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Li Y, Sidikjan N, Huang L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang J, Shen G, Liu M, Huang Y. Multi-media environmental fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in China: A systematic review of emissions, presence, transport modeling and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124970. [PMID: 39284404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are notorious persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with proven toxicity to human and ecosystems. This review critically evaluates existing research, emphasizing knowledge gaps regarding PCDD/F emissions, environmental behavior, human exposure, and associated risks in China. The current emission inventory of PCDD/Fs in China remains highly uncertain, both in terms of total emissions and emission trends. Moreover, existing monitoring data primarily focus on areas near pollution sources, limiting comprehensive understanding of the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of PCDD/F pollution. To address this, we propose a novel approach that integrates the Multi-media Urban Mode (MUM) model with an atmospheric chemical transport model that includes a dual adsorption model to capture gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere. This coupled model can simulate the transport and fate of PCDD/Fs in multi-media environments with high spatiotemporal resolution, facilitating a nuanced understanding of the impacts of emissions, climate, urbanization and other factors on PCDD/F pollution. Additionally, dietary ingestion, particularly from animal-derived foods, is identified as the predominant source (up to 98%) of human exposure to PCDD/Fs. While the changes in dietary structure, population distribution, and age structure can influence human exposure to PCDD/Fs, their impacts have not yet been quantified. The proposed model lays the foundation for a systematic assessment of health risks from PCDD/F exposure through various pathways by further incorporating a food chain model. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive strategy for assessing PCDD/F pollution, encompassing the entire continuum from emissions to environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Nazupar Sidikjan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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Lei R, Liu W, He Y, Jia T, Li C, Su W, Xing Y. Spatial distributions, behaviors, and sources of PCDD/Fs in surface water and sediment from the Yangtze River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118540. [PMID: 38401685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most economically developed and industrialized regions in China, is confronted with challenges arising from rapid urbanization, particularly environmental pollution. The collection of surface water and sediment samples from forty-nine sites in the YRD was conducted to analyze 2378-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) congeners. The detected concentrations of PCDD/Fs were 0-5.3 pg TEQ/L in water and 0.12-1493 pg TEQ/g dw in sediment. The PCDD/Fs contamination in the sediment was widespread in the YRD. There were variations in the congener characteristics of PCDD/Fs in surface water and sediment. The proportion of OCDD was significantly lower in surface water samples compared to sediment, while the less chlorine-substituted homologs were found in larger proportions. To understand the partitioning and behavior of dioxins within the water-sediment system, we calculated the organic carbon normalized partition coefficients and fugacity fraction (ff) of PCDD/F congeners. The results revealed that the PCDD/Fs had not attained a state of distributional equilibrium, and the non-specific hydrophobic effect seemed minimally influential on their partitioning between sediment and water. The average ff values, which varied between 0.06 and 0.63, indicated differing migration directions for the PCDD/F congeners. Source identification analysis provided evidence that the dioxins in the river water were primarily attributed to industrial thermal processes. Iron and steel smelting, along with pesticide production and use, were likely responsible for the sediment contamination. This comprehensive analysis underscores the complex nature of PCDD/Fs pollution in the YRD and highlights the necessity for targeted environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lei
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Yunchen He
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Changliang Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Liu M, Li H, Chen P, Song A, Peng P, Hu J, Sheng G, Ying G. PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs in sediments from the river encompassing Guiyu, a typical e-waste recycling zone of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113730. [PMID: 35691194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe pollution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and their brominated analogues (PBDD/Fs) was frequently reported for the waters located near unregulated e-waste recycling areas. However, the migrations of these high-level dioxins via waterways and their potential threats to the lower reaches were seldom investigated. In this study, we analyzed PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs in 27 surficial sediments collected from the Lian