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Zhang D, Luo N, Xue Z, Bai Y, Xu J. Hierarchically porous ZnO derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for high-sensitive MEMS NO 2 sensor. Talanta 2024; 274:125995. [PMID: 38599115 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) porous metal oxide nanomaterials with controllable morphology and well-defined pore size have attracted extensive attention in the field of gas sensing. Herein, hierarchically porous ZnO-450 was obtained simply by annealing Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF-90) microcrystals at an optimal temperature of 450 °C, and the effect of annealing temperature on the formation of porous nanostructure was discussed. Then the as-obtained ZnO-450 was employed as sensing materials to construct a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gas sensor for detecting NO2. The MEMS sensor based on ZnO-450 displays the excellent gas-sensing performances at a lower working temperature (190 °C), such as high response value (242.18% @ 10 ppm), fast response/recovery time (9/26 s) and ultralow limit of detection (35 ppb). The ZnO-450 sensor shows better sensing performance for NO2 detection than ZnO-based composites materials or commercial ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which are attributed to its unique hierarchically structures with high porosity and larger surface area. This ZIFs driven strategy can be expected to pave a new pathway for the design of high-performance NO2 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Hainan Engineering Research Center of Tropical Ocean Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, 571158, Haikou, China
| | - Na Luo
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhenggang Xue
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yueling Bai
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Sui C, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Bai J, Liu F, Lu G. Pd@Pt Core-Shell Nanocrystal-Decorated ZnO Nanosheets for ppt-Level NO 2 Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1967-1977. [PMID: 38494643 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) have obtained significant attention due to their unique advantages of the intrinsic properties of individual metals and synergistic enhancements resulting from the electronic coupling between two constituent metals. In this work, Pd@Pt core-shell NCs were prepared through a facile one-pot solution-phase method, which had excellent dispersion and uniform size. Concurrently, ZnO nanosheets were prepared via a hydrothermal method. To explore their potential in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensing applications, sensitive materials based on ZnO nanosheets with varying mass percentages of Pd@Pt NCs were generated through an impregnation process. The sensor based on 0.3 wt % Pd@Pt-ZnO exhibited remarkable performance, demonstrating a substantial response (Rg/Ra = 60.3) to 50 ppb of NO2 at a low operating temperature of 80 °C. Notably, this sensor reached an outstanding low detection limit of 300 ppt. The enhancement in gas sensing capabilities can be attributed to the sensitization and synergistic effects imparted by the exceptional catalytic activity of Pd@Pt NCs, which significantly promoted the reaction. This research introduces a novel approach for the utilization of core-shell structured bimetallic nanocrystals as modifiers in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) materials for NO2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Sui
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuanzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jihao Bai
- Shenyang Academy of Instrumentation Science CO., LTD., 242 Beihai Street, Shenyang 110043, China
| | - Fengmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin Prov Key Lab Gas Sensors, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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3
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Jabłczyńska K, Gogos A, Kubsch CMP, Pratsinis SE. Embedding Pd into SnO 2 drastically enhances gas sensing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1259-1268. [PMID: 38356635 PMCID: PMC10863718 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00558e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Combustion aerosol processes can uniquely embed noble metals into semiconducting particles. Here, monocrystalline SnO2 particles embedded with Pd and/or PdOx were made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) of appropriate precursors through microexplosions by droplet-to-particle conversion as the crystal size was proportional to the cube root of precursor solution concentration, C. These particles were air-annealed and leached with nitric acid for removal of metallic Pd from their surface. The SnO2 crystal size varied from 11 to 24 nm and was in close agreement with the primary particle size determined by nitrogen adsorption. The embedded fraction of Pd ranged from about 30 to 80% of the nominal Pd-content. This was achieved by judiciously varying the C, Pd content and the ratio of precursor solution to dispersion oxygen flowrates during FSP. The response of sensors made by doctor blading films of such particles to 1 ppm of acetone and CO was evaluated at 350 °C and 50% relative humidity. Embedding Pd/PdOx into SnO2 significantly increased the sensor response: 2-6 times over that of pure or conventionally-made Pd-containing SnO2 sensors at low nominal Pd-contents (0.2 mol%). For higher ones (i.e. 1 mol% Pd), the sensor response was enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude. This is attributed to Pd atoms in the SnO2 lattice near the particle surface and/or Pd/PdOx clusters acting as nanoelectrodes into SnO2 films and altering their transducing properties as shown by high resolution electron microscopy, XPS and baseline resistance measurements of pure and Pd-embedded SnO2 sensing films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jabłczyńska
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology 00-645 Warsaw Poland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian M P Kubsch
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
