1
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Arai D, Ogata S, Shimizu T, Yang M. Enhancement of Convection and Molecular Transport into Film Stacked Structures by Introduction of Notch Shape for Micro-Immunoassay. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:613. [PMID: 38793185 PMCID: PMC11123275 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A 3D-stack microfluidic device that can be used in combination with 96-well plates for micro-immunoassay was developed by the authors. ELISA for detecting IgA by the 3D-stack can be performed in one-ninth of the time of the conventional method by using only 96-well plates. In this study, a notched-shape film was designed and utilized for the 3D-stack to promote circulation by enhancing and utilizing the axial flow and circumferential flow in order to further reduce the reaction time. A finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the axial flow and circumferential flow while using the 3D-stack in a well and design the optimal shape. The 3D-stack with the notched-shape film was fabricated and utilized for the binding rate test of the antibody and antigen and ELISA. As a result, by promoting circulation using 3D-stack with notched-shape film, the reaction time for each process of ELISA was reduced to 1 min, which is 1/60 for 96 wells at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Yang
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (D.A.); (S.O.); (T.S.)
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2
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Maeno H, Ogata S, Shimizu T, Yang M. Enhancement of Molecular Transport into Film Stacked Structures for Micro-Immunoassay by Unsteady Rotation. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:744. [PMID: 37420977 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A film-stacked structure consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films stacked in a gap of 20 µm that can be combined with 96-well microplates used in biochemical analysis has been developed by the authors. When this structure is inserted into a well and rotated, convection flow is generated in the narrow gaps between the films to enhance the chemical/bio reaction between the molecules. However, since the main component of the flow is a swirling flow, only a part of the solution circulates into the gaps, and reaction efficiency is not achieved as designed. In this study, an unsteady rotation is applied to promote the analyte transport into the gaps using the secondary flow generated on the surface of the rotating disk. Finite element analysis is used to evaluate the changes in flow and concentration distribution for each rotation operation and to optimize the rotation conditions. In addition, the molecular binding ratio for each rotation condition is evaluated. It is shown that the unsteady rotation accelerates the binding reaction of proteins in an ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay), a type of immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinata Maeno
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogata
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
| | - Tetsuhide Shimizu
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
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3
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Sinha N, Yang H, Janse D, Hendriks L, Rand U, Hauser H, Köster M, van de Vosse FN, de Greef TFA, Tel J. Microfluidic chip for precise trapping of single cells and temporal analysis of signaling dynamics. COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2022; 1:18. [PMCID: PMC10955935 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-022-00019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic designs are versatile examples of technology miniaturisation that find their applications in various cell biology research, especially to investigate the influence of environmental signals on cellular response dynamics. Multicellular systems operate in intricate cellular microenvironments where environmental signals govern well-orchestrated and robust responses, the understanding of which can be realized with integrated microfluidic systems. In this study, we present a fully automated and integrated microfluidic chip that can deliver input signals to single and isolated suspension or adherent cells in a precisely controlled manner. In respective analyses of different single cell types, we observe, in real-time, the temporal dynamics of caspase 3 activation during DMSO-induced apoptosis in single cancer cells (K562) and the translocation of STAT-1 triggered by interferon γ (IFNγ) in single fibroblasts (NIH3T3). Our investigations establish the employment of our versatile microfluidic system in probing temporal single cell signaling networks where alternations in outputs uncover signal processing mechanisms. Nidhi Sinha, Haowen Yang and colleagues report a microfluidic large-scale integration chip to probe temporal single-cell signalling networks via the delivery of patterns of input signalling molecules. The researchers use their device to investigate drug-induced cancer cell apoptosis and single cell transcription (STAT-1) protein signalling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sinha
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Haowen Yang
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - David Janse
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Luc Hendriks
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ulfert Rand
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Köster
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frans N. van de Vosse
- Cardiovascular Biomechanics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Tom F. A. de Greef
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, TU Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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4
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A Flexible Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensor for Cancer Cell Growth and Migration Detection. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040631. [PMID: 35457933 PMCID: PMC9025615 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterial biosensors have been extensively used to identify cell types and detect concentrations of tumor biomarkers. However, the methods for in situ and non-destruction measurement of cell migration, which plays a key role in tumor progression and metastasis, are highly desirable. Therefore, a flexible terahertz metamaterial biosensor based on parylene C substrate was proposed for label-free and non-destructive detection of breast cancer cell growth and migration. The maximum resonance peak frequency shift achieved 183.2 GHz when breast cancer cell MDA−MB−231 was cultured onto the surface of the metamaterial biosensor for 72 h. A designed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) barrier sheet was applied to detect the cell growth rate which was quantified as 14.9 µm/h. The experimental peak shift expressed a linear relationship with the covered area and a quadratic relationship with the distance, which was consistent with simulation results. Additionally, the cell migration indicated that the transform growth factor-β (TGF-β) promoted the cancer cell migration. The terahertz metamaterial biosensor shows great potential for the investigation of cell biology in the future.
