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Liu J, Urban MW. Dynamic Interfaces in Self-Healable Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7268-7285. [PMID: 38395626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that interfaces play critical roles in biological and synthetic processes. Aside from significant practical applications, the most accessible and measurable quantity is interfacial tension, which represents a measure of the energy required to create or rejoin two surfaces. Owing to the fact that interfacial processes are critical in polymeric materials, this review outlines recent advances in dynamic interfacial processes involving physics and chemistry targeting self-healing. Entropic interfacial energies stored during damage participate in the recovery, and self-healing depends upon copolymer composition and monomer sequence, monomer molar ratios, molecular weight, and polymer dispersity. These properties ultimately impact chain flexibility, shape-memory recovery, and interfacial interactions. Self-healing is a localized process with global implications on mechanical and other properties. Selected examples driven by interfacial flow and shape memory effects are discussed in the context of covalent and supramolecular rebonding targeting self-healable materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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2
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Marinow A, Katcharava Z, Binder WH. Self-Healing Polymer Electrolytes for Next-Generation Lithium Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051145. [PMID: 36904385 PMCID: PMC10007462 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of polymer materials with self-healing features into advanced lithium batteries is a promising and attractive approach to mitigate degradation and, thus, improve the performance and reliability of batteries. Polymeric materials with an ability to autonomously repair themselves after damage may compensate for the mechanical rupture of an electrolyte, prevent the cracking and pulverization of electrodes or stabilize a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), thus prolonging the cycling lifetime of a battery while simultaneously tackling financial and safety issues. This paper comprehensively reviews various categories of self-healing polymer materials for application as electrolytes and adaptive coatings for electrodes in lithium-ion (LIBs) and lithium metal batteries (LMBs). We discuss the opportunities and current challenges in the development of self-healable polymeric materials for lithium batteries in terms of their synthesis, characterization and underlying self-healing mechanism, as well as performance, validation and optimization.
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Zhou Y, Li L, Han Z, Li Q, He J, Wang Q. Self-Healing Polymers for Electronics and Energy Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:558-612. [PMID: 36260027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are extensively exploited as active materials in a variety of electronics and energy devices because of their tailorable electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, facile processability, and they are lightweight. The polymer devices integrated with self-healing ability offer enhanced reliability, durability, and sustainability. In this Review, we provide an update on the major advancements in the applications of self-healing polymers in the devices, including energy devices, electronic components, optoelectronics, and dielectrics. The differences in fundamental mechanisms and healing strategies between mechanical fracture and electrical breakdown of polymers are underlined. The key concepts of self-healing polymer devices for repairing mechanical integrity and restoring their functions and device performance in response to mechanical and electrical damage are outlined. The advantages and limitations of the current approaches to self-healing polymer devices are systematically summarized. Challenges and future research opportunities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhubing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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4
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Cheng Y, Wang C, Kang F, He YB. Self-Healable Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3656. [PMID: 36296849 PMCID: PMC9610850 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The inner constituents of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are easy to deform during charging and discharging processes, and the accumulation of these deformations would result in physical fractures, poor safety performances, and short lifespan of LIBs. Recent studies indicate that the introduction of self-healing (SH) materials into electrodes or electrolytes can bring about great enhancements in their mechanical strength, thus optimizing the cycle stability of the batteries. Due to the self-healing property of these special functional materials, the fractures/cracks generated during repeated cycles could be spontaneously cured. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of self-healing strategies and introduces the applications of SH materials in LIBs, especially from the aspects of electrodes and electrolytes. Finally, the challenges and the opportunities of the future research as well as the potential of applications are presented to promote the research of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cheng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengrui Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan-Bing He
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Hilgeroth PS, Thümmler JF, Binder WH. 3D Printing of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Triblock Copolymers of Styrene–Isobutylene–Styrene as a Slow-Release System. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183742. [PMID: 36145892 PMCID: PMC9504042 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has a wide range of applications and has opened up new methods of drug formulation, in turn achieving attention in medicine. We prepared styrene–isobutylene–styrene triblock copolymers (SIBS; Mn = 10 kDa–25 kDa, PDI 1,3–1,6) as a drug carrier for triamcinolone acetonide (TA), further processed by fused deposition modeling to create a solid drug release system displaying improved bioavailability and applicability. Living carbocationic polymerization was used to exert control over block length and polymeric architecture. Thermorheological properties of the SIBS polymer (22.3 kDa, 38 wt % S) were adjusted to the printability of SIBS/TA mixtures (1–5% of TA), generating an effective release system effective for more than 60 days. Continuous drug release and morphological investigations were conducted to probe the influence of the 3D printing process on the drug release, enabling 3D printing as a formulation method for a slow-release system of Triamcinolone.
