1
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Lin CC, Pan ML, Li PL, Ou WT, Cheng MJ, Wu YT. Syntheses, Structural Analyses, and Properties of Condensed Arenes with Multihelicity. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39248644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A C1-symmetric hexapole helicene (HH) and a C3-symmetric dodecapole helicene (DH) were prepared, and their three-dimensional structures were verified by X-ray crystallography and density functional theory calculations. The molecular geometries and local helical configurations of their most stable diastereomers were correctly predicted by arranging suitable conformations of the peripheral aryl rings. Importantly, the outermost three [5]helicenes with a consistent configuration in DH were observed to increase the thermostability, enantiomerization barrier (ΔH⧧ = 40.5 kcal/mol), specific rotation ([α]24D = -4228°) and absorption dissymmetry factor (gabs = 1.35 × 10-3 at 453 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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2
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Hamamoto H, Shimizu D, Matsuda K. peri-Benzo-Diindenotetracenyl: Helically π-Extended Allyl Radical with Robust Stability. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401353. [PMID: 38818544 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Here is described the synthesis and characterization of a stable hydrocarbon radical, peri-benzo-diindenotetracenyl, with a helical structure. Although the helical π-radical has no peripheral substituents, it was stable in the solid and solutions. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis and quantum chemical calculations, the radical was best described as an allyl radical fused by five Clar's sextets. The optically resolved enantiomers exhibited mirror image CD spectra with |gCD| of 2.4×10-4 at 522 nm. The racemization barrier was determined to be 95.9 kJ/mol at 298 K, which is compatible with that of [5]helicene (108 kJ/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaka Hamamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
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3
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Kondo Y, Tsutsui Y, Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Seki S. Impacts of heteroatom substitution on the excited state dynamics of π-extended helicenes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00516c. [PMID: 39144158 PMCID: PMC11320297 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00516c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Benzo-annulated aza[9]helicene ([9]AH) and thia[9]helicene ([9]TH) were prepared as novel π-extended heterohelicenes. [9]TH showed a quite short fluorescence lifetime of ∼0.3 ns and intense phosphorescence at low temperature that were attributed to its larger spin-orbit coupling and faster intersystem crossing between pseudo-degenerate S1/2 and triplet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kondo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- JST-PRESTO Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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4
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Fukuda H, Tsurumaki E, Wakamatsu K, Toyota S. Unusually Short H⋅⋅⋅H Contacts in Intramolecularly Cyclized Helically Fused Anthracenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401627. [PMID: 38751350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The intramolecular coupling of dichloro-substituted helically fused anthracenes using the Yamamoto coupling yielded cyclized products with sterically congested molecular structures. The X-ray analysis and DFT calculations showed that the aromatic framework adopted a nonplanar structure with a twisted conformation about the newly formed single bond, which acts as a chiral axis. Interestingly, the X-ray structure obtained through the Hirshfeld atom refinement revealed short interatomic distances between the inner hydrogen atoms (1.648-1.692 Å), much shorter than the sum of their van der Waals radii. Owing to these unusually short contacts, the 1H NMR spectrum exhibited a significant deshielding (12.5 ppm) and a large nuclear Overhauser effect (44 %). Additionally, the IR spectrum displayed a high-frequency shift of the C-H stretching vibration. These observations, along with the noncovalent interaction plot indicative of a characteristic steric environment, strongly support the presence of steric hindrance. Moreover, dynamic NMR measurement of the mesityl-substituted derivative yielded a barrier to helical inversion of 84 kJ mol-1. The optical properties and crystal packing of the cyclized products are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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5
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López-Gandul L, Rodríguez R, Vanthuyne N, Crassous J, Sánchez L. Supramolecular polymerization of [6]helicene-based cyano-luminogens: on the overall efficiency of self-assembled circularly polarized emitters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13041-13049. [PMID: 38916870 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of the [6]helicene-based luminophores 1 and 2 is reported. These chiral systems, endowed with cyano-stilbene fragments, form supramolecular polymers by the operation of intermolecular H-bonding interactions between the amides present in the peripheral side chains. The dissimilar disubstitution of 1 and 2 plays a crucial role in their self-assembling features. Thus, 1 does not show an efficient π-stacking of the central aromatic moiety. Instead, its self-assembling process results in a zig-zag arrangement of the monomeric units to form the aggregated species. On the other hand, 2 presents an efficient overlap of the aromatic backbones that affords a co-facial arrangement of the monomeric units. The solvent-dependent studies indicate that both [6]helicenes self-assemble following a cooperative supramolecular polymerization mechanism with a higher degree of cooperativity and stability for compound 2. The enantioenriched samples of both 1 and 2 display a rich dichroic pattern that changes when the supramolecular polymerization takes place. Furthermore, the presence of the cyano-stilbene moieties gives rise to an aggregation induced emission effect. The inherent chirality of both the monomeric and aggregated species of 1 and 2 provides the systems with CPL-emitting properties, presenting a remarkable overall CPL-efficiency, quantified by the BCPL parameter, that increases upon supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia López-Gandul
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) e Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 35000, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Liu M, Li C, Liao G, Zhao F, Yao C, Wang N, Yin X. Narrowband Blue Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitter Based on BN-Doped Benzo[6]helicene with Stimuli-Responsive Properties. Chemistry 2024:e202402257. [PMID: 38955898 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Boron-doped helicenes, known for their unique electronic and photophysical properties, are of great interest for numerous applications. This research introduces two new azabora[6]helicenes, H[6]BN1 and H[6]BN2, synthesized through an efficient method. These molecules have boron and nitrogen atoms in opposing positions, enhancing their distinctive attributes. Both helicenes show excellent emission properties, with H[6]BN1 and H[6]BN2 exhibiting narrowband blue fluorescence and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), achieving glum values of 4~5×10-4 which is beneficial for chiroptical applications. The addition of a donor group, 3, 6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole, in H[6]BN2 improves luminescence, likely due to enhanced molecular orbital overlap and electron delocalization. H[6]BN1's needle-like single crystals exhibit mechanochromism, changing luminescent color from yellow to green under mechanical stress, which is promising for stimulus-responsive materials. In conclusion, this study presents a novel class of BN[6]helicenes with superior chiroptical properties. Their combination of electronic features and mechanochromism makes them ideal for advanced chiroptical materials, expanding the potential of helicene-based compounds and offering new directions for the synthesis of molecules with specific chiroptical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Guanming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Fenggui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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7
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Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Synthesis of Aza[ n]helicenes up to n = 19: Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Solubility and Benzannulation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17428-17437. [PMID: 38866732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic challenges toward anomalous structures and electronic states often involve handling problems such as insolubility in common organic solvents and oxidative degradation under aerobic conditions. We designed benzo-annulated aza[n]helicenes, which benefit from both the suppressed elevation of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and high solubility due to hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules to overcome these challenges. This strategy enabled the synthesis of six new aza[n]helicenes ([n]AHs) of different lengths (n = 9-19) from acyclic precursors via one-pot intramolecular oxidative fusion reactions. The structures of all of the synthesized aza[n]helicenes were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their electrochemical potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Among the synthesized aza[n]helicenes, [17]AH and [19]AH are the first heterohelicenes with a triple-layered helix. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots confirm the existence of an effective π-π interaction between the layers. The absorption and fluorescence spectra red-shifted as the helical lengths increased, without any distinct saturation points. The optical resolutions of N-butylated [9]AH, [11]AH, [13]AH, and [15]AH were accomplished, and their circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were measured. Thus, the structural, (chir)optical, and electrochemical properties of the aza[n]helicenes were comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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8
