered by conventional scientific research methodology, although it has been exercised and implemented for nearly 2000 years. Identifying the molecular mechanisms, targets and bioactive components in TCM is a critical step in the modernization of TCM because of the complexity and uniqueness of the TCM system. With recent advances in computational approaches and high throughput technologies, it has become possible to understand the potential TCM mechanisms at the molecular and systematic level, to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of TCM treatments. Bioinformatics is gaining considerable attention to unearth the in-depth molecular mechanisms of TCM, which emerges as an interdisciplinary approach owing to the explosive omics data and development of computer science. Systems biology, based on the omics techniques, opens up a new perspective which enables us to investigate the holistic modulation effect on the body.Objective:This review aims to sum up the recent efforts of bioinformatics and omics techniques in the research of TCM including Systems biology, Metabolomics, Proteomics, Genomics and Transcriptomics.Conclusion:Overall, bioinformatics tools combined with omics techniques have been extensively used to scientifically support the ancient practice of TCM to be scientific and international through the acquisition, storage and analysis of biomedical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
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14
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Cai H, Xu Y, Xie L, Duan Y, Zhou J, Liu J, Niu M, Zhang Y, Shen L, Pei K, Cao G. Investigation on Spectrum-Effect Correlation between Constituents Absorbed into Blood and Bioactivities of Baizhu Shaoyao San before and after Processing on Ulcerative Colitis Rats by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS Coupled with Gray Correlation Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050940. [PMID: 30866532 PMCID: PMC6429276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baizhu Shaoyao San (BSS) is a crucial traditional Chinese medicinal formula widely applied for the treatment of painful diarrhea, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and some other gastrointestinal diseases. Corresponding to the clinical medication, the three medicinal herbs (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) included in BSS should be processed using some specific methods of stir-frying. To find the underlying correlations between serum chemical profiles and curative effects of crude and processed BSS on ulcerative colitis rats, and further explore for the effective material basis of processing, an UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technique coupled with gray correlation analysis (GCA) was developed. A total of 134 compounds were identified in rat sera after oral administration of BSS, among which 24 compounds were prototypes and 110 compounds were metabolites. Meanwhile, an ulcerative colitis model was established in rats by enema with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and the pharmacodynamic indicators for drug efficacies were evaluated as well. According to the results, processed BSS showed better efficacy than crude BSS. The top 10 potential effective components with high degree of correlation were identified based on GCA results, which were thought to be the crucial compounds that contributed to the enhancement of therapeutic effects in BSS after processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yangyang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Minjie Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yating Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ke Pei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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A Comprehensive and Rapid Quality Evaluation Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction by Integrating UPLC-QTOF-MS and UFLC-QQQ-MS and its Application. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020374. [PMID: 30669664 PMCID: PMC6359386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoction is one of the oldest forms of traditional Chinese medicine and it is widely used in clinical practice. However, the quality evaluation and control of traditional decoction is a challenge due to the characteristics of complicated constituents, water as solvent, and temporary preparation. ShenFu Prescription Decoction (SFPD) is a classical prescription for preventing and treating many types of cardiovascular disease. In this article, a comprehensive and rapid method for quality evaluation and control of SFPD was developed, via qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major components by integrating ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra-fast-performance liquid chromatography equipped with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Consequently, a total of 39 constituents were tentatively identified in qualitative analysis, of which 21 compounds were unambiguously confirmed by comparing with reference substances. We determined 13 important constituents within 7 min by multiple reaction monitoring. The validated method was applied for determining five different proportion SFPDs. It was found that different proportions generated great influence on the dissolution of constituents. This may be one of the mechanisms for which different proportions play different synergistic effects. Therefore, the developed method is a fast and useful approach for quality evaluation of SFPD.
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16
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Huang G, Yang L, Zhang Z, Ren S, Tang X, Zhou W, Wang Y, Ma Z, Gao S, Gao Y. Human PXR-mediated transcriptional activation of CYP3A4 by 'Fuzi' extracts. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:155-164. [PMID: 30303438 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1534296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study focused on determining whether the 'Fuzi' (FZ) extracts from different extraction methods are related to pregnane X receptor (PXR) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and explore the mechanism. METHODS FZ was extracted under various conditions, and the components were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quad Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining assays were used to measure the cell cytotoxicity of these extracts. Real-time PCR, western blot analysis and reporter gene assay were used to detect the expression changes of PXR and CYP3A4. RESULTS FZ extracts were found to contain high levels of monoester-diterpene alkaloids (MDAs) and diester-diterpene alkaloids (DDAs). FZ extracts were cytotoxic. Interestingly, we found that FZ extracts and DDAs can induce the expressions of PXR and CYP3A4. And the MDAs can inhibit the expressions of PXR and CYP3A4. CONCLUSION Different extracts of FZ can induce the expressions of PXR and CYP3A4 in different degrees. This may be related to the drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Huang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Liang Yang
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Sijia Ren
- a Department of Pharmacology , Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Shan Gao
- a Department of Pharmacology , Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Yue Gao
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
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17