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Sosada-Ludwikowska F, Reiner L, Egger L, Lackner E, Krainer J, Wimmer-Teubenbacher R, Singh V, Steinhauer S, Grammatikopoulos P, Koeck A. Adjusting surface coverage of Pt nanocatalyst decoration for selectivity control in CMOS-integrated SnO 2 thin film gas sensors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1127-1134. [PMID: 38356629 PMCID: PMC10863709 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Smart gas-sensor devices are of crucial importance for emerging consumer electronics and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, in particular for indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring (e.g., CO2 levels) or for detecting pollutants harmful for human health. Chemoresistive nanosensors based on metal-oxide semiconductors are among the most promising technologies due to their high sensitivity and suitability for scalable low-cost fabrication of miniaturised devices. However, poor selectivity between different target analytes restrains this technology from broader applicability. This is commonly addressed by chemical functionalisation of the sensor surface via catalytic nanoparticles. Yet, while the latter led to significant advances in gas selectivity, nanocatalyst decoration with precise size and coverage control remains challenging. Here, we present CMOS-integrated gas sensors based on tin oxide (SnO2) films deposited by spray pyrolysis technology, which were functionalised with platinum (Pt) nanocatalysts. We deposited size-selected Pt nanoparticles (narrow size distribution around 3 nm) by magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation, a technique which enables straightforward surface coverage control. The resulting impact on SnO2 sensor properties for CO and volatile organic compound (VOC) detection via functionalisation was investigated. We identified an upper threshold for nanoparticle deposition time above which increased surface coverage did not result in further CO or VOC sensitivity enhancement. Most importantly, we demonstrate a method to adjust the selectivity between these target gases by simply adjusting the Pt nanoparticle deposition time. Using a simple computational model for nanocatalyst coverage resulting from random gas-phase deposition, we support our findings and discuss the effects of nanoparticle coalescence as well as inter-particle distances on sensor functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Reiner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - L Egger
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - E Lackner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - J Krainer
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | | | - V Singh
- Nanoparticles by Design Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), Graduate University 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - S Steinhauer
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - P Grammatikopoulos
- Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong 515063 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong 515063 China
| | - A Koeck
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
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Spagnoli E, Valt M, Gaiardo A, Fabbri B, Guidi V. Insights into the Sensing Mechanism of a Metal-Oxide Solid Solution via Operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2708. [PMID: 37836348 PMCID: PMC10574316 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the influence of Nb addition in the oxide solid solution of Sn and Ti was investigated with regard to the morphological, structural and electrical properties for the production of chemoresistive gas sensors. (Sn,Ti,Nb)xO2-based sensors showed promising features for ethanol monitoring in commercial or industrial settings characterized by frequent variation in relative humidity. Indeed, the three-metal solid solution highlighted a higher response level vs. ethanol than the most widely used SnO2 and a remarkably low effect of relative humidity on the film resistance. Nevertheless, lack of knowledge still persists on the mechanisms of gas reaction occurring at the surface of these nanostructures. In this work, operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy was used on SnO2- and on (Sn,Ti,Nb)xO2-based sensors to combine the investigations on the transduction function, i.e., the read-out of the device activity, with the investigations on the receptor function, i.e., compositional characterization of the active sensing element in real time and under operating conditions. The sensors performance was explained by probing the interaction of H2O and ethanol molecules with the material surface sites. This information is fundamental for fine-tuning of material characteristics for any specific gas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Spagnoli
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Matteo Valt
- MNF-Micro Nano Facility, Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Gaiardo
- MNF-Micro Nano Facility, Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Barbara Fabbri
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Guidi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
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Fisenko NA, Solomatov IA, Simonenko NP, Mokrushin AS, Gorobtsov PY, Simonenko TL, Volkov IA, Simonenko EP, Kuznetsov NT. Atmospheric Pressure Solvothermal Synthesis of Nanoscale SnO 2 and Its Application in Microextrusion Printing of a Thick-Film Chemosensor Material for Effective Ethanol Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9800. [PMID: 36560169 PMCID: PMC9784031 DOI: 10.3390/s22249800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric pressure solvothermal (APS) synthesis of nanocrystalline SnO2 (average size of coherent scattering regions (CSR)-7.5 ± 0.6 nm) using tin acetylacetonate as a precursor was studied. The resulting nanopowder was used as a functional ink component in microextrusion printing of a tin dioxide thick film on the surface of a Pt/Al2O3/Pt chip. Synchronous thermal analysis shows that the resulting semiproduct is transformed completely into tin dioxide nanopowder at 400 °C within 1 h. The SnO2 powder and the resulting film were shown to have a cassiterite-type structure according to X-ray diffraction analysis, and IR spectroscopy was used to establish the set of functional groups in the material composition. The microstructural features of the tin dioxide powder were analyzed using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy: the average size of the oxide powder particles was 8.2 ± 0.7 nm. Various atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were employed to investigate the topography of the oxide film and to build maps of surface capacitance and potential distribution. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of the printed SnO2 film was studied using impedance spectroscopy. The chemosensory properties of the formed material when detecting H2, CO, NH3, C6H6, C3H6O and C2H5OH, including at varying humidity, were also examined. It was demonstrated that the obtained SnO2 film has an increased sensitivity (the sensory response value was 1.4-63.5) and selectivity for detection of 4-100 ppm C2H5OH at an operating temperature of 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Fisenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Solomatov