River encompassing the Guiyu, China e-waste recycling zone, and investigated their distributions, sources, migration behaviors and risks. Both PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs in these sediments exhibited a spatial trend of Guiyu > Guiyu downriver > Guiyu upriver, illustrating that the Guiyu e-waste recycling activities were the uppermost dioxin contributors in this watershed. Sediments from different Guiyu villages demonstrated big gaps in PCDD/F concentrations and congener compositions, and the reason was attributed to the diverse e-waste recycling activities practiced in these villages. Sediments near the e-waste open-burning areas demonstrated extremely high PCDD/F concentrations and unique PCDD/F profiles featured by low-chlorinated PCDFs (tetra- to hexa-), which is quite different from the OCDD-dominant PCDD/F profile found in most of the Lian River sediments. The geographical distributions of PCDD/F concentrations and profiles illustrate that the substantial amount of PCDD/Fs in Guiyu sediments were mainly retained in local and vicinal water bodies. The principal component analysis (PCA) results further confirm that the high-level PCDD/Fs in Guiyu sediments exhibited quite limited translocations downstream and therefore exerted little influences on the lower reaches. Pentachlorophenol use in history, ceramic industry and vehicle exhaust were diagnosed as the major PCDD/F sources for most sediments of the Lian River. Total toxicity equivalent quantities (TEQs) of 70% of the Lian River sediments surpassed the high-risk limit specified for mammalian life by the U.S.EPA (25 pg TEQ g-1), and most of these sediments were from Guiyu and its near downstream, which merit continuous attention and necessary remediation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Aimin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangguo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Xu L, Liu S, Tang Y, Han X, Wang Y, Fu D, Qin Q, Xu Y. Long-Term Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Taihu Lake Sediment Microcosms: Identification of New Pathways, PCB-Driven Shifts of Microbial Communities, and Insights into Dechlorination Potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:938-950. [PMID: 34958198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is regarded as an alternative approach for in situ remediation and detoxification in the environment. To better understand the process of PCB dechlorination in freshwater lake sediment, a long-term (108 weeks) dechlorination study was performed in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms with nine parent PCB congeners (PCB5, 12, 64, 71, 105, 114, 149, 153, and 170). Within 108 weeks, the total PCBs declined by 32.8%, while parent PCBs declined by 84.8%. PCB dechlorinators preferred to attack meta- and para-chlorines, principally para-flanked meta and single-flanked para chlorines. A total of 58 dechlorination pathways were observed, and 20 of them were not in 8 processes, suggesting the broad spectrum of PCB dechlorination in the environment. Rare ortho dechlorination was confirmed to target the unflanked ortho chlorine, indicating a potential for complete dechlorination. PCBs drove the shifts of the microbial community structures, and putative dechlorinating bacteria were growth-linked to PCB dechlorination. The distinct jump of RDase genes ardA, rdh12, pcbA4, and pcbA5 was found to be consistent with the commencement of dechlorination. The maintained high level of putative dechlorinating phylum Chloroflexi (including Dehalococcoides and o-17/DF-1), genus Dehalococcoides, and four RDase genes at the end of incubation revealed the long-term dechlorination potential. This work provided insights into dechlorination potential for long-term remediation strategies at PCB-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuexin Han
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
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Xu Y, Tang Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu Z, Qin Q. Effects of iron-carbon materials on microbial-catalyzed reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Taihu Lake sediment microcosms: Enhanced chlorine removal, detoxification and shifts of microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148454. [PMID: 34465049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent iron particles (nZVI, 0.09 wt%), micro zero-valent iron particles (mZVI, 0.09 wt%), granular activated carbon (GAC, 3.03 wt%), GAC supported nZVI (nZVI/GAC, 3.12 wt%) and nZVI&GAC (nZVI 0.09 wt%, GAC 3.03 wt%) were evaluated for their effects on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) anaerobic reductive dechlorination, detoxification, as well as microbial community structure in Taihu Lake (China) sediment microcosms. The results showed that all of these five materials could stimulate PCBs reductive dechlorination, especially for dioxin-like PCB congeners, and nZVI&GAC had the best removal effect on PCBs. The reduction of total PCBs increased from 13.5% to 33.2%. H2 generated by zero-valent iron corrosion was utilized by organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) to enhance the dechlorination of PCBs predominantly via meta chlorine removal in the short term. The addition of ZVI had little impact on the total bacterial abundance and the microbial community structure. The adsorption of GAC and potential bioremediation