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Study on Cardiotoxicity and Mechanism of "Fuzi" Extracts Based on Metabonomics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113506. [PMID: 30405071 PMCID: PMC6274692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the toxicity of water and ethanol "Fuzi" (FZ) extracts and to explore the toxicity mechanism in rats. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared. Three groups of rats received the water extract, ethanol extract, or water by oral gavage for seven days. Pathological section staining of heart tissue. Colorimetric analysis was used to determine serum lactate dehydrogenase. The metabolic expression of small molecules in rats was measured by a metabolomics method. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CTnI, mTOR, and TGF-β1. The water and ethanol FZ extracts exert cardiotoxic effects via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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18
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Sini Decoction Improves Adrenal Function and the Short-Term Outcome of Septic Rats through Downregulation of Adrenal Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5186158. [PMID: 30018657 PMCID: PMC6029449 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5186158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Sini Decoction (SND) is composed of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, having been used in China for centuries for collapsing phrase of disease. Studies reported that SND could alleviate inflammatory response, ameliorate microcirculatory disturbances, and improve shock reversal and adrenal gland glucocorticoid stress response during sepsis shock, yet the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is demonstrated to be crucially correlated with the corticosterone secretion and the impaired adrenal glucocorticoid responses in sepsis. Materials and Methods SND at dose of 10 g/kg (in low-dose SND group, LD-SND) and 20 g/kg (in high-dose SND group, HD-SND) was administered to CLP rats. Four days later, overall survival rates of rats were calculated; rat serum and adrenal glands were collected. Basic serum corticosterone levels were determined, and the increase of corticosterone after 0.8 ug/kg ACTH injection was checked to detect the adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH. The protein and mRNA expression of TLR4 in adrenal glands were measured to study the impact of SND on TLR4 expression. mRNA levels of IL-10 and TNF-a in adrenal glands and IL-10 and TNF-a levels in serum were also determined to study the cytokines profile. Results SND improved the cumulative survival rate of CLP rats up to 4 days (P < 0.05 with HD-SND) and adrenocortical sensitivity to 0.8 ug/kg ACTH stimulation (P < 0.05 at 60 mins, 31.02 ± 19.23 ng/ml in LD-SND group and 32.18 ± 14.88 ng/ml in HD-SND group versus 5.03 ± 13.34 ng/ml in CLP group), with a significant decrease of protein (P < 0.05, 29.6% in LD-SND group and 27.8% in HD-SND group), mRNA expression of TLR4 (P < 0.05, 32.9% in LD-SND group and 36.1% in HD-SND group), mRNA expression of IL-10 (P < 0.05, 32.0% in LD-SND group and 29.6% in HD-SND group), TNF-a in adrenal glands (P < 0.05, 26.0% in LD-SND group and 25.3% in HD-SND group), and TNF-a level in serum (P < 0.05, 100.20 ± 19.41 pg/ml in LD-SND group and 92.40 ± 11.66 pg/ml in HD-SND group versus 134.40 ± 27.87 pg/ml in CLP group). Conclusion SND increased overall survival rate within 4 days and attenuated adrenal insufficiency in septic rats by downregulating TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in adrenal tissue, inhibiting adrenal production of TNF-α and IL-10, and improving adrenal responsiveness. Our results suggest that SND is able to ameliorate adrenal stress responses in a local immune-adrenal crosstalk way involving downregulated expression of TLR4 in adrenal tissue. SND might be a promising treatment for adrenal insufficiency prevention in prolonged sepsis.
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Geng Z, Liu Y, Gou Y, Zhou Q, He C, Guo L, Zhou J, Xiong L. Metabolomics Study of Cultivated Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae at Different Growth Stages using UHPLC-QTOF-MS Coupled with Multivariate Data Analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:290-299. [PMID: 29336082 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae (known as Chuān bèi mǔ in China, BFC) contain fritillaria steroidal alkaloids as the bioactive ingredients and are widely used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cough and phlegm. Due to limited wild resources, the cultivated species are becoming predominantly used in Chinese traditional medicine markets. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of different growth stages on the alkaloids of cultivated BFC and establish a reference for quality control and guidance for appropriate harvesting practices. METHODS The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) metabolomic strategy was applied to determine potential chemical markers for the discrimination and quality control of cultivated BFC in different growth stages. The molecular feature extraction and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to alkaloid extraction and full metabolomic profiling of cultivated BFC for classification and marker compound characterisation. RESULT This approach allowed the establishment of a fast and efficient comparative multivariate analysis of the metabolite composition of 42 samples covering growth of cultivated BFC ranging in age from one to seven years old. Four alkaloid compounds were identified in cultivated BFC based on accurate mass, retention time, and MS/MS fragments. These compounds may be used as potential chemical markers for the classification and discrimination of cultivated BFC samples indifferent growth stages. CONCLUSIONS The proposed analytical method in combination with multivariate statistical analysis comprised a useful and powerful strategy to explore the chemical ingredients and transforming mechanisms of cultivated BFC and for quality evaluation and control. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Geng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - YiFei Liu
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gou
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - QinMei Zhou
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - ChengJun He
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Zhou SS, Xu J, Tsang CK, Yip KM, Yeung WP, Zhao ZZ, Zhu S, Fushimi H, Chang HY, Chen HB. Comprehensive quality evaluation and comparison of Angelica sinensis radix and Angelica acutiloba radix by integrated metabolomics and glycomics. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1122-1137. [PMID: 29976405 PMCID: PMC9303037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica radix (Danggui in Chinese) used in China and Japan is derived from two species of Angelica, namely Angelica sinensis and Angelica acutiloba, respectively. The differences in quality between A. sinensis radix (ASR) and A. acutiloba radix (AAR) should be therefore investigated to guide the medicinal and dietary applications of these two species. Secondary metabolites and carbohydrates have been demonstrated to be the two major kinds of bioactive components of Danggui. However, previously, quality comparison between ASR and AAR intensively concerned secondary metabolites but largely overlooked carbohydrates, thus failing to include or take into consideration an important aspect of the holistic quality of Danggui. In this study, untargeted/targeted metabolomics and glycomics were integrated by multiple chromatography-based analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative characterization of secondary metabolites and carbohydrates in Danggui so as to comprehensively evaluate and compare the quality of ASR and AAR. The results revealed that not only secondary metabolites but also carbohydrates in ASR and AAR were different in type and amount, which should collectively contribute to their quality difference. By providing more comprehensive chemical information, the research results highlighted the need to assess characteristics of both carbohydrates and secondary metabolites for overall quality evaluation and comparison of ASR and AAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Chuen-Kam Tsang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Man Yip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Ping Yeung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Fushimi