- Basic Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Science, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, 20 Myasnsitskaya str., Moscow 101978, Russia
| | - Nikolay P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem S. Mokrushin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana L. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Volkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Elizaveta P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay T. Kuznetsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
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Wang Y, Zhou Y. Recent Progress on Anti-Humidity Strategies of Chemiresistive Gas Sensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15248728. [PMID: 36556531 PMCID: PMC9784667 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, chemiresistive gas sensors (CGS) have been widely studied due to their unique advantages of expedient miniaturization, simple fabrication, easy operation, and low cost. As one ubiquitous interference factor, humidity dramatically affects the performance of CGS, which has been neglected for a long time. With the rapid development of technologies based on gas sensors, including the internet of things (IoT), healthcare, environment monitoring, and food quality assessing, the humidity interference on gas sensors has been attracting increasing attention. Inspiringly, various anti-humidity strategies have been proposed to alleviate the humidity interference in this field; however, comprehensive summaries of these strategies are rarely reported. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the latest research advances on humidity-independent CGS. First, we discussed the humidity interference mechanism on gas sensors. Then, the anti-humidity strategies mainly including surface engineering, physical isolation, working parameters modulation, humidity compensation, and developing novel gas-sensing materials were successively introduced in detail. Finally, challenges and perspectives of improving the humidity tolerance of gas sensors were proposed for future research.
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8
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Zhao L, Gong X, Tao W, Wang T, Sun P, Liu F, Liang X, Liu F, Wang Y, Lu G. Understanding the Increasing Trend of Sensor Signal with Decreasing Oxygen Partial Pressure by a Sensing-Reaction Model Based on O 2- Species. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1095-1104. [PMID: 35349276 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the increasing trend of sensor signal with decreasing oxygen partial pressure was observed quite early, the underlying mechanism is still elusive, which is a hindrance to accurate gas detection under varying oxygen partial pressure. In this work, a sensing model based on previous experimental and theoretical results is proposed, in which the O2- species is determined to be the main oxygen species because O- species has not been observed by direct spectroscopic studies. On this basis, combined with the band bending of SnO2 at different oxygen partial pressures, the functional relationship between the surface electron concentration, oxygen partial pressure, and reducing gas concentration is established, which includes three forms corresponding to the depletion layer, accumulation layer, and flat band. In the depletion layer case, the variation of the sensor resistance to different concentrations of CO and oxygen can be well fitted with our function model. Besides, this model predicts that the response of sensors will no longer maintain the increasing trend in an extremely hypoxic atmosphere but will decrease and approach 1 with the background oxygen content further going down to 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liupeng Zhao
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xueqin Gong
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Tao
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianshuang Wang
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xishuang Liang
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fengmin Liu
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center of Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Highly Sensitive Carbon Monoxide Sensor Element with Wide-Range Humidity Resistance by Loading Pd Nanoparticles on SnO 2 Surface. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22082934. [PMID: 35458919 PMCID: PMC9029052 DOI: 10.3390/s22082934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To develop a highly sensitive carbon monoxide (CO) sensor with a wide range of humidity resistance, we focused on the Pd loading method on SnO2 nanoparticles and the thickness of the sensing layer. The Pd nanoparticles were loaded on the SnO2 surface using the surface immobilization method (SI-Pd/SnO2) and the colloidal protection method (CP-Pd/SnO2). The XPS analysis indicated that the Pd nanoparticles were a composite of PdO and Pd, regardless of the loading method. According to the evaluation of the electrical properties at 350 °C, the CO response in a humid atmosphere and the resistance toward humidity change using CP-Pd/SnO2 were higher than those using SI-Pd/SnO2, even though the Pd loading amount of SI-Pd/SnO2 was slightly larger than that of CP-Pd/SnO2. In addition, Pd/SnO2 prepared via the CP method with a thinner sensing layer showed a higher sensor response and greater stability to humidity changes at 300 °C, even though the humidity change influenced the CO response at 250 and 350 °C. Thus, the overall design of the surface Pd, including size, dispersity, and oxidation state, and the sensor fabrication, that is, the thickness of the sensing layer, offer a high-performance semiconductor-type CO gas sensor with a wide range of humidity resistance.
