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Yao M, Zhao L, Fan C, Han X, Wu Z, Sun H, Wang G, Xiao R. Room temperature high-efficiency welding of an ultra-long silver nanowire network for flexible transparent electrodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8884-8887. [PMID: 39083245 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In the preparation of flexible electronic devices, obtaining a transparent conductive electrode with high electrical conductivity, high transparency, and mechanical flexibility is a significant challenge. This study developed a simple method for preparing ultra-long silver nanowires (ul-AgNWs), obtaining high-purity ul-AgNWs with an average length of 317.66 ± 98.60 μm, an average diameter of 78.06 ± 13.87 nm, and an aspect ratio exceeding 4000. Integrating these ul-AgNWs with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a flexible transparent electrode (FTE) with Rs = 561 Ω and T = 97% was obtained. The ul-AgNWs were welded by driving the welding liquid to the intersection points through surface tension, resulting in a decrease of Rs to 61 Ω, T = 98.2%, and achieving a FTE with excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, this FTE was applied in the preparation of OLED devices, showing a turn-on voltage of 2.7 V, and the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency reached 58.6 mA cm-2 and 64.7 lm W-1, respectively, demonstrating its significant potential in flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chunyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xingbo Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhongbin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Henan 450052, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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2
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Liao Y, Zhao G, Ling Y, Yan Z, Yu Q. Trimethylsilane Plasma-Nanocoated Silver Nanowires for Improved Stability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3635. [PMID: 39124299 PMCID: PMC11313449 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings in protecting silver nanowires (AgNWs) from degradation and thus to improve their stability. TMS plasma nanocoatings at various thicknesses were deposited onto AgNWs that were prepared on three different substrates, including glass, porous styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS), and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). The experimental results showed that the application of TMS plasma nanocoatings to AgNWs induced little increase, up to ~25%, in their electrical resistance but effectively protected them from degradation. Over a two-month storage period in summer (20-22 °C, 55-70% RH), the resistance of the coated AgNWs on SEBS increased by only ~90%, compared to a substantial increase of ~700% for the uncoated AgNWs. On glass, the resistance of the coated AgNWs increased by ~30%, versus ~190% for the uncoated ones. When stored in a 37 °C phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution for 2 months, the resistance of the coated AgNWs on glass increased by ~130%, while the uncoated AgNWs saw a ~970% rise. Increasing the TMS plasma nanocoating thickness further improved the conductivity stability of the AgNWs. The nanocoatings also transformed the AgNWs' surfaces from hydrophilic to hydrophobic without significantly affecting their optical transparency. These findings demonstrate the potential of TMS plasma nanocoatings in protecting AgNWs from environmental and aqueous degradation, preserving their electrical conductivity and suitability for use in transparent electrodes and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Ganggang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Qingsong Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Lee H, Cho DH, Lim C, Kim W, Jang YH, Baek SW, Ju BK, Lee P, Yu H. Pressurized Back-Junction Doping via Spray-Coating Silver Nanowires Top Electrodes for Efficient Charge Collection in Bifacial Colloidal PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7130-7140. [PMID: 38315977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal PbS quantum-dot solar cells (QDSCs) have long suffered from inefficient charge collection near the back-junction due to the lack of p-doping strategy, rendering their bifacial photovoltaic applications unsuccessful. Here, we report highly efficient photocarrier collection in bifacial colloidal PbS QDSCs by exploiting spray-coated silver nanowires (AgNWs) top electrodes. During our spray-coating process, pressurized Ag diffusion occurred toward the active layer, which induced effective p-doping and deep-level passivation. By manipulating the spray pressure, optimum AgNWs' stacking morphology enabling an appropriate level of Ag diffusion could be achieved, leading to Jsc over 30 mA/cm2 from the conventional n-i-p structure upon light illumination to the film side. The morphological and electrical behaviors of AgNWs according to the spray pressure are comprehensively explained in relation to the device performance. Finally, 50 bifacial cells were fabricated over 49 cm2 sized glass substrate, demonstrating the large-area processability and functionality of the spray-coated AgNWs with the effective back-junction engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Cho
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Lim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Jang
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Woong Baek
- ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Byeong Kwon Ju
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Lee
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST School, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonggeun Yu
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST School, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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4
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Elsokary A, Soliman M, Abulfotuh F, Ebrahim S, Sadat-Shafai T, Karim M. Fabrication of composite transparent conductive electrodes based on silver nanowires. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3045. [PMID: 38321055 PMCID: PMC10847120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Composite transparent conductive electrodes (C-TCEs) have recently been produced using low-cost techniques to keep up with the boom in the fabrication and development of optoelectronic devices. In this article, silver nanowires (AgNWs) were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method using different molecular weights MWs of poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using the modified Hummers' method and a reduction step was held on GO films to produce reduced GO (rGO). C-TCEs were fabricated by over-coating the AgNWs electrodes with rGO, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate to improve the roughness, surface energy, and sheet resistance. The influence of using lower and higher MWs of PVP on the yield, shape, and size of AgNWs was investigated. The results showed that using lower MW of PVP had a great effect on the yield, morphology, and aspect ratio of AgNWs with diameter of 46 nm and average length 12 µm. The optical, morphological, topographical, and electrical properties of TCEs were studied. AgNWs/rGO composite electrode provided the lowest surface roughness and surface energy of 250 nm and 47.95 mN/m, respectively, with a relatively high transparency of 78.2% at 550 nm light wavelength, and a low sheet resistance of 27 Ω/□.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elsokary
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21526, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Moataz Soliman
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21526, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fuad Abulfotuh
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21526, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaker Ebrahim
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21526, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Torfeh Sadat-Shafai
- Department of Engineering, School of Digital, Technologies and Arts, Staffordshire University, Manchester, UK
| | - Marwa Karim
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram Bek, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gholami M, Tajabadi F, Taghavinia N, Moshfegh A. Chemically-stable flexible transparent electrode: gold-electrodeposited on embedded silver nanowires. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17511. [PMID: 37845253 PMCID: PMC10579339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a low diameter, high aspect ratio, stable suspension, and easy synthesis have recently attracted the optoelectronic industry as a low-cost alternative to indium tin oxide transparent conductive films. However, silver nanowires are not chemically stable, and their conductivity diminishes over time due to reactions with atmospheric components. This is a bottleneck for their wide industrial applications. In this study, we aim to address this issue by synthesizing silver nanowires with an average diameter of approximately 65 nm and a length of approximately 13 µm. The prepared Ag nanowires are then applied to fabricate transparent, flexible, and chemically stable conductive films. The fabrication includes spraying of silver nanowires suspension on a glass substrate followed by Dr. blade coating of polystyrene (PS) solution and delamination of the PS-AgNWs film. The resulting film exhibits an optimum sheet resistance of 24 Ω/□ and transmittance of 84%. To further enhance the stability of the transparent conductive film, the facial and scalable double pulse electrodeposition method is used for coating of gold on the exposed surface of the AgNWs embedded in PS. The final transparent film with gold coating demonstrates a remarkable stability under harsh conditions including long exposure to UV light and nitric acid solution. After 100 min of UV/Ozone treatment, the increase in sheet resistance of the optimal PS-AgNW@Au sample is 15.6 times lower than the samples without gold coating. In addition, the change in sheet resistance after 2000 bending cycles in the optimal PS-AgNW@Au electrode is measured and it showed an increase of only 22% of its initial sheet resistance indicating its good flexibility. The proposed electrode performs an excellent chemical stability, good conductivity, transparency, and flexibility that makes it a potential candidate for various optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Gholami
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Fariba Tajabadi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, PO Box 31787-316, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nima Taghavinia
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9161, Iran.