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Xu J, Suo W, Goulev Y, Sun L, Kerr L, Paulsson J, Zhang Y, Lao T. Handheld Microfluidic Filtration Platform Enables Rapid, Low-Cost, and Robust Self-Testing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104009. [PMID: 34845827 PMCID: PMC8725168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, a novel microfluidic test kit combining ultrahigh throughput hydrodynamic filtration and sandwich immunoassay is reported. Specifically, nano and microbeads coated with two different, noncompetitive antibodies, are used to capture the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) proteins simultaneously, forming larger complexes. Microfluidic filtration discards free nanobeads but retains antigen-bridged complexes in the observation zone, where a display of red color indicates the presence of antigen in the sample. This testing platform exhibits high throughput separation (<30 s) and enrichment of antigen that exceeds the traditional lateral flow assays or microfluidic assays, with a low limit of detection (LoD) < 100 copies mL-1 . In two rounds of clinical trials conducted in December 2020 and August 2021, the assays demonstrate high sensitivities of 95.4% and 100%, respectively, which proves this microfluidic test kit is capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus variants evolved over significant periods of time. Furthermore, the mass-produced chip can be fabricated at a cost of $0.98/test and the robust design allows the chip to be reused for over 50 times. All of these features make the microfluidic test kit particularly suitable for areas with inadequate medical infrastructure and a shortage of laboratory resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenhao Suo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Youlian Goulev
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Liam Kerr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A0C3, Canada
| | - Johan Paulsson
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Taotao Lao
- Boston Molecules Inc., 564 Main Street, Waltham, MA 02452, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02114, USA
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6
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Maeno H, Wong PF, AbuBakar S, Yang M, Sam SS, Jamil-Abd J, Shunmugarajoo A, Mustafa M, Said RM, Mageswaren E, Azmel A, Mat Jelani A. A 3D Microfluidic ELISA for the Detection of Severe Dengue: Sensitivity Improvement and Vroman Effect Amelioration by EDC-NHS Surface Modification. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121503. [PMID: 34945351 PMCID: PMC8715748 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum is commonly used as a specimen in immunoassays but the presence of heterophilic antibodies can potentially interfere with the test results. Previously, we have developed a microfluidic device called: 3D Stack for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, its evaluation was limited to detection from a single protein solution. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of the 3D Stack in detecting a severe dengue biomarker—soluble CD163 (sCD163)—within the serum matrix. To determine potential interactions with serum matrix, a spike-and-recovery assay was performed, using 3D Stacks with and without surface modification by an EDC–NHS (N-ethyl-N′-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) coupling. Without surface modification, a reduced analyte recovery in proportion to serum concentration was observed because of the Vroman effect, which resulted in competitive displacement of coated capture antibodies by serum proteins with stronger binding affinities. However, EDC–NHS coupling prevented antibody desorption and improved the sensitivity. Subsequent comparison of sCD163 detection using a 3D Stack with EDC–NHS coupling and conventional ELISA in dengue patients’ sera revealed a high correlation (R = 0.9298, p < 0.0001) between the two detection platforms. Bland–Altman analysis further revealed insignificant systematic error between the mean differences of the two methods. These data suggest the potentials of the 3D Stack for further development as a detection platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinata Maeno
- Department of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan;
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Educational Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.A.); (S.-S.S.); (J.J.-A.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue and Severe Dengue) MAA-12, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Medical Department, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, Klang 41200, Malaysia; (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sing-Sin Sam
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Educational Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.A.); (S.-S.S.); (J.J.-A.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue and Severe Dengue) MAA-12, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Juraina Jamil-Abd
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Educational Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.A.); (S.-S.S.); (J.J.-A.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue and Severe Dengue) MAA-12, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Anusha Shunmugarajoo
- Medical Department, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, Klang 41200, Malaysia; (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Mahiran Mustafa
- Medical Department, Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu 15200, Malaysia; (M.M.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Rosaida Md Said
- Medical Department, Ampang Hospital, Ampang 68000, Malaysia;
| | - Eashwary Mageswaren
- Medical Department, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, Klang 41200, Malaysia; (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Azureen Azmel
- Medical Department, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, Klang 41200, Malaysia; (A.S.); (E.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Anilawati Mat Jelani
- Medical Department, Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu 15200, Malaysia; (M.M.); (A.M.J.)
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7
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Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), as one of the most used immunoassays, have been conducted ubiquitously in hospitals, research laboratories, etc. However, the conventional ELISA procedure is usually laborious, occupies bulky instruments, consumes lengthy operation time, and relies considerably on the skills of technicians, and such limitations call for innovations to develop a fully automated ELISA platform. In this paper, we have presented a system incorporating a robotic-microfluidic interface (RoMI) and a modular hybrid microfluidic chip that embeds a highly sensitive nanofibrous membrane, referred to as the Robotic ELISA, to achieve human-free sample-to-answer ELISA tests in a fully programmable and automated manner. It carries out multiple bioanalytical procedures to replace the manual steps involved in classic ELISA operations, including the pneumatically driven high-precision pipetting, efficient mixing and enrichment enabled by back-and-forth flows, washing, and integrated machine vision for colorimetric readout. The Robotic ELISA platform has achieved a low limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL in the detection of a low sample volume (15 μL) of chloramphenicol within 20 min without human intervention, which is significantly faster than that of the conventional ELISA procedure. Benefiting from its modular design and automated operations, the Robotic ELISA platform has great potential to be deployed for a broad range of detections in various resource-limited settings or high-risk environments, where human involvement needs to be minimized while the testing timeliness, consistency, and sensitivity are all desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqing Zhou
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Zecong Fang
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Single-molecule Detection and Instrument Development, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cunyi Zhao
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Xiyan Mai
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Single-molecule Detection and Instrument Development, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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8