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Kos M, Beránek T, Císařová I, Cuřínová P, Žádný J, Storch J, Církva V, Jakubec M. Resolution of 9,10-Diketo[7]helicene and Its Use in One-Step Preparation of Helicene-Based D-A-D Push-Pull Systems. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7495-7502. [PMID: 38804645 PMCID: PMC11165575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Racemic 9,10-diketo[7]helicene was successfully separated into enantiomers using a reversible and stereoselective reaction with 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthalene with moderate yields but with remarkable purity (>99% de). The enantiomerically pure diketone was used as a convenient starting material for the preparation of helicene-based push-pull molecules, which incorporated aza-aryl acceptors and diarylaminophenylene donor groups in a single step. A series of six push-pull systems, along with three reference molecules without donors, were prepared and studied using UV/vis and fluorescence measurements, circular dichroism, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kos
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Tomáš Beránek
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Technická
5, 166 28 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Žádný
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Vladimír Církva
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Jakubec
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
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9
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Hirano J, Miyoshi S, Yashima E, Ikai T, Shinokubo H, Fukui N. Synthesis of sterically congested double helicene by alkyne cycloisomerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6035-6038. [PMID: 38775051 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01573h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Alkyne cycloisomerization of 2,7,10,15-tetra(ortho-alkynylphenyl)benzo[g,p]chrysene containing bulky 4-alkoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl groups at the alkyne terminals selectively proceeded at the sterically crowded bay-region. The obtained double helicene adopts a distorted structure with a high racemization barrier due to the intramolecular steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Hirano
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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10
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Sturm L, Artigas A, Coquerel Y, Bechtold IH, Durola F, Bock H. Helicene Aromaticity Deviates from the Clar Rule-On the Electronic Dissimilarity of Large Isomeric Fibonacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403170. [PMID: 38568685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
This combined experimental and theoretical study illustrates the profound consequences of non-planarity on the electronic properties of polycyclic arenes. Three isomeric [10]fibonacene tetraesters were synthesized through a robust and regiocontrolled Perkin/Mallory approach: a nearly planar [10]phenacene derivative, a moderately twisted [10]semicircle derivative, and a 3D non-planar [10]helicene derivative. The photophysical properties of the 3D [10]helicene isomer were found to be dramatically different from the comparable ones of the [10]phenacene and [10]semicircle isomers. The aromatic properties of the [10]phenacene and [10]semicircle isomers conform well with their predictive Kekulé and Clar analyses, but the [10]helicene isomer deviates from these general topological rules, which appears to be a general phenomenon for [n]fibonacenes with n≥9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Sturm
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Université de Bordeaux, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Albert Artigas
- Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer de Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnès 69, 17003, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
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11
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Gedeon C, Del Rio N, Furlan F, Taddeucci A, Vanthuyne N, Gregoriou VG, Fuchter MJ, Siligardi G, Gasparini N, Crassous J, Chochos CL. Rational Design of New Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality for Efficient Optoelectronic Devices: Carbo[6]Helicene and Indacenodithiophene Copolymers as Model Compounds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314337. [PMID: 38406997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The unique properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) in various optoelectronic applications are mainly attributed to their different self-assembly processes and superstructures. Various methods are utilized to tune and control CP structure and properties with less attention paid to the use of chirality. CPs with main chain chirality are rare and their microscopic and macroscopic properties are still unknown. In this work, the first experimental results are provided along these lines by synthesizing a series of racemic and enantiopure CPs containing statistical and alternating carbo[6]helicene and indacenodithiophene moieties and evaluating their microscopic (optical, energy levels) and macroscopic properties (hole mobilities, photovoltaic performance). It is demonstrated that a small statistical insertion of either the racemic or enantiopure helicene into the polymer backbone finely tunes the microscopic and macroscopic properties as a function of the statistical content. The microscopic properties of the enantiopure versus the racemic polymers with the same helicene loading remain similar. On the contrary, the macroscopic properties, and more interestingly those between the two enantiomeric forms, are altered as a function of the statistical content. Once incorporated into a solar cell device, these chiral CPs display better performance in their enantiopure versus racemic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gedeon
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes, 35000, France
| | | | - Francesco Furlan
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
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12
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Jiang P, Mikherdov AS, Ito H, Jin M. Crystallization-Induced Chirality Transfer in Conformationally Flexible Azahelicene Au(I) Complexes with Circularly Polarized Luminescence Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12463-12472. [PMID: 38626915 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and twisted annulated π-systems exhibit numerous unique and desirable features, owing to their ability to display chirality. However, preventing their racemization due to the dynamic nature of their chirality remains a challenge. One promising approach to stabilize homochirality in such systems is chirality transfer from a chiral auxiliary to a moiety displaying dynamic chirality. Herein, we introduce a new approach for dynamic chirality stabilization in conformationally flexible azahelicene species via crystallization-induced intermolecular chirality transfer in Au(I) complexes featuring azahelicene (dibenzo[c,g]carbazole and benzo[c]carbazole) and enantio-pure chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with a complementary tailored shape. Crystallization of these azahelicene Au(I) complexes not only suppresses the dynamic chirality of the dibenzocarbazole species but also stabilizes their homochirality through the intermolecular conjunction between the chiral NHC and dibenzocarbazole ligands. In the Au(I) benzocarbazole complexes, the intermolecular conjunction and chirality transfer in the crystals induce chirality in the initially achiral benzocarbazole ligand. Furthermore, the crystallization of the studied complexes activates their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties, which were suppressed in solution. Importantly, chirality transfer leads to significant CPL enhancement; the complexes that feature chirality transfer within the crystal structure exhibit luminescence dissymmetry factors 5 to 10 times higher than those of the complexes without chirality transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Jiang
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Alexander S Mikherdov
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mingoo Jin
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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13