- Nano Center-Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-8969, Iran.
| | - Alireza Moshfegh
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9161, Iran.
- Nano Center-Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-8969, Iran.
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Lin C, Ma W, Zhang Y, Law MK, Li CY, Li Y, Chen Z, Li K, Li M, Zheng J, Fu Y, Yan X, Chi C, Yang J, Li W, Yao S, Huang B. A Highly Transparent Photo-Electro-Thermal Film with Broadband Selectivity for All-Day Anti-/De-Icing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301723. [PMID: 37282788 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A photo- and electro-thermal film can convert sunlight and electricity into heat to solve icing problems. Combination of them provides an efficient strategy for all-day anti-/de-icing. However, only opaque surfaces have been reported, due to the mutual exclusiveness between photon absorption and transmission. Herein, a highly transparent and scalable solution-processed photo-electro-thermal film is reported, which exhibits an ultra-broadband selective spectrum to separate the visible light from sunlight and a countertrend suppress of emission in longer wavelength. It absorbs ≈ 85% of invisible sunlight (ultraviolet and near-infrared) for light-heat conversion, meanwhile maintains luminous transmittance > 70%. The reflection of mid-infrared leads to low emissivity (0.41), which further preserves heat on the surface for anti-/de-icing purpose. This ultra-broadband selectivity enables temperature elevation > 40 °C under 1-sun illumination and the mutual support between photo-thermal and electro-thermal effects contributes to > 50% saving of electrical consumption under weak solar exposure (0.4-sun) for maintaining unfrozen surfaces at -35 °C environment. The reverberation from photo-electro-thermal and super-hydrophobic effects illustrates a lubricating removal of grown ice in short time (< 120 s). The self-cleaning ability and the durability under mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal stresses render the film stable for long-term usage in all-day anti-/de-icing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yinglun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Man-Kwan Law
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Cruz Y Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zengshun Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jiongzhi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yunfei Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen, Futian, 518055, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
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Qiu J, Yu X, Wu X, Wu Z, Song Y, Zheng Q, Shan G, Ye H, Du M. An Efficiently Doped PEDOT:PSS Ink Formulation via Metastable Liquid-Liquid Contact for Capillary Flow-Driven, Hierarchically and Highly Conductive Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205324. [PMID: 36634985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With commercial electronics transitioning toward flexible devices, there is a growing demand for high-performance polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Previous breakthroughs in promoting the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, which mainly stem from solvent-treatment and transfer-printing strategies, remain as inevitable challenges due to the inefficient, unstable, and biologically incompatible process. Herein, a scalable fabrication of conducting PEDOT:PSS inks is reported via a metastable liquid-liquid contact (MLLC) method, realizing phase separation and removal of excess PSS simultaneously. MLLC-doped inks are further used to prepare ring-like films through a compromise between the coffee-ring effect and the Marangoni vortex during evaporation of droplets. The specific control over deposition conditions allows for tunable ring-like morphologies and preferentially interconnected networks of PEDOT:PSS nanofibrils, resulting in a high electrical conductivity of 6,616 S cm-1 and excellent optical transparency of the film. The combination of excellent electrical properties and the special morphology enables it to serve as electrodes for touch sensors with gradient pressure sensitivity. These findings not only provide new insight into developing a simple and efficient doping method for commercial PEDOT:PSS ink, but also offer a promising self-assembled deposition pattern of organic semiconductor films, expanding the applications in flexible electronics, bioelectronics as well as photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ziliang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Miao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
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Yoon H, Matteini P, Hwang B. Effect of the Blade-Coating Conditions on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Transparent Ag Nanowire Electrodes. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:114. [PMID: 36677175 PMCID: PMC9862827 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the coating conditions for a doctor blading system is important when seeking to improve the performance of Ag nanowire electrodes. In this study, the effect of the blading height and speed on the optical and electrical properties of Ag nanowire electrodes was investigated. Ag nanowires were first spread on a PET substrate using a doctor blade with differing heights at a fixed blading speed. An increase in the blading height resulted in the degradation of the optical transmittance and stronger haze due to the higher probability of Ag nanowire agglomeration arising from the greater wet thickness. When the blading speed was varied, the optical transmittance and haze were unaffected up until 20 mm/s, followed by minor degradation of the optical properties at blading speeds over 25 mm/s. The higher speeds hindered the spread of the Ag nanowire solution, which also increased the probability of Ag nanowire agglomeration. However, this degradation was less serious compared to that observed with a change in the blading height. Therefore, optimizing the blading height was confirmed to be the priority for the production of high-performance transparent Ag nanowire electrodes. Our study thus provides practical guidance for the fabrication of Ag nanowire electrodes using doctor blading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsub Yoon
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Byungil Hwang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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9
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Jeong H, Lee JH, Song JY, Ghani F, Lee D. Continuous Patterning of Silver Nanowire-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Transparent Conductive Film by a Roll-to-Roll Selective Calendering Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:32. [PMID: 36615941 PMCID: PMC9823613 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous patterning of silver nanowire-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag NW-PVP) composite transparent conductive film (cTCF) is demonstrated in this work by means of slot-die coating followed by selective calendering. The Ag NWs were synthesized by the polyol method, and adequately washed to leave an appropriate amount of PVP to act as a capping agent and dispersant. The as-coated Ag NW-PVP composite film had low electronic conductivity due to the lack of percolation path, which was greatly improved by the calendering process. Moreover, the dispersion of Ag NWs was analyzed with addition of PVP in terms of density and molecular weight. The excellent dispersion led to uniform distribution of Ag NWs in a cTCF. The continuous patterning was conducted using an embossed pattern roll to perform selective calendering. To evaluate the capability of the calendering process, various line widths and spacing patterns were investigated. The minimum pattern dimensions achievable were determined to be a line width of 0.1 mm and a line spacing of 1 mm. Finally, continuous patterning using selective calendering was applied to the fabrication of a flexible heater and a resistive touch sensing panel as flexible electronic devices to demonstrate its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakyung Jeong
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Lee
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeob Song
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Faizan Ghani
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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10
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Weng J, Xu M, Wang X, Wang F, Shen J, Zhang B. Self-powered, ultraviolet-to-near infrared broadband photodetector based on Ag-doped CsPbI 3/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:37261-37271. [PMID: 36258317 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are studied for photodetection applications because of their outstanding optical and electrical properties. A self-powered ultraviolet-to-near infrared broadband photodetector based on a Ag-doped CsPbI3/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction was investigated. The photodetector using a CsPbI3:Ag/PEDOT:PSS heterostructure with a planar photoconductive structure operated over a broad 355-1560 nm wavelength range in self-powered mode. A terahertz signal was modulated with the CsPbI3:Ag/PEDOT:PSS structure at low optical excitation intensity to investigate its photodetection mechanism. The experimentally designed detector can present images of the letters "C", "N" and "U" in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths, indicating a potential broadband imaging application.