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Woods JF, Gallego L, Pfister P, Maaloum M, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Shape-assisted self-assembly. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3681. [PMID: 35760814 PMCID: PMC9237116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly and molecular recognition are critical processes both in life and material sciences. They usually depend on strong, directional non-covalent interactions to gain specificity and to make long-range organization possible. Most supramolecular constructs are also at least partially governed by topography, whose role is hard to disentangle. This makes it nearly impossible to discern the potential of shape and motion in the creation of complexity. Here, we demonstrate that long-range order in supramolecular constructs can be assisted by the topography of the individual units even in the absence of highly directional interactions. Molecular units of remarkable simplicity self-assemble in solution to give single-molecule thin two-dimensional supramolecular polymers of defined boundaries. This dramatic example spotlights the critical function that topography can have in molecular assembly and paves the path to rationally designed systems of increasing sophistication. Self-assembly and molecular recognition usually depend on strong, directional non-covalent interactions but also topography can play a role in the formation of supramolecular constructs which makes it nearly impossible to discern the potential of shape and motion in the creation of complexity. Here, the authors demonstrate that long-range order in supramolecular constructs can be assisted by the topography of the individual units even in the absence of highly directional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Pfister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mareliati M, Tadiello L, Guerra S, Giannini L, Schrettl S, Weder C. Metal–Ligand Complexes as Dynamic Sacrificial Bonds in Elastic Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mareliati
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Tadiello
- Research & Development, Material Advanced Research, Pirelli Tyre SpA, Viale Piero e Alberto Pirelli, 25, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Guerra
- Research & Development, Material Advanced Research, Pirelli Tyre SpA, Viale Piero e Alberto Pirelli, 25, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Giannini
- Research & Development, Material Advanced Research, Pirelli Tyre SpA, Viale Piero e Alberto Pirelli, 25, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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3D Printable Composite Polymer Electrolytes: Influence of SiO2 Nanoparticles on 3D-Printability. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111859. [PMID: 35683714 PMCID: PMC9181955 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We here demonstrate the preparation of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) for Li-ion batteries, applicable for 3D printing process via fused deposition modeling. The prepared composites consist of modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and SiO2-based nanofillers. PEG was successfully end group modified yielding telechelic PEG containing either ureidopyrimidone (UPy) or barbiturate moieties, capable to form supramolecular networks via hydrogen bonds, thus introducing self-healing to the electrolyte system. Silica nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a filler for further adjustment of mechanical properties of the electrolyte to enable 3D-printability. The surface functionalization of the NPs with either ionic liquid (IL) or hydrophobic alkyl chains is expected to lead to an improved dispersion of the NPs within the polymer matrix. Composites with different content of NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) and LiTFSI salt (EO/Li+ = 5, 10, 20) were analyzed via rheology for a better understanding of 3D printability, and via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) for checking their ionic conductivity. The composite electrolyte PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li 5:1) mixed with 15% NP-IL was successfully 3D printed, revealing its suitability for application as printable composite electrolytes.
