1
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Cancellieri MC, Nobbio C, Gatti FG, Brenna E, Parmeggiani F. Applications of biocatalytic CC bond reductions in the synthesis of flavours and fragrances. J Biotechnol 2024; 390:13-27. [PMID: 38761886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology and biocatalysis can provide very effective synthetic tools to increase the sustainability of the production of fine chemicals, especially flavour and fragrance (F&F) ingredients, the market demand of which has been constantly increasing in the last years. One of the most important transformations in F&F chemistry is the reduction of CC bonds, typically carried out with metal-catalysed hydrogenations or hydride-based reagents. Its biocatalytic counterpart is a competitive alternative, showcasing a range of advantages such as excellent chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity, ease of implementation, mild reaction conditions and modest environmental impact. In the present review, the application of biocatalysed alkene reductions (from microbial fermentations with wild-type strains to engineered isolated ene-reductase enzymes) to synthetic processes useful for the F&F industry will be described, highlighting not only the exquisite stereoselectivity achieved, but also the overall improvement when chirality is not involved. Multi-enzymatic cascades involving CC bioreductions are also examined, which allow much greater chemical complexity to be built in one-pot biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Cancellieri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Celeste Nobbio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco G Gatti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
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2
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Gemmecker Y, Winiarska A, Hege D, Kahnt J, Seubert A, Szaleniec M, Heider J. A pH-dependent shift of redox cofactor specificity in a benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase of aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:410. [PMID: 38976076 PMCID: PMC11231019 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
We characterise a reversible bacterial zinc-containing benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase (BaDH) accepting either NAD+ or NADP+ as a redox cofactor. Remarkably, its redox cofactor specificity is pH-dependent with the phosphorylated cofactors favored at lower and the dephospho-forms at higher pH. BaDH also shows different steady-state kinetic behavior with the two cofactor forms. From a structural model, the pH-dependent shift may affect the charge of a histidine in the 2'-phosphate-binding pocket of the redox cofactor binding site. The enzyme is phylogenetically affiliated to a new subbranch of the Zn-containing alcohol dehydrogenases, which share this conserved residue. BaDH appears to have some specificity for its substrate, but also turns over many substituted benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde variants, as well as compounds containing a conjugated C=C double bond with the aldehyde carbonyl group. However, compounds with an sp3-hybridised C next to the alcohol/aldehyde group are not or only weakly turned over. The enzyme appears to contain a Zn in its catalytic site and a mixture of Zn and Fe in its structural metal-binding site. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of BaDH in an enzyme cascade reaction with an acid-reducing tungsten enzyme to reduce benzoate to benzyl alcohol. KEY POINTS: •Zn-containing BaDH has activity with either NAD + or NADP+ at different pH optima. •BaDH converts a broad range of substrates. •BaDH is used in a cascade reaction for the reduction of benzoate to benzyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gemmecker
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Winiarska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Hege
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Seubert
- Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Szaleniec
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Johann Heider
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
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3
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Zhang L, Sun Z, Xu G, Ni Y. Classification and functional origins of stereocomplementary alcohol dehydrogenases for asymmetric synthesis of chiral secondary alcohols: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132238. [PMID: 38729463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) mediated biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of ketones have been widely applied in the synthesis of optically active secondary alcohols with highly reactive hydroxyl groups ligated to the stereogenic carbon and divided into (R)- and (S)-configurations. Stereocomplementary ADHs could be applied in the synthesis of both enantiomers and are increasingly accepted as the "first of choice" in green chemistry due to the high atomic economy, low environmental factor, 100 % theoretical yield, and high environmentally friendliness. Due to the equal importance of complementary alcohols, development of stereocomplementary ADHs draws increasing attention. This review is committed to summarize recent advance in discovery of naturally evolved and tailor-made stereocomplementary ADHs, unveil the molecular mechanism of stereoselective catalysis in views of classification and functional basis, and provide guidance for further engineering the stereoselectivity of ADHs for the industrial biosynthesis of chiral secondary alcohol of industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zewen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guochao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Ni