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Huang L, Su E, Liu Y, He N, Deng Y, Jin L, Chen Z, Li S. A microfluidic device for accurate detection of hs-cTnI. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Rodriguez-Moncayo R, Cedillo-Alcantar DF, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Chavez-Pineda OG, Hernandez-Ortiz JA, Amador-Hernandez JU, Rojas-Velasco G, Sanchez-Muñoz F, Manzur-Sandoval D, Patino-Lopez LD, May-Arrioja DA, Posadas-Sanchez R, Vargas-Alarcon G, Garcia-Cordero JL. A high-throughput multiplexed microfluidic device for COVID-19 serology assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:93-104. [PMID: 33319882 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The applications of serology tests to the virus SARS-CoV-2 are diverse, ranging from diagnosing COVID-19, understanding the humoral response to this disease, and estimating its prevalence in a population, to modeling the course of the pandemic. COVID-19 serology assays will significantly benefit from sensitive and reliable technologies that can process dozens of samples in parallel, thus reducing costs and time; however, they will also benefit from biosensors that can assess antibody reactivities to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Here, we report a high-throughput microfluidic device that can assess antibody reactivities against four SARS-CoV-2 antigens from up to 50 serum samples in parallel. This semi-automatic platform measures IgG and IgM levels against four SARS-CoV-2 proteins: the spike protein (S), the S1 subunit (S1), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleocapsid (N). After assay optimization, we evaluated sera from infected individuals with COVID-19 and a cohort of archival samples from 2018. The assay achieved a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 91%. Nonetheless, both parameters increased to 100% when evaluating sera from individuals in the third week after symptom onset. To further assess our platform's utility, we monitored the antibody titers from 5 COVID-19 patients over a time course of several weeks. Our platform can aid in global efforts to control and understand COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Diana F Cedillo-Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Oriana G Chavez-Pineda
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Jose A Hernandez-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Josue U Amador-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Rojas-Velasco
- Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Manzur-Sandoval
- Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis D Patino-Lopez
- Department of Renewable Energy, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daniel A May-Arrioja
- Fiber and Integrated Optics Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica (CIO), Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcon
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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10
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Bandaru P, Chu D, Sun W, Lasli S, Zhao C, Hou S, Zhang S, Ni J, Cefaloni G, Ahadian S, Dokmeci MR, Sengupta S, Lee J, Khademhosseini A. A Microfabricated Sandwiching Assay for Nanoliter and High-Throughput Biomarker Screening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900300. [PMID: 30884183 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells secrete substances that are essential to the understanding of numerous immunological phenomena and are extensively used in clinical diagnoses. Countless techniques for screening of biomarker secretion in living cells have generated valuable information on cell function and physiology, but low volume and real-time analysis is a bottleneck for a range of approaches. Here, a simple, highly sensitive assay using a high-throughput micropillar and microwell array chip (MIMIC) platform is presented for monitoring of biomarkers secreted by cancer cells. The sensing element is a micropillar array that uses the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) mechanism to detect captured biomolecules. When integrated with a microwell array where few cells are localized, interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion can be monitored with nanoliter volume using multiple micropillar arrays. The trend of cell secretions measured using MIMICs matches the results from conventional ELISA well while it requires orders of magnitude less cells and volumes. Moreover, the proposed MIMIC is examined to be used as a drug screening platform by delivering drugs using micropillar arrays in combination with a microfluidic system and then detecting biomolecules from cells as exposed to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bandaru
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dafeng Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Soufian Lasli
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiahua Ni
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Giorgia Cefaloni
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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11
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Sun T, Lazouskaya V, Jin Y. Polydimethylsiloxane Replicas Efficacy for Simulating Fresh Produce Surfaces and Application in Mechanistic Study of Colloid Retention. J Food Sci 2019; 84:524-531. [PMID: 30775789 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses associated with fresh produce have attracted increasing attention in the food industry, scientific and public health communities. Studies have shown that surface properties of fresh produce can affect bacterial attachment and colonization, yet the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. In our previous work, using colloids as bacterial surrogates, we demonstrated that colloid retention on fresh produce was controlled by water retention/distribution on produce surfaces, which were in turn governed by produce surface properties. However, high variabilities among the natural samples and multiple factors that were simultaneously involved made it difficult for interpreting the results and in pinpointing the mechanisms responsible for the observed colloid retention behavior. To better evaluate the mechanisms, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replicas of tomato, lettuce, and spinach were fabricated and compared with fresh produce surfaces in this study. The PDMS replicas thoroughly preserved the surface topographical features of their natural counterparts while having identical chemical properties (for example, hydrophobicity), thus, allowing for the separation of surface topography/roughness and hydrophobicity effects. We found that residual water retention/distribution and colloid retention on the PDMS replicas were consistent with the results observed on the corresponding fresh produce surfaces, but had smaller deviations from the respective means when compared to the natural surfaces. The use of PDMS replicas improved experimental reproducibility, and enabled differentiation on the effects of surface hydrophobicity and surface roughness on colloid retention, thus, allowed more rigorous elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, PDMS replicas could be used as surrogates of fresh produce for mechanistic studies of surface-bacteria interactions. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work demonstrates the feasibility of using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to simulate fresh produce surfaces for studying interactions between produce surfaces and colloids, including bacteria. Although it is more realistic to use fruit or vegetable surfaces, the difficulties of working with natural surfaces that are heterogeneous and variable hinder systematic and mechanistic studies. The use of PDMS replicas can eliminate these difficulties and improve experimental reproducibility. This study demonstrated that PDMS replicas could adequately represent the topographical features of natural produce surfaces; the results on colloid retention provided insight into fresh produce contamination and the development of effective decontamination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taozhu Sun
- Dept. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Delaware, 450 ISE Lab, 221 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, U.S.A
| | - Volha Lazouskaya