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9
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Milkin P, Danzer M, Ionov L. Self-Healing and Electrical Properties of Viscoelastic Polymer-Carbon Blends. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200307. [PMID: 35511792 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing polymer-carbon composites are seen as promising materials for future electronic devices, which must be able to restore not only their structural integrity but also electrical performance after cracking and wear. Despite multiple reports about self-healing conductive elements, there is a lack of a broad fundamental understanding of correlation between viscoelasticity of such composites, their electrical properties, and self-healing of their mechanical as well as electrical properties. Here we report thorough investigation of electromechanical properties of blends of carbon black as conductive filler and viscoelastic polymers (polydimethylsiloxanes and polyborosiloxane) with different relaxation times as matrices. We show that behavior of composites depends strongly on the viscoelastic properties of polymers. Low molecular polymer composite possesses high conductivity due to strong filler network formation, quick electrical and mechanical properties restoration, but for this we sacrifice the ability to flow and ductility at large deformation (material is brittle). In contrary, high relaxation time polymer composite behaves elastically on small time and flows at large time scale due to weak filler network and can heal. However, the electrical properties are worse than that of carbon and viscous polymer and degrade with time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Milkin
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Danzer
- Chair of Electrical Energy Systems, University of Bayreuth, Universistätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Liao H, Zhong W, Li T, Han J, Sun X, Tong X, Zhang Y. A review of self-healing electrolyte and their applications in flexible/stretchable energy storage devices. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Rupp H, Binder WH. 3D Printing of Solvent-Free Supramolecular Polymers. Front Chem 2021; 9:771974. [PMID: 34912780 PMCID: PMC8666451 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.771974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has significantly changed polymer science and technology by engineering complex material shapes and compositions. With the advent of dynamic properties in polymeric materials as a fundamental principle to achieve, e.g., self-healing properties, the use of supramolecular chemistry as a tool for molecular ordering has become important. By adjusting molecular nanoscopic (supramolecular) bonds in polymers, rheological properties, immanent for 3D printing, can be adjusted, resulting in shape persistence and improved printing. We here review recent progress in the 3D printing of supramolecular polymers, with a focus on fused deposition modelling (FDM) to overcome some of its limitations still being present up to date and open perspectives for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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12
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Li C, Hilgeroth P, Hasan N, Ströhl D, Kressler J, Binder WH. Comparing C2=O and C2=S Barbiturates: Different Hydrogen-Bonding Patterns of Thiobarbiturates in Solution and the Solid State. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12679. [PMID: 34884482 PMCID: PMC8657569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl-centered hydrogen bonds with various strength and geometries are often exploited in materials to embed dynamic and adaptive properties, with the use of thiocarbonyl groups as hydrogen-bonding acceptors remaining only scarcely investigated. We herein report a comparative study of C2=O and C2=S barbiturates in view of their differing hydrogen bonds, using the 5,5-disubstituted barbiturate B and the thiobarbiturate TB as model compounds. Owing to the different hydrogen-bonding strength and geometries of C2=O vs. C2=S, we postulate the formation of different hydrogen-bonding patterns in C2=S in comparison to the C2=O in conventional barbiturates. To study differences in their association in solution, we conducted concentration- and temperature-dependent NMR experiments to compare their association constants, Gibbs free energy of association ∆Gassn., and the coalescence behavior of the N-H‧‧‧S=C bonded assemblies. In Langmuir films, the introduction of C2=S suppressed 2D crystallization when comparing B and TB using Brewster angle microscopy, also revealing a significant deviation in morphology. When embedded into a hydrophobic polymer such as polyisobutylene, a largely different rheological behavior was observed for the barbiturate-bearing PB compared to the thiobarbiturate-bearing PTB polymers, indicative of a stronger hydrogen bonding in the thioanalogue PTB. We therefore prove that H-bonds, when affixed to a polymer, here the thiobarbiturate moieties in PTB, can reinforce the nonpolar PIB matrix even better, thus indicating the formation of stronger H-bonds among the thiobarbiturates in polymers in contrast to the effects observed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Li
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (C.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Philipp Hilgeroth
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (C.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Nazmul Hasan
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Dieter Ströhl
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (C.L.); (P.H.)