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11
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Froyen AA, Grossiord N, de Heer J, Meerman T, Yang L, Lub J, Schenning APHJ. Ink-Deposited Transparent Electrochromic Structural Colored Foils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39375-39383. [PMID: 35984641 PMCID: PMC9437895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in the field of electrochromic devices, developing structural color-tunable photonic systems having both high transparency and flexibility remains challenging. Here, an ink-deposited transparent electrochromic structural colored foil displaying reflective colors, tuned by an integrated heater, is prepared in a single-substrate method. Efficient and homogeneous heating is induced by a gravure printed silver nanowire-based substrate, delivering an electrothermal response upon applying an electrical potential. On top of this flexible, transparent heater, a cholesteric liquid crystal ink is bar-coated and subsequently photopolymerized, yielding a structural colored film that exhibits temperature-responsive color changes. The transparent electrochromic foils appear colorless at room temperature but demonstrate structural color tuning with high optical quality when modifying the electrical potential. Both optical and electrothermal performances were preserved when deforming the foils. Applying the conductive and structural colored inks via the easy processable, continuous methods of gravure printing and bar-coating highlights the potential for scaling up to large-scale stimuli-responsive, transparent optical foils. These transparent structural colored foils can be potentially used for a wide range of photonic devices including smart windows, displays, and sensors and can be directly installed on top of curved, flexible surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne A.
F. Froyen
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Grossiord
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Jos de Heer
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Toob Meerman
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Johan Lub
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM),
South China Normal University, Guangzhou
Higher Education Mega Center, 510006 Guangzhou, China
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12
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Lin YT, Huang DW, Huang PF, Chang LC, Lai YT, Tai NH. A Green Approach for High Oxidation Resistance, Flexible Transparent Conductive Films Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Copper Nanowires. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:79. [PMID: 36001189 PMCID: PMC9402884 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs)-based thin film is one of the potential alternatives to tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) in terms of transparent conductive films (TCFs). However, the severe problem of atmospheric oxidation restricts their practical applications. In this work, we develop a simple approach to fabricate highly stable TCFs through the dip-coating method using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and CuNWs as the primary materials. Compared with previous works using toxic reduction agents, herein, the CuNWs are synthesized via a green aqueous process using glucose and lactic acid as the reductants, and rGO is prepared through the modified Hummers' method followed by a hydrogen-annealing process to form hydrogen-annealing-reduced graphene oxide (h-rGO). In the rGO/CuNWs films, the dip-coated graphene oxide layer can increase the adhesion of the CuNWs on the substrate, and the fabricated h-rGO/CuNWs can exhibit high atmospheric oxidation resistance and excellent flexibility. The sheet resistance of the h-rGO/CuNWs film only increased from 25.1 to 42.2 Ω/sq after exposure to ambient atmosphere for 30 days and remained almost unchanged after the dynamic bending test for 2500 cycles at a constant radius of 5.3 mm. The h-rGO/CuNWs TCF can be not only fabricated via a route with a superior inexpensive and safe method but also possessed competitive optoelectronic properties with high electrical stability and flexibility, demonstrating great opportunities for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Feng Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Biochemical Technology R&D Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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13
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Shankar U, Oberoi D, Bandyopadhyay A. A review on the alternative of indium tin oxide coated glass substrate in flexible and bendable organic optoelectronic device. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Shankar
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
- Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju South Korea
| | - Deepa Oberoi
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Anasuya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
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14
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Kwon YB, Kim JH, Kim YK. Efficient Protection of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes by All-Biorenewable Layer-by-Layer Assembled Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25993-26003. [PMID: 35623018 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protection strategy for silver nanowire-based transparent electrodes (AgNW TEs) is developed to enhance their poor adhesion force on substrates and thermal, optical, chemical, and electrical stabilities. Chitin nanofibers (CNFs) and alkali lignin (AL), which possess high mechanical property, a gas/moisture barrier, and UV absorption properties, are successively assembled on AgNW TEs through layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly based on their oppositely charged surfaces. The formation of LBL-assembled CNFs and AL (CNF/AL)10 bilayers, where 10 is the optimized number of bilayers, on the aldehyde-modified AgNW (Al-AgNW) TEs does not deteriorate their electrical conductivity (17.3 ± 2.1 Ω/□) and transmittance (90.1 ± 0.3% at 550 nm), and the (CNF/AL)10 bilayer-coated Al-AgNW [(CNF/AL)10@Al-AgNW] TEs present considerable enhancement in their adhesion force and thermal, optical, chemical, and electrical durability. In detail, their optoelectrical properties are stable over 200 cycles of the scotch peel-off test, for 10 h sonication, up to 350 °C, under UV/O3 treatment for 100 min, in 10% HCl and 28% NH3 for 6 and 12 h, and at an electrical potential up to 14 V, respectively. These features make (CNF/AL)10@Al-AgNW TEs suitable as a durable high-performance transparent heater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University─Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University─Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
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15
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Flexible and Transparent Electrode Based on Ag-Nanowire Embedded Colorless Poly(amide-imide). NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091457. [PMID: 35564166 PMCID: PMC9103739 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide-cysteamine-silver nanoparticle (GCA)/silver nanowire (AgNW)/GCA/colorless poly(amide-imide) (cPAI) structures based on cPAI substrates with polyimide and polyamide syntheses were fabricated to study their characteristics. A layer of electrodes was constructed using a sandwich structure-such as GCA/AgNW/GCA-with cPAI used as a substrate to increase the heat resistance and improve their mechanical properties. Furthermore, to overcome the disadvantages of AgNWs-such as their high surface roughness and weak adhesion between the substrate and electrode layers-electrodes with embedded structures were fabricated using a peel-off process. Through bending, tapping, and durability tests, it was confirmed that these multilayer electrodes exhibited better mechanical durability than conventional AgNW electrodes. Resistive random-access memory based on GCA/AgNW/GCA/cPAI electrodes was fabricated, and its applicability to nonvolatile memory was confirmed. The memory device had an ON/OFF current ratio of ~104@0.5 V, exhibiting write-once-read-many time characteristics, maintaining these memory characteristics for up to 300 sweep cycles. These findings suggest that GCA/AgNW/GCA/cPAI electrodes could be used as flexible and transparent electrodes for next-generation flexible nonvolatile memories.