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Wang W, Tachibana R, Zou Z, Chen D, Zhang X, Lau K, Pojer F, Ward TR, Hu X. Manganese Transfer Hydrogenases Based on the Biotin-Streptavidin Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311896. [PMID: 37671593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial (transfer) hydrogenases have been developed for organic synthesis, but they rely on precious metals. Native hydrogenases use Earth-abundant metals, but these cannot be applied for organic synthesis due, in part, to their substrate specificity. Herein, we report the design and development of manganese transfer hydrogenases based on the biotin-streptavidin technology. By incorporating bio-mimetic Mn(I) complexes into the binding cavity of streptavidin, and through chemo-genetic optimization, we have obtained artificial enzymes that hydrogenate ketones with nearly quantitative yield and up to 98 % enantiomeric excess (ee). These enzymes exhibit broad substrate scope and high functional-group tolerance. According to QM/MM calculations and X-ray crystallography, the S112Y mutation, combined with the appropriate chemical structure of the Mn cofactor plays a critical role in the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the artificial metalloenzyme (ArMs). Our work highlights the potential of ArMs incorporating base-meal cofactors for enantioselective organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ryo Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dongping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility (PTPSP), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility (PTPSP), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Tang Y, Xiao D, Liu C. Two-Step Epimerization of Deoxynivalenol by Quinone-Dependent Dehydrogenase and Candida parapsilosis ACCC 20221. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040286. [PMID: 37104224 PMCID: PMC10146952 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the main mycotoxins with enteric toxicity, genetic toxicity, and immunotoxicity, and is widely found in corn, barley, wheat, and rye. In order to achieve effective detoxification of DON, the least toxic 3-epi-DON (1/357th of the toxicity of DON) was chosen as the target for degradation. Quinone-dependent dehydrogenase (QDDH) reported from Devosia train D6-9 detoxifies DON by converting C3-OH to a ketone group with toxicity of less than 1/10 that of DON. In this study, the recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-QDDH was constructed and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Within 12 h, recombinant QDDH converted 78.46% of the 20 μg/mL DON to 3-keto-DON. Candida parapsilosis ACCC 20221 was screened for its activity in reducing 86.59% of 3-keto-DON within 48 h; its main products were identified as 3-epi-DON and DON. In addition, a two-step method was performed for epimerizing DON: 12 h catalysis by recombinant QDDH and 6 h transformation of the C. parapsilosis ACCC 20221 cell catalyst. The production rates of 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON were 51.59% and 32.57%, respectively, after manipulation. Through this study, effective detoxification of 84.16% of DON was achieved, with the products being mainly 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wu Shan, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dingna Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wu Shan, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chendi Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wu Shan, Guangzhou 510640, China
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6
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Sardauna AE, Abdulrasheed M, Nzila A, Musa MM. Biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of prochiral bulky-bulky ketones. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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7
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Rodríguez-Salamanca P, de Gonzalo G, Carmona JA, López-Serrano J, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM, Hornillos V. Biocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N-Arylindoles via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez-Salamanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A. Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Biocatalytic hydrogen-transfer to access enantiomerically pure proxyphylline, xanthinol, and diprophylline. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Dinh T, Rahn KT, Phillips RS. Crystallographic snapshots of ternary complexes of thermophilic secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from
Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus
reveal the dynamics of ligand exchange and the proton relay network. Proteins 2022; 90:1570-1583. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung Dinh
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - K. Troy Rahn
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Robert S. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
- Center for Metalloenzyme Studies University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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10
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Pan Y, Bao J, Zhang X, Ni H, Zhao Y, Zhi F, Fang B, He X, Zhang JZH, Zhang L. Rational Design of P450 aMOx for Improving Anti-Markovnikov Selectivity Based on the “Butterfly” Model. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:888721. [PMID: 35677881 PMCID: PMC9168652 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.888721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic aldehydes are important industrial raw materials mainly synthesized by anti-Markovnikov (AM) oxidation of corresponding aromatic olefins. The AM product selectivity remains a big challenge. P450 aMOx is the first reported enzyme that could catalyze AM oxidation of aromatic olefins. Here, we reported a rational design strategy based on the “butterfly” model of the active site of P450 aMOx. Constrained molecular dynamic simulations and a binding energy analysis of key residuals combined with an experimental alanine scan were applied. As a result, the mutant A275G showed high AM selectivity of >99%. The results also proved that the “butterfly” model is an effective design strategy for enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxiao Bao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengdong Zhi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohuan Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao He, ; John Z. H. Zhang, ; Lujia Zhang,