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13
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Wang S, Urban MW. Basic physicochemical processes governing self‐healable polymers
†. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA
| | - Marek W. Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA
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15
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Mordvinkin A, Döhler D, Binder WH, Colby RH, Saalwächter K. Rheology, Sticky Chain, and Sticker Dynamics of Supramolecular Elastomers Based on Cluster-Forming Telechelic Linear and Star Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Mordvinkin
- Institut für Physik─NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Döhler
- Institut für Chemie─Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Institut für Chemie─Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik─NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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16
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Shi J, Zhu C, Li Q, Li Y, Chen L, Yang B, Xu JF, Dong Y, Mao C, Liu D. Kinetically Interlocking Multiple-Units Polymerization of DNA Double Crossover and Its Application in Hydrogel Formation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100182. [PMID: 34028914 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel kinetically interlocking multiple-units (KIMU) supramolecular polymerization system with DNA double crossover backbone is designed. The rigidity of DX endows the polymer with high molecular weight and stability. The observed concentration of the formed polymers is insensitive and stable under ultralow monomer concentration owing to the KIMU interactions, in which multiple noncovalent interactions are connected by the phosphodiester bonds. Furthermore, a pH-responsive DNA supramolecular hydrogel is constructed by introducing a half i-motif domain into the DNA monomer. The rigidity of DNA polymer endows the hydrogel with high mechanical strength and low gelation concentration. This study enriches the KIMU strategy and offers a simple but effective way to fabricate long and stable supramolecular polymers by balancing the reversibility and stability. It also shows great potentials to construct next generation of smart materials, such as DNA nanostructures, DNA motors, and DNA hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenyou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liangxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanchen Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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17
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Theoretical Characterization of New Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Responsive Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101573. [PMID: 34068943 PMCID: PMC8155995 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, responsive materials including dynamic bonds have been widely acclaimed due to their expectation to pilot advanced materials. Within these materials, synthetic polymers have shown to be good candidates. Recently, the so-called frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) have been used to create responsive materials. Concretely, the activation of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) by a triphenylborane (TPB) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) based FLP has been recently exploited for the production of dynamic cross-links. In this work, we computationally explore the underlying dynamic chemistry in these materials, in order to understand the nature and reversibility of the interaction between the FLP and DEAD. With this goal in mind, we first characterize the acidity and basicity of several TPB and TPP derivatives using different substituents, such as electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. Our results show that strong electron-donating groups increase the acidity of TPB and decrease the basicity of TPP. However, the FLP–DEAD interaction is not mainly dominated by the influence of these substituents in the acidity or basicity of the TPB or TPP systems, but by attractive or repulsive forces between substituents such as hydrogen bonds or steric effects. Based on these results, a new material is proposed based on FLP–DEAD complexes.
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18
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Gui M, Han Y, Zhong H, Liao R, Wang F. Investigation of the Amide Linkages on Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization of Organoplatinum(II) Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:2832. [PMID: 34068830 PMCID: PMC8126204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative supramolecular polymerization of π-conjugated compounds into one-dimensional nanostructures has received tremendous attentions in recent years. It is commonly achieved by incorporating amide linkages into the monomeric structures, which provide hydrogen bonds for intermolecular non-covalent complexation. Herein, the effect of amide linkages is elaborately studied, by comparing supramolecular polymerization behaviors of two structurally similar monomers with the same platinum(II) acetylide cores. As compared to the N-phenyl benzamide linkages, N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl] benzamide linkages give rise to effective chirality transfer behaviors due to the closer distances between the chiral units and the platinum(II) acetylide core. They also provide stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding strength, which consequently brings higher thermo-stability and enhanced gelation capability for the resulting supramolecular polymers. Supramolecular polymerization is further strengthened by varying the monomers from monotopic to ditopic structures. Hence, with the judicious modulation of structural parameters, the current study opens up new avenues for the rational design of supramolecular polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (M.G.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (M.G.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
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19