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Guo WC, Zhao WL, Tan KK, Li M, Chen CF. B,N-Embedded Hetero[9]helicene Toward Highly Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401835. [PMID: 38380835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The intrinsic helical π-conjugated skeleton makes helicenes highly promising for circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL). Generally, carbon helicenes undergo low external quantum efficiency (EQE), while the incorporation of a multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) BN structure has led to an improvement. However, the reported B,N-embedded helicenes all show low electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL), typically around 1×10-3. Therefore, the development of B,N-embedded helicenes with both a high EQE and gEL value is crucial for achieving highly efficient CPEL. Herein, a facile approach to synthesize B,N-embedded hetero[9]helicenes, BN[9]H, is presented. BN[9]H shows a bright photoluminescence with a maximum at 578 nm with a high luminescence dissymmetry factor (|glum|) up to 5.8×10-3, attributed to its inherited MR-TADF property and intrinsic helical skeleton. Furthermore, circularly polarized OLED devices incorporating BN[9]H as an emitter show a maximum EQE of 35.5 %, a small full width at half-maximum of 48 nm, and, more importantly, a high |gEL| value of 6.2×10-3. The Q-factor (|EQE×gEL|) of CP-OLEDs is determined to be 2.2×10-3, which is the highest among helicene analogues. This work provides a new approach for the synthesis of higher helicenes and paves a new way for the construction of highly efficient CPEL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ke-Ke Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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14
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Fan P, Li L, Qian D. Catalytic asymmetric construction of helicenes via transformation of biaryls. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3186-3197. [PMID: 38591656 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This review showcases a systematic overview of the available tools for the catalytic asymmetric transformation of biaryl substrates toward the construction of challenging enantioenriched helicenes and the conceptual aspects associated with each type of transformation. Depending on the properties of the biaryl and the nature of the process, several methodologies have been developed, including olefin metathesis, hydroarylation of alkynes, C-X (X = C, O, N) coupling, and C-H functionalization. Pioneering studies and an array of representative reactions are discussed to underscore the potential of these synthetic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Deyun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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15
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Silber V, Gourlaouen C, Ruppert R. Keto-enol equilibrium: stable tautomers of ortho-, meta-, and para-hydroquinones in large aromatics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11969-11976. [PMID: 38623286 PMCID: PMC11017376 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of [6]helicene para-quinone starting from the 1,4-dimethoxy-[6]helicene derivative is presented. The demethylation reaction with boron tribromide led to unexpected results. Instead of the expected para-hydroquinone, the diketone tautomeric form was isolated. In contrast to the 1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, the stable tautomers for the [4] and [6]helicenes were the aromatic diketones. These experimental results were corroborated by calculations. Additional calculations showed that these tautomeric species were indeed the stable forms of 1,4 and 1,3-hydroquinones when present in larger aromatics, in drastic contrast with 1,2-dihydroxy-aromatics (known as catechol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Silber
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Romain Ruppert
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
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16
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Qu C, Xu Y, Wang Y, Nie Y, Ye K, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Bridging of Cove Regions: A Strategy for Realizing Persistently Chiral Double Heterohelicenes with Attractive Luminescent Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400661. [PMID: 38333930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The racemization of chiral organic compounds is a common chemical phenomenon. However, it often poses configurational-stability issues to the application of this class of compounds. Achieving chiral organic compounds without the risk of racemization is fascinating, but it is challenging due to a lack of strategies. Here, we reveal the cove-regions bridging strategy for achieving persistently chiral multi-helicenes (incapable of racemization), based on the synthesized proof-of-concept double hetero[4]helicenes featuring macrocycle structures with a small 3D cavity. Additionally, we demonstrate that the strategy is also effective in tuning the electronic structures of multi-helicenes, resulting in a conversion from luminescence silence into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for the present system. Furthermore, red circularly polarized TADF based on small double [4]helicene systems is achieved for the first time using this strategy. The disclosed cove-regions bridging strategy provides an opportunity to modulate the electronic structures and luminescent properties of multi-helicenes without concern for racemization, thus significantly enhancing the structural and property diversity of multi-helicenes for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Nie
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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17
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Shao BR, Ren BH, Jiang WF, Shi L. Synthesis of Helical-Shaped Axially Chiral Bisoxime Ethers via Chiral Phosphoric-Acid-Catalyzed Sequential Enantioselective Condensations. Org Lett 2024; 26:2646-2650. [PMID: 38530907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A successful synthesis of helical-shaped axially chiral bisoxime ethers is reported. This approach utilized symmetric L-shaped diketone scaffolds as carbonyl components for the enantioselective condensation with hydroxylamines, delivering dual axially chiral oxime ethers with up to 99% ee. Additionally, the axially chiral mono-oxime ethers of azabicyclic ketones with high ee's were also successfully produced. Various chiral bicyclic lactams can be readily synthesized via Beckmann rearrangement, demonstrating a potential application in organic synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ru Shao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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18
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Kevorkian PV, Sneddon DS, Ritts CB, Hoye TR. Phosphorane-Promoted C-C Coupling during Aryne Annulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318774. [PMID: 38324736 PMCID: PMC11002863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Arynes are fleeting, high-energy intermediates that undergo myriad trapping reactions by nucleophiles. Their unusual reactivity compared to other electrophiles can spur unexpected mechanistic pathways enroute to the formation of benzenoid products. Herein we explore a particularly unique case of thermally generated arynes reacting with phosphoranes to form helical dibenzothiophenes and -selenophenes. Multiple new helical polycyclic aromatic products are reported. DP4+ and X-ray crystallographic analysis were used in tandem to confirm the structural topologies of selected products and to demonstrate the utility of DP4+ for distinguishing between isomeric polycyclic aromatic compounds. Lastly, we discuss a plausible mechanism consistent with DFT computations that accounts for the product formation; namely, ligand coupling (i.e., reductive elimination) within a hypervalent, pentacarbon-ligated σ-phosphorane furnishes the dibenzothio- or dibenzoselenophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Kevorkian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dorian S Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Casey B Ritts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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19
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Liu X, Liang Z, Jin Z, Zhang X, Shen C. Enantiomerization of five-membered-heterocycle-embedded helicenes: A DFT study. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:454-460. [PMID: 37945374 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, DFT theoretical calculations were employed to investigate the enantiomerization of helicenes embedded with five-membered heterocycles. The original benzene rings in the helicene backbone were replaced by heterocycles such as furan, thiophene, pyrrole, or phosphole to create [n]helicenes with n ranging from 4 to 7. The impact of the type, position, and number of heterocycles on the enantiomerization barrier was systematically evaluated. Notably, the enantiomerization barrier was found to be significantly dependent on the rotatory angle and the position of the heterocycles, particularly for [4, 5]helicenes. With less rotatory angle of heterocycle, the enantiomerization barrier of helicenes was revealed to be lower, while when the heterocycle was close to the central part of the helicene chain, the barrier was also lower. Furthermore, the number of thiophene rings also had a marked effect on enantiomerization, showing a decrease of the barrier with more thiophene rings placed on the helicenes backbone. We expect this work would deliver new perspective on the relative studies for the helicene conformational conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunshan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhetong Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Wu H, Hanayama H, Coehlo M, Gu Y, Wu ZH, Takebayashi S, Jakob G, Vasylevskyi S, Schollmeyer D, Kläui M, Pieters G, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Narita A, Qiu Z. Stable π-Extended Thio[7]helicene-Based Diradical with Predominant Through-Space Spin-Spin Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7480-7486. [PMID: 38446414 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a novel π-extended thio[7]helicene scaffold was synthesized, where the α-position of the thiophene unit could be functionalized with bulky phenoxy radicals after considerable synthetic attempts. This open-shell helical diradical, ET7H-R, possesses high stability in the air, nontrivial π conjugation, persistent chirality, and a high diradical character (y0 of 0.998). The key feature is a predominant through-space spin-spin coupling (TSC) between two radicals at the helical terminals. Variable-temperature continuous-wave electron spin resonance (cw-ESR) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry in the solid state reveal a singlet ground state with a nearly degenerate triplet state of ET7H-R. These results highlight the significance of a stable helical diradicaloid as a promising platform for investigating intramolecular TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Max Coehlo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Hua Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Satoshi Takebayashi