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16
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Wang L, Wu L, Wang Y, Luo J, Xue H, Gao J. Drop casting based superhydrophobic and electrically conductive coating for high performance strain sensing. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Wang X, Weng J, Xu M, Li X, Yang T, Hou Y, Shen J, Zhang B. Morphology engineering of a hybrid perovskite for active terahertz memory modulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2626-2635. [PMID: 35209398 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphology engineering was investigated for hybrid perovskites CH3NH3PbI3:Ag/Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) that were fabricated in both air and nitrogen environments for active terahertz (THz) memory modulation. Under low optical excitation or an applied bias, THz amplitude modulation or rapid restore in both CH3NH3PbI3:Ag/PEDOT:PSS hybrid structures were demonstrated. The recovery time of the modulated THz wave in the sample fabricated in air was considerably longer than that of the sample fabricated in nitrogen because of defect states induced by a high degree of roughness. THz transmissions were used as coded pixel units and were programmed to store a 4×4 image or a multi-order signal. Hence, active THz memory modulation was demonstrated. It also has potential applications as a visible to near-infrared broad-spectrum light detector.
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18
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Kim J, Lee Y, Kang M, Hu L, Zhao S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials for Skin-Mountable Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005858. [PMID: 33998064 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable devices that can directly measure various biosignals and external stimuli and communicate the information to the users have been actively studied owing to increasing demand for wearable electronics and newer healthcare systems. Research on skin-mountable devices is mainly focused on those materials and mechanical design aspects that satisfy the device fabrication requirements on unusual substrates like skin and also for achieving good sensing capabilities and stable device operation in high-strain conditions. 2D materials that are atomically thin and possess unique electrical and optical properties offer several important features that can address the challenging needs in wearable, skin-mountable electronic devices. Herein, recent research progress on skin-mountable devices based on 2D materials that exhibit a variety of device functions including information input and output and in vitro and in vivo healthcare and diagnosis is reviewed. The challenges, potential solutions, and perspectives on trends for future work are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejung Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minpyo Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Luhing Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Songfang Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yang Y, Xu B, Hou J. Solution‐Processed
Silver Nanowire as Flexible Transparent Electrodes in Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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20
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Moreira IP, Sanivada UK, Bessa J, Cunha F, Fangueiro R. A Review of Multiple Scale Fibrous and Composite Systems for Heating Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123686. [PMID: 34208738 PMCID: PMC8234445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of heating systems have been developed lately, representing a growing interest in both the academic and industrial sectors. Based on the Joule effect, fibrous structures can produce heat once an electrical current is passed, whereby different approaches have been followed. For that purpose, materials with electrical and thermal conductivity have been explored, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, intrinsically conducting polymers, fibers or hybrids. We review the usage of these emerging nanomaterials at the nanoscale and processed up to the macroscale to create heaters. In addition to fibrous systems, the creation of composite systems for electrical and thermal conductivity enhancement has also been highly studied. Different techniques can be used to create thin film heaters or heating textiles, as opposed to the conventional textile technologies. The combination of nanoscale and microscale materials gives the best heating performances, and some applications have already been proven, even though some effort is still needed to reach the industry level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Pimentel Moreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - João Bessa
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Fernando Cunha
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (R.F.)
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21
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Costa EL, Soares FB, Lourenço SA, Muniz EC, Cava CE. Design experiment (parameters) applied to PEDOT: PSS/AgNW composite doped with EG for transparent conductive films. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Li X, Zhou J, Yan D, Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Wang K. Effects of Concentration and Spin Speed on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092219. [PMID: 33925839 PMCID: PMC8123474 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a diameter of 40 nm and a length of 45 μm were dispersed into an ethanol solution to prepare AgNW solutions with concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. The AgNW solutions were then deposited on a glass substrate using spin-coating at 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm for 45 s, respectively, to prepare transparent electrodes. The results showed that the distribution of AgNWs on the substrate increased in density with the increase in the AgNW solution concentration and the decrease in spin speed. The effect of concentration on the distribution of AgNWs was greater than that of the spin speed. The transmittance of each electrode was between 84.19% and 88.12% at 550 nm, the average sheet resistance was between 20.09 and 358.11 Ω/sq, the highest figure of merit (FoM) was 104.42, and the lowest haze value was 1.48%. The electrode prepared at 1000 rpm with a concentration of 2 mg/mL and that prepared at 3000 rpm with a concentration of 3 mg/mL were very similar in terms of the average sheet resistance, transmittance at 550 nm, FoM, and haze value; thus, these two electrodes could be considered equivalent. The haze value of the electrode was positively correlated with the spin speed at low concentration, but that relationship became inverse as the concentration rose. For the AgNWs used in this experiment with an aspect ratio of 1125, the concentration of the AgNW solution should reach at least 2 mg/mL to ensure that the FoM of the electrode is greater than 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-182-6002-2588 (X.L.); +86-138-6182-3291 (Y.P.)
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Dejun Yan
- China State Shipbuilding Corporation Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangzhou 510715, China; (D.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-182-6002-2588 (X.L.); +86-138-6182-3291 (Y.P.)
| | - Yong Wang
- China State Shipbuilding Corporation Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangzhou 510715, China; (D.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Kehong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (K.W.)
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23
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Kumar A, Shaikh MO, Chuang CH. Silver Nanowire Synthesis and Strategies for Fabricating Transparent Conducting Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:693. [PMID: 33802059 PMCID: PMC8000035 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional metal nanowires, with novel functionalities like electrical conductivity, optical transparency and high mechanical stiffness, have attracted widespread interest for use in applications such as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices and active components in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. In particular, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been widely researched owing to the superlative thermal and electrical conductivity of bulk silver. Herein, we present a detailed review of the synthesis of AgNWs and their utilization in fabricating improved transparent conducting electrodes (TCE). We discuss a range of AgNW synthesis protocols, including template assisted and wet chemical techniques, and their ability to control the morphology of the synthesized nanowires. Furthermore, the use of scalable and cost-effective solution deposition methods to fabricate AgNW based TCE, along with the numerous treatments used for enhancing their optoelectronic properties, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Engineering Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
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24
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Wang W, Yang Z, Gu Y, Wu Z, Wang G, Chen G, Huang M, Xu C, Ye C, Zhang W, Nai J, Peng Y, Pan J, Ye C. Enhanced stability of silver nanowire transparent conductive films against ultraviolet light illumination. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:055603. [PMID: 33059342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc1a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires are susceptible to degradation under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. Encapsulating silver nanowire transparent conductive films (AgNW TCFs) with UV shielding materials usually result in the increasing of the sheet resistance or the decrease of the visible light transparency. Herein, we combine a reducing species (FeSO4) and a thin layer (overcoating) of UV shielding material to solve the stability and the optical performance issues simultaneously. The AgNW TCFs show excellent stability under continuous UV light illumination for 14 h, and their sheet resistance varies only 6%. The dramatic enhancement of the stability against UV light illumination for as-obtained TCFs will make them viable for real-world applications in touch panels and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guinan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchu Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Nai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhu ZR, Geng W, Zhu Q, Ethiraj AS, Wang T, Jing LC, Ning YJ, Tian Y, Geng WH, Wu L, Geng HZ. Highly transparent, low sheet resistance and stable Tannic acid modified-SWCNT/AgNW double-layer conductive network for organic light emitting diodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:015708. [PMID: 32937609 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we used tannic acid (TA) functionalized carbon nanotubes (TCNTs), and silver nanowires (AgNWs) to construct a new type of transparent conductive film (TCF) with a double-layered conductive network structure. The hybrid film exhibits excellent light transmittance, high electrical conductivity, ultra-flexibility, and strong adhesion. These outstanding performances benefit from the filling and adhesion of hydrophilic TCNT layers to the AgNW networks. Besides, we introduced the post-treatment process of mechanical pressing and covering polymer conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS, which obtained three layers of TCNT/AgNW/PEDOT hybrid film and greatly improved the comprehensive properties. The hybrid film can reach a sheet resistance of 9.2 Ω sq-1 with a transmittance of 83.4% at 550 nm wavelength, and a low root mean square (RMS) roughness (approximately 3.8 nm). After 10 000 bends and tape testing, the conductivity and transmittance of the hybrid film remain stable. The resistance of the film has no significant degradation after 14 d of exposure to high temperature of 85 °C and humidity of 85%, indicating excellent stability. The organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with TCNT/AgNW/PEDOT hybrid film as anode exhibit high current density and luminosity, confirming this process has considerable potential application in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ru Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Geng
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300382, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Geng
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300382, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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26
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Park S, Yoon J, Kim S, Song P. Hydrogen-driven dramatically improved mechanical properties of amorphized ITO–Ag–ITO thin films. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3439-3444. [PMID: 35424320 PMCID: PMC8693995 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An oxide/metal/oxide (OMO) multi-structure, which has good electrical, optical, and mechanical stability, was studied as a potential replacement of polycrystalline In–Sn–O (ITO). However, the degradation of mechanical properties caused by the polycrystalline structure of the top layer forming on the polycrystalline metal layer needs to be improved. To address this issue, we introduced hydrogen in the oxide layers to form a stabilized amorphous oxide structure despite it being deposited on the polycrystalline layer. An ITO/Ag/ITO (IAI) structure was used in this work, and we confirmed that the correct amount of hydrogen introduction can improve mechanical stability without any deterioration in optical and electrical properties. The hydrogen presence in the IAI as intended was confirmed, and the assumption was that the hydrogen suppressed the formation of microcracks on the ITO surface due to low residual stress that came from decreased subgap level defects. This assumption was clearly confirmed with the electrical properties before and after dynamic bending testing. The results imply that we can adjust not only IAI structures with high mechanical stability due to the right amount of hydrogen introduction to make stabilized amorphous oxide but also almost all oxide/metal/oxide structures that contain unintended polycrystalline structures. An oxide/metal/oxide (OMO) multi-structure, which has good electrical, optical, and mechanical stability, was studied as a potential replacement of polycrystalline In–Sn–O (ITO).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
| | - Janghee Yoon
- Busan Center
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Busan 46742
- Korea
| | - Seohan Kim
- Materials Technology Research Institute
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
- Department of Engineering Science
| | - Pungkeun Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Korea
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27
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Jang J, Choi JY, Jeon J, Lee J, Im J, Lee J, Jin SW, Park HJ, Lee SH, Kim DB, Chung CM, Cho S. Flexible Transparent Electrode Characteristics of Graphene Oxide/Cysteamine/AgNP/AgNW Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122352. [PMID: 33260819 PMCID: PMC7760301 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-cysteamine-Ag nanoparticles (GCA)-silver nanowire (AgNW) fabricated by depositing GCA over sprayed AgNWs on PET films were proposed for transparent and flexible electrodes, and their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, current-voltage measurements, and bending test. GCA-AgNW electrodes show optical transmittance of >80% at 550 nm and exhibit a high figure-of-merit value of up to 116.13 in the samples with sheet resistances of 20-40 Ω/◻. It was observed that the detrimental oxidation of bare AgNWs over time was considerably decreased, and the mechanical robustness was improved. To apply the layer as an actual electrode in working devices, a Pt/GO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate/GCA-AgNW/polyethylene terephthalate structure was fabricated, and resistive switching memory was demonstrated. On the basis of these results, we confirm that the proposed GCA-AgNW layer can be used as transparent and flexible electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Jang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Jihyun Jeon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeongjun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehyuk Im
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaegun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Seung-Won Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Hyeong-Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Dam-Bi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Chan-Moon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-033-760-2266 (C.-M.C.); +82-033-760-2868 (S.C.)
| | - Soohaeng Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-033-760-2266 (C.-M.C.); +82-033-760-2868 (S.C.)
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28
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Pinho AC, Piedade AP. Polymeric Coatings with Antimicrobial Activity: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112469. [PMID: 33114426 PMCID: PMC7692441 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The actual situation of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and pandemics caused by a virus makes research in the area of antimicrobial and antiviral materials and surfaces more urgent than ever. Several strategies can be pursued to attain such properties using different classes of materials. This review focuses on polymeric materials that are applied as coatings onto pre-existing components/parts mainly to inhibit microbial activity, but polymer surfaces with biocidal properties can be reported. Among the several approaches that can be done when addressing polymeric coatings, this review will be divided in two: antimicrobial activities due to the topographic cues, and one based on the chemistry of the surface. Some future perspectives on this topic will be given together with the conclusions of the literature survey.