| | - John Z. H. Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiao He, ; John Z. H. Zhang, ; Lujia Zhang,
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao He, ; John Z. H. Zhang, ; Lujia Zhang,
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11
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Musa MM. Alcohol Dehydrogenases with anti-Prelog Stereopreference in Synthesis of Enantiopure Alcohols. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202100251. [PMID: 35191611 PMCID: PMC8973272 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic production of both enantiomers of optically active alcohols with high enantiopurities is of great interest in industry. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) represent an important class of enzymes that could be used as catalysts to produce optically active alcohols from their corresponding prochiral ketones. This review covers examples of the synthesis of optically active alcohols using ADHs that exhibit anti‐Prelog stereopreference. Both wild‐type and engineered ADHs that exhibit anti‐Prelog stereopreference are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa M Musa
- Department of Chemistry Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zhang N, Müller B, Ørtoft Kirkeby T, Kara S, Loderer C. Development of a thioredoxin based cofactor regeneration system for NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductases. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Aarhus University: Aarhus Universitet Department of Biological and Chemical Enginnering Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus DENMARK
| | - Beatrice Müller
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Chair of Molecular Biotechnology 01217 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Tanja Ørtoft Kirkeby
- Aarhus University: Aarhus Universitet Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus DENMARK
| | - Selin Kara
- Aarhus University: Aarhus Universitet Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus DENMARK
| | - Christoph Loderer
- TU Dresden Chair for Molecular Biotechnology Zellescher Weg 20b 01217 Dresden GERMANY
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13
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Brazilian contributions to alcohol dehydrogenases-catalyzed reactions throughout the 21st century. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Gu J, Sim BR, Li J, Yu Y, Qin L, Wu L, Shen Y, Nie Y, Zhao YL, Xu Y. Evolutionary coupling-inspired engineering of alcohol dehydrogenase reveals the influence of distant sites on its catalytic efficiency for stereospecific synthesis of chiral alcohols. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5864-5873. [PMID: 34815831 PMCID: PMC8572861 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has attracted much attention due to its ability to catalyze the synthesis of important chiral alcohol pharmaceutical intermediates with high stereoselectivity. ADH protein engineering efforts have generally focused on reshaping the substrate-binding pocket. However, distant sites outside the pocket may also affect its activity, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The current study aimed to apply evolutionary coupling-inspired engineering to the ADH CpRCR and to identify potential mutation sites. Through conservative analysis, phylogenic analysis and residues distribution analysis, the co-evolution hotspots Leu34 and Leu137 were confirmed to be highly evolved under the pressure of natural selection and to be possibly related to the catalytic function of the protein. Hence, Leu34 and Leu137, far away from the active center, were selected for mutation. The generated CpRCR-L34A and CpRCR-L137V variants showed high stereoselectivity and 1.24-7.81 fold increase in k cat /K m value compared with that of the wild type, when reacted with 8 aromatic ketones or β-ketoesters. Corresponding computational study implied that L34 and L137 may extend allosteric fluctuation in the protein structure from the distal mutational site to the active site. Moreover, the L34 and L137 mutations modified the pre-reaction state in multiple ways, in terms of position of the hydride with respect to the target carbonyl. These findings provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme and facilitate its regulation from the perspective of the site interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Byu Ri Sim
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, MOE-LSB & MOE-LSC, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yangqing Yu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lunjie Wu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute of Jiangnan University, Suqian 223814, China
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, MOE-LSB & MOE-LSC, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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15
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Expression, purification and X-ray crystal diffraction analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 from Artemisia annua L. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 187:105943. [PMID: 34273542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 identified from Artemisia annua (AaADH1) is a 40 kDa protein that predominately expressed in young leaves and buds, and catalyzes dehydrogenation of artemisinic alcohol to artemisinic aldehyde in artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, AaADH1 encoding gene was subcloned into vector pET-21a(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli. BL21(DE3), and purified by Co2+ affinity chromatography. Anion exchange chromatography was performed until the protein purity reached more than 90%. Crystallization of AaADH1 was conducted for further investigation of the molecular mechanism of catalysis, and hanging-drop vapour diffusion method was used in experiments. The results showed that the apo AaADH1 crystal diffracted to 2.95 Å resolution, and belongs to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters, a = 77.53 Å, b = 78.49 Å, c = 102.44 Å, α = 71.88°, β = 74.02°, γ = 59.97°. The crystallization condition consists of 0.1 M Bis-Tris pH 6.0, 13% (w/v) PEG 8000 and 5% (v/v) glycerol.