properties of attached biofilm could promote the long-term removal of PCBs. GAC, nZVI/GAC, nZVI&GAC had different influences on the microbial structure. These findings provide insights into the biostimulation technique for in situ remediations of PCBs contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Yang L, Liu G, Shen J, Wang M, Yang Q, Zheng M. Environmental characteristics and formations of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106450. [PMID: 33684732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have similar or higher toxicities than the notorious dioxins. Toxicities, formation mechanisms, and environmental fates of PBDD/Fs are lacking because accurate quantification, especially of higher brominated congeners, is challenging. PBDD/F analysis is difficult because of photolysis and thermal degradation and interference from polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Here, literatures on PBDD/F analysis and environmental occurrences are reviewed to improve our understanding of PBDD/F environmental pollution and human exposure levels. Although PBDD/Fs behave similarly to dioxins, different congener profiles between PBDD/Fs and dioxins in the environment indicates their different sources and formation mechanisms. Herein, potential sources and formation mechanisms of PBDD/Fs were critically discussed, and current knowledge gaps and future directions for PBDD/F research are highlighted. An understanding of PBDD/F formation pathways will allow for development of synergistic control strategies for PBDD/Fs, dioxins, and other dioxin-like POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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Peters LI, Rose NL, Yang H, Klánová J, Moehring T, Harrad S. Temporal trends in radiometrically dated sediment cores from English lakes show polybrominated diphenyl ethers correlate with brominated but not mixed bromo/chloro dioxins and furans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143118. [PMID: 33129524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports concentrations between ~1950 and present, of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs), in radiometrically-dated sediment cores from three English lakes. Mixed bromo/chloro dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PXDD/Fs) were measured in two of the same lakes. Concentrations of PXDD/Fs decreased over time to the present. To our knowledge, this is the first report of temporal trends of PXDD/Fs in the environment. In contrast, concentrations of PBDEs increased towards the present and were significantly correlated (R = 0.88-0.98; p < 0.05) with concentrations of PBDFs in all three lakes. These observations suggest that the sources of PXDD/Fs are not related to PBDEs and differ from those of PBDFs. We also report for the first time the presence of octabromodibenzofuran (OBDF) in the two most recent core slices at one lake. The source of OBDF in these samples is unclear. While OBDF has been reported previously as a significant contaminant of some commercial formulations of Deca-BDE, it is also present in Octa-BDE products and in emissions from a variety of combustion activities. Overall, while the positive correlation between PBDEs and PBDFs suggests increased use of PBDEs has contributed substantially to environmental contamination with PBDFs; examination of PBDF homologue patterns implies emissions from combustion activities are likely also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon I Peters
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Handong Yang
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Moehring
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (GmbH) Bremen, Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Emerging Contaminants: Analysis, Aquatic Compartments and Water Pollution. EMERGING CONTAMINANTS VOL. 1 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69079-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lin Y, Le S, Feng C, Qiu X, Xu Q, Jin S, Zhang H, Jin Y, Wen Y, Xu H, Liu P, Rao Q, She J, Lu D. Exposure and health risk assessment of secondary contaminants closely related to brominated flame retardants (BFRs): Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in human milk in shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115121. [PMID: 33139099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), as the secondary environmental pollutants of the widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs), possess the similar physicochemical and toxic properties as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). However, studies on human body exposure to them are extremely limited. In this study, forty human milk samples collected in Shanghai were measured for 13 PBDD/F congeners using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), to investigate their exposure level and characteristics, potential source and corresponding health risks to breastfed infants. The results showed no PBDDs but three PBDF congeners including 2,3,7,8-TBDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF and OBDF (mean concentration (detection rates) are 3.2 pg/g (72.5%), 9.5 pg/g (100%) and 28 pg/g (67.5%), respectively) were detected. The average toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ, 0.42 pg/g lw) presented the highest concentration level compared to other regions reported. The contribution of PBDFs to the total TEQ of PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs is 6.8%. The correlation between PBDD/Fs and age or dietary habits was not observed, which normally existed in their chlorinated analogues-PCDD/Fs. Significant correlations were observed between PBDFs and highly brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (especially for BDE 183 and BDE 209). The correlation between PCDD/Fs and PBDFs was not observed except 2,3,7,8-TBDF. The high PBDFs exposure in Shanghai may originate from the emission of PBDEs and/or non-PBDE BFRs in environment, according to the consistency of the environmental data previously reported. The average estimated dietary intakes (EDI) for breastfed infants is 2.0 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day (0.13-13 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day), within the range of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for TCDD (1-4 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, given the high toxicity of PBDD/Fs, the potential health risks of these pollutants for breastfed infants should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Sunyang Le
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shuping Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yu'e Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yimin Wen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Shanghai Hongqiao Street Community Health Service Center, No.4 Lane 961 Hongqiao Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Shanghai Jiangzhen Community Health Service Center, 762 Dongting Road, Shanghai, 201202, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Badea SL, Geana EI, Niculescu VC, Ionete RE. Recent progresses in analytical GC and LC mass spectrometric based-methods for the detection of emerging chlorinated and brominated contaminants and their transformation products in aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137914. [PMID: 32208267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper is an overview of screening methods recently developed for emerging halogenated contaminants and their transformation products. The target screening methods are available only for a limited number of emerging pollutants since the reference standards for these compounds are not always available, but a risk assessment of those micropollutants in environment must be performed anyhow. Therefore, the chromatographic techniques hyphenated with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) trend to become indispensable methods for suspect and non-target screening of emerging halogenated contaminants. HRMS is also an effective tool for tentatively identification of the micropollutants' transformation products existing in much lower concentrations. To assess the transformation pathway of halogenated contaminants in environment, the non-target screening methods must be combined with biodegradation lab experiments and also with advanced oxidation and reduction processes that can mimic the transformation on these contaminants in environment. It is expected that in the future, the accurate-mass full-spectra of transformation products recorded by HRMS will be the basic information needed to elucidate the transformation pathways of emerging halogenated contaminants in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Laurentiu Badea
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania.
| | - Elisabeta-Irina Geana
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Roxana-Elena Ionete
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
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11
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Lei R, Liu W, Wu X, Ni T, Jia T. A review of levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in different environmental media from China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124685. [PMID: 31521928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a summary of the levels and profiles of PCDD/Fs throughout China, as reported in peer reviewed literatures since 1997. The literature shows that PCDD/Fs are widespread in various environmental media including air, water, sediment, and soil. PCDD/Fs concentrations in air were relatively low in most regions, with only a few areas considered polluted. Many studies reported seasonal trends, with higher and lower concentrations in winter and summer, respectively. We analyzed the factors affecting the concentrations of dioxins in air and summarized the causes of seasonal changes. As hydrophobic organic compounds, PCDD/Fs readily accumulate in sediments. The distribution of dioxins in sediment in Bohai Sea area was mainly introduced and the factors affecting concentrations of dioxins were studied. The levels of dioxins in soil in different regions varied greatly, with higher levels in areas close to pollution sources. We examined the dioxins concentrations in soil in places where the levels were very low (including the Tibet Plateau and other remote areas), contaminated areas, and other areas. Apart from the contaminated areas, the dioxins concentrations in soil were low. The results of the relatively low number of studies that have investigated PCDD/Fs in water have reported no obvious pollution in some waters, apart from Dongting Lake. PCDD/Fs levels across China are similar to those worldwide. Point sources, mainly related to local geographic, economic, and historical factors, were the most common source of contamination. E-waste dismantling and chemical production has the greatest impact on PCDD/Fs in different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Taotao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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12