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Park SW, Jeong SY, Moon YK, Kim K, Yoon JW, Lee JH. Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Breath Isoprene by Tailored Gas Reforming: A Synergistic Combination of Macroporous WO 3 Spheres and Au Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11587-11596. [PMID: 35174700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise detection of breath isoprene can provide valuable information for monitoring the physical and physiological status of human beings or for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the extremely low concentration and low chemical reactivity of breath isoprene hamper the selective and sensitive detection of isoprene using oxide semiconductor chemiresistors. Herein, we report that macroporous WO3 microspheres whose inner macropores are surrounded by Au nanoparticles exhibit a high response (resistance ratio = 11.3) to 0.1 ppm isoprene under highly humid conditions at 275 °C and an extremely low detection limit (0.2 ppb). Furthermore, the sensor showed excellent selectivity to isoprene over five interferants that could be exhaled by humans. Notably, the selectivity to isoprene is critically dependent on the location of Au nanocatalysts and macroporosity. The mechanism underlying the selective isoprene detection is investigated in relation to the reforming of less reactive isoprene into more reactive intermediate species promoted by macroporous catalytic reactors, which is confirmed by the analysis using a proton transfer reaction quadrupole mass spectrometer. The sensor for breath analysis has high potential for simple physical and physiological monitoring as well as disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Woong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kook Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - KiBeom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Wook Yoon
- Department of Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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11
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Insights about CO Gas-Sensing Mechanism with NiO-Based Gas Sensors—The Influence of Humidity. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycrystalline NiO thick film-based gas sensors have been exposed to different test gas atmospheres at 250 °C and measured via simultaneous electrical resistance and work function investigations. Accordingly, we decoupled different features manifested toward the potential changes, i.e., work function, band-bending, and electron affinity. The experimental results have shown that the presence of moisture induces an unusual behavior toward carbon monoxide (CO) detection by considering different surface adsorption sites. On this basis, we derived an appropriate detection mechanism capable of explaining the lack of moisture influence over the CO detection with NiO-sensitive materials. As such, CO might have both chemical and dipolar interactions with pre-adsorbed or lattice oxygen species, thus canceling out the effect of moisture. Additionally, morphology, structure, and surface chemistry were addressed, and the results have been linked to the sensing properties envisaging the role played by the porous quasispherical–hollow structures and surface hydration.
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12
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Engelkamp B, Schierbaum K. Oxygen Sensing of Pt/PEO-TiO 2 in Humid Atmospheres at Moderate Temperatures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2558. [PMID: 33917432 PMCID: PMC8038718 DOI: 10.3390/s21072558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that the presence of adsorbed water improves the oxygen-sensing properties of Pt/TiO2 at moderate temperatures. The studied interface is based on porous plasma electrolytic oxidized titanium (PEO-TiO2) covered with platinum clusters. The electrical resistance across Pt/PEO-TiO2 is explained by an electronic depletion layer. Oxygen adsorbates further increase the depletion by inducing extrinsic interface states, which are occupied by TiO2 conduction band electrons. The high oxygen partial pressure in ambient air substantially limits the electron transport across the interface. Our DC measurements at defined levels of humidity at 30 ∘C show that adsorbed water counteracts this shortcoming, allowing oxygen sensing at room conditions. In addition, response and recovery times from temporal oxygen exposure decrease with humidity. We attribute the effects to competing adsorption processes and reactions of water with adsorbed oxygen species and/or lattice oxygen, which involve electron re-injection to the TiO2 conduction band. Elevated temperatures up to 170 ∘C attenuate the effects, presumably due to the lower binding strength to the surface of molecular water compared with oxygen adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Engelkamp
- Abteilung für Materialwissenschaft, Institut für Experimentelle Physik der Kondensierten Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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13
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Li J, Yang Y, Wang Q, Cheng X, Luo Y, An B, Bai J, Wang Y, Xie E. Design of size-controlled Au nanoparticles loaded on the surface of ZnO for ethanol detection. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism of the sensor in air and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yifan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xu Cheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yibing Luo
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Beixi An
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jinglong Bai
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Erqing Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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14