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Ribeaucourt D, Bissaro B, Lambert F, Lafond M, Berrin JG. Biocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohols into aldehydes for the flavors and fragrances industry. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 56:107787. [PMID: 34147589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
From Egyptian mummies to the Chanel n°5 perfume, fatty aldehydes have long been used and keep impacting our senses in a wide range of foods, beverages and perfumes. Natural sources of fatty aldehydes are threatened by qualitative and quantitative variability while traditional chemical routes are insufficient to answer the society shift toward more sustainable and natural products. The production of fatty aldehydes using biotechnologies is therefore the most promising alternative for the flavors and fragrances industry. In this review, after drawing the portrait of the origin and characteristics of fragrant fatty aldehydes, we present the three main classes of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of fatty alcohols oxidation into aldehydes, namely alcohol dehydrogenases, flavin-dependent alcohol oxidases and copper radical alcohol oxidases. The constraints, challenges and opportunities to implement these oxidative enzymes in the flavors and fragrances industry are then discussed. By setting the scene on the biocatalytic production of fatty aldehydes, and providing a critical assessment of its potential, we expect this review to contribute to the development of biotechnology-based solutions in the flavors and fragrances industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ribeaucourt
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France; V. Mane Fils, 620 route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar sur Loup, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Lambert
- V. Mane Fils, 620 route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar sur Loup, France
| | - Mickael Lafond
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Abstract
Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are flavin-dependent oxidative enzymes capable of catalyzing the insertion of an oxygen atom between a carbonylic Csp2 and the Csp3 at the alpha position, therefore transforming linear and cyclic ketones into esters and lactones. These enzymes are dependent on nicotinamides (NAD(P)H) for the flavin reduction and subsequent reaction with molecular oxygen. BVMOs can be included in cascade reactions, coupled to other redox enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) or ene-reductases (EREDs), so that the direct conversion of alcohols or α,β-unsaturated carbonylic compounds to the corresponding esters can be achieved. In the present review, the different synthetic methodologies that have been performed by employing multienzymatic strategies with BVMOs combining whole cells or isolated enzymes, through sequential or parallel methods, are described, with the aim of highlighting the advantages of performing multienzymatic systems, and show the recent advances for overcoming the drawbacks of using BVMOs in these techniques.
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Musa MM, Vieille C, Phillips RS. Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus and Thermoanaerobacter brockii as Robust Catalysts. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1884-1893. [PMID: 33594812 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are an important type of enzyme that have significant applications as biocatalysts. Secondary ADHs from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus (TeSADH) and Thermoanaerobacter brockii (TbSADH) are well-known as robust catalysts. However, like most other ADHs, these enzymes suffer from their high substrate specificities (i. e., limited substrate scope), which to some extent restricts their use as biocatalysts. This minireview discusses recent efforts to expand the substrate scope and tune the enantioselectivity of TeSADH and TbSADH by using site-directed mutagenesis and directed evolution. Various examples of asymmetric synthesis of optically active alcohols using both enzymes are highlighted. Moreover, the unique thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance of these enzymes is illustrated by their concurrent inclusion with other interesting reactions to synthesize optically active alcohols and amines. For instance, TeSADH has been used in quantitative non-stereoselective oxidation of alcohols to deracemize alcohols via cyclic deracemization and in the racemization of enantiopure alcohols to accomplish a bienzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa M Musa
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claire Vieille
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert S Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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20
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Tseliou V, Schilder D, Masman MF, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Generation of Oxidoreductases with Dual Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Amine Dehydrogenase Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:3315-3325. [PMID: 33073866 PMCID: PMC7898336 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The l-lysine-ϵ-dehydrogenase (LysEDH) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus naturally catalyzes the oxidative deamination of the ϵ-amino group of l-lysine. We previously engineered this enzyme to create amine dehydrogenase (AmDH) variants that possess a new hydrophobic cavity in their active site such that aromatic ketones can bind and be converted into α-chiral amines with excellent enantioselectivity. We also recently observed that LysEDH was capable of reducing aromatic aldehydes into primary alcohols. Herein, we harnessed the promiscuous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity of LysEDH to create new variants that exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for the reduction of substituted benzaldehydes and arylaliphatic aldehydes to primary alcohols. Notably, these novel engineered dehydrogenases also catalyzed the reductive amination of a variety of aldehydes and ketones with excellent enantioselectivity, thus exhibiting a dual AmDH/ADH activity. We envisioned that the catalytic bi-functionality of these enzymes could be applied for the direct conversion of alcohols into amines. As a proof-of-principle, we performed an unprecedented one-pot "hydrogen-borrowing" cascade to convert benzyl alcohol to benzylamine using a single enzyme. Conducting the same biocatalytic cascade in the presence of cofactor recycling enzymes (i.e., NADH-oxidase and formate dehydrogenase) increased the reaction yields. In summary, this work provides the first examples of enzymes showing "alcohol aminase" activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tseliou
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Don Schilder
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcelo F. Masman
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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21
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Cheng F, Chen Y, Qiu S, Zhai QY, Liu HT, Li SF, Weng CY, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Controlling Stereopreferences of Carbonyl Reductases for Enantioselective Synthesis of Atorvastatin Precursor. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yue Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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22
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Influence of Culture Conditions on the Bioreduction of Organic Acids to Alcohols by Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010162. [PMID: 33445711 PMCID: PMC7828175 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoanaerobacter species have recently been observed to reduce carboxylic acids to their corresponding alcohols. The present investigation shows that Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus converts C2-C6 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to their corresponding alcohols in the presence of glucose. The conversion yields varied from 21% of 3-methyl-1-butyrate to 57.9% of 1-pentanoate being converted to their corresponding alcohols. Slightly acidic culture conditions (pH 6.5) was optimal for the reduction. By increasing the initial glucose concentration, an increase in the conversion of SCFAs reduced to their corresponding alcohols was observed. Inhibitory experiments on C2-C8 alcohols showed that C4 and higher alcohols are inhibitory to T. pseudoethanolicus suggesting that other culture modes may be necessary to improve the amount of fatty acids reduced to the analogous alcohol. The reduction of SCFAs to their corresponding alcohols was further demonstrated using 13C-labelled fatty acids and the conversion was followed kinetically. Finally, increased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde oxidation activity was observed in cultures of T. pseudoethanolicus grown on glucose as compared to glucose supplemented with either 3-methyl-1-butyrate or pentanoate, using both NADH and NADPH as cofactors, although the presence of the latter showed higher ADH and aldehyde oxidoreductase (ALDH) activity.