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Li C, Yang L, Shi M, Liu G. Persistent organic pollutants in typical lake ecosystems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:668-678. [PMID: 31146153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are highly toxic organic chemicals. Lakes are one of the main sinks of POPs. POPs can be accumulated in multiple matrices in lake ecosystems and biomagnified through the food web, and thus pose a potential threat not only to lake ecosystems, but also to human health. Given their potential persistent risks, they have received much attention over the past decades. This review comprehensively summarizes the data on the levels and distributions of POPs in selected typical lake ecosystems in China and worldwide, involving water, sediments, organisms, and surrounding soils and atmosphere. It was found that current publications on POPs in Chinese lakes are mainly related to lakes in the developed eastern plain area, with only a few studies concerning the less-developed Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area. Similarly, around the world, there are more research on POPs in developed countries and less in relatively less-developed areas. Moreover, there are significant differences in the levels of POPs in different matrices in different lake ecosystems. Legacy POPs, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were commonly detected and reported in different lakes, while emerging POPs like perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and hexabromocyclododecane (HCBD) were relatively less detected or reported. A comprehensive summarization on the levels and distributions of traditional and emerging POPs in lake ecosystems could be significant for further understanding the behaviors and risks of POPs in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Miwei Shi
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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13
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Dai W, Lu L, Han Y, Wang L, Wang J, Hu J, Ma C, Zhang K, Mei T. Facile Synthesis of Mo 2C Nanoparticles from Waste Polyvinyl Chloride. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:4896-4900. [PMID: 31459673 PMCID: PMC6648863 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The resource utilization of waste plastic can not only control environmental pollution but can also ease up the problems of lack of energy resources. In this study, molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) nanoparticles have been synthesized by utilizing waste polyvinyl chloride as a carbon source in a stainless-steel autoclave at 600 °C. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that the product is orthorhombic phase Mo2C. Electron microscopy photographs show that the obtained Mo2C product consisted of crystalline nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm. The possible formation mechanisms of Mo2C have been also briefly discussed on the basis of the structures of the products synthesized with different reaction times. The effects of reaction temperature on the crystallinity and microstructure of the obtained products have been investigated. The results show that higher reaction temperature promotes the formation of Mo2C with high crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Dai
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
| | - Lingjing Lu
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
| | - Yingxia Han
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
| | - Liangbiao Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
- E-mail: (L.W.)
| | - Jiajian Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
| | - Jinmiao Hu
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Ma
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
| | - Kailong Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China
- E-mail: (K.Z.)
| | - Tao Mei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the
Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- E-mail: (T.M.)
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Chen J, Wang PF, Wang C, Liu JJ, Gao H, Wang X. Spatial distribution and diversity of organohalide-respiring bacteria and their relationships with polybrominated diphenyl ether concentration in Taihu Lake sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:200-211. [PMID: 28943350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is acknowledged that organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) can degrade polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); however, very little is known about the distribution of OHRB or their response to PBDE contamination in natural sediments. We collected sediments from 28 sampling sites in Taihu Lake, China, and investigated the spatial distribution and diversity of OHRB, and the relationships between the PBDE contamination levels and the PBDE removal potential. The abundances of five typical OHRB genera, namely Dehalobacter, Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, Desulfitobacterium, and Geobacter, ranged from 0.34 × 104 to 19.4 × 107 gene copies g-1 