- Museum of Materia Medica, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Heng-Yuan Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
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21
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Seeing the unseen of Chinese herbal medicine processing ( Paozhi): advances in new perspectives. Chin Med 2018; 13:4. [PMID: 29375653 PMCID: PMC5773022 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing (Paozhi) represents a unique Chinese pharmaceutic technique to facilitate the use of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for a specific clinical need in the guidance of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. Traditionally, most CHMs require a proper processing to meet the needs of specific clinical syndromes before being prescribed by TCM practitioners. During processing, significant changes in chemical profiles occur, which inevitably influence the associated pharmacological properties of a CHM. However, although processing is formed in a long-term practice, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear for most CHMs. The deepening understanding of the mechanism of processing would provide scientific basis for standardization of processing. This review introduced the role of processing in TCM and several typical methods of processing. We also summarized the up-to-date efforts on the mechanistic study of CHM processing. The processing mechanisms mainly include the following aspects: (i) directly reducing contents of toxic constituents; (ii) structural transformation of constituents; (iii) improving solubility of constituents; (iv) physically changing the existing form of constituents; (v) and influence by excipients. These progress may give new insights into future researches.
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De Novo RNA Sequencing and Expression Analysis of Aconitum carmichaelii to Analyze Key Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Diterpene Alkaloids. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122155. [PMID: 29206203 PMCID: PMC6150021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii is an important medicinal herb used widely in China, Japan, India, Korea, and other Asian countries. While extensive research on the characterization of metabolic extracts of A. carmichaelii has shown accumulation of numerous bioactive metabolites including aconitine and aconitine-type diterpene alkaloids, its biosynthetic pathway remains largely unknown. Biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites is tightly controlled and mostly occurs in a tissue-specific manner; therefore, transcriptome analysis across multiple tissues is an attractive method to identify the molecular components involved for further functional characterization. In order to understand the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Illumina-based deep transcriptome profiling and analysis was performed for four tissues (flower, bud, leaf, and root) of A. carmichaelii, resulting in 5.5 Gbps clean RNA-seq reads assembled into 128,183 unigenes. Unigenes annotated as possible rate-determining steps of an aconitine-type biosynthetic pathway were highly expressed in the root, in accordance with previous reports describing the root as the accumulation site for these metabolites. We also identified 21 unigenes annotated as cytochrome P450s and highly expressed in roots, which represent candidate unigenes involved in the diversification of secondary metabolites. Comparative transcriptome analysis of A. carmichaelii with A. heterophyllum identified 20,232 orthogroups, representing 30,633 unigenes of A. carmichaelii, gene ontology enrichment analysis of which revealed essential biological process together with a secondary metabolic process to be highly enriched. Unigenes identified in this study are strong candidates for aconitine-type diterpene alkaloid biosynthesis, and will serve as useful resources for further validation studies.
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Zhou L, Xu JD, Zhou SS, Shen H, Mao Q, Kong M, Zou YT, Xu YY, Xu J, Li SL. Chemomics-based marker compounds mining and mimetic processing for exploring chemical mechanisms in traditional processing of herbal medicines, a continuous study on Rehmanniae Radix. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1530:232-240. [PMID: 29162232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exploring processing chemistry, in particular the chemical transformation mechanisms involved, is a key step to elucidate the scientific basis in traditional processing of herbal medicines. Previously, taking Rehmanniae Radix (RR) as a case study, the holistic chemome (secondary metabolome and glycome) difference between raw and processed RR was revealed by integrating hyphenated chromatographic techniques-based targeted glycomics and untargeted metabolomics. Nevertheless, the complex chemical transformation mechanisms underpinning the holistic chemome variation in RR processing remain to be extensively clarified. As a continuous study, here a novel strategy by combining chemomics-based marker compounds mining and mimetic processing is proposed for further exploring the chemical mechanisms involved in herbal processing. First, the differential marker compounds between raw and processed herbs were rapidly discovered by untargeted chemomics-based mining approach through multivariate statistical analysis of the chemome data obtained by integrated metabolomics and glycomics analysis. Second, the marker compounds were mimetically processed under the simulated physicochemical conditions as in the herb processing, and the final reaction products were chemically characterized by targeted chemomics-based mining approach. Third, the main chemical transformation mechanisms involved were clarified by linking up the original marker compounds and their mimetic processing products. Using this strategy, a set of differential marker compounds including saccharides, glycosides and furfurals in raw and processed RR was rapidly found, and the major chemical mechanisms involved in RR processing were elucidated as stepwise transformations of saccharides (polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides) and glycosides (iridoid glycosides and phenethylalcohol glycosides) into furfurals (glycosylated/non-glycosylated hydroxymethylfurfurals) by deglycosylation and/or dehydration. The research deliverables indicated that the proposed strategy could advance the understanding of RR processing chemistry, and therefore may be considered a promising approach for delving into the scientific basis in traditional processing of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Yun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Xiong Y, Chen L, Hu Y, Cui X. Uncovering Active Constituents Responsible for Different Activities of Raw and Steamed Panax notoginseng Roots. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:745. [PMID: 29093679 PMCID: PMC5651511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Panax notoginseng (PN) roots in raw and steamed forms were historically supposed to be different in the efficacies, the raw materials and steamed ones were often undifferentiated in the use and market circulation, which might bring unstable curative effects or even adverse reactions. To uncover chemical constituents responsible to different activities of raw and steamed PN, chemometrics analyses including partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multi-linear regression analysis (MLRA) were used to establish the relationships between the chromatographic fingerprints and activities of PN samples. Chemical fingerprints of PN were determined by HPLC. Anticoagulant and antioxidant activities were evaluated by the thromboplastin inhibiting test and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, respectively. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the chemical composition between raw and steamed PN, which could be discriminated by principle component analysis according to different steaming temperatures. Compared with the steamed PN, raw PN exhibited stronger anticoagulation and weaker antioxidation. By chemometrics analyses, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were found to be the major active constituents of raw PN, whereas ginsenosides Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, and 20(R)-Rg3 had the key role in the activities of steamed PN, which could be used as new markers for the quality control (QC) of steamed PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Serum and Liver Tissue Metabonomic Study on Fatty Liver in Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet and Intervention Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qushi Huayu Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6242697. [PMID: 29018486 PMCID: PMC5605908 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6242697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Qushi Huayu Decoction (QSHY), clinically derived, consists of five crude drugs, commonly used in treating fatty liver in a clinical setting. However, little is known about its metabolomics study. Herein, the serum and liver tissue metabolomics approach, based on gas chromatography coupled to spectrometry (GC/MS), was employed to evaluate the efficacy and the mechanism underlying QSHY in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced fatty liver. With pattern recognition analysis of serum and liver tissue metabolite profile, a clear separation of model group and control group was acquired for serum and liver tissue samples, respectively. The QSHY group showed a predisposition towards recovery mimicking the control group, which was in agreement with the biochemical alterations and histological results. 23 candidate biomarkers were identified in the serum and liver tissue samples that were utilized for exploring the underlying mechanism. The present study suggests that QSHY has significant anti-fatty liver effects on high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats, which might be attributed to regulating the dysfunction of beta-alanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and citrate cycle. Thus, metabolomics is a useful tool in the evaluation of the efficacy and elucidation of the mechanism underlying the complex traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
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Wang D, Shi Q, Feng F. Rapid discovery and identification of the prototypes and their metabolites of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi
decoction in rat plasma by an integrative strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2722-2731. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Qingshui Shi
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control; Nanjing China
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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A feasible, economical, and accurate analytical method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloid markers in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata from different manufacturing sources and processing ways. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:301-309. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sun B, Wang X, Cao R, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Xu M, Zhang M, Du X, Dong F, Yan X. NMR-based metabonomics study on the effect of Gancao in the attenuation of toxicity in rats induced by Fuzi. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:617-626. [PMID: 27746335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi, the processed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, is a traditional Chinese medicine used for its analgesic, antipyretic, anti-rheumatoid arthritis and anti-inflammation effects; however, it is also well known for its toxicity. Gancao, the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., is often used concurrently with Fuzi to alleviate its toxicity. However, the mechanism of detoxication is still not well clear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effect of Gancao on the metabolic changes induced by Fuzi was investigated by NMR-based metabonomic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (group A: control, group B: Fuzi decoction alone, group C: Gancao decoction alone, group D: Fuzi decoction and Gancao decoction simultaneously, group E: Fuzi decoction 5h after Gancao decoction) and urine samples were collected for NMR-based metabolic profiling analysis. Statistical analyses such as unsupervised PCA, t-test, hierarchical cluster, and pathway analysis were used to detect the effects of Gancao on the metabolic changes induced by Fuzi. RESULTS The behavioral and biochemical characteristics showed that Fuzi exhibited toxic effects on treated rats (group B) and statistical analyses showed that their metabolic profiles were in contrast to those in groups A and C. However, when Fuzi was administered with Gancao, the metabolic profiles became similar to controls, whereby Gancao reduced the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, dimethylglycine, valine, acetoacetate, citrate, fumarate, 2-ketoglutarate and hippurate, and regulated the concentrations of taurine and 3-hydroxybutyrate, resulting in a decrease in toxicity. Furthermore, important pathways that are known to be involved in the effect of Gancao on Fuzi, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and the TCA cycle, were altered in co-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Gancao treatment mitigated the metabolic changes altered by Fuzi administration in rats, demonstrating that dosing with Gancao could reduce the toxicity of Fuzi at the metabolic level. Fuzi and Gancao administered simultaneously resulted in improved toxicity reduction than when Gancao was administrated 5h prior to Fuzi. In summary, co-administration of Gancao with Fuzi reduces toxicity at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xubin Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ruili Cao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China; Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, PR China.