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González‐Martínez D, Gotor V, Gotor‐Fernández V. Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Alcohols through One‐pot Reactions using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Amine Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor‐Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Asturias Spain
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24
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Breaking Molecular Symmetry through Biocatalytic Reactions to Gain Access to Valuable Chiral Synthons. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review the recent reports of biocatalytic reactions applied to the desymmetrization of meso-compounds or symmetric prochiral molecules are summarized. The survey of literature from 2015 up to date reveals that lipases are still the most used enzymes for this goal, due to their large substrate tolerance, stability in different reaction conditions and commercial availability. However, a growing interest is focused on the use of other purified enzymes or microbial whole cells to expand the portfolio of exploitable reactions and the molecular diversity of substrates to be transformed. Biocatalyzed desymmetrization is nowadays recognized as a reliable and efficient approach for the preparation of pharmaceuticals or natural bioactive compounds and many processes have been scaled up for multigram preparative purposes, also in continuous-flow conditions.
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25
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Zhou J, Xu G, Ni Y. Stereochemistry in Asymmetric Reduction of Bulky–Bulky Ketones by Alcohol Dehydrogenases. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Guochao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Ni
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
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26
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Scully SM, Orlygsson J. Biotransformation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols: Characterization of Thermoanaerobacter Strain AK152 and 1-Propanol Production via Propionate Reduction. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060945. [PMID: 32586016 PMCID: PMC7356315 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoanaerobacter strains have recently gained interest because of their ability to convert short chain fatty acids to alcohols using actively growing cells. Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus strain AK152 was physiologically investigated for its ethanol and other alcohol formation. The temperature and pH optimum of the strain was 70 °C and pH 7.0 and the strain degraded a variety of compounds present in lignocellulosic biomass like monosaccharides, disaccharides, and starch. The strain is highly ethanologenic, producing up to 86% of the theoretical ethanol yield form hexoses. Strain AK152 was inhibited by relatively low initial substrate (30 mM) concentration, leading to inefficient degradation of glucose and levelling up of all end-product formation. The present study shows that the strain produces alcohols from most of the tested carboxylic acids, with the highest yields for propionate conversion to propanol (40.7%) with kinetic studies demonstrating that the maximum conversion happens within the first 48 h of fermentation. Various physiological tests were performed to maximize the acid conversion to the alcohol which reveals that the optimum pH for propionate conversion is pH 6.7 which affords a 57.3% conversion. Kinetic studies reveal that propionate conversion is rapid, achieving a maximum conversion within the first 48 h of fermentation. Finally, by using 13C NMR, it was shown that the addition of propionate indeed converted to propanol.