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29
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Polat Genlik S, Tigan D, Kocak Y, Ercan KE, Cicek MO, Tunca S, Koylan S, Coskun S, Ozensoy E, Unalan HE. All-Solution-Processed, Oxidation-Resistant Copper Nanowire Networks for Optoelectronic Applications with Year-Long Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45136-45144. [PMID: 32896125 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) hold promise as they possess equivalent intrinsic electrical conductivity and optical transparency to silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and cost substantially less. However, poor resistance to oxidation is the historical challenge that has prevented the large-scale industrial utilization of Cu NWs. Here, we use benzotriazole (BTA), an organic corrosion inhibitor, to passivate Cu NW networks. The stability of BTA-passivated networks under various environmental conditions was monitored and compared to that of bare Cu NW control samples. BTA passivation greatly enhanced the stability of networks without deteriorating their optoelectronic performance. Moreover, to demonstrate their potential, BTA-passivated networks were successfully utilized in the fabrication of a flexible capacitive tactile sensor. This passivation strategy has a strong potential to pave the way for large-scale utilization of Cu NW networks in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Polat Genlik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dogancan Tigan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Kerem Emre Ercan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Melih Ogeday Cicek
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sensu Tunca
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Serkan Koylan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sahin Coskun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ozensoy
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Husnu Emrah Unalan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Centre for Solar Energy Research and Applications (GÜNAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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30
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Baldelli A, Ou J, Li W, Amirfazli A. Spray-On Nanocomposite Coatings: Wettability and Conductivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11393-11410. [PMID: 32822195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite coatings, i.e., a combination of nanocompounds, and a polymer matrix together with suitable additives and solvents is a very versatile method for producing multifunctional coatings. Some of the most desired coating properties have a high repellency to liquids (e.g., superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic) and electrical and thermal conductivities. From a practical perspective, coatings that can be sprayed are very suitable for large-scale production, conformity, and reduced time and cost. Carbon-based, metallic, and ceramic are the three groups of nanocompounds commonly used to formulate spray-on nanocomposite coatings. In this invited feature article, we discuss the applications, advantages, and challenges of using such nanocompounds to produce coatings with good water repellency or/and elevated electrical or/and thermal conductivities. We also discuss the role of additives and solvents briefly in relation to the properties of the coatings. Important spraying parameters, such as stand-off distance and its influence on the final coating properties, will also be examined. Our overall aim is to provide a guideline for the production of practical multifunctional nanocomposites utilizing carbon-based, metallic, or ceramic nanoparticles or nanofibers that covers both aspects of in-air wettability and conductivity under one umbrella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Junfei Ou
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China
| | - Alidad Amirfazli
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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31
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Zhang D, Liang R, Liu Z, Yang H, Shi J, Song Y, Zhang D, Liu A. Research on the Interfacial Interaction between Polyacetylene and Silver Nanowire. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 China
| | - Ruquan Liang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 China
| | - Zhongkui Liu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 China
| | - Houbo Yang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 China
| | - Jianhui Shi
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 China
| | - Yuanmei Song
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 China
| | - Dengbo Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 China
| | - Anmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 China
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32
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Atkinson J, Goldthorpe IA. Near-infrared properties of silver nanowire networks. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:365201. [PMID: 32434158 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab94de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ease of fabrication and mechanical flexibility, silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been touted as a promising replacement for metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO). Here we study an additional advantage: their high transparency in the near-infrared region (NIR) which is highly desirable for some applications. For electrodes that are 96% transparent in the visible, ones made from ITO are only 35% transparent at a wavelength of 2500 nm, but those made from silver nanowires maintain a transparency as high as 94%. Experiments and modelling show that to minimize the transparency drop from the visible to the NIR, the nanowires should be sparse and larger in diameter. This is found to be attributed to both the larger average spacing between nanowires in such networks and the lower absoprtion losses of larger diameter nanowires in the NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Atkinson
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - I A Goldthorpe
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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33
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Zhu X, Xu J, Qin F, Yan Z, Guo A, Kan C. Highly efficient and stable transparent electromagnetic interference shielding films based on silver nanowires. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14589-14597. [PMID: 32614025 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03790g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high optical transmittance and outstanding shielding effectiveness (SE) for optoelectronic devices in visual windows are urgently needed. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of a transparent EMI shielding film based on silver nanowires (Ag NWs) via a facile Mayer-rod coating method. The electrical conductivity and transmittance of Ag NW-based films can be greatly improved through treatment with NaBH4 and the lamination of poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride). The coverage of the polymer decreases the surface roughness, with no damage on the uniform mesh of the Ag NWs. The Ag NW/PDDA composite films present a sheet resistance of 22 Ω sq-1 at a transmittance of 95.5%, better than that of commercial indium tin oxide (ITO). The excellent optoelectrical performance of the Ag NW/PDDA composite film is further ascertained by fitting the transmittance with the resistance, with a figure of merit of 443. The Ag NW/PDDA composite films in this study exhibit greatly improved stability during 25 °C/65% RH aging for 35 days with the assistance of the coverage layer. Moreover, the EMI SE of the Ag NW/PDDA composite films is 28 dB on average at a transmittance of 91.3%, and continuously increases to 31.3 dB while the optical transmittance is still maintained at 86.8%, which is superior to those of most reported transparent EMI shielding materials. Taken together, the excellent optical transmittance and EMI shielding performance of the Ag NW/PDDA composite film make it an outstanding transparent EMI shielding material in optoelectronic devices, such as aerospace equipment, medical devices, communication facilities, and electronic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
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34
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Lin Y, Yuan W, Ding C, Chen S, Su W, Hu H, Cui Z, Li F. Facile and Efficient Patterning Method for Silver Nanowires and Its Application to Stretchable Electroluminescent Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24074-24085. [PMID: 32363851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of silver nanowires (AgNWs) is subject to critical challenges, which have seriously limited their practical applications. This work describes a simple and efficient method combining screen printing with vacuum filtration for patterning AgNW networks. The screen-printed poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mask layer was shown to be strongly adhered to the filtration membrane, which resulted in well-defined sharp edges of the deposited AgNW patterns, and a 50 μm patterning resolution was achieved. The patterned films with low densities of AgNWs (≤15 μg/cm2) were transferred to the surface of PDMS to make patterned stretchable transparent conductive films (TCFs). The low sheet resistance of 7.3 Ω/sq was achieved at an optical transmittance of 79.6% (at 550 nm wavelength) with a AgNW deposition density of only 12.5 μg/cm2. As an application example, the patterned TCFs were used as the top electrodes to fabricate stretchable alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) displays with stretchability up to 70% of their original dimension, which were applied to a smart system for simulating heart beats together with a digitally operated flexible circuit. The ACEL device exhibited a bright and uniform emission with a clear and smooth edge even with a pattern width as narrow as 100 μm, as well as exceptional elasticity and durability in spite of bending, stretching, and twisting. The present work provides a new way of patterning AgNWs and can be extended to a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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35