- Science and Technology Group, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Gerhard Jakob
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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21
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Gan F, Zhang G, Liang J, Shen C, Qiu H. π-Extended Diaza[7]helicenes with Dual Negatively Curved Heptagons: Extensive Synthesis and Spontaneous Resolution into Strippable Homochiral Lamellae with Helical Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320076. [PMID: 38230611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a unique category of π-extended diaza[7]helicenes with double negative curvatures. This is achieved by two-fold regioselective heptagonal cyclization of the oligoarylene-carbazole precursors through either intramolecular C-H arylation or Scholl reaction. The fusion of two heptagonal rings in the helical skeleton dramatically increases the intramolecular strain and forces the two terminal carbazole moieties to stack in a compressed fashion. The presence of the deformable negatively curved heptagonal rings endows the resulting diaza[7]helicenes with dynamic chiral skeletons, aggregation-induced emission feature and relatively low racemization barrier of ca. 25.6 kcal mol-1 . Further π-extension on the carbazole moieties subsequently leads to a more sophisticated C2 -symmetric homochiral triple helicene. Notably, these π-extended diaza[7]helicenes show structure-dependent stacking upon crystallization, switching from heterochiral packing to intra-layer homochiral stacking. Interestingly, the C2 -symmetric triple helicene molecules spontaneously resolve into a homochiral lamellar structure with 31 helix symmetry. Upon ultrasonication in a nonsolvent, the crystals can be readily exfoliated into large-area ultrathin nanosheets with height of ca. 4.4 nm corresponding to two layers of stacked triple helicene molecules and relatively thicker nanosheets constituted by even-numbered molecular lamellae. Moreover, regular hexagonal thin platelets with size larger than 30 μm can be readily fabricated by flash aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juncong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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22
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Yang H, Chen G, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Xiao J. Coumarin-embedded [5]helicene derivatives: synthesis, X-ray analysis and photoconducting properties. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5395-5400. [PMID: 38376253 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05887e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Two novel coumarin-embedded π-extended [5]helicene derivatives (3a and 6a) have been strategically synthesized and characterized, and the structure of 3a was determined via single crystal X-ray analysis. Both of them exhibit green fluorescence in dichloromethane. In addition, molecule 3a can aggregate to form a large quantity of nanowires through the re-precipitation method. More importantly, the photoelectric conversion properties of 3a nanowire-C60 based films are much better than those of the thin film of bulk 3a-C60, indicating that the ordered nanostructures are a crucial factor for enhancing device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Guofeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
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23
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Xu WL, Zhang RX, Wang H, Chen J, Zhou L. Helicoselective Synthesis of Indolohelicenoids through Organocatalytic Central-to-Helical Chirality Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318021. [PMID: 38196108 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We report the helicoselective and convergent construction of indolohelicenoids with excellent efficiency and stereocontrol. This reaction proceeds through a chiral-phosphoric-acid-catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition and eliminative aromatization sequence, which can be finely controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the chiral phosphoric acid cooperatively serves as both a bifunctional and Brønsted acid catalyst, enabling one-pot central-to-helical chirality conversion. Additionally, the optical properties of the synthesized indolohelicenoids were characterized to explore their potential applications in organic photoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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24
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Schnitzlein M, Shoyama K, Würthner F. A highly fluorescent bora[6]helicene exhibiting circularly polarized light emission. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2984-2989. [PMID: 38404392 PMCID: PMC10882488 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped helicenes have attracted great research interest due to their inherent chirality enabling fascinating new applications. Herein we present our successful synthesis of 19c-boratribenzo[gh,jk,mn][6]helicene, the hitherto longest and first configurationally stable pristine bora[n]helicene. It displays intense orange fluorescence and circularly polarized light (CPL) emission with a high quantum yield of up to 84%. X-ray single crystal analysis reveals a highly twisted, helical shape and intriguing intermolecular stacking. Complexation with a size-complemental aza[4]helicene yielded an unprecedented hetero-chiral π-π-stacked helicene dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnitzlein
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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25
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Ikeshita M, Watanabe S, Suzuki S, Kitahara M, Imai Y, Tsuno T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Schiff-base [4]Helicene Boron Complexes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301024. [PMID: 38140756 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Boron complexes with Schiff-base [4]helicene ligands were synthesized. These complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and their helical molecular structures were unequivocally established by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The helical boron complexes exhibited efficient photoluminescence under UV irradiation, and the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties were investigated for optically pure samples. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to further understand their photophysical properties including chiroptical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ikeshita
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
| | - Seika Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Maho Kitahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuno
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
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26
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Bergner J, Borstelmann J, Cavinato LM, Fuenzalida-Werner JP, Walla C, Hinrichs H, Schulze P, Rominger F, Costa RD, Dreuw A, Kivala M. A Conformationally Stable π-Expanded X-Type Double Helicene Comprising Dihydropyracylene Units with Multistage Redox Behavior. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303336. [PMID: 37986242 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A π-expanded X-type double [5]helicene comprising dihydropyracylene moieties was synthesized from commercially available acenaphthene. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the unique highly twisted structure of the compound resulting in the occurrence of two enantiomers which were separated by chiral HPLC, owing to their high conformational stability. The compound shows strongly bathochromically shifted UV/vis absorption and emission bands with small Stokes shift and considerable photoluminescence quantum yield and circular polarized luminescence response. The electrochemical studies revealed five facilitated reversible redox events, including three reductions and two oxidations, thus qualifying the compound as chiral multistage redox amphoter. The experimental findings are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory pointing towards increased spatial extension of the frontier molecular orbitals over the polycyclic framework and a considerably narrowed HOMO-LUMO gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca M Cavinato
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Fuenzalida-Werner
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Christian Walla
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Hinrichs
- Abteilung Chromatographie & Elektrophorese, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philipp Schulze
- Abteilung Chromatographie & Elektrophorese, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Tejendra B, Rajput SS, Alam MM. A Curious Case of Two-Photon Absorption in n-Helicene and n-Phenylene, n=6-10: Why n=7 is Different? Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300710. [PMID: 37936568 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