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27
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Yang Z, Ye W, Xie Y, Liu Q, Chen R, Wang H, Wei D. Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Ethyl (S)-4-Chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate Using Alcohol Dehydrogenase SmADH31 with High Tolerance of Substrate and Product in a Monophasic Aqueous System. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wenjie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Youyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qinghai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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28
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Control of enantioselectivity in the enzymatic reduction of halogenated acetophenone analogs by substituent positions and sizes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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29
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Koesoema AA, Standley DM, Senda T, Matsuda T. Impact and relevance of alcohol dehydrogenase enantioselectivities on biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2897-2909. [PMID: 32060695 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the reversible reduction of a carbonyl group to its corresponding alcohol. ADHs are widely employed for organic synthesis due to their lack of harm to the environment, broad substrate acceptance, and high enantioselectivity. This review focuses on the impact and relevance of ADH enantioselectivities on their biotechnological application. Stereoselective ADHs are beneficial to reduce challenging ketones such as ketones owning two bulky substituents or similar-sized substituents to the carbonyl carbon. Meanwhile, in cascade reactions, non-stereoselective ADHs can be utilized for the quantitative oxidation of racemic alcohol to ketone and dynamic kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Ayu Koesoema
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Daron M Standley
- Department of Genome Informatics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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30
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Shen W, Chen Y, Qiu S, Wang DN, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Semi-rational engineering of a Kluyveromyces lactis aldo-keto reductase KlAKR for improved catalytic efficiency towards t-butyl 6-cyano-(3R, 5R)-dihydroxyhexanoate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 132:109413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Significantly enhancing the biocatalytic synthesis of chiral alcohols by semi-rationally engineering an anti-Prelog carbonyl reductase from Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Reversible control of enantioselectivity by the length of ketone substituent in biocatalytic reduction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9529-9541. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Branched-chain amino acid catabolism of Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus reveals potential route to branched-chain alcohol formation. Extremophiles 2019; 24:121-133. [PMID: 31654148 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fermentation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) to branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and branched-chain alcohols (BCOHs) is described using Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus. BCAAs were not degraded without an electron scavenging system but were degraded to a mixture of their BCFA (major) and BCOH (minor) when thiosulfate was added to the culture. Various environmental parameters were investigated using isoleucine as the substrate which ultimately demonstrated that at higher liquid-gas phase ratios the formation of 2-methyl-1-butanol from isoleucine achieved a maximal titer of 3.4 mM at a 1:1 liquid-gas ratio suggesting that higher partial pressure of hydrogen influences the BCOH/BCFA ratio but did not increase further with higher L-G phase ratios. Alternately, increasing the thiosulfate concentration decreased the BCOH to BCFA ratio. Kinetic monitoring of BCAA degradation revealed that the formation of BCOHs occurs slowly after the onset of BCFA formation. 13C2-labeled studies of leucine confirmed the production of a mixture of 3-methyl-1-butyrate and 3-methyl-1-butanol, while experiments involving 13C1-labeled 3-methyl-1-butyrate in fermentations containing leucine demonstrated that the carboxylic acid is reduced to the corresponding alcohol. Thus, the role of carboxylic acid reduction is likely of importance in the production of BCOH formation during the degradation of BCAA such as leucine.
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Yu H, Qiu S, Cheng F, Cheng YN, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Improving the catalytic efficiency of aldo-keto reductase KmAKR towards t-butyl 6-cyano-(3R,5R)-dihydroxyhexanoate via semi-rational design. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wu K, Zheng K, Xiong L, Yang Z, Jiang Z, Meng X, Shao L. Efficient synthesis of an antiviral drug intermediate using an enhanced short-chain dehydrogenase in an aqueous-organic solvent system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4417-4427. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Improvement of carbonyl reductase activity for the bioproduction of tert-butyl (3R,5S)-6-chloro-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:733-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Knaus T, Tseliou V, Humphreys LD, Scrutton NS, Mutti FG. A biocatalytic method for the chemoselective aerobic oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2018; 20:3931-3943. [PMID: 33568964 PMCID: PMC7116709 DOI: 10.1039/c8gc01381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a study on the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids using three recombinant aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). The ALDHs were used in purified form with a nicotinamide oxidase (NOx), which recycles the catalytic NAD+ at the expense of dioxygen (air at atmospheric pressure). The reaction was studied also with lyophilised whole cell as well as resting cell biocatalysts for more convenient practical application. The optimised biocatalytic oxidation runs in phosphate buffer at pH 8.5 and at 40 °C. From a set of sixty-one aliphatic, aryl-aliphatic, benzylic, hetero-aromatic and bicyclic aldehydes, fifty were