| | - Meifeng Xu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shengyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiangbo Du
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Fangting Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xianzhong Yan
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Ma H, Niu H, Cao Q, Zhou J, Gong Y, Zhu Z, Lv X, Di L, Qian D, Wu Q, Duan J. Metabolomics method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze toxins in fresh and dried toad venom. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4681-4687. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Huixia Niu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Qin Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Yan Gong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Liuqing Di
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Jin'ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal, Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
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Yang W, Qiao X, Li K, Fan J, Bo T, Guo DA, Ye M. Identification and differentiation of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng by monitoring multiple diagnostic chemical markers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:568-575. [PMID: 27818924 PMCID: PMC5071635 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To differentiate traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) derived from congeneric species in TCM compound preparations is usually challenging. The roots of Panax ginseng (PG), Panax quinquefolium (PQ) and Panax notoginseng (PN) are used as popular TCM. They contain similar triterpenoid saponins (ginsenosides) as the major bioactive constituents. Thus far, only a few chemical markers have been discovered to differentiate these three species. Herein we present a multiple marker detection approach to effectively differentiate the three Panax species, and to identify them in compound preparations. Firstly, 85 batches of crude drug samples (including 32 PG, 30 PQ, and 23 PN) were analyzed by monitoring 40 major ginsenosides in the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) using a validated LC–MS fingerprinting method. Secondly, the samples were clustered into different groups by pattern recognition chemometric approaches using PLS-DA and OPLS-DA models, and 17 diagnostic chemical markers were discovered. Aside from the previously known Rf and p-F11, ginsenoside Rs1 could be a new marker to differentiate PG from PQ. Finally, the above multiple chemical markers were used to identify the Panax species in 60 batches of TCM compound preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingran Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Agilent Technologies, Beijing 100102, China
| | - De-an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 2023 1000x2221; fax: +86 21 50272789.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 10 8280 2024.
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31
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Wu Z, Mao Y, Zhang X, Weng P. Symbolic Metabolite Analysis of Pickled Wax Gourd in Eastern China by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1099044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zufang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yijun Mao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peifang Weng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Metabolic Analysis of Medicinal Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium huoshanense during Different Growth Years. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146607. [PMID: 26752292 PMCID: PMC4709240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics technology has enabled an important method for the identification and quality control of Traditional Chinese Medical materials. In this study, we isolated metabolites from cultivated Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium huoshanense stems of different growth years in the methanol/water phase and identified them using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). First, a metabolomics technology platform for Dendrobium was constructed. The metabolites in the Dendrobium methanol/water phase were mainly sugars and glycosides, amino acids, organic acids, alcohols. D. officinale and D. huoshanense and their growth years were distinguished by cluster analysis in combination with multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Eleven metabolites that contributed significantly to this differentiation were subjected to t-tests (P<0.05) to identify biomarkers that discriminate between D. officinale and D. huoshanense, including sucrose, glucose, galactose, succinate, fructose, hexadecanoate, oleanitrile, myo-inositol, and glycerol. Metabolic profiling of the chemical compositions of Dendrobium species revealed that the polysaccharide content of D. huoshanense was higher than that of D. officinale, indicating that the D. huoshanense was of higher quality. Based on the accumulation of Dendrobium metabolites, the optimal harvest time for Dendrobium was in the third year. This initial metabolic profiling platform for Dendrobium provides an important foundation for the further study of secondary metabolites (pharmaceutical active ingredients) and metabolic pathways.
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33
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Wang S, Fu P, Liu L, Wang L, Peng C, Zhang W, Liu R. Rapid discovery and identification of multiple absorbed chemical constituents and metabolites in rat cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration of Jitai tablets by a LC-MS based metabolomics approach. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrative strategy using LC-Q/TOF-MS and LC-QqQ-MS/MS coupled with multi-variate statistical analysis was developed to screen and identify the constituents transported into the rat cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration of Jitai tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Changhai Hospital
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Lingling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for TCM
- PR China
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Runhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
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Jia P, Wang S, Xiao C, Yang L, Chen Y, Jiang W, Zheng X, Zhao G, Zang W, Zheng X. The anti-atherosclerotic effect of tanshinol borneol ester using fecal metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 141:1112-20. [PMID: 26689835 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01970b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ) is a novel experimental compound that consists of two chemical structural units from danshensu and borneol. It exhibits efficacious anti-ischemic and anti-atherosclerosis activities in rats. A fecal metabolomics based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry combined with clinical histopathology and blood lipid estimation was employed to assess the efficacy and the metabolic changes caused by administration of DBZ in atherosclerotic rats. There were the typical pathological features of atherosclerosis and significantly increased levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in the atherosclerotic rat group. Nevertheless, atherosclerotic rats administered both DBZ (at a dose of 40 mg kg(-1)) and simvastatin (at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1)) showed good therapeutic effects. The results of the metabolomics studies showed that 55 differential metabolites such as sebacic acid, enterodiol, nonanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, cholic acid, 13(S)-HPODE, deoxycholic acid, some phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acids were found, indicating that abnormal metabolism occurred in the pathways of fatty acid oxidation, linoleic acid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism in atherosclerotic rats. Compared to those in the model group, the contents of 41 differential metabolites showed a tendency to recover to a healthy level after DBZ administration. Metabolomics studies suggested that DBZ exhibited good treatment efficacy against atherosclerosis by adjusting disturbed metabolic pathways related to atherosclerosis. This study could provide an experimental basis for DBZ's application to act as a candidate drug with anti-atherosclerosis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Yuan H, Ying J, Deng P, Chen P, Shi J, Liu Y, Gao X, Zhao Y. Specific interactions of leucine with disaccharides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: application to rapid differentiation of disaccharide isomers in combination with statistical analysis. Analyst 2015; 140:7965-73. [PMID: 26514183 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of carbohydrate isomers, including mono units, linkage positions and anomeric configurations, remains an arduous subject. In this study, the natural amino acid leucine (Leu) was found