- Dept. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Delaware, 450 ISE Lab, 221 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, U.S.A
| | - Yan Jin
- Dept. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Delaware, 450 ISE Lab, 221 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, U.S.A
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12
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Lv X, Geng Z, Fan Z, Wang S, Pei W, Chen H. A PDMS Device Coupled with Culture Dish for In Vitro Cell Migration Assay. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:633-643. [PMID: 29707732 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are important factors during tumor progression and metastasis. Wound-healing assay and the Boyden chamber assay are efficient tools to investigate tumor development because both of them could be applied to measure cell migration rate. Therefore, a simple and integrated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device was developed for cell migration assay, which could perform quantitative evaluation of cell migration behaviors, especially for the wound-healing assay. The integrated device was composed of three units, which included cell culture dish, PDMS chamber, and wound generation mold. The PDMS chamber was integrated with cell culture chamber and could perform six experiments under different conditions of stimuli simultaneously. To verify the function of this device, it was utilized to explore the tumor cell migration behaviors under different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) at different time points. This device has the unique capability to create the "wound" area in parallel during cell migration assay and provides a simple and efficient platform for investigating cell migration assay in biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoxin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shicai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of crystal materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - WeiHua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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13
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Seo J, Shin JY, Leijten J, Jeon O, Camci-Unal G, Dikina AD, Brinegar K, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alsberg E, Khademhosseini A. High-throughput approaches for screening and analysis of cell behaviors. Biomaterials 2018; 153:85-101. [PMID: 29079207 PMCID: PMC5702937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of new biomaterials and techniques to modify them challenge our capability to characterize them using conventional methods. In response, numerous high-throughput (HT) strategies are being developed to analyze biomaterials and their interactions with cells using combinatorial approaches. Moreover, these systematic analyses have the power to uncover effects of delivered soluble bioactive molecules on cell responses. In this review, we describe the recent developments in HT approaches that help identify cellular microenvironments affecting cell behaviors and highlight HT screening of biochemical libraries for gene delivery, drug discovery, and toxicological studies. We also discuss HT techniques for the analyses of cell secreted biomolecules and provide perspectives on the future utility of HT approaches in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok Seo
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jung-Youn Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA, 01854-2827, USA
| | - Anna D Dikina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Katelyn Brinegar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Kaestli AJ, Junkin M, Tay S. Integrated platform for cell culture and dynamic quantification of cell secretion. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4124-4133. [PMID: 29094740 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00839b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed an automated microfluidic chip that can measure dynamic cytokine secretion and transcription factor activation from cells responding to time-varying stimuli. Our chip patterns antibodies, exposes cells to time-varying inputs, measures cell secretion dynamics, and quantifies secretion all in the same platform. Secretion dynamics are measured using micrometer-sized immunoassays patterned directly inside the chip. All processes are automated, so that no user input is needed for conducting a complete cycle of device preparation, cell experiments, and secretion quantification. Using this system, we simulated an immune response by exposing cells to stimuli indicative of chronic and increasing inflammation. Specifically, we quantified how macrophages respond to changing levels of the bacterial ligand LPS, in terms of transcription factor NF-κB activity and TNF cytokine secretion. The integration of assay preparation with experimental automation of our system simplifies protocols for measuring cell responses to dynamic and physiologically relevant conditions and enables simpler and more error free means of microfluidic cellular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Kaestli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Lv X, Geng Z, Fan Z, Wang S, Pei W, Chen H. An integrated method for cell isolation and migration on a chip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8963. [PMID: 28827722 PMCID: PMC5566426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cell migration has an important impact on tumour metastasis. Magnetic manipulation is an ascendant method for guiding and patterning cells. Here, a unique miniaturized microfluidic chip integrating cell isolation and migration assay was designed to isolate and investigate cell migration. The chip was fabricated and composed of a magnet adapter, a polytetrafluoroethylene(PDMS) microfluidic chip and six magnetic rings. This device was used to isolate MCF-7 cells from MDA-MB-231-RFP cells and evaluate the effects of TGF-β on MCF-7 cells. First, the two cell types were mixed and incubated with magnetic beads modified with an anti-EpCAM antibody. Then, they were slowly introduced into the chip. MCF-7 cells bond to the magnetic beads in a ring-shaped pattern, while MDA-MB-231-RFP cells were washed away by PBS. Cell viability was examined during culturing in the micro-channel. The effects of TGF-β on MCF-7 cells were evaluated by migration distance and protein expression. The integrated method presented here is novel, low-cost and easy for performing cell isolation and migration assay. The method could be beneficial for developing microfluidic device applications for cancer metastasis research and could provide a new method for biological experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Geng
- School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shicai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of crystal materials, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - WeiHua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Rapid ELISA Using a Film-Stack Reaction Field with Micropillar Arrays. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071608. [PMID: 28696378 PMCID: PMC5539656 DOI: 10.3390/s17071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A film-stack reaction field with a micropillar array using a motor stirrer was developed for the high sensitivity and rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reaction. The effects of the incubation time of a protein (30 s, 5 min, and 10 min) on the fluorescence intensity in ELISAs were investigated using a reaction field with different micropillar array dimensions (5-µm, 10-µm and 50-µm gaps between the micropillars). The difference in fluorescence intensity between the well with the reaction field of 50-µm gap for the incubation time of 30 s and the well without the reaction field with for incubation time of 10 min was 6%. The trend of the fluorescence intensity in the gap between the micro pillars in the film-stack reaction field was different between the short incubation time and the long incubation time. The theoretical analysis of the physical parameters related with the biomolecule transport indicated that the reaction efficiency defined in this study was the dominant factor determining the fluorescence intensity for the short incubation time, whereas the volumetric rate of the circulating flow through the space between films and the specific surface area were the dominant factors for the long incubation time.