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Neumann LN, Oveisi E, Petzold A, Style RW, Thurn-Albrecht T, Weder C, Schrettl S. Dynamics and healing behavior of metallosupramolecular polymers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabe4154. [PMID: 33910908 PMCID: PMC8081362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing or healable polymers can recuperate their function after physical damage. This process involves diffusion of macromolecules across severed interfaces until the structure of the interphase matches that of the pristine material. However, monitoring this nanoscale process and relating it to the mechanical recovery remain elusive. We report that studying diffusion across healed interfaces and a correlation of contact time, diffusion depth, and mechanical properties is possible when two metallosupramolecular polymers assembled with different lanthanoid salts are mended. The materials used display similar properties, while the metal ions can be tracked with high spatial resolution by energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum imaging. We find that healing actual defects requires an interphase thickness in excess of 100 nm, 10 times more than previously established for self-adhesion of smooth films of glassy polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Neumann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Emad Oveisi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Petzold
- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert W Style
- Department of Materials, Soft and Living Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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20
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Aguirresarobe RH, Nevejans S, Reck B, Irusta L, Sardon H, Asua JM, Ballard N. Healable and self-healing polyurethanes using dynamic chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Sheikhi M, Rafiemanzelat F, Moroni L, Setayeshmehr M. Ultrahigh-water-content biocompatible gelatin-based hydrogels: Toughened through micro-sized dissipative morphology as an effective strategy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111750. [PMID: 33545891 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of simultaneously robust and superabsorbent gelatin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications still remains a challenge due to lack of locally dissipative points in the presence of large water content. Here, we apply a synthesis strategy through which water absorbency and energy dissipative points are separated, and toughening mechanism is active closely at the crack tip. For this, gelatin-based microgels (GeMs) were synthesized in a way that concentrated supramolecular interactions were present to increase the energy necessary to propagate a macroscopic crack. The microgels were interlocked to each other via both temporary hydrophobic associations and permanent covalent crosslinks, in which the sacrificial binds sustained the toughness due to the mobility of the junction zones and particles sliding. However, chemical crosslinking points preserved the integrity and fast recoverability of the hydrogel. Hysteresis increased strongly with increasing supramolecular interactions within the network. The prepared hydrogels showed energy loss and swelling ratio up to 3440 J. m-3 and 830%, respectively, which was not achievable with conventional network fabrication methods. The microgels were also assessed for their in vivo biocompatibility in a rat subcutaneous pocket assay. Results of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining demonstrated regeneration of the tissue around the scaffolds without incorporation of growth factors. Also, vascularization within the scaffolds was observed after 4 weeks implantation. These results indicate that our strategy is a promising method to manipulate those valuable polymers, which lose their toughness and applicability with increasing their water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheikhi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - F Rafiemanzelat
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - L Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M Setayeshmehr
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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22
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Ahmadi M, Ghanavati M. Dynamics of self-healing supramolecular guanine-modified poly(n-butyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Mordvinkin A, Döhler D, Binder WH, Colby RH, Saalwächter K. Terminal Flow of Cluster-Forming Supramolecular Polymer Networks: Single-Chain Relaxation or Micelle Reorganization? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:127801. [PMID: 33016732 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.127801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We correlate the terminal relaxation of supramolecular polymer networks, based on unentangled telechelic poly(isobutylene) linear chains forming micellar end-group clusters, with the microscopic chain dynamics as probed by proton NMR. For a series of samples with increasing molecular weight, we find a quantitative agreement between the terminal relaxation times and their activation energies provided by rheology and NMR. This finding corroborates the validity of the transient-network model and the special case of the sticky Rouse model, and dismisses more dedicated approaches treating the terminal relaxation in terms of micellar rearrangements. Also, we confirm previous results showing reduction of the activation energy of supramolecular dissociation with increasing molecular weight and explain this trend with an increasing elastic penalty, as corroborated by small angle x-ray scattering data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Mordvinkin
- Institut für Physik-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Straße 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Döhler
- Institut für Chemie-Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Institut für Chemie-Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralph H Colby
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Straße 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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24
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Thompson CB, Korley LTJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Engineering Supramolecular Materials for Responsive Applications-Design and Functionality. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1198-1216. [PMID: 35638621 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers allow access to dynamic materials, where noncovalent interactions can be used to offer both enhanced material toughness and stimuli-responsiveness. The versatility of self-assembly has enabled these supramolecular motifs to be incorporated into a wide array of glassy and elastomeric materials; moreover, the interaction of these noncovalent motifs with their environment has shown to be a convenient platform for controlling material properties. In this Viewpoint, supramolecular polymers are examined through their self-assembly chemistries, approaches that can be used to control their self-assembly (e.g., covalent cross-links, nanofillers, etc.), and how the strategic application of supramolecular polymers can be used as a platform for designing the next generation of smart materials. This Viewpoint provides an overview of the aspects that have garnered interest in supramolecular polymer chemistry, while also highlighting challenges faced and innovations developed by researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase B. Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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25