to specifically interact with cellobiose (Cello) to form a series of potassium adducts as [Cello + Leu + K](+), [Cello + 2Leu + K](+), and [2Cello + Leu + K](+) in the gas phase using mass spectrometry. By using CID-MS/MS, these complexes produced specific fragmentation patterns from the sugar backbone cleavage instead of non-covalent interactions. Moreover, their fragment distributions were dependent on the ratios of Cello-to-Leu in the complexes and the fragmentation pathways of potassium-cationized disaccharides (Dis) were remarkably changed with leucine binding. It should be pointed out that the ternary complex [2Cello + AA + K](+) was unique for leucine among all the twenty natural amino acids. The [2Dis + Leu + K](+) complex produced the most informative fragments by tandem mass spectrometry, which was successfully applied for rapid and efficient discrimination of twelve glucose-containing disaccharide isomers in combination with statistical analyses including PCA and OPLS-DA. The methodology developed here not only provides a novel analytical approach for the differentiation of disaccharide isomers, but also brings new sight towards the interactions of amino acids with disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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Wang P, Wang Q, Yang B, Zhao S, Kuang H. The Progress of Metabolomics Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1281-310. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played important roles in health protection and disease treatment for thousands of years in China and has gained the gradual acceptance of the international community. However, many intricate issues, which cannot be explained by traditional methods, still remain, thus, new ideas and technologies are needed. As an emerging system biology technology, the holistic view adopted by metabolomics is similar to that of TCM, which allows us to investigate TCM with complicated conditions and multiple factors in depth. In this paper, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the methodology progression of metabolomics, as well as its applications, in different fields of TCM studies including quality control, processing, safety and efficacy evaluation. The herbs investigated by metabolomics were selected for detailed examination, including Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Atractylodes macrocephala Kidd, Pinellia ternate, etc.; furthermore, some valuable results have been obtained and summarized. In conclusion, although the study of metabolomics is at the early phase and requires further scrutiny and validation, it still provides bright prospects to dissect the synergistic action of multiple components from TCM. Overall, with the further development of analytical techniques, especially multi-analysis techniques, we expect that metabolomics will greatly promote TCM research and the establishment of international standards, which is beneficial to TCM modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P.R. China
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Yang H, Gao W, Liu L, Liu K, Liu EH, Qi LW, Li P. Discovery of characteristic chemical markers for classification of aconite herbs by chromatographic profile and probabilistic neural network. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Use, history, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry chemical analysis of Aconitum. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 24:29-45. [PMID: 28911407 PMCID: PMC9345420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum and its products have been used in Asia for centuries to treat various ailments, including arthritis, gout, cancer, and inflammation. In general, their preparations and dispensing have been restricted to qualified folk medicine healers due to their low safety index and reported toxicity. In the past few decades, official guidelines have been introduced in Asian pharmacopeias to control Aconitum herbal products. However, these guidelines were based on primitive analytical techniques for the determination of the whole Aconitum alkaloids and were unable to distinguish between toxic and nontoxic components. Recent advances in analytical techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrophoresis coupled with highly sensitive detectors, allowed rapid and accurate determination of Aconitum secondary metabolites. Reports focusing on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of Aconitum and its herbal products are discussed in the current review. This review can be used by the health liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry regulatory authorities for updating pharmacopeial guidelines of Aconitum and its herbal products.
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Dong H, Yan GL, Han Y, Sun H, Zhang AH, Li XN, Wang XJ. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic studies on the toxicity mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine Chuanwu and the detoxification mechanisms of Gancao, Baishao, and Ganjiang. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:687-98. [PMID: 26412429 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chuanwu (CW), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the mother roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.. (Ranunculaceae), has been used for the treatment of various diseases. Unfortunately, its toxicity is frequently reported because of its narrow therapeutic window. In the present study, a metabolomic method was performed to characterize the phenotypically biochemical perturbations and potential mechanisms of CW-induced toxicity. Meanwhile, the expression level of toxicity biomarkers in the urine were analyzed to evaluate the detoxification by combination with Gancao (Radix Glyeyrrhizae, CG), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba, CS) and Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis, CJ), which were screened from classical TCM prescriptions. Urinary metabolomics was performed by UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS, and the mass spectra signals of the detected metabolites were systematically analyzed using pattern recognition methods. As a result, seventeen biomarkers associated with CW toxicity were identified, which were associated with pentose and glucuronate interconversions, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, among others. The expression levels of most toxicity biomarkers were effectively modulated towards the normal range by the compatibility drugs. It indicated that the three compatibility drugs could effectively detoxify CW. In summary, our work demonstrated that metabolomics was vitally significant to evaluation of toxicity and finding detoxification methods for TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xian-Na Li
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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40
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Liang Q, Wang C, Li B. Metabolomic Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Gastric Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:2170-84. [PMID: 26088916 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a post-genomics research field for analysis of low molecular weight compounds in biological samples and has shown great potentials for elucidating complex mechanisms associated with diseases. However, metabolomics studies on gastric cancer (GC), which is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, remain scarce, and the molecular mechanisms to metabolomics phenotypes are also still not fully understood. This study reports that the metabolic pathways can be exploited as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of GC progression as a case study. Importantly, the urinary metabolites and metabolic patterns were analyzed by high-throughput liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics strategy coupled with chemometric evaluation. Sixteen metabolites (nine upregulated and seven downregulated) were differentially expressed and may thus serve as potential urinary biomarkers for human GC. These metabolites were mainly involved in multiple metabolic pathways, including citrate cycle (malic acid, succinic acid, 2-oxoglutarate, citric acid), cyanoamino acid metabolism (glycine, alanine), primary bile acid biosynthesis (glycine, taurine, glycocholic acid), arginine and proline metabolism (urea, L-proline), and fatty acid metabolism (hexadecanoic acid), among others. Network analysis validated close association between these identified metabolites and altered metabolic pathways in a variety of biological processes. These results suggest that urine metabolic profiles have great potential in detecting GC and may aid in understanding its underlying mechanisms. It provides insight into disease pathophysiology and can serve as the basis for developing disease biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for GC diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China,