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Yoon J, An Y, Hong SB, Myung JH, Sun JY, Yu WR. Fabrication of a Highly Stretchable, Wrinkle-Free Electrode with Switchable Transparency Using a Free-Standing Silver Nanofiber Network and Shape Memory Polymer Substrate. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000129. [PMID: 32346943 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transparent and stretchable electrodes (TSEs) are a key technology for the next generation of stretchable electronics and optoelectronics. Metallic nanofibers are widely used because of their good optoelectrical properties, but they demonstrate low stretchability. To enhance stretchability, fabricating in-plane buckled nanofibers with the aid of a prestrained substrate has become crucial in this research field. Here, a composite comprising shape memory polymer-TSE (SMP-TSE) using crosslinked polycyclooctene as a substrate, which shows wrinkle-free deformation and switchable optical transparency, is fabricated. Because of its considerable elongation without residual strain and the shape memory behavior of polycyclooctene, in-plane buckled nanofibers are formed effectively. For fabrication of SMP-TSE, continuous and thin metallic nanofiber that can maintain its structural integrity is required; therefore, electrospinning and an ultraviolet reduction process to create a free-standing, conductive, nanofiber network are used. Because of its in-plane buckled nanofibers, the electrode maintained its resistance during 3000 cycles of a bending test and 900 cycles of a tensile test. Furthermore, SMP-TSE is able to electrically control its temperature, optical transparency, elastic modulus, and shape memory behavior. Finally, the use of SMP-TSE in a smart display that can control its optical and mechanical properties is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsan An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Bin Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Myung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Ryeol Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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36
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Oh YS, Lee J, Choi DY, Lee H, Kang K, Yoo S, Park I, Sung HJ. Selective multi-nanosoldering for fabrication of advanced solution-processed micro/nanoscale metal grid structures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6782. [PMID: 32321964 PMCID: PMC7176656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processed metal grid transparent conductors with low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance and good mechanical flexibility have great potential for use in flexible optoelectronic devices. However, there are still remaining challenges to improve optoelectrical properties and electromechanical stability of the metallic structures due to random loose packings of nanoparticles and the existence of many pores. Here we introduce a selective multi-nanosoldering method to generate robust metallic layers on the thin metal grid structures (< a thickness of 200 nm), which are generated via self-pining assisted direct inking of silver ions. The selective multi-nanosoldering leads to lowering the sheet resistance of the metal grid transparent conductors, while keeping the optical transmittance constant. Also, it reinforces the electromechanical stability of flexible metal grid transparent conductors against a small bending radius or a repeated loading. Finally, organic light-emitting diodes based on the flexible metal grid transparent conductors are demonstrated. Our approach can open a new route to enhance the functionality of metallic structures fabricated using a variety of solution-processed metal patterning methods for next-generation optoelectronic and micro/nanoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - J Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - D Y Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - H Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - K Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - S Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - I Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - H J Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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37
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Zhang D, Huang T, Duan L. Emerging Self-Emissive Technologies for Flexible Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902391. [PMID: 31595613 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Featuring a combination of ultrathin and lightweight properties, excellent mechanical flexibility, low power-consumption, and widely tunable saturated emission, flexible displays have opened up a new possibility for optoelectronics. The demands for flexible displays are growing on a continual basis due not only to their successful commercialization but, more importantly, their endless possibilities for wearable integrated systems. Up to now, self-emissive technologies for displays, flexible active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (flex-AMOLED), flexible quantum dot light-emitting diodes (flex-QLEDs), and flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes (flex-PeLEDs) have been widely reported, but despite the significant progress made in these technologies, enormous obstacles and challenges remain for the vision of truly wearable applications, in particular with flex-QLEDs and flex-PeLEDs. Here, a review of the recent progress of all three self-emissive technologies for flexible displays is conducted, including the emissive active materials, device structures and approaches to manufacturing, the flexible substrates, and conductive electrodes, as well as the encapsulation techniques. The fast-paced improvement made to the efficiency of flexible devices in recent years is also summarized. The review concludes by making suggestions on the future development in this area, and is expected to help researchers in gaining a comprehensive understanding about the newly emerging technologies for flexible displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Joo H, Jung D, Sunwoo SH, Koo JH, Kim DH. Material Design and Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Metallic Nanocomposites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906270. [PMID: 32022440 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductive nanocomposites fabricated by integrating metallic nanomaterials with elastomers have become a vital component of human-friendly electronics, such as wearable and implantable devices, due to their unconventional electrical and mechanical characteristics. Understanding the detailed material design and fabrication strategies to improve the conductivity and stretchability of the nanocomposites is therefore important. This Review discusses the recent technological advances toward high performance stretchable metallic nanocomposites. First, the effect of the filler material design on the conductivity is briefly discussed, followed by various nanocomposite fabrication techniques to achieve high conductivity. Methods for maintaining the initial conductivity over a long period of time are also summarized. Then, strategies on controlled percolation of nanomaterials are highlighted, followed by a discussion regarding the effects of the morphology of the nanocomposite and postfabricated 3D structures on achieving high stretchability. Finally, representative examples of applications of such nanocomposites in biointegrated electronics are provided. A brief outlook concludes this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Joo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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39
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Xiong L, Liu B, Liu D, Lv L, Hou Y, Shen J, Zhang B. An in situ rewritable electrically-erasable photo-memory device for terahertz waves. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3343-3350. [PMID: 31984404 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08826a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A terahertz read-only in situ electrically-erasable rewritable photo-memory device based on a perovskite:Ag (perovskite with Ag nanoparticles added)/SnO2/PEDOT:PSS hetero-junction structure is reported. Under low optical excitation, considerable terahertz amplitude modulation in a perovskite:Ag/PEDOT:PSS hybrid structure was achieved. When a SnO2 nanoparticle film was inserted between the perovskite and PEDOT:PSS layer, the attenuation of the terahertz signal was weaker than that of the perovskite:Ag/PEDOT:PSS hybrid structure; however, the SnO2 nanoparticle film considerably prolonged the recovery time of the modulated terahertz wave in air after photo-excitation was stopped. In addition, when bias voltages were applied to the perovskite:Ag/PEDOT:PSS and perovskite:Ag/SnO2/PEDOT:PSS hybrid structures, respectively, the terahertz signals recovered rapidly for both structures. Consequently, the photo-memory functionality was achieved based on a perovskite:Ag/SnO2/PEDOT:PSS hybrid structure with an in situ method for erasing stored information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China.
| | - Longfeng Lv
- Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jingling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China.
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40
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Zhang Y, Ng SW, Lu X, Zheng Z. Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2049-2122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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41
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Enhanced Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells by Incorporating Silver Nanowires into the Hole Transport Layer. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10100682. [PMID: 31658629 PMCID: PMC6843368 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we incorporated silver nanowires (AgNWs) into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transport layer (HTL) for inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The effect of AgNW incorporation on the perovskite crystallization, charge transfer, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PVSCs were analyzed and discussed. Compared with neat PEDOT:PSS HTL, incorporation of few AgNWs into PEDOT:PSS can significantly enhance the PCE by 25%. However, the AgNW incorporation may result in performance overestimation due to the lateral charge transfer. The corrosion of AgNWs with a perovskite layer was discussed. Too much AgNW incorporation may lead to defects on the interface between the HTL and the perovskite layer. An extra PEDOT:PSS layer over the pristine PEDOT:PSS-AgNW layer can prevent AgNWs from corrosion by iodide ions.