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17
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Hu B, Li J, Mou L, Liu Y, Deng J, Qian W, Sun J, Cha R, Jiang X. An automated and portable microfluidic chemiluminescence immunoassay for quantitative detection of biomarkers. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2225-2234. [PMID: 28573279 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms capable of automated, rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of biomarkers from patient samples could make a major impact on clinical or point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. In this work, we realize an automated diagnostic platform composed of two main components: (1) a disposable, self-contained, and integrated microfluidic chip and (2) a portable instrument that carries out completely automated operations. To demonstrate its potential for real-world application, we use injection molding for mass fabrication of the main components of disposable microfluidic chips. The assembled three-layered chip with on-chip mechanical valves for fluid control consists of (1) a top silicone fluidic layer with embedded zigzag microchannels, reagent reservoirs and a negative pressure port, (2) a middle tinfoil layer with patterned antibody/antigen stripes, and (3) a bottom silicone substrate layer with waste reservoirs. The versatility of the microfluidics-based system is demonstrated by implementation of a chemiluminescence immunoassay for quantitative detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) and testosterone in real clinical samples. This lab-on-a-chip platform with features of quantitation, portability and automation provides a promising strategy for POC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfeng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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18
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Suzuki Y, Morioka K, Shimizu T, Nakajima H, Uchiyama K, Yang M. Influence of structural dimensions of micro-pillar array in reaction field on sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1327331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Suzuki
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morioka
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhide Shimizu
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming Yang
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Shrirao AB, Kung FH, Yip D, Firestein BL, Cho CH, Townes-Anderson E. A Versatile Method of Patterning Proteins and Cells. J Vis Exp 2017:55513. [PMID: 28287599 PMCID: PMC5409280 DOI: 10.3791/55513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Substrate and cell patterning techniques are widely used in cell biology to study cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions. Conventional patterning techniques work well only with simple shapes, small areas and selected bio-materials. This article describes a method to distribute cell suspensions as well as substrate solutions into complex, long, closed (dead-end) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels using negative pressure. This method enables researchers to pattern multiple substrates including fibronectin, collagen, antibodies (Sal-1), poly-D-lysine (PDL), and laminin. Patterning of substrates allows one to indirectly pattern a variety of cells. We have tested C2C12 myoblasts, the PC12 neuronal cell line, embryonic rat cortical neurons, and amphibian retinal neurons. In addition, we demonstrate that this technique can directly pattern fibroblasts in microfluidic channels via brief application of a low vacuum on cell suspensions. The low vacuum does not significantly decrease cell viability as shown by cell viability assays. Modifications are discussed for application of the method to different cell and substrate types. This technique allows researchers to pattern cells and proteins in specific patterns without the need for exotic materials or equipment and can be done in any laboratory with a vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Shrirao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University;
| | - Frank H Kung
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University;
| | - Derek Yip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology
| | | | - Cheul H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology
| | - Ellen Townes-Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
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20
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Cellular Response to Surface Topography and Substrate Stiffness. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51617-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Singh H, Morita T, Suzuki Y, Shimojima M, Le Van A, Sugamata M, Yang M. High sensitivity, high surface area Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Biomed Mater Eng 2016; 26:115-27. [PMID: 26684884 DOI: 10.3233/bme-151561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are considered the gold standard in the demonstration of various immunological reactions with an application in the detection of infectious diseases such as during outbreaks or in patient care. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to produce an ELISA-based diagnostic with an increased sensitivity of detection compared to the standard 96-well method in the immunologic diagnosis of infectious diseases. METHODS A '3DStack' was developed using readily available, low cost fabrication technologies namely nanoimprinting and press stamping with an increased surface area of 4 to 6 times more compared to 96-well plates. This was achieved by stacking multiple nanoimprinted polymer sheets. The flow of analytes between the sheets was enhanced by rotating the 3DStack and confirmed by Finite-Element (FE) simulation. An Immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA for the detection of antibodies in human serum raised against Rubella virus was performed for validation. RESULTS An improved sensitivity of up to 1.9 folds higher was observed using the 3DStack compared to the standard method. CONCLUSIONS The increased surface area of the 3DStack developed using nanoimprinting and press stamping technologies, and the flow pattern between sheets generated by rotating the 3DStack were potential contributors to a more sensitive ELISA-based diagnostic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpal Singh
- Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Morita
- Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Suzuki
- Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - An Le Van
- Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Masami Sugamata
- Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam.,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Pathogen receptor discovery with a microfluidic human membrane protein array. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4344-9. [PMID: 27044079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518698113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of how a pathogen invades a cell requires one to determine which host cell receptors are exploited. This determination is a challenging problem because the receptor is invariably a membrane protein, which represents an Achilles heel in proteomics. We have developed a universal platform for high-throughput expression and interaction studies of membrane proteins by creating a microfluidic-based comprehensive human membrane protein array (MPA). The MPA is, to our knowledge, the first of its kind and offers a powerful alternative to conventional proteomics by enabling the simultaneous study of 2,100 membrane proteins. We characterized direct interactions of a whole nonenveloped virus (simian virus 40), as well as those of the hepatitis delta enveloped virus large form antigen, with candidate host receptors expressed on the MPA. Selected newly discovered membrane protein-pathogen interactions were validated by conventional methods, demonstrating that the MPA is an important tool for cellular receptor discovery and for understanding pathogen tropism.
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23
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Liu J, Fu H, Yang T, Li S. Automatic sequential fluid handling with multilayer microfluidic sample isolated pumping. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054118. [PMID: 26487904 PMCID: PMC4592428 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To sequentially handle fluids is of great significance in quantitative biology, analytical chemistry, and bioassays. However, the technological options are limited when building such microfluidic sequential processing systems, and one of the encountered challenges is the need for reliable, efficient, and mass-production available microfluidic pumping methods. Herein, we present a bubble-free and pumping-control unified liquid handling method that is compatible with large-scale manufacture, termed multilayer microfluidic sample isolated pumping (mμSIP). The core part of the mμSIP is the selective permeable membrane that isolates the fluidic layer from the pneumatic layer. The air diffusion from the fluidic channel network into the degassing pneumatic channel network leads to fluidic channel pressure variation, which further results in consistent bubble-free liquid pumping into the channels and the dead-end chambers. We characterize the mμSIP by comparing the fluidic actuation processes with different parameters and a flow rate range of 0.013 μl/s to 0.097 μl/s is observed in the experiments. As the proof of concept, we demonstrate an automatic sequential fluid handling system aiming at digital assays and immunoassays, which further proves the unified pumping-control and suggests that the mμSIP is suitable for functional microfluidic assays with minimal operations. We believe that the mμSIP technology and demonstrated automatic sequential fluid handling system would enrich the microfluidic toolbox and benefit further inventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiao Liu
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hai Fu
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianhang Yang