n-Helicenes and n-Phenylenes are interesting examples of twisted molecules, where although the atoms are connected through conjugated π ${\pi }$ -bonds, the π ${\pi }$ -conjugation is largely hindered by the twisted nature of the bonds. Such structures provide a unique opportunity to study the effect of twisted π ${\pi }$ -system on non-linear optical properties. In this work, we studied the two-photon absorption in donor-acceptor substituted n-helicenes and n-phenylenes employing the state-of-the-art RI-CC2 method and reported a unique feature we observed in n=7 systems. We found that both 7-helicene and 7-phenylene systems exhibit largest two-photon absorption than other members in their respective classes. Furthermore, using generalized few-state model, we provided a detailed microscopic mechanism of this unique observation involving participation of different transition dipole moment vectors and their relative orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banana Tejendra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491001, India
| | - Swati Singh Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491001, India
| | - M Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491001, India
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28
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Gowda A, Pathak SK, Rohaley GAR, Acharjee G, Oprandi A, Williams R, Prévôt ME, Hegmann T. Organic chiral nano- and microfilaments: types, formation, and template applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:316-340. [PMID: 37921354 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic chiral nanofilaments are part of an important class of nanoscale chiral materials that has recently been receiving significant attention largely due to their potential use in applications such as optics, photonics, metameterials, and potentially a range of medical as well as sensing applications. This review will focus on key examples of the formation of such nano- and micro-filaments based on carbon nanofibers, polymers, synthetic oligo- and polypeptides, self-assembled organic molecules, and one prominent class of liquid crystals. The most critical aspects discussed here are the underlying driving forces for chiral filament formation, potentially answering why specific sizes and shapes are formed, what molecular design strategies are working equally well or rather differently among these materials classes, and what uses and applications are driving research in this fascinating field of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathanarayana Gowda
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Suraj Kumar Pathak
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Grace A R Rohaley
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Gourab Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Andrea Oprandi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Ryan Williams
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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29
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Sun Z, Xu W, Qiu S, Ma Z, Li C, Zhang S, Wang H. Thia[ n]helicenes with long persistent phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1077-1087. [PMID: 38239689 PMCID: PMC10793212 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicenes with persistent luminescence have received relatively little attention, despite their demonstrated highly efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) from the excited singlet to the triplet state. Herein, we designed a series of ortho-fused aromatics by combining dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-d]thiophene (DTT) with annulated benzene fragments, denoted as TB[n]H (n = 3-8), to achieve persistent luminescence. Wherein, thia[n]helicenes (n = 5-8) exhibited intense phosphorescence with millisecond-range lifetimes (τp) at 77 K. Particularly interesting was the observation that the odd-numbered ring helicenes displayed longer τp values than their neighboring even-numbered counterparts. Notably, TB[7]H showcased the longest τp of 628 ms. This phenomenon can be attributed to the more favorable ISC channels and stronger spin-orbital coupling (SOC) of old-numbered helicenes than even-numbered ones. Furthermore, both conformers of TB[7]H exhibited significant circularly polarized phosphorescent (CPP) responses, with luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum) of 0.015 and -0.014. These discoveries suggest that thiahelicenes may be a specific class of organic phosphorescent and CPP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Wan Xu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
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30
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Ji B, Qi Z, Ye T, Li S, Shi Y, Cui S, Xiao J. Straightforward Synthesis of Pentagon-Embedded Expanded [11]Helicenes for Radiative Cooling Property. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302893. [PMID: 37867144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new pentagon-embedded carbo[11]helicenes have been designed and synthesized in a three-step process, which are the first example of carbo[11]helicenes through the post-functionalization of twistacene. TD-DFT analyses indicate that both of them possess high enantiomerization barriers of 42.29 kcal/mol and 40.76 kcal/mol, respectively. They emit strong red fluorescence and can be chemically oxidized into stable cationic radicals upon addition of AgSbF6 evidenced by the bathochromic-shifted absorption spectra and the appearance of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals. In addition, such helical derivatives can be chosen as radiative cooling materials in a glass model house, and the maxima of 5.4 °C for the former and 6.5 °C for the latter are found in the comparative tests, which might be caused by the NIR reflective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuangxuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Division of Analysis, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Co. Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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31
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Artigas A, Ferdi N, Rémond M, Rigoulet F, Vanthuyne N, Hagebaum-Reignier D, Carissan Y, Naubron JV, Giorgi M, Favereau L, Coquerel Y. Conformational, Structural, and Chiroptical Properties of an Overcrowded Triply Fused Carbo[7]helicene. J Org Chem 2024; 89:498-504. [PMID: 38133568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the synthesis of the racemate of an overcrowded triply fused carbo[7]helicene of formula C66H36 with three carbo[7]helicenes fused within a central six-membered ring was described. This molecule was found to embed an extremely contorted central six-membered ring and two negative curvatures. We report herein the resolution of the corresponding enantiomers and their conformational, structural, photophysical, and chiroptical properties. The racemization of the triply fused carbo[7]helicene was determined to proceed at a rate of krac = 8.06 × 10-4 s-1 at 175 °C in ortho-dichlorobenzene, corresponding to a barrier to enantiomerization ΔGenant‡ = 140.4 kJ·mol-1, a value significantly lower than for pristine carbo[7]helicene. Interestingly, the crystalline structures of the racemic and enantiopure materials show some differences regarding the molecular geometry, with an increased negative curvature in the latter cases. This unusual curved delocalized π-conjugated system afforded notably green fluorescence at room temperature and far-red phosphorescence at low temperature. Finally, electronic circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence responses of the enantiopure compounds have been measured and showed very close absorption and emission dissymmetry factors, gabs and glum, respectively, of ca. 2.6 × 10-3, indicating a similar chiral rigid geometry for both ground and excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Artigas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Nawal Ferdi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Rémond
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Marseille, France
| | - Florian Rigoulet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Yannick Carissan
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Valère Naubron
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
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32
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Takizawa S. Synthesis and Structural and Optical Behavior of Dehydrohelicene-Containing Polycyclic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:296. [PMID: 38257209 PMCID: PMC10819569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicene-based molecules stand out as highly promising scaffolds and captivating chiroptical materials, characterized by their unique chirality. Their quasi-helical π-conjugated molecular architecture, featuring successively ortho-annulated aromatic rings, endows them with remarkable thermal stability and optical properties. Over the past decade, diverse approaches have emerged for synthesizing these scaffolds, reinvigorating this field, with anticipated increased attention in the coming years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of dehydrohelicene chemistry since the pioneering work of Zander and Franke in 1969 and highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of various molecules incorporating dehydrohelicene motifs. We elucidate the intriguing structural features and optical merits of these molecules, occasionally drawing comparisons with their helicene or circulene analogs to underscore the significance of the bond between the helical termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
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33