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Maldini M, Natella F, Baima S, Morelli G, Scaccini C, Langridge J, Astarita G. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Predominant Alterations in Lipid Metabolism Following Light Exposure in Broccoli Sprouts. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13678-91. [PMID: 26084047 PMCID: PMC4490517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae (e.g., broccoli and cauliflower) is linked to a reduced incidence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The molecular composition of such plants is strongly affected by growing conditions. Here we developed an unbiased metabolomics approach to investigate the effect of light and dark exposure on the metabolome of broccoli sprouts and we applied such an approach to provide a bird’s-eye view of the overall metabolic response after light exposure. Broccoli seeds were germinated and grown hydroponically for five days in total darkness or with a light/dark photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark cycle). We used an ultra-performance liquid-chromatography system coupled to an ion-mobility, time-of-flight mass spectrometer to profile the large array of metabolites present in the sprouts. Differences at the metabolite level between groups were analyzed using multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Altered metabolites were identified by searching publicly available and in-house databases. Metabolite pathway analyses were used to support the identification of subtle but significant changes among groups of related metabolites that may have gone unnoticed with conventional approaches. Besides the chlorophyll pathway, light exposure activated the biosynthesis and metabolism of sterol lipids, prenol lipids, and polyunsaturated lipids, which are essential for the photosynthetic machinery. Our results also revealed that light exposure increased the levels of polyketides, including flavonoids, and oxylipins, which play essential roles in the plant’s developmental processes and defense mechanism against herbivores. This study highlights the significant contribution of light exposure to the ultimate metabolic phenotype, which might affect the cellular physiology and nutritional value of broccoli sprouts. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of an unbiased omics approach for the comprehensive study of the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Maldini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Fausta Natella
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simona Baima
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Scaccini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA), 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - James Langridge
- Waters Corporation, Health Sciences, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Waters Corporation, Health Sciences, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Lv M, Sun J, Wang M, Huang W, Fan H, Xu F, Zhang Z. GC-MS based metabolomics study of stems and roots of Ephedra sinica. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:49-52. [PMID: 26004227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of herbal medicines differ greatly due to the use of different anatomical parts or processing methods in traditional Chinese medicine, and Ephedra sinica (ES) is just a case in point. To better understand different traditional uses of the stems (known as Mahuang, MH) and roots (known as Mahuanggen, MHG) of ES, their therapeutic material basis should be investigated. In this study, ephedrine alkaloids were profiled simultaneously with primary metabolites using GC-MS based metabolomics. Ephedrine (E) has been reported to be the major bioactive constituent in MH for the treatment of asthma. The results showed that compared with MH, MHG contained much lower levels of five ephedrine alkaloids, which may well explain that MHG has not been used as an antiasthmatic. Additionally, these pharmacologically important ephedrine alkaloids exhibited strong positive correlation with five primary metabolites. In conclusion, this study facilitates better understanding of different traditional uses of MH and MHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Yu H, Pan Y, Wu H, Ge X, Zhang Q, Zhu F, Cai B. The alum-processing mechanism attenuating toxicity of Araceae Pinellia ternata and Pinellia pedatisecta. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1810-21. [PMID: 25690982 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study aimed at investigating the alum-processing mechanism attenuating toxicity of Araceae Pinellia ternata and Pinellia pedatisecta. Animal retroperitoneal inflammatory model in vivo and macrophagocyte release inflammatory factor model in vitro were used to detect the effect of alum processing on raphides and lectin. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the change in raphides during processing; HPLC method was used to determine the correlation between the dissolution and corrosion of raphides and ion in the alum solution; (27)Al-NMR technology was used to detect the relationship between aluminum oxalate complex formation and the dissolved and corrosion of raphides. The change in protein peptide sequence of lectin during the processing of alum solution was determined by Shotgun LC-MS assay. Raphides induced severe rabbit conjunctival edema and an intraperitoneal injection of lectin increased PGE2 and protein in mice peritoneal exudate, while decreased after treatment with alum solution processing. During the processing raphides was dissolved and corroded, then its structure was damaged. Raphides was soaked in the alum solution and significantly decreased the oxalate content, and the effect was related with Al(3+) in the alum. Al(3+) in the alum combined with C2O4(2-) of raphides into a stable complex compound promoted the dissolution of calcium oxalate. Raphides soaked in the alum made lectin proteins dissolve, whereas protein peptide sequence of lectin was changed and the protein structure was damaged. CONCLUSION Alum solution could decrease the toxicity of P. ternata (Thunb.) Breit. and P. pedatisecta Schott. Since it made a special crystal structure of raphides damage and the protein of lectin dissolve. The structure of toxic substances significantly changed, which decreased the inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuyun Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fagen Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Zhou G, Tang L, Zhou X, Wang T, Kou Z, Wang Z. A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the processed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 160:173-93. [PMID: 25479152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The processed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Ranunculaceae), an extensively used traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Fuzi in China (Chinese: ), "bushi" in Japan, "Kyeong-Po Buja" in Korea, Chinese aconite, monkshood or Chinese wolfsbane. It has been used to treat shock resulting from acute myocardial infarction, low blood pressure, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper aims to provide an up-to-date review at the advancements of the investigations on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological effect and toxicity of Fuzi. Besides, the possible tendency and perspective for future research of this plant are discussed, as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS All available information on Fuzi was collected via electronic search (using Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and Web of Science), books and classic works about Chinese herb. RESULTS 122 chemical constituents, among which C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and C20-diterpenoid alkaloids are the predominant groups, have been isolated and identified from Fuzi. Fuzi with its active compounds is possessed of wide-reaching biological activities, including effects on cardiovascular system, anti-inflammation and analgesic action, anti-tumor activity, effect on the immune system, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, anti-aging effect, effect of protecting kidney and effect on energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Nearly all of compounds were found from the roots of the plant, so further phytochemical studies should focus more on the other parts of the plant, such as the leaves, flowers or stems. Besides, a majority of the pharmacological studies were carried out using crude and poorly characterized extracts. Thus, more bioactive components particularly cardiotonic and analgesic compounds should be identified through bioactivity-guided isolation strategies. Moreover, investigations on how to develop Fuzi׳s new clinical usage on the basis of its pharmacological effects are in requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xidan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhenzhen Kou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhuju Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Ave., Beijing 100700, China.