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Songjing Li
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
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24
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Abstract
Biosensors first appeared several decades ago to address the need for monitoring physiological parameters such as oxygen or glucose in biological fluids such as blood. More recently, a new wave of biosensors has emerged in order to provide more nuanced and granular information about the composition and function of living cells. Such biosensors exist at the confluence of technology and medicine and often strive to connect cell phenotype or function to physiological or pathophysiological processes. Our review aims to describe some of the key technological aspects of biosensors being developed for cell analysis. The technological aspects covered in our review include biorecognition elements used for biosensor construction, methods for integrating cells with biosensors, approaches to single-cell analysis, and the use of nanostructured biosensors for cell analysis. Our hope is that the spectrum of possibilities for cell analysis described in this review may pique the interest of biomedical scientists and engineers and may spur new collaborations in the area of using biosensors for cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Kyungjin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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25
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Noach-Hirsh M, Nevenzal H, Glick Y, Chorni E, Avrahami D, Barbiro-Michaely E, Gerber D, Tzur A. Integrated Microfluidics for Protein Modification Discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2824-32. [PMID: 26276765 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications mediate dynamic cellular processes with broad implications in human disease pathogenesis. There is a large demand for high-throughput technologies supporting post-translational modifications research, and both mass spectrometry and protein arrays have been successfully utilized for this purpose. Protein arrays override the major limitation of target protein abundance inherently associated with MS analysis. This technology, however, is typically restricted to pre-purified proteins spotted in a fixed composition on chips with limited life-time and functionality. In addition, the chips are expensive and designed for a single use, making complex experiments cost-prohibitive. Combining microfluidics with in situ protein expression from a cDNA microarray addressed these limitations. Based on this approach, we introduce a modular integrated microfluidic platform for multiple post-translational modifications analysis of freshly synthesized protein arrays (IMPA). The system's potency, specificity and flexibility are demonstrated for tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination in quasicellular environments. Unlimited by design and protein composition, and relying on minute amounts of biological material and cost-effective technology, this unique approach is applicable for a broad range of basic, biomedical and biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Noach-Hirsh
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hadas Nevenzal
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yair Glick
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Evelin Chorni
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dorit Avrahami
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Efrat Barbiro-Michaely
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Doron Gerber
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Amit Tzur
- From the ‡The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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Yu ZTF, Guan H, Cheung MK, McHugh WM, Cornell TT, Shanley TP, Kurabayashi K, Fu J. Rapid, automated, parallel quantitative immunoassays using highly integrated microfluidics and AlphaLISA. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11339. [PMID: 26074253 PMCID: PMC4466892 DOI: 10.1038/srep11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays represent one of the most popular analytical methods for detection and quantification of biomolecules. However, conventional immunoassays such as ELISA and flow cytometry, even though providing high sensitivity and specificity and multiplexing capability, can be labor-intensive and prone to human error, making them unsuitable for standardized clinical diagnoses. Using a commercialized no-wash, homogeneous immunoassay technology ('AlphaLISA') in conjunction with integrated microfluidics, herein we developed a microfluidic immunoassay chip capable of rapid, automated, parallel immunoassays of microliter quantities of samples. Operation of the microfluidic immunoassay chip entailed rapid mixing and conjugation of AlphaLISA components with target analytes before quantitative imaging for analyte detections in up to eight samples simultaneously. Aspects such as fluid handling and operation, surface passivation, imaging uniformity, and detection sensitivity of the microfluidic immunoassay chip using AlphaLISA were investigated. The microfluidic immunoassay chip could detect one target analyte simultaneously for up to eight samples in 45 min with a limit of detection down to 10 pg mL(-1). The microfluidic immunoassay chip was further utilized for functional immunophenotyping to examine cytokine secretion from human immune cells stimulated ex vivo. Together, the microfluidic immunoassay chip provides a promising high-throughput, high-content platform for rapid, automated, parallel quantitative immunosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeta Tak For Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Huijiao Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mei Ki Cheung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Walker M McHugh
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Timothy T Cornell
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Thomas P Shanley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- 1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- 1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Garcia-Cordero JL, Maerkl SJ. Mechanically Induced Trapping of Molecular Interactions and Its Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:356-67. [PMID: 25805850 DOI: 10.1177/2211068215578586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Measuring binding affinities and association/dissociation rates of molecular interactions is important for a quantitative understanding of cellular mechanisms. Many low-throughput methods have been developed throughout the years to obtain these parameters. Acquiring data with higher accuracy and throughput is, however, necessary to characterize complex biological networks. Here, we provide an overview of a high-throughput microfluidic method based on mechanically induced trapping of molecular interactions (MITOMI). MITOMI can be used to obtain affinity constants and kinetic rates of hundreds of protein-ligand interactions in parallel. It has been used in dozens of studies to measure binding affinities of transcription factors, map protein interaction networks, identify pharmacological inhibitors, and perform high-throughput, low-cost molecular diagnostics. This article covers the technological aspects of MITOMI and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian J Maerkl
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Volpetti F, Garcia-Cordero J, Maerkl SJ. A microfluidic platform for high-throughput multiplexed protein quantitation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117744. [PMID: 25680117 PMCID: PMC4334502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-throughput microfluidic platform capable of quantitating up to 384 biomarkers in 4 distinct samples by immunoassay. The microfluidic device contains 384 unit cells, which can be individually programmed with pairs of capture and detection antibody. Samples are quantitated in each unit cell by four independent MITOMI detection areas, allowing four samples to be analyzed in parallel for a total of 1,536 assays per device. We show that the device can be pre-assembled and stored for weeks at elevated temperature and we performed proof-of-concept experiments simultaneously quantitating IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, PSA, and GFP. Finally, we show that the platform can be used to identify functional antibody combinations by screening 64 antibody combinations requiring up to 384 unique assays per device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Volpetti
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jose Garcia-Cordero
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian J. Maerkl
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Wang JC, Liu W, Tu Q, Ma C, Zhao L, Wang Y, Ouyang J, Pang L, Wang J. High throughput and multiplex localization of proteins and cells for in situ micropatterning using pneumatic microfluidics. Analyst 2015; 140:827-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01972e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a micropatterning method for protein/cell localization by using pneumatically controllable microstructures in an integrated microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chun Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences
| | - Wenming Liu
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Qin Tu
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Chao Ma
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yaolei Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Long Pang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
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30
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Li W, Xue J, Jiang X, Zhou Z, Ren K, Zhou J. Low-cost replication of plasmonic gold nanomushroom arrays for transmission-mode and multichannel biosensing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-cost, facile approach was developed for replication of plasmonic gold nanomushroom arrays, which performed in transmission mode and showed excellent refractive index sensitivity comparable to that of normal surface plasmon resonance sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jiancai Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zhangkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province