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Appiarius Y, Míguez-Lago S, Puylaert P, Wolf N, Kumar S, Molkenthin M, Miguel D, Neudecker T, Juríček M, Campaña AG, Staubitz A. Boosting quantum yields and circularly polarized luminescence of penta- and hexahelicenes by doping with two BN-groups. Chem Sci 2024; 15:466-476. [PMID: 38179512 PMCID: PMC10762774 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02685j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of boron-nitrogen (BN) units into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as an isoelectronic replacement of two carbon atoms can significantly improve their optical properties, while the geometries are mostly retained. We report the first non-π-extended penta- and hexahelicenes comprising two aromatic 1,2-azaborinine rings. Comparing them with their all-carbon analogs regarding structural, spectral and (chir)optical properties allowed us to quantify the impact of the heteroatoms. In particular, BN-hexahelicene BN[6] exhibited a crystal structure congruent with its analog CC[6], but displayed a fivefold higher fluorescence quantum yield (φfl = 0.17) and an outstanding luminescence dissymmetry factor (|glum| = 1.33 × 10-2). Such an unusual magnification of both properties at the same time makes BN-helicenes suitable candidates as circularly polarized luminescence emitters for applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Appiarius
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Sandra Míguez-Lago
- University of Granada, Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Pim Puylaert
- University of Bremen, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Noah Wolf
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- University of Bremen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Martin Molkenthin
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Delia Miguel
- University of Granada, Department of Physical Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Tim Neudecker
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Michal Juríček
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- University of Granada, Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Anne Staubitz
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes 28359 Bremen Germany
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34
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Báti G, Csókás D, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Scholl Reaction on Phenylated Cyclopentadiene Core: One-Step Synthesis of Fluoreno[5]helicenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302971. [PMID: 37870299 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explore feasibility of the mechanochemical approach in the synthesis of tetrabenzofluorenes (fluoreno[5]helicenes). For this, commercially available phenylated cyclopentadiene precursors are subjected to the Scholl reaction in the solid state using FeCl3 as an oxidant and sodium chloride as the solid reaction medium. This ball milling process gave access to the 5-membered ring containing-helicenes in one synthetic step in high (95-96 %) isolated yields. The solution-phase reactions, however, were found to be moderate to low yielding in this regard (10-40 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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35
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Matsuo Y, Maeda C, Tsutsui Y, Tanaka T, Seki S. Synthesis of Closed-Heterohelicenes Interconvertible between Their Monomeric and Dimeric Forms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314968. [PMID: 37883214 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative fusion reaction of cyclic heteroaromatic pentads consisting of pyrrole and thiophene gave closed-heterohelicene monomers and dimers depending on the oxidation conditions. Specifically, oxidation with [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) gave closed-[7]helicene dimers connected at the β-position of one of the pyrrole units with remarkably elongated C-C bonds of about 1.60 Å. Although this bond was intact against thermal and physical activations, homolytic bond dissociation took place in DMSO upon irradiation with UV light to give the corresponding monomers. Thus, interconversion between the closed-helicene monomer and dimer was achieved. The optically pure dimer was photo-dissociated into the monomers associated with a turn-on of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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36
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Jiao Y, Sun Z, Wang Z, Fu Y, Zhang F. Synthesis of Nonsymmetric NBN-Embedded [6]- and [7]Helicenes with Amplified Activities. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37991932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Two C1-symmetric heterohelicenes were constructed by nonsymmetrically extending the ortho-fused structures of a C2v-symmetric NBN-embedded phenalene derivative and featured intense luminescence, large Stokes shifts, and successive reversible redox behaviors. Increasing one fused phenyl unit in such a helical structure led to a 10-fold-enhanced dissymmetry factor. Their strong double hydrogen-bond-donating capability makes them distinctly red-shifted in absorption, emission, and CD and CPL spectra upon the addition of fluoride anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zuobang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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37
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Freixas VM, Oldani N, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Twisting Aromaticity and Photoinduced Dynamics in Hexapole Helicenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10145-10150. [PMID: 37924328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Curved aromatic molecules are attractive electronic materials, where an additional internal strain uniquely modifies their structure, aromaticity, dynamics, and optical properties. Helicenes are examples of such twisted conjugated systems. Herein, we analyze the photoinduced dynamics in different stereoisomers of a hexapole helicene by using nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics simulations. We explore how changes in symmetry and structural distortion modulate the intramolecular energy redistribution. We find that distinct helical assembly leads to different rigid distorted structures that in turn impact the nonradiative energy relaxation and ultimately formation of the self-trapped exciton. Subsequently, the value of the twisting angles relative to the central triphenylene core structure controls the global molecular aromaticity and electronic localization during the internal conversion process. Our work sheds light on how the future synthesis of novel curved aromatic compounds can be directed to attain specific desired electronic properties through the modulation of their twisted aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Nicolas Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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38
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Rodríguez R, Naranjo C, Kumar A, Dhbaibi K, Matozzo P, Camerel F, Vanthuyne N, Gómez R, Naaman R, Sánchez L, Crassous J. Weakly Self-Assembled [6]Helicenes: Circularly Polarized Light and Spin Filtering Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302254. [PMID: 37635073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling features, chiroptical activity, and spin filtering properties are reported for 2,15- and 4,13-disubstituted [6]helicenes decorated in their periphery with 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)-N-(4-ethynylphenyl)benzamide moieties. The weak non-covalent interaction between these units conditions the corresponding circularly polarized luminescence and spin polarization. The self-assembly is overall weak for these [6]helicene derivatives that, despite the formation of H-bonding interactions between the amide groups present in the peripheral moieties, shows very similar chiroptical properties both in the monomeric or aggregated states. This effect could be explained by considering the steric effect that these groups could generate in the growing of the corresponding aggregate formed. Importantly, the self-assembling features also condition chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS effect), with experimental spin polarization (SP) values found between 35-40 % for both systems, as measured by magnetic-conducting atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Kais Dhbaibi
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Paola Matozzo
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, Marseille, 13397, France
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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39
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Oschwald J, Reger D, Frühwald S, Warmbrunn V, Görling A, Jux N, Drewello T. Experimental and Theoretical Structure Elucidation of the [2 : 1] Complex Ion of Carbo[n]helicene with n=6, 7 and 8 and Ag . Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300496. [PMID: 37578805 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase complexes of [n]helicenes with n=6, 7 and 8 and the silver(I) cation are generated utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Besides the well-established [1 : 1] helicene/Ag+ -complex in which the helicene provides a tweezer-like surrounding for the Ag+ , there is also a [2 : 1] complex formed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations in conjunction with energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) experiments reveal that the second helicene attaches via π-π stacking to the first helicene, which is part of the pre-formed [1 : 1] tweezer complex with Ag+ . For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of planar structure, the [2 : 1] complex with silver(I) is typically structured as an Ag+ -bound dimer in which the Ag+ would bind to both PAHs as the central metal ion (PAH-Ag+ -PAH). For helicenes, the Ag+ -bound dimer is of similar thermochemical stability as the π-π stacked dimer, however, it is kinetically inaccessible. Coronene (Cor) is investigated in comparison to the helicenes as an essentially planar PAH. In analogy to the π-π stacked dimer of the helicenes, the Cor-Ag+ -Cor-Cor complex is also observed. Competition experiments using [n]helicene mixtures reveal that the tweezer complexes of Ag+ are preferably formed with the larger helicenes, with n=6 being entirely ignored as the host for Ag+ in the presence of n=7 or 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oschwald