dry sediment, and varied significantly among different areas of Taihu Lake. OHRB were more abundant in sediments from Meiliang and Zhushan Bay, where the PBDE concentrations were higher, and the phylotype diversity of the OHRB belonging to the family Dehalococcoidaceae was lower, than reported for other areas. While the sulfate concentrations explained much of the spatial distribution of OHRB, PBDE concentrations were also a strong influence on the abundance and diversity of OHRB in the sediments. For Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas and Geobacter, the abundance of each genus was positively related to its own potential to remove PBDEs. The dominant OHRB genus, Dehalogenimonas, may contribute most to in situ bioremediation of PBDEs in Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Pei-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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15
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Wang J, Jia X, Gao S, Zeng X, Li H, Zhou Z, Sheng G, Yu Z. Levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecane, and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments from Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10361-10370. [PMID: 26490922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were investigated in 28 sediment samples collected from Taihu Lake, Eastern China. The results showed that all three classes of compounds were detected in 28 sediment samples but that PBDEs were the main contaminants in the study area. The total PBDE concentrations ranged from 3.77 to 347 ng/g dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 72.8 ng/g dw, whereas the concentrations ranged from 0.168 to 2.66 and from 0.012 to 1.30 ng/g dw for HBCD and TBBPA, respectively. In all of the sediment samples, BDE-209 was the predominant congener, accounting for 95.9 to 98.6 % of the total PBDEs, which indicated that commercial mixtures of deca-BDEs were the main sources of PBDE contamination. Higher concentrations of PBDEs were found in samples collected from Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay near the inflow river, which suggested that inflow runoff might play an important role in the PBDE levels in Taihu Lake sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Xuwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Huiru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Guangzhou Hexin Analyt Instrument Co Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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16
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Gallistl C, Vetter W. Synthesis, liquid chromatographic fractionation and partial characterization of polybrominated dibenzofuran congeners. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1442:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Lei B, Kang J, Wang X, Liu Q, Yu Z, Zeng X, Fu J. The toxicity of sediments from Taihu Lake evaluated by several in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3419-3430. [PMID: 25367641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays are useful techniques for the determination of biological effects in sediment samples containing complex mixtures of contaminants. In this study, 28 surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake, East China, were collected for toxicity assessment using a battery of in vitro bioassays. The battery included a two-hybrid yeast bioassay for estrogenic and thyroidal effects, the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay for aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (Ah-agonists)-mediated effects as measured by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and the SOS/umu bioassay for genotoxic effects. Toxicities were expressed as 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQs), T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) equivalents (T3-EQs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs), and induction ratios (IRs) of β-galactosidase activity. The results showed that total estrogenic effects in sediment samples ranged from 0.0011 to 12.4 pg EEQ/g sediment [dry weight (d.w.)], the thyroidal effects ranged from 0.35 to 24.8 pg T3-EQ/g sediment (d.w.), the Ah-agonist effects varied from 2.70 to 37.8 pg TEQ/g sediment (d.w.), and the weight of soil required for the extracts to lead to a positive result (IR 2.0) in the SOS/umu bioassay was between 1.98 and 15.3 mg (d.w.) per well. Significantly positive correlations were only found between lgT3-EQs and lgEEQs, which indicated similar spatial distributions of estrogenic and thyroidal effects in Taihu Lake. These results suggested that the applied battery of in vitro bioassays represented an efficient (fast and cost-effective) screening system for the identification of emerging contaminants in Taihu Lake and provided meaningful information for further analysis and risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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18