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Guo H, Li H, Liu X, Cai H, Wu L, Cai BC. Development and validation of a HPLC-UV-ESI-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of ten bioactive compounds in Dahuang Fuzi Tang. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:952-60. [PMID: 25556067 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ultraviolet (UV) detector method for the acid-alkaline simultaneous determination of ten bioactive compounds, and analyze the effect of compatible medicinal plants on the concentration of components in Dahuang Fuzi Tang (DFT). METHOD The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 analytical column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and formate buffer (containing 0.15% formic acid, V/V) at 25 °C with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min(-1) and UV detection at 280 nm. Four of the ten compounds in DFT were identified and their MS fragments were elucidated by HPLC-ESI-MS, and the contents of the six compounds were determined by HPLC-UV. RESULTS All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r(2) ≥ 0.9990). The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.021-0.155 -g·mL(-1) and 0.076-0.520 -g·mL(-1), respectively. Overall precision RSD (intra-day and inter-day) were less than 2.96%, and the average recoveries were 98.35%-101.45%, with RSD ranging from 1.54% to 3.01% for the analytes. CONCLUSION The developed method can be applied for the quality control and provide analytical evidence on the chemical basis and combinational principles of DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing 210061, China.
| | - Hao Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bao-Chang Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing 210061, China.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Yang B, Wang Y, Hou Z, Li A, Xu Y, Ju L, Wu H, Zhang Y. A practical and novel “standard addition” strategy to screen pharmacodynamic components in traditional Chinese medicine using Heishunpian as an example. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard addition strategy allows accurate pharmacodynamic compounds screening and embodies the systematic nature of TCM.
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Yang H, Yin H, Wang Z, Fan L, Li Q, Zhu X. Multi-composition analysis inRadix Aconiti Lateralisby single marker quantitation. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu Y, Wang H, Zhang Y. Exploring processing adjuvants' influence on traditional Chinese medicine compatibility of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Pinelliae rhizome using rapid resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:483-90. [PMID: 25422550 PMCID: PMC4239727 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.141771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is known that when crude Pinelliae rhizome and Pinelliae rhizoma preparatum are combined with Aconiti Radix Cocta respectively, the toxicity of the combination varies. However, the component's transformation between different compatibility have remained unclear. Objective: In this paper, a novel approach using rapid resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was established for exploring the influence of processing adjuvants (PAs) on the compatibility of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Pinelliae rhizome. Materials and Methods: In order to obtain information about the representative markers between different groups, an exhaustive study of different protocols based on adding or removing different PAs step by step was carried out and the influence of PAs on compatibility was investigated. Results: It was found that lime can facilitate diester diterpenoid alkaloids with high toxicity in Aconiti Radix Cocta to be converted into low-toxic or non-toxic derivatives. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma had no remarkable effect on the process. Conclusion: The established method in this study will be of great significance to process research mechanism and study on traditional Chinese Medicine compatibility and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
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50
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Ho A, Wong L, Yong P, Chen H, Zhao Z. Distribution of toxic alkaloids in tissues from three herbal medicine Aconitum species using laser micro-dissection, UHPLC-QTOF MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:155-174. [PMID: 25172517 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aconite poisoning continues to be a major type of poisoning caused by herbal drugs in many countries. Nevertheless, despite its toxic characteristics, aconite is used because of its valuable therapeutic benefits. The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of toxic alkaloids in tissues of aconite roots through chemical profiling. Three species were studied, all being used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), namely: Aconitum carmichaelii, Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum heterophyllum. Laser micro-dissection was used for isolation of target microscopic tissues, such as the metaderm, cortex, xylem, pith, and phloem, with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) employed for detection of metabolites. Using a multi-targeted approach through auto and targeted LC-MS/MS, 48 known compounds were identified and the presence of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine that are the biomarkers of this plant was confirmed in the tissues. These results suggest that the three selected toxic alkaloids were exclusively found in A. carmichaelii and A. kusnezoffii. The most toxic components were found in large A. carmichaelii roots with more lateral root projections, and specifically in the metaderm, cork and vascular bundle tissues. The results from metabolite profiling were correlated with morphological features to predict the tissue specific distribution of toxic components and toxicity differences among the selected species. By careful exclusion of tissues having toxic diester diterpenoid alkaloids, the beneficial effects of aconite can still be retained and the frequency of toxicity occurrences can be greatly reduced. Knowledge of tissue-specific metabolite distribution can guide users and herbal drug manufacturers in prudent selection of relatively safer and therapeutically more effective parts of the root. The information provided from this study can contribute towards improved and effective management of therapeutically important, nonetheless, toxic drug such as Aconite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Jaiswal
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Alan Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - LaiLai Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Peng Yong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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