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Warmbrunn
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Cadart T, Gläsel T, Císařová I, Gyepes R, Nečas D, Hapke M, Kotora M. Cyclotrimerization Approach to Symmetric [9]Helical Indenofluorenes: Diverting Cyclization Pathways. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301491. [PMID: 37306545 PMCID: PMC10946996 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic cyclotrimerization routes to symmetrical [9]helical indenofluorene were explored by using different transition-metal complexes and thermal conditions. Depending on the reaction conditions, the cyclotrimerizations were accompanied by dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction giving rise to another type of aromatic compounds. Structures of both symmetrical [9]helical cyclotrimerization product as well as the dehydro-Diels-Alder product were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Limits of enantioselective cyclotrimerization were assessed as well. DFT calculations shed light on the reaction course and the origin of diminished enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Cadart
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueHlavova 8128 43Praha 2Czech Republic
| | - Tim Gläsel
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA)Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69A-4040LinzAustria
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueHlavova 8128 43Praha 2Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Gyepes
- Department of Molecular Electrochemistry and CatalysisJ. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesDolejškova2155/3, 182 23Praha 8Czech Republic
| | - David Nečas
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueHlavova 8128 43Praha 2Czech Republic
| | - Marko Hapke
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA)Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69A-4040LinzAustria
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueHlavova 8128 43Praha 2Czech Republic
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41
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Wu MX, Li Y, Liu P, Shi X, Kang H, Zhao XL, Xu L, Li X, Fang J, Fang Z, Cheng Y, Yu H, Shi X, Yang HB. Functionalization of Pentacene: A Facile and Versatile Approach to Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309619. [PMID: 37610742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile and versatile strategy for the synthesis of contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) starting from the functionalized pentacene was established. A series of novel PAHs 1-4 and their derivatives were synthesized through a simple two-step synthesis procedure involving an intramolecular reductive Friedel-Crafts cyclization of four newly synthesized pentacene aldehydes 5-8 as a key step. All the molecules were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied in detail. Interestingly, the most striking feature of 1-4 is their highly contorted carbon structures and the accompanying helical chirality. In particular, the optical resolution of 2 was successfully achieved by chiral-phase HPLC, and the enantiomers were characterized by circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Despite the highly nonplanar conformations, these contorted PAHs exhibited emissive properties with moderate-to-good fluorescence quantum yields, implying the potential utility of this series PAHs as high-quality organic laser dyes. By using a self-assembly method with the help of epoxy resin, a bottle microlaser based on 3 a was successfully illustrated with a lasing wavelength of 567.8 nm at a threshold of 0.3 mJ/cm2 . We believe that this work will shed light on the chemical versatility of pentacene and its derivatives in the construction of novel functionalized PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yantong Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Shi
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huakang Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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42
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Duan J, Shi Y, Zhao F, Li C, Duan Z, Zhang N, Chen P. Chiral Luminescent Aza[7]helicenes Functionalized with a Triarylborane Acceptor and Near-Infrared-Emissive Doublet-State Radicals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15829-15833. [PMID: 37713177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents new chiral luminescent molecules (N7-BMes2 and N7-TTM) using configurationally stable aza[7]helicene (1) as a universal heteroatom-doped chiral scaffold. The respective reactions of electron-donating 1 with a triarylborane acceptor via palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling and with the open-shell doublet-state TTM radical via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SN2Ar) resulted not only in tunable emissions from blue to the NIR domain but also in significantly enhanced emission quantum efficiency up to Φ = 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhihua Duan
- Baoshan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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43
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Vacek J, Zatloukalova M, Bartheldyova E, Reha D, Minofar B, Bednarova K, Renciuk D, Coufal J, Fojta M, Zadny J, Gessini A, Rossi B, Storch J, Kabelac M. Hexahelicene DNA-binding: Minor groove selectivity, semi-intercalation and chiral recognition. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:125905. [PMID: 37487990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we focused on a fundamental study targeting the interaction of water-soluble [6]helicene derivative 1 (1-butyl-3-(2-methyl[6]helicenyl)-imidazolium bromide) with double-stranded (ds) DNA. A synthetic 30-base pair duplex, plasmid, chromosomal calf thymus and salmon DNA were investigated using electrochemistry, electrophoresis and spectroscopic tools supported by molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanical approaches. Both experimental and theoretical work revealed the minor groove binding of 1 to the dsDNA. Both the positively charged imidazole ring and hydrophobic part of the side chain contributed to the accommodation of 1 into the dsDNA structure. Neither intercalation into the duplex DNA nor the stable binding of 1 to single-stranded DNA were found in topoisomerase relaxation experiments with structural components of 1, i.e. [6]helicene (2) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (3), nor by theoretical calculations. Finally, the binding of optically pure enantiomers (P)-1 and (M)-1 was studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry and UV Resonance Raman (UVRR) methods. Using MD and quantum mechanical methods, minor groove and semi-intercalation were proposed for compound 1 as the predominant binding modes. From the UVRR findings, we also can conclude that 1 tends to preferentially interact with adenine and guanine residues in the structure of dsDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zatloukalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Reha
- IT4Innovations, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Babak Minofar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Bednarova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Renciuk
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Coufal
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fojta
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zadny
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Gessini
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 - Km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 - Km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Jan Storch
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kabelac
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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44
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Borissov A, Chmielewski PJ, Gómez García CJ, Lis T, Stępień M. Dinor[7]helicene and Beyond: Divergent Synthesis of Chiral Diradicaloids with Variable Open-Shell Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309238. [PMID: 37452009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diradicaloid helicenes constructed formally by non-benzenoid double π-extension of phenanthrene were synthesized by a common strategy involving double electrophilic benzannulation. Steric effects in the second benzannulation step led to considerable structural diversity among the products, yielding a symmetrical dinor[7]helicene 1 and two isomeric unsymmetrical double helicenes 2 and 3, containing a nor[5]helicene and [4]helicene fragment, respectively, in addition to a common nor[6]helicene motif. Geometries, configurational dynamics, and electronic structure of these helicenes were analyzed using solid-state structures, spectroscopic methods, and computational analyses. The open-shell character of the singlet states of these helicenes increases in the order 3<1<2, with strongly varying diradicaloid indexes and singlet-triplet gaps. Compounds 1-3 displayed narrow optical gaps of 0.79-1.25 eV, resulting in significant absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region. They also exhibit reversible redox chemistry, each of them yielding stable radical cations, radical anions, and dianions, in some cases possessing intense NIR absorptions extending beyond 2500 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseni Borissov