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Omwoma S, Lalah JO, Virani M, Schramm KW, Henkelmann B. Dioxin-like PCBs and PCDD/Fs in surface sediments near the shore of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:143-147. [PMID: 25150826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria is considered to be contaminated with toxic chemicals emanating from anthropogenic activities, especially near large industrial towns such as Kisumu. This has recently caused concerns about its water quality and impact on aquatic organisms and human beings. This study was justified by the need to generate baseline concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in surface sediment from selected sites in the lake and determine the influence of activities on their concentrations and potential risks to fish-eating birds living near the lake. Surface sediments (<30cm) from three different fish landing beaches, located 200m from the shore of Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria near Kisumu city, Homa Bay and Mbita (control) towns, were analysed. The total mean concentrations (in pgg(-1)drywt) were found to range from 17.4-812 (Σdl-PCBs), 36.6-813 (ΣPCDDs) and 1.45-46.4 (ΣPCDFs). The calculated Toxic Equivalents (TEQWHO(2005)) ranged from 0.001-0.43 (Σdl-PCBs) and 0.09-31 (ΣPCDD/Fs). The fish landing beaches at Kisumu city were found to be contaminated with respect to dl-PCBs and dioxins, followed by Homa Bay and Mbita. The relatively high levels of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) influenced the TEQ and the ΣPCDFs/ΣPCDDs ratios indicated chemical processes as partial sources of the dioxins. The levels of contaminants obtained in this study showed potential exposure to aquatic organisms and fish eating birds through food chain transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Omwoma
- Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Joseph O Lalah
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Munir Virani
- The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA; Ornithology Section, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Lei B, Kang J, Wang X, Yu Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Wang Y. The levels of PAHs and aryl hydrocarbon receptor effects in sediments of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6547-6557. [PMID: 24497304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples from Taihu Lake were analyzed by instruments, and sediment extracts were assayed for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) induction using a rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). The cause-effect relationship between the observed EROD activity and chemical concentrations of PAHs was examined. Our results showed that sediment extracts could induce significant AhR effects, and the bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents of raw extracts (TEQ(bio)s) ranged from 2.7 to 39.8 pg g(-1) dw. Chemical analysis showed that 16 PAHs were all detected in all samples, and their total concentrations (Σ16PAHs) ranged from 179.8 to 1,669.4 ng g(-1) dw. The abundance of sedimentary PAHs in the three regions (Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Xukou Bay) showed a decreasing trend from the inflow region to the outflow region. Chemical analysis-derived TEQs (TEQ(cal)s) contributed by PAHs ranged from 1.6 to 20.7 pg g(-1) dw. The mean contribution rates (CRs) of PAHs to TEQ(bio)s were 48.9%. In Meiliang Bay, EROD effects of 60% samples were caused by PAHs whose CRs were more than 60%, while in most sampling sites of Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay, the CRs of PAHs to TEQ(bio)s were basically below 40%. In addition, preliminary ecological risk assessment found that PAHs in sediments have very low ecological impact based on the chemical data of PAHs, while the sediments might pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms and their predators based on the data of TEQ(bio). These findings showed that EROD effects of sediment extracts from Taihu Lake were also caused by other compounds, such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc., together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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20
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Xia J, Su G, Zhang X, Shi W, Giesy JP, Yu H. Dioxin-like activity in sediments from Tai Lake, China determined by use of the H4IIE-luc bioassay and quantification of individual AhR agonists. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1480-1488. [PMID: 23925657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of the general ecosystem and specifically quality of the water in Tai Lake (Ch: Taihu), the third largest freshwater in China, is of great concern. However, knowledge on status and trends of dioxin-like compounds in Tai Lake was limited. This study investigated AhR-mediated potency and quantified potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in sediments from four regions (Meiliang Bay, Zhushan Lake, Lake Center, Corner of Zhushan Lake, and Meiliang Bay) of Tai Lake by use of the in vitro H4IIE-luc, cell-based, transactivation, reporter gene assay, and instrumental analysis. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (Bio-TEQs) in sediments ranged from less than the limit of detection to 114.5 pg/g, dry weight, which indicated that organic extracts of sediments exhibited significant AhR-mediated potencies. Results of the potency balance analysis demonstrated that acid-labile, dioxin-like compounds represented a greater proportion of concentrations of Bio-TEQs in sediments from Tai Lake. Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents calculated as the sum of the product of concentrations of individual congeners and their respective relative potencies (Chem-TEQs) based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or polychlorinated biphenyls represented no more than 10% of the total concentrations of Bio-TEQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210089, China