- School of Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Garcia-Cordero JL, Maerkl SJ. A 1024-sample serum analyzer chip for cancer diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2642-50. [PMID: 24345965 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a platform that combines microarrays and microfluidic techniques to measure four protein biomarkers in 1024 serum samples for a total of 4096 assays per device. Detection is based on a surface fluorescence sandwich immunoassay with a limit of detection of ~1 pM for most of the proteins measured: PSA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. To validate the utility of our platform, we measured these four biomarkers in 20 clinical human serum samples, 10 from prostate cancer patients and 10 female and male controls. We compared the results of our platform to a conventional ELISA and found a good correlation between them. However, compared to a classical ELISA, our device reduces the total cost of reagents by 4 orders of magnitude while increasing throughput by 2 orders of magnitude. Overall, we demonstrate an integrated approach to perform low-cost and rapid quantification of protein biomarkers from over one thousand serum samples. This new high-throughput technology will have a significant impact on disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Dias AD, Kingsley DM, Corr DT. Recent advances in bioprinting and applications for biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2014; 4:111-36. [PMID: 25587413 PMCID: PMC4264374 DOI: 10.3390/bios4020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Future biosensing applications will require high performance, including real-time monitoring of physiological events, incorporation of biosensors into feedback-based devices, detection of toxins, and advanced diagnostics. Such functionality will necessitate biosensors with increased sensitivity, specificity, and throughput, as well as the ability to simultaneously detect multiple analytes. While these demands have yet to be fully realized, recent advances in biofabrication may allow sensors to achieve the high spatial sensitivity required, and bring us closer to achieving devices with these capabilities. To this end, we review recent advances in biofabrication techniques that may enable cutting-edge biosensors. In particular, we focus on bioprinting techniques (e.g., microcontact printing, inkjet printing, and laser direct-write) that may prove pivotal to biosensor fabrication and scaling. Recent biosensors have employed these fabrication techniques with success, and further development may enable higher performance, including multiplexing multiple analytes or cell types within a single biosensor. We also review recent advances in 3D bioprinting, and explore their potential to create biosensors with live cells encapsulated in 3D microenvironments. Such advances in biofabrication will expand biosensor utility and availability, with impact realized in many interdisciplinary fields, as well as in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA; E-Mails: (A.D.D.); (D.M.K.)
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA; E-Mails: (A.D.D.); (D.M.K.)
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA; E-Mails: (A.D.D.); (D.M.K.)
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Chen Y, Li S, Gu Y, Li P, Ding X, Wang L, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Huang TJ. Continuous enrichment of low-abundance cell samples using standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW). LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:924-30. [PMID: 24413889 PMCID: PMC4688895 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51001h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell enrichment is a powerful tool in a variety of cellular studies, especially in applications with low-abundance cell types. In this work, we developed a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) based microfluidic device for non-contact, continuous cell enrichment. With a pair of parallel interdigital transducers (IDT) deposited on a piezoelectric substrate, a one-dimensional SSAW field was established along disposable micro-tubing channels, generating numerous pressure nodes (and thus numerous cell-enrichment regions). Our method is able to concentrate highly diluted blood cells by more than 100 fold with a recovery efficiency of up to 99%. Such highly effective cell enrichment was achieved without using sheath flow. The SSAW-based technique presented here is simple, bio-compatible, label-free, and sheath-flow-free. With these advantages, it could be valuable for many biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania, State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Yun JM, Ganesan R, Choi JH, Kim JB. Local pH-responsive diazoketo-functionalized photoresist for multicomponent protein patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10253-10259. [PMID: 24053579 DOI: 10.1021/am403053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Selective surface immobilization of multiple biomolecule components, under mild conditions where they do not denature, is attractive for applications in biosensors and biotechnology. Here, we report on a biocompatible and pH-responsive photoresist containing diazoketo-functionalized methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate monomers, where the photolithographic process may be carried out in a local pH range to minimize biomolecular denaturation. The polymer is insoluble or sparsely soluble in pH 6.4 or more acidic solution or deionized water, but soluble in a basic solution, pH 7.9 or more. After UV exposure, however, carboxylic acid groups are generated by Wolff rearrangement and photodissociation of the diazoketo groups in the polymer chain, leading to dissolution of UV-exposed polymer at pH 6.4. Using the property of the pH-solubility switching, we demonstrate dual streptavidin patterning using only biological buffers, pH 6.4 and 7.9 solutions, and double exposure patterning to confirm the sustainability of the diazoketo groups in unexposed regions despite carrying out several wet processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Moon Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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35
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Araz MK, Apori AA, Salisbury CM, Herr AE. Microfluidic barcode assay for antibody-based confirmatory diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3910-3920. [PMID: 23925585 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Confirmatory diagnostics offer high clinical sensitivity and specificity typically by assaying multiple disease biomarkers. Employed in clinical laboratory settings, such assays confirm a positive screening diagnostic result. These important multiplexed confirmatory assays require hours to complete. To address this performance gap, we introduce a simple 'single inlet, single outlet' microchannel architecture with multiplexed analyte detection capability. A streptavidin-functionalized, channel-filling polyacrylamide gel in a straight glass microchannel operates as a 3D scaffold for a purely electrophoretic yet heterogeneous immunoassay. Biotin and biotinylated capture reagents are patterned in discrete regions along the axis of the microchannel resulting in a barcode-like pattern of reagents and spacers. To characterize barcode fabrication, an empirical study of patterning behaviour was conducted across a range of electromigration and binding reaction timescales. We apply the heterogeneous barcode immunoassay to detection of human antibodies against hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus antigens. Serum was electrophoresed through the barcode patterned gel, allowing capture of antibody targets. We assess assay performance across a range of Damkohler numbers. Compared to clinical immunoblots that require 4-10 h long sample incubation steps with concomitant 8-20 h total assay durations; directed electromigration and reaction in the microfluidic barcode assay leads to a 10 min sample incubation step and a 30 min total assay duration. Further, the barcode assay reports clinically relevant sensitivity (25 ng ml(-1) in 2% human sera) comparable to standard HCV confirmatory diagnostics. Given the low voltage, low power and automated operation, we see the streamlined microfluidic barcode assay as a step towards rapid confirmatory diagnostics for a low-resource clinical laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kursad Araz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Hitzbleck M, Delamarche E. Reagents in microfluidics: an 'in' and 'out' challenge. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8494-516. [PMID: 23925517 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are excellent at downscaling chemical and biochemical reactions and thereby can make reactions faster, better and more efficient. It is therefore understandable that we are seeing these devices being developed and used for many applications and research areas. However, microfluidic devices are more complex than test tubes or microtitre plates and the integration of reagents into them is a real challenge. This review looks at state-of-the-art methods and strategies for integrating various classes of reagents inside microfluidics and similarly surveys how reagents can be released inside microfluidics. The number of methods used for integrating and releasing reagents is surprisingly large and involves reagents in dry and liquid forms, directly-integrated reagents or reagents linked to carriers, as well as active, passive and hybrid release methods. We also made a brief excursion into the field of drug release and delivery. With this review, we hope to provide a large number of examples of integrating and releasing reagents that can be used by developers and users of microfluidics for their specific needs.