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Carlos J Gómez García
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, C/José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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45
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Yu X, Wu P, Yuan Q, Yan C, Li D, Cheng L. Unraveling the Aromatic Rule of Cyclic Superatomic Molecules in π-Conjugated Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7487-7495. [PMID: 37669444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The aromaticity of π-conjugated compounds has long been a confusing issue. Based on a recently emerged two-dimensional (2D) superatomic-molecule theory, a unified rule was built to decipher the aromaticity of cyclic superatomic molecules of π-conjugated compounds from the chemical bonding perspective. Herein, a series of planar [n]helicenes and [n]circulenes, composed of benzene, thiophene, or furfuran, are systemically studied and seen as superatomic molecules ◊On-2◊F2 or ◊On, where superatoms ◊F and ◊O denote π-conjugated units with 5 and 4 π electrons, respectively. The ascertained superatomic Lewis structures intuitively display aromaticity with each basic unit meeting the superatomic sextet rule of benzene, similar to classical valence bond theory, which is favored by the synthesized complex π-conjugated compounds comprising different numbers and kinds of subrings. The evolutionary trend of ring currents and chemical bonding suggests a local ribbon-like aromaticity in these π-conjugated compounds. Moreover, nonplanar helical π-conjugated compounds have the potential to evolve into spring-like periodic materials with excellent physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
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46
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Rocker J, Dresel JA, Krieger LA, Eckhardt P, Ortuño AM, Kitzmann WR, Clever GH, Heinze K, Opatz T. Substitution Effects on the Photophysical and Photoredox Properties of Tetraaza[7]helicenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301244. [PMID: 37222393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of substituted derivatives of tetraaza[7]helicenes were synthesized and the influence of the substitution on their photophysical and photoredox-catalytic properties was studied. The combination of their high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.65 and their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity results in CPL brightness values (BCPL ) that are among the highest recorded for [7]helicenes so far. A sulfonylation/hetarylation reaction using cyanopyridines as substrates for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited helicenes was conducted to test for viability in photoredox catalysis. DFT calculations predict the introduction of electron withdrawing substituents to yield more oxidizing catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rocker
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes A Dresel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonie A Krieger
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana M Ortuño
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Winald R Kitzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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47
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Porsev VV, Evarestov RA. Current State of Computational Modeling of Nanohelicenes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2295. [PMID: 37630880 PMCID: PMC10458037 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This review considers the works that focus on various aspects of the theoretical description of nanohelicenes (other equivalent names are graphene spirals, graphene helicoid, helical graphene nanoribbon, or helical graphene)-a promising class of one-dimensional nanostructures. The intrinsic helical topology and continuous π-system lead to the manifestation of unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties that are also highly dependent on axial and torsion strains. In this paper, it was shown that the properties of nanohelicenes are mainly associated with the peripheral modification of the nanohelicene ribbon. We have proposed a nomenclature that enables the classification of all nanohelicenes as modifications of some prototype classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V. Porsev
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Saint-Petersburg State University, St Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Robert A. Evarestov
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Saint-Petersburg State University, St Petersburg 199034, Russia
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48
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Singhal R, Choudhary SP, Malik B, Pilania M. Cyclic diaryliodonium salts: applications and overview. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4358-4378. [PMID: 37161758 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00134b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the recent renewed interest and groundbreaking advances in hypervalent chemistry, cyclic diaryliodonium salts have had a myriad of unique applications in the past decade. Their numerous properties, such as an efficient dual arylation mechanism, straightforward one-pot synthesis compatibility, wide substrate scope, and functionalization tolerance, have made them appropriate starting materials for many bioactive compounds. Fluorenes, thiophenes, carbazoles, phenanthrenes, and many other useful cyclic bioactive molecules that are essential for pharmaceutical synthesis can be readily accessed from cyclic diaryliodonium salts. Particular focus has been given to the high optical activity and good enantiomeric excess of the products that facilitate the easy formation of many difficult-to-obtain optical isomers, such as atropisomers. This review aims to compile and summarize all the recent advances in synthesizing methodologies to prepare the important compounds where cyclic diaryliodonium salt is an integral part of the methodologies and would hopefully provide a good foundation for further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshanda Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, VPO-Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
| | - Satya Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, VPO-Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
| | - Babita Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, VPO-Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
| | - Meenakshi Pilania
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, VPO-Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
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49
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Yoshida Y, Aso N, Karatsu T, Mino T, Sakamoto M. Intramolecular Azo Coupling Reaction of Binaphthyl Compounds: Synthesis of Pyrazole-Containing Helicene-Like Molecules. Org Lett 2023; 25:3412-3416. [PMID: 37154527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A method for accessing pyrazole-containing helicene-like molecules from easily accessible NOBIN derivatives was developed. The reaction proceeded efficiently via diazonium salt intermediates, which provided a series of helicene-like molecular products in yields of 77%-89% regardless of their steric and electronic natures. The photophysical properties of the products were investigated. The 3,3'-disubstituted molecules showed a characteristic blue shift in their emission spectra. Product derivatizations were conducted, and interesting reactivities toward nucleophiles were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yoshida
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aso
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Karatsu
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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50
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Yang N, Shen C, Zhang G, Gan F, Ding Y, Crassous J, Qiu H. Helicity-modulated remote C-H functionalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6680. [PMID: 37115920 PMCID: PMC10146887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Remote C-H functionalization is highly important for the conversion and utilization of arenes, but the conventional routes are comprehensively developed with the assistance of transition metal catalysts or templates. We report a facile metal/template-free electrochemical strategy for remote C-H functionalization in a helical system, where aromatic or aliphatic hydrogen act as a directing group to promote the alkoxylation at the opposite site of the helical skeleton by generating a unique helical "back-biting" environment. Such helicity-modulated C-H functionalization is prevalent for carbo[n]helicenes (n = 6 to 9, primitive or substituted) and hetero[6]helicenes and also occurs when the aryl hydrogen on the first position is replaced by a methyl group or a phenyl group. Thus, the relatively inert helicene skeleton can be precisely furnished with a rich array of alkoxy pendants with tunable functional moieties. Notably, the selective decoration of a methoxy group on N-methylated aza[6]helicene close or distant to the nitrogen atom leads to distinct luminescence variation upon changing the solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Corresponding author. (H.Q.); (C.S.)
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongle Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Corresponding author. (H.Q.); (C.S.)
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