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Guo C, He Y, Li L, Meng W. Levels and distribution of tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane in Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2249-2255. [PMID: 23804316 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in water and sediments from Taihu Lake, China, were investigated. The analytes were quantified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The TBBPA levels in water ranged from below the limit of detection (LOD) to 1.12 ng/L, whereas levels in sediments were between 0.056 ng/g dry weight and 2.15 ng/g dry weight. Regarding HBCD, concentrations were from below the LOD to 0.37 ng/L for water samples and from 0.046 ng/g dry weight to 2.56 ng/g dry weight for sediments. No correlation was found between sediment total organic carbon content and TBBPA/HBCDs, while significant positive correlations (r2 = 0.63, p < 0.005) were observed between TBBPA concentrations and HBCD concentrations in sediments. The highest TBBPA (2.15 ng/g dry wt) and total HBCD concentration (2.56 ng/g dry wt) was found at sampling site 1 (S1), while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from S1, suggesting that the estuary inputs around Taihu Lake were important sources of TBBPA and HBCDs. Compared with the pollution levels in the other regions of the world, the concentrations of TBBPA and HBCDs in Taihu Lake were at a moderate or low level. Further study on the sources of TBBPA and HBCDs is required for both assessment of their potential risks and better pollution management in Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen L, Bi Y, Zhu K, Hu Z, Zhao W, Henkelmann B, Bernhöft S, Temoka C, Schramm KW. Contamination status of dioxins in sediment cores from the Three Gorges Dam area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4268-4277. [PMID: 23296975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to screen dioxin pollution in sediment of Three Gorges Dam (TGD) area, three sediment cores were obtained from two sites in 2010~2011; each core was divided into different samples with every 10 cm depth. Sediment dating determined by radiometry ((137)Cs, (210)Pb) and concentrations of dioxins were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results indicated: Sediment dating showed no significant difference among all the samples from the same core and the two locations (ANOVA, p>0.05). The total amount of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD)/Fs in all sample ranged from 30.7 to 371 pg/g dry weight (d.w.), with the mean value of 66.2 pg/g d.w. PCDDs occupied 60.33~85.22 % of dioxins in each sample, and PCDFs contributed to a very small extend. There was no significant difference in the dioxin concentration between 2010 and 2011 and in the two locations (t test, p>0.05), but the vertical distribution of dioxins showed significant different in different depths. Toxic equivalent (TEQ) (WHO 2005, Humans) of samples ranged from 0.15 to 1.60 pg/g d.w.; the mean was 0.41 pg/g d.w. No significant difference was found in TEQ between 2010 and 2011(t test, p>0.05). It could be concluded that the distribution of dioxins showed the spatial heterogeneous which resulted from the strong mixing and sediment deposition characteristics. Dioxin concentration in sediment cores was low with very low environmental risk potential. Dioxins at the two sites had the same origin, and exogenous input was the main source. It is the first report on the dioxins concentrations in sediment cores in the TGD area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Ssebugere P, Kiremire BT, Henkelmann B, Bernhöft S, Wasswa J, Kasozi GN, Schramm KW. PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in surface sediments from Lake Victoria, East Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 454-455:528-533. [PMID: 23567173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments (<60 cm) from the Napoleon Gulf and Thurston Bay on the northern shore of Lake Victoria were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). Fifteen PCDD/Fs and eleven dl-PCBs were found in 75.5% of the samples. The maximum concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were 44.1 and 136 pg g(-1) dry weight (dw), respectively. Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was the predominant PCDD/F congener at the Napoleon Gulf and Thurston Bay area. Regarding the dl-PCBs, a variation in levels was observed between the mono-ortho PCBs and non-ortho PCBs, with the former having higher levels than the latter. The PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels, in the sediments of Napoleon Gulf, which is near urban centers and industrial areas were markedly higher (α ≤ 0.05) than those from the Thurston Bay, which is offshore, suggesting that human activities could be sources of the pollutants to the surrounding water resources. World Health Organization-toxic equivalency quotients (WHO-TEQs) lay in the range of 0.07-5.53 pg g(-1) dw for PCDD/Fs and 0.01-0.23 pg g(-1) dw for dl-PCBs. 23.1% of samples from the Napoleon Gulf had their results above the set WHOPCDD/Fs-TEQ value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
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