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Zhang Y, Guo Y, Xianyu Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Jiang X. Nanomaterials for ultrasensitive protein detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3802-3819. [PMID: 23740753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The advances of nanomaterials have provided exciting technologies and novel materials for protein detection, based on the unique properties associated with nanoscale phenomena such as plasmon resonance, catalysis and energy transfer. This article reviews a series of nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanowires, and nanosheets, and evaluates their performances in the application for protein detection, focusing on approaches that realize ultrasensitive detection. Many of these nanomaterials were used to analyze clinically relevant protein biomarkers. Their detection in the picomolar, femtomolar or even zeptomolar regime has been realized, sometimes even with naked-eye readout. We summarize the detection methods and results according to materials and targets, review the current challenges, and discuss the solution in the context of technological integration such as combining nanomaterials with microfluidics, and classical analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
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Zhang Y, Qiao L, Ren Y, Wang X, Gao M, Tang Y, Jeff Xi J, Fu TM, Jiang X. Two dimensional barcode-inspired automatic analysis for arrayed microfluidic immunoassays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:34110. [PMID: 24404030 PMCID: PMC3695989 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The usability of many high-throughput lab-on-a-chip devices in point-of-care applications is currently limited by the manual data acquisition and analysis process, which are labor intensive and time consuming. Based on our original design in the biochemical reactions, we proposed here a universal approach to perform automatic, fast, and robust analysis for high-throughput array-based microfluidic immunoassays. Inspired by two-dimensional (2D) barcodes, we incorporated asymmetric function patterns into a microfluidic array. These function patterns provide quantitative information on the characteristic dimensions of the microfluidic array, as well as mark its orientation and origin of coordinates. We used a computer program to perform automatic analysis for a high-throughput antigen/antibody interaction experiment in 10 s, which was more than 500 times faster than conventional manual processing. Our method is broadly applicable to many other microchannel-based immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Engineering and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingbo Qiao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China ; Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunke Ren
- College of Engineering and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunfang Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianzhong Jeff Xi
- College of Engineering and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- College of Engineering and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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Kim SJ, Paczesny S, Takayama S, Kurabayashi K. Preprogrammed capillarity to passively control system-level sequential and parallel microfluidic flows. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2091-8. [PMID: 23598742 PMCID: PMC3664099 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In microfluidics, capillarity-driven solution flow is often beneficial, owing to its inherently spontaneous motion. However, it is commonly perceived that, in an integrated microfluidic system, the passive capillarity control alone can hardly achieve well-controlled sequential and parallel flow of multiple solutions. Despite this common notion, we hereby demonstrate system-level sequential and parallel microfluidic flow processing by fully passive capillarity-driven control. After manual loading of solutions with a pipette, a network of microfluidic channels passively regulates the flow timing of the multiple solution menisci in a sequential and synchronous manner. Also, use of auxiliary channels and preprogramming of inlet-well meniscus pressure and channel fluidic conductance allow for controlling the flow direction of multiple solutions in our microfluidic system. With those components orchestrated in a single device chip, we show preprogrammed flow control of 10 solutions. The demonstrated system-level flow control proves capillarity as a useful means even for sophisticated microfluidic processing without any actively controlled valves and pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Nano-Bio and Chemical Engineering WCU Project, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 1-734-647-3170; Tel: 1-734-615-5211;
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Chen A, Vu T, Stybayeva G, Pan T, Revzin A. Reconfigurable microfluidics combined with antibody microarrays for enhanced detection of T-cell secreted cytokines. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:24105. [PMID: 24404010 PMCID: PMC3612111 DOI: 10.1063/1.4795423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are small proteins secreted by leukocytes in blood in response to infections, thus offering valuable diagnostic information. Given that the same cytokines may be produced by different leukocyte subsets in blood, it is beneficial to connect production of cytokines to specific cell types. In this paper, we describe integration of antibody (Ab) microarrays into a microfluidic device to enable enhanced cytokine detection. The Ab arrays contain spots specific to cell-surface antigens as well as anti-cytokine detection spots. Infusion of blood into a microfluidic device results in the capture of specific leukocytes (CD4 T-cells) and is followed by detection of secreted cytokines on the neighboring Ab spots using sandwich immunoassay. The enhancement of cytokine signal comes from leveraging the concept of reconfigurable microfluidics. A three layer polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic device is fabricated so as to contain six microchambers (1 mm × 1 mm × 30 μm) in the ceiling of the device. Once the T-cell capture is complete, the device is reconfigured by withdrawing liquid from the channel, causing the chambers to collapse onto Ab arrays and enclose cell/anti-cytokine spots within a 30 nl volume. In a set of proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate that ∼90% pure CD4 T-cells can be captured inside the device and that signals for three important T-cell secreted cytokines, tissue necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-2, may be enhanced by 2 to 3 folds through the use of reconfigurable microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Tam Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Garcia-Cordero JL, Maerkl SJ. Multiplexed surface micropatterning of proteins with a pressure-modulated microfluidic button-membrane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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