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42
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Thermal conductivity in highly loaded metallic nanowire-dielectric composite: Effect of percolation network. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Seo KW, Lee J, Jo J, Cho C, Lee JY. Highly Efficient (>10%) Flexible Organic Solar Cells on PEDOT-Free and ITO-Free Transparent Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902447. [PMID: 31304650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to fabricate flexible organic solar cells is proposed without indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using junction-free metal nanonetworks (NNs) as transparent electrodes. The metal NNs are monolithically etched using nanoscale shadow masks, and they exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance. Furthermore, the optoelectrical properties of the NNs can be controlled by both the initial metal layer thickness and NN density. Hence, with an extremely thin silver layer, the appropriate density control of the networks can lead to high transmittance and low sheet resistance. Such NNs can be utilized for thin-film devices without planarization by conductive materials such as PEDOT:PSS. A highly efficient flexible organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.6% and high device yield (93.8%) is fabricated on PEDOT-free and ITO-free transparent electrodes. Furthermore, the flexible solar cell retains 94.3% of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending stress tests (strain: 3.13%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Won Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jihwan Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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44
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Sohn H, Park C, Oh JM, Kang SW, Kim MJ. Silver Nanowire Networks: Mechano-Electric Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2526. [PMID: 31398876 PMCID: PMC6720749 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With increasing technological demand for portable electronic and photovoltaic devices, it has become critical to ensure the electrical and mechano-electric reliability of electrodes in such devices. However, the limited flexibility and high processing costs of traditional electrodes based on indium tin oxide undermine their application in flexible devices. Among various alternative materials for flexible electrodes, such as metallic/carbon nanowires or meshes, silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks are regarded as promising candidates owing to their excellent electrical, optical, and mechano-electric properties. In this context, there have been tremendous studies on the physico-chemical and mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks. At the same time, it has been a crucial job to maximize the device performance (or their mechano-electric performance) by reconciliation of various properties. This review discusses the properties and device applications of Ag NW networks under dynamic motion by focusing on notable findings and cases in the recent literature. Initially, we introduce the fabrication (deposition process) of Ag NW network-based electrodes from solution-based coating processes (drop casting, spray coating, spin coating, etc.) to commercial processes (slot-die and roll-to-roll coating). We also discuss the electrical/optical properties of Ag NW networks, which are governed by percolation, and their electrical contacts. Second, the mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks are reviewed by describing individual and combined properties of NW networks with dynamic motion under cyclic loading. The improved mechano-electric properties of Ag NW network-based flexible electrodes are also discussed by presenting various approaches, including post-treatment and hybridization. Third, various Ag NW-based flexible devices (electronic and optoelectronic devices) are introduced by discussing their operation principles, performance, and challenges. Finally, we offer remarks on the challenges facing the current studies and discuss the direction of research in this field, as well as forthcoming issues to be overcome to achieve integration into commercial devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiesang Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Material Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea.
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45
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Kim Y, Kweon OY, Won Y, Oh JH. Deformable and Stretchable Electrodes for Soft Electronic Devices. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Chen W, Jiang J, Zhang W, Wang T, Zhou J, Huang CH, Xie X. Silver Nanowire-Modified Filter with Controllable Silver Ion Release for Point-of-Use Disinfection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7504-7512. [PMID: 31184870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases related to unsafe water are still major threats to public health in some developing countries and rural areas. Providing affordable and safe drinking water globally remains a great challenge in the coming decades. In this study, we develop a high-throughput and conductive silver nanowire (AgNW)-modified composite filter via depositing thin and ultralong AgNWs on a macroporous substrate. An electrochemical filtration cell (EFC) equipped with the composite filter achieves controllable Ag+ release at a μg L-1 level and superior bacterial inactivation performance (>6-log inactivation efficiency) with an operation voltage of only 1 V at a high flux of 100 m3 h-1 m-2. Under such operation conditions, each composite filter (effective area: 0.79 cm2) can treat at least 750 mL of the bacterial suspension (∼107 CFU mL-1 of Escherichia coli) with a low effluent Ag+ concentration below 50 μg L-1 and almost negligible energy consumption of only ∼70 J m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Jinyue Jiang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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47
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Seok H, Lee J, Park J, Lim S, Kim H. Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Quantum Dots Light Emitting Diodes. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hae‐Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hoon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Hyeok Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Hwi Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Han‐Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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48
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Du H, Pan Y, Zhang X, Cao F, Wan T, Du H, Joshi R, Chu D. Silver nanowire/nickel hydroxide nanosheet composite for a transparent electrode and all-solid-state supercapacitor. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:140-146. [PMID: 36132468 PMCID: PMC9473226 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (Ag NW) based composites have shown a great potential not just in transparent electrodes but in diverse functional applications. The main challenge of Ag NW film is the large junction resistance originating from the weak NW contacts. In this paper, we report a simple method to combine ultrathin nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanosheets (NSs) and Ag NWs as a composite for transparent electrode and all-solid-state supercapacitor applications. On the one hand, the Ni(OH)2 NSs were simply coated on Ag NW film and the sheet resistance was decreased significantly without compromising the optical transmittance, owing to the improved junction contacts among NWs and the ultrathin nanostructure of Ni(OH)2 NSs. The optimum Ag NW/Ni(OH)2 NS composite showed not only an excellent optoelectronic performance (a sheet resistance of 18.56 Ω □-1 and a transmittance of 90.26%) but also improved thermal stability. On the other hand, the Ag NW/Ni(OH)2 NS composite was designed for all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors with a high specific capacitance, moderate cycle stability and good mechanical flexibility, indicating a promising application in flexible supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojin Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Fuyang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Haiwei Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei 230061 P. R. China
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Kang H, Yi GR, Kim YJ, Cho JH. Junction Welding Techniques for Metal Nanowire Network Electrodes. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Lee JW, Chae S, Oh S, Kim SH, Choi KH, Meeseepong M, Chang J, Kim N, Lee NE, Lee JH, Choi JY. Single-Chain Atomic Crystals as Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Material with Exceptional Biocompatibility and Bioactivity. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7619-7627. [PMID: 30474985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Mo3Se3- single-chain atomic crystals (SCACs) with atomically small chain diameters of ∼0.6 nm, large surface areas, and mechanical flexibility were synthesized and investigated as an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking scaffold material for tissue engineering applications. The proliferation of L-929 and MC3T3-E1 cell lines increased up to 268.4 ± 24.4% and 396.2 ± 8.1%, respectively, after 48 h of culturing with Mo3Se3- SCACs. More importantly, this extremely high proliferation was observed when the cells were treated with 200 μg mL-1 of Mo3Se3- SCACs, which is above the cytotoxic concentration of most nanomaterials reported earlier. An ECM-mimicking scaffold film prepared by coating Mo3Se3- SCACs on a glass substrate enabled the cells to adhere to the surface in a highly stretched manner at the initial stage of cell adhesion. Most cells cultured on the ECM-mimicking scaffold film remained alive; in contrast, a substantial number of cells cultured on glass substrates without the Mo3Se3- SCAC coating did not survive. This work not only proves the exceptional biocompatible and bioactive characteristics of the Mo3Se3- SCACs but also suggests that, as an ECM-mimicking scaffold material, Mo3Se3- SCACs can overcome several critical limitations of most other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woong Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sudong Chae
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seoungbae Oh
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Montri Meeseepong
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwha Chang
- School of Pharmacy , University of Texas , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering , The University of Texas , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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