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Arm-length-dependent phase transformation and dual dynamic healing behavior of supramolecular networks consisting of ureidopyrimidinone-end-functionalized semi-crystalline star polymers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Rupp H, Döhler D, Hilgeroth P, Mahmood N, Beiner M, Binder WH. 3D Printing of Supramolecular Polymers: Impact of Nanoparticles and Phase Separation on Printability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900467. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Rupp
- Macromolecular ChemistryDivision of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural Sciences II(Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
| | - Diana Döhler
- Macromolecular ChemistryDivision of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural Sciences II(Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
| | - Philipp Hilgeroth
- Macromolecular ChemistryDivision of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural Sciences II(Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Micro‐ and Nanostructure Based Polymer CompositesDivision of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural Sciences II(Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Heinrich‐Damerow‐Straße 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
| | - Mario Beiner
- Micro‐ and Nanostructure Based Polymer CompositesDivision of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural Sciences II(Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Heinrich‐Damerow‐Straße 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Macromolecular ChemistryDivision of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural Sciences II(Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
- Micro‐ and Nanostructure Based Polymer CompositesDivision of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural Sciences II(Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Heinrich‐Damerow‐Straße 4 Halle D‐06120 Germany
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27
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Mackanic DG, Yan X, Zhang Q, Matsuhisa N, Yu Z, Jiang Y, Manika T, Lopez J, Yan H, Liu K, Chen X, Cui Y, Bao Z. Decoupling of mechanical properties and ionic conductivity in supramolecular lithium ion conductors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5384. [PMID: 31772158 PMCID: PMC6879760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of wearable electronics puts batteries closer to the human skin, exacerbating the need for battery materials that are robust, highly ionically conductive, and stretchable. Herein, we introduce a supramolecular design as an effective strategy to overcome the canonical tradeoff between mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity in polymer electrolytes. The supramolecular lithium ion conductor utilizes orthogonally functional H-bonding domains and ion-conducting domains to create a polymer electrolyte with unprecedented toughness (29.3 MJ m-3) and high ionic conductivity (1.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C). Implementation of the supramolecular ion conductor as a binder material allows for the creation of stretchable lithium-ion battery electrodes with strain capability of over 900% via a conventional slurry process. The supramolecular nature of these battery components enables intimate bonding at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Combination of these stretchable components leads to a stretchable battery with a capacity of 1.1 mAh cm-2 that functions even when stretched to 70% strain. The method reported here of decoupling ionic conductivity from mechanical properties opens a promising route to create high-toughness ion transport materials for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Mackanic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tuheen Manika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 307, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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29
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Yang SX, Fan ZY, Zhang FY, Li SH, Wu YX. Functionalized Copolymers of Isobutylene with Vinyl Phenol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Property. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Montano V, Picken SJ, van der Zwaag S, Garcia SJ. A deconvolution protocol of the mechanical relaxation spectrum to identify and quantify individual polymer feature contributions to self-healing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10171-10184. [PMID: 31063532 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from experimental macro-rheological data, we develop a fitting protocol that succeeded in the separation of the overlapping relaxation phenomena in the dissipative regime for a set of intrinsic healing polymers healing most effectively near their glass transition temperature Tg. To allow for a proper deconvolution, the rheological master curves are converted to a relaxation spectrum (H(τ)) and this is fitted using an optimized mechanical model, e.g. the Maxwell-Weichert model. The deconvolution of overlapping segmental mobility and reversible interactions is successfully demonstrated for a set of polyimide and polyamide polymers containing none, one and two reversible dynamic features near-Tg. Through the fitting parameters, the relaxation timescale of each feature and their apparent process enthalpies are obtained. The quantitative data obtained using the fitting protocol are then compared to macroscopic healing results. As a result, a clear correspondence between the energy stored by the system to accomplish reversible (e.g. H-bonds, π-π) and chain interdiffusion relaxation transitions and the healing efficiency of such polymers are obtained. The implementation of this protocol allows for a clearer identification of the relevant mechanisms in self-healing polymers and paves the way for the development of more efficiently healable polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Montano
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft, 2629 HS, The Netherlands.