converted with elevated yield (up to >99%). The exceptions were a few ortho-substituted benzaldehydes, bicyclic heteroaromatic aldehydes and 2-phenylpropanal. In all cases, the expected carboxylic acid was shown to be the only product (>99% chemoselectivity). Other oxidisable functionalities within the same molecule (e.g. hydroxyl, alkene, and heteroaromatic nitrogen or sulphur atoms) remained untouched. The reaction was scaled for the oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (2 g), a bio-based starting material, to afford 5-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid in 61% isolated yield. The new biocatalytic method avoids the use of toxic or unsafe oxidants, strong acids or bases, or undesired solvents. It shows applicability across a wide range of substrates, and retains perfect chemoselectivity. Alternative oxidisable groups were not converted, and other classical side-reactions (e.g. halogenation of unsaturated functionalities, Dakin-type oxidation) did not occur. In comparison to other established enzymatic methods such as the use of oxidases (where the concomitant oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes is common), ALDHs offer greatly improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Knaus
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Vasilis Tseliou
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Luke D. Humphreys
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnel’s Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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Shah S, Agera R, Sharma P, Sunder AV, Singh H, James HM, Gaikaiwari RP, Wangikar PP. Development of biotransformation process for asymmetric reduction with novel anti-Prelog NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nie Y, Wang S, Xu Y, Luo S, Zhao YL, Xiao R, Montelione GT, Hunt JF, Szyperski T. Enzyme Engineering Based on X-ray Structures and Kinetic Profiling of Substrate Libraries: Alcohol Dehydrogenases for Stereospecific Synthesis of a Broad Range of Chiral Alcohols. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology, Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shannxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenggan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, MOE-LSB & MOE-LSC, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, MOE-LSB & MOE-LSC, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Gaetano T. Montelione
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John F. Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Thomas Szyperski
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Thai YC, Szekrenyi A, Qi Y, Black GW, Charnock SJ, Fessner WD. Fluorogenic kinetic assay for high-throughput discovery of stereoselective ketoreductases relevant to pharmaceutical synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1320-1326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Nealon CM, Kim CS, Dwamena AK, Phillips RS. Mutagenesis of Met-151 and Thr-153 to alanine in Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase changes substrate specificity for acetophenones. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 105:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Wei P, Cui YH, Zong MH, Xu P, Zhou J, Lou WY. Enzymatic characterization of a recombinant carbonyl reductase from Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017; 4:39. [PMID: 28913159 PMCID: PMC5573764 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061 could catalyze carbonyl compounds to chiral alcohols following anti-Prelog rule with excellent enantioselectivity. Therefore, the enzymatic characterization of carbonyl reductase (CR) from Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061 needs to be investigated. Results A CR from Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061 (AcCR) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. AcCR was purified and characterized, finding that AcCR as a dual coenzyme-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) was more preferred to NADH for biocatalytic reactions. The AcCR was activated and stable when the temperature was under 35 °C and the pH range was from 6.0 to 8.0 for the reduction of 4′-chloroacetophenone with NADH as coenzyme, and the optimal temperature and pH were 45 °C and 8.5, respectively, for the oxidation reaction of isopropanol with NAD+. The enzyme showed moderate thermostability with half-lives of 25.75 h at 35 °C and 13.93 h at 45 °C, respectively. Moreover, the AcCR has broad substrate specificity to a range of ketones and ketoesters, and could catalyze to produce chiral alcohol with e.e. >99% for the majority of tested substrates following the anti-Prelog rule. Conclusions The recombinant AcCR exhibited excellent enantioselectivity, broad substrate spectrum, and highly stereoselective anti-Prelog reduction of prochiral ketones. These results suggest that AcCR is a powerful catalyst for the production of anti-Prelog alcohols.The biocatalytic reactions conducted with the recombinant AcCR ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Yu-Han Cui
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Pei Xu
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
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Biocatalysts for the pharmaceutical industry created by structure-guided directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:1241-1251. [PMID: 28693917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes have been used for a long time as catalysts in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral intermediates needed in the production of therapeutic drugs. However, this alternative to man-made catalysts has suffered traditionally from distinct limitations, namely the often observed wrong or insufficient enantio- and/or regioselectivity, low activity, narrow substrate range, and insufficient thermostability. With the advent of directed evolution, these problems can be generally solved. The challenge is to develop and apply the most efficient mutagenesis methods which lead to highest-quality mutant libraries requiring minimal screening. Structure-guided saturation mutagenesis and its iterative form have emerged as the method of choice for evolving stereo- and regioselective mutant enzymes needed in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral intermediates. The number of (industrial) applications in the preparation of chiral pharmaceuticals is rapidly increasing. This review features and analyzes typical case studies.