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31
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Ricarte RG, Tournilhac F, Leibler L. Phase Separation and Self-Assembly in Vitrimers: Hierarchical Morphology of Molten and Semicrystalline Polyethylene/Dioxaborolane Maleimide Systems. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G. Ricarte
- Matière Molle et Chimie, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Tournilhac
- Matière Molle et Chimie, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludwik Leibler
- Gulliver, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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32
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Rapp PB, Omar AK, Silverman BR, Wang ZG, Tirrell DA. Mechanisms of Diffusion in Associative Polymer Networks: Evidence for Chain Hopping. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14185-14194. [PMID: 30272969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Networks assembled by reversible association of telechelic polymers constitute a common class of soft materials. Various mechanisms of chain migration in associative networks have been proposed; yet there remains little quantitative experimental data to discriminate among them. Proposed mechanisms for chain migration include multichain aggregate diffusion as well as single-chain mechanisms such as "walking" and "hopping", wherein diffusion is achieved by either partial ("walking") or complete ("hopping") disengagement of the associated chain segments. Here, we provide evidence that hopping can dominate the effective diffusion of chains in associative networks due to a strong entropic penalty for bridge formation imposed by local network structure; chains become conformationally restricted upon association with two or more spatially separated binding sites. This restriction decreases the effective binding strength of chains with multiple associative domains, thereby increasing the probability that a chain will hop. For telechelic chains this manifests as binding asymmetry, wherein the first association is effectively stronger than the second. We derive a simple thermodynamic model that predicts the fraction of chains that are free to hop as a function of tunable molecular and network properties. A large set of self-diffusivity measurements on a series of model associative polymers finds good agreement with this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Rapp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Ahmad K Omar
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Bradley R Silverman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - David A Tirrell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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33
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Lu Z, Tang L. Modulation of Supramolecular Interactions of Urea-based Supramolecular Polymers via Molecular Structures. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Kuhl N, Abend M, Geitner R, Vitz J, Zechel S, Schmitt M, Popp J, Schubert U, Hager M. Urethanes as reversible covalent moieties in self-healing polymers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Polymer engineering based on reversible covalent chemistry: A promising innovative pathway towards new materials and new functionalities. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Hernández Santana M, den Brabander M, García S, van der Zwaag S. Routes to Make Natural Rubber Heal: A Review. POLYM REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2018.1454947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianella Hernández Santana
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Aerospace Structures and Materials Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- Polymer Composite Group, Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Department, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael den Brabander
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Aerospace Structures and Materials Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Santiago García
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Aerospace Structures and Materials Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Aerospace Structures and Materials Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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37
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Jangizehi A, Ghaffarian SR, Schmolke W, Seiffert S. Dominance of Chain Entanglement over Transient Sticking on Chain Dynamics in Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Polymer Networks in the Melt. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - S. Reza Ghaffarian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Willi Schmolke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
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38
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Lee E, Paul W. Thermodynamics of single polyethylene and polybutylene glycols with hydrogen-bonding ends: A transition from looped to open conformations. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsang Lee
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Paul
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
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39
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Xing K, Tress M, Cao P, Cheng S, Saito T, Novikov VN, Sokolov AP. Hydrogen-bond strength changes network dynamics in associating telechelic PDMS. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1235-1246. [PMID: 29355867 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Associating polymers are a class of materials with widely tunable macroscopic properties. Here, we investigate telechelic poly(dimethylsiloxanes) of several molecular weights (MW) with different hydrogen bonding end groups. Besides the well-established increase of the glass transition temperature Tg with decreasing MW, Tg remains unchanged as the end group varies from NH2 over OH to COOH. For the latter system, a 2nd Tg is found which indicates a segregated phase. In contrast, rheological measurements reveal a qualitative difference in the viscoelastic response of NH2-terminated and COOH-terminated chains. Both systems show clear signs of end group association, but only the latter exhibits an extended rubbery plateau. All features observed in the rheology experiments have corresponding processes in the dielectric measurements. This provides insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms, and especially reveals that many end groups of the COOH-terminated chains phase segregate while a certain fraction forms binary associates and remains non-segregated. In contrast, the NH2-terminated systems form only binary associates increasing the effective chain length, whereas the COOH-terminated system consists of two types of associates forming a crosslinked network. Remarkably, a single species of end group forms two qualitatively different types of associates: transient bonds which allow stress release by a bond-partner exchange mechanism, and effectively permanent bonds formed by a phase segregated fraction of end groups which are stable on the timescale of the transient mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyue Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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40
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Polysiloxane/Polystyrene Thermo-Responsive and Self-Healing Polymer Network via Lewis Acid-Lewis Base Pair Formation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020405. [PMID: 29438313 PMCID: PMC6017355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of thermo-reversible Lewis Pair (LP) interactions in the formation of transient polymer networks is still greatly underexplored. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of polydimethylsiloxane/polystyrene (PDMS/PS) blends that form dynamic Lewis acid-Lewis base adducts resulting in reversible crosslinks. Linear PS containing 10 mol % of di-2-thienylboryl pendant groups randomly distributed was obtained in a two-step one-pot functionalization reaction from silyl-functionalized PS, while ditelechelic PDMS with pyridyl groups at the chain-termini was directly obtained via thiol-ene “click” chemistry from commercially available vinyl-terminated PDMS. The resulting soft gels, formed after mixing solutions containing the PDMS and PS polymers, behave at room temperature as elastomeric solid-like materials with very high viscosity (47,300 Pa·s). We applied rheological measurements to study the thermal and time dependence of the viscoelastic moduli, and also assessed the reprocessability and self-healing behavior of the dry gel.