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45
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Organocatalysis and Biocatalysis Hand in Hand: Combining Catalysts in One-Pot Procedures. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Chen L, Mulchandani A, Ge X. Spore-displayed enzyme cascade with tunable stoichiometry. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:383-389. [PMID: 27977916 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Taking the advantages of inert and stable nature of endospores, we developed a biocatalysis platform for multiple enzyme immobilization on Bacillus subtilis spore surface. Among B. subtilis outer coat proteins, CotG mediated a high expression level of Clostridium thermocellum cohesin (CtCoh) with a functional display capability of ∼104 molecules per spore of xylose reductase-C. thermocellum dockerin fusion protein (XR-CtDoc). By co-immobilization of phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) on spore surface via Ruminococcus flavefaciens cohesin-dockerin modules, regeneration of NADPH was achieved. Both xylose reductase (XR) and PTDH exhibited enhanced stability upon spore surface display. More importantly, by altering the copy numbers of CtCoh and RfCoh fused with CotG, the molar ratio between immobilized enzymes was adjusted in a controllable manner. Optimization of spore-displayed XR/PTDH stoichiometry resulted in increased yields of xylitol. In conclusion, endospore surface display presents a novel approach for enzyme cascade immobilization with improved stability and tunable stoichiometry. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:383-389, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Xin Ge
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
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47
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Zheng YG, Yin HH, Yu DF, Chen X, Tang XL, Zhang XJ, Xue YP, Wang YJ, Liu ZQ. Recent advances in biotechnological applications of alcohol dehydrogenases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:987-1001. [PMID: 28074225 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), which belong to the oxidoreductase superfamily, catalyze the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with high stereoselectivity under mild conditions. ADHs are widely employed as biocatalysts for the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic substrates and for the preparation of enantiomerically pure chemicals. This review provides an overview of biotechnological applications for ADHs in the production of chiral pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huan-Huan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Fu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Grosch JH, Wagner D, Nistelkas V, Spieß AC. Thermodynamic activity-based intrinsic enzyme kinetic sheds light on enzyme-solvent interactions. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:96-103. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Grosch
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Worringer Weg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering; TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56; Braunschweig 38106 Germany
| | - David Wagner
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Worringer Weg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50; Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Vasilios Nistelkas
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Worringer Weg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Antje C. Spieß
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Worringer Weg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering; TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56; Braunschweig 38106 Germany
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50; Aachen 52074 Germany
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Zhao FJ, Liu Y, Pei XQ, Guo C, Wu ZL. Single mutations of ketoreductase ChKRED20 enhance the bioreductive production of (1S)-2-chloro-1-(3, 4-difluorophenyl) ethanol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1945-1952. [PMID: 27830294 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(1S)-2-chloro-1-(3, 4-difluorophenyl) ethanol ((S)-CFPL) is an intermediate for the drug ticagrelor, and is manufactured via chemical approaches. To develop a biocatalytic solution to (S)-CFPL, an inventory of ketoreductases from Chryseobacterium sp. CA49 were rescreened, and ChKRED20 was found to catalyze the reduction of the ketone precursor with excellent stereoselectivity (>99 % ee). After screening an error-prone PCR library of the wild-type ChKRED20, two mutants, each bearing a single amino acid substitution of H145L or L205M, were identified with significantly increased activity. Then, the two critical positions were each randomized by constructing saturation mutagenesis libraries, which delivered several mutants with further enhanced activity. Among them, the mutant L205A was the best performer with a specific activity of 178 μmol/min/mg, ten times of that of the wild-type. Its k cat/K m increased by 15 times and half-life at 50 °C increased by 70 %. The mutant catalyzed the complete conversion of 150 and 200 g/l substrate within 6 and 20 h, respectively, to yield enantiopure (S)-CFPL with an isolated yield of 95 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Liu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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50
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Chen X, Liu ZQ, Lin CP, Zheng YG. Efficient biosynthesis of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate using a stereoselective carbonyl reductase from Burkholderia gladioli. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:70. [PMID: 27756363 PMCID: PMC5070160 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate ((R)-CHBE) is a versatile chiral precursor for many pharmaceuticals. Although several biosynthesis strategies have been documented to convert ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) to (R)-CHBE, the catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity are still too low to be scaled up for industrial applications. Due to the increasing demand of (R)-CHBE, it is essential to explore more robust biocatalyst capable of preparing (R)-CHBE efficiently. Results A stereoselective carbonyl reductase toolbox was constructed and employed into the asymmetric reduction of COBE to (R)-CHBE. A robust enzyme designed as BgADH3 from Burkholderia gladioli CCTCC M 2012379 exhibited excellent activity and enantioselectivity, and was further characterized and investigated in the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-CHBE. An economical and satisfactory enzyme-coupled cofactor recycling system was created using recombinant Escherichia coli cells co-expressing BgADH3 and glucose dehydrogenase genes to regenerate NADPH in situ. In an aqueous/octanol biphasic system, as much as 1200 mmol COBE was completely converted by using substrate fed-batch strategy to afford (R)-CHBE with 99.9 % ee at a space-time yield per gram of biomass of 4.47 mmol∙L−1∙h−1∙g DCW−1. Conclusions These data demonstrate the promising of BgADH3 in practical synthesis of (R)-CHBE as a valuable chiral synthon. This study allows for the further application of BgADH3 in the biosynthesis of chiral alcohols, and establishes a preparative scale process for producing (R)-CHBE with excellent enantiopurity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0301-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chao-Ping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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