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41
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Campanella A, Döhler D, Binder WH. Self-Healing in Supramolecular Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700739. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Campanella
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry; Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Diana Döhler
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry; Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry; Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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42
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Effect of the polymer structure on the viscoelastic and interfacial healing behaviour of poly(urea-urethane) networks containing aromatic disulphides. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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43
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Dahlke J, Bose RK, Zechel S, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Hager MD, Schubert US. A New Approach Toward Metal-Free Self-Healing Ionomers Based on Phosphate and Methacrylate Containing Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dahlke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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44
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45
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Bose RK, Enke M, Grande AM, Zechel S, Schacher FH, Hager MD, Garcia SJ, Schubert US, van der Zwaag S. Contributions of hard and soft blocks in the self-healing of metal-ligand-containing block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Cui K, Wang D, Zhang H, Guo J, Cai C, Zhu C, Zhao N, Xu J. Preparation of recyclable polybutadiene rubber based on acid-base complexation. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chao Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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47
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Yan T, Schröter K, Herbst F, Binder WH, Thurn-Albrecht T. What Controls the Structure and the Linear and Nonlinear Rheological Properties of Dense, Dynamic Supramolecular Polymer Networks? Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingzi Yan
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Klaus Schröter
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Florian Herbst
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
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48
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Rapp PB, Omar AK, Shen JJ, Buck ME, Wang ZG, Tirrell DA. Analysis and Control of Chain Mobility in Protein Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3796-3804. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Rapp
- Division of Chemistry
and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ahmad K. Omar
- Division of Chemistry
and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeff J. Shen
- Division of Chemistry
and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Maren E. Buck
- Division of Chemistry
and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry
and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - David A. Tirrell
- Division of Chemistry
and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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49
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Kuhl N, Geitner R, Vitz J, Bode S, Schmitt M, Popp J, Schubert US, Hager MD. Increased stability in self-healing polymer networks based on reversible Michael addition reactions. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Kuhl
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Robert Geitner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 Jena 07743 Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 Jena 07743 Germany
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50
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Susa A, Bose RK, Grande AM, van der Zwaag S, Garcia SJ. Effect of the Dianhydride/Branched Diamine Ratio on the Architecture and Room Temperature Healing Behavior of Polyetherimides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34068-34079. [PMID: 27960394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional polyetherimides (PEIs) are commonly synthesized from an aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride (e.g., 3,4'-oxidianiline (ODA) and 4,4'-oxidiphtalic anhydride (ODPA)) leading to the imide linkage and outstanding chemical, thermal and mechanical properties yet lacking any self-healing functionality. In this work, we have replaced the traditional aromatic diamine by a branched aliphatic fatty dimer diamine (DD1). This led to a whole family of self-healing polymers not containing reversible chemical bonds, capable of healing at (near) room temperature yet maintaining very high elastomeric-like mechanical properties (up to 6 MPa stress and 570% strain at break). In this work, we present the effect of the DD1/ODPA ratio on the general performance and healing behavior of a room temperature healing polyetherimide. A dedicated analysis suggests that healing proceeds in three steps: (i) an initial adhesive step leading to the formation of a relatively weak interface; (ii) a second step at long healing times leading to the formation of an interphase with different properties than the bulk material and (iii) disappearance of the damaged zone leading to full healing. We argue that the fast interfacial adhesive step is due to van der Waals interactions of long dangling alkyl chains followed by an interphase formation due to polymer chain interdiffusion. An increase in DD1/ODPA ratio leads to an increase in the healing kinetics and displacement shift of the first healing step toward lower temperatures. An excess of DD1 leads to the cross-linking of the polymer thereby restricting the necessary mobility for the interphase formation and limiting the self-healing behavior. The results here presented offer a new route for the development of room temperature self-healing thermoplastic elastomers with improved mechanical properties using fatty dimer diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Susa
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R K Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A M Grande
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S J Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
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