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Jeong SY, Kim JS, Lee JH. Rational Design of Semiconductor-Based Chemiresistors and their Libraries for Next-Generation Artificial Olfaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002075. [PMID: 32930431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Artificial olfaction based on gas sensor arrays aims to substitute for, support, and surpass human olfaction. Like mammalian olfaction, a larger number of sensors and more signal processing are crucial for strengthening artificial olfaction. Due to rapid progress in computing capabilities and machine-learning algorithms, on-demand high-performance artificial olfaction that can eclipse human olfaction becomes inevitable once diverse and versatile gas sensing materials are provided. Here, rational strategies to design a myriad of different semiconductor-based chemiresistors and to grow gas sensing libraries enough to identify a wide range of odors and gases are reviewed, discussed, and suggested. Key approaches include the use of p-type oxide semiconductors, multinary perovskite and spinel oxides, carbon-based materials, metal chalcogenides, their heterostructures, as well as heterocomposites as distinctive sensing materials, the utilization of bilayer sensor design, the design of robust sensing materials, and the high-throughput screening of sensing materials. In addition, the state-of-the-art and key issues in the implementation of electronic noses are discussed. Finally, a perspective on chemiresistive sensing materials for next-generation artificial olfaction is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sik Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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15
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Shin H, Jung WG, Kim DH, Jang JS, Kim YH, Koo WT, Bae J, Park C, Cho SH, Kim BJ, Kim ID. Single-Atom Pt Stabilized on One-Dimensional Nanostructure Support via Carbon Nitride/SnO 2 Heterojunction Trapping. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11394-11405. [PMID: 32833436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis with single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibits outstanding reactivity and selectivity. However, fabrication of supports for the single atoms with structural versatility remains a challenge to be overcome, for further steps toward catalytic activity augmentation. Here, we demonstrate an effective synthetic approach for a Pt SAC stabilized on a controllable one-dimensional (1D) metal oxide nano-heterostructure support, by trapping the single atoms at heterojunctions of a carbon nitride/SnO2 heterostructure. With the ultrahigh specific surface area (54.29 m2 g-1) of the nanostructure, we obtained maximized catalytic active sites, as well as further catalytic enhancement achieved with the heterojunction between carbon nitride and SnO2. X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and HAADF-STEM analysis reveal a homogeneous atomic dispersion of Pt species between carbon nitride and SnO2 nanograins. This Pt SAC system with the 1D nano-heterostructure support exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity toward detection of formaldehyde gas among state-of-the-art gas sensors. Further ex situ TEM analysis confirms excellent thermal stability and sinter resistance of the heterojunction-immobilized Pt single atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Gil Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hwa Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tae Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeong Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungseong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ho Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Joong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Koga K. Electronic and Catalytic Effects of Single-Atom Pd Additives on the Hydrogen Sensing Properties of Co 3O 4 Nanoparticle Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20806-20823. [PMID: 32212617 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed Pd additives significantly enhanced the hydrogen sensing performance of a Co3O4 nanoparticle film, and their electronic along with catalytic roles were comprehensively investigated based on a series of systematic experiments. Aggregates of Co3O4 nanoparticles (approximately 3 nm in size) with homogeneously dispersed Pd additives at concentrations in the range of 1-20% (on a molar basis with respect to Co) were generated in the gas phase via reactive pulsed laser ablation of Co-Pd alloy targets in He/O2 mixtures. The form of the Pd could be modified from single atoms to oxide clusters (1-2 nm), and the effects of these additives on the hydrogen sensing properties of thick films prepared by direct deposition were examined. The highest hydrogen sensing performance was obtained at 5% Pd loading, where single Pd atoms were present at the maximum density. Further Pd loading resulted in the formation of Pd oxide clusters and degraded the sensitivity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Pd K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that single Pd atoms in the Pd4+ state at Co3+ sites on the Co3O4 nanoparticle surfaces donated electrons to the Co3O4 valence band. The greater concentration of free electrons led to an increase in the concentration of ionosorbed oxygen under dry air. Consequently, more ionosorbed oxygen was available for reaction with hydrogen, enhancing sensitivity. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy data confirmed that approximately 10% of the single Pd atoms in the Pd4+ state were reduced to Pd2+ during exposure to 1000 ppm H2, implying that a Pd4+ ↔ Pd2+ catalytic redox cycle accelerates the water formation reaction during hydrogen sensing. The present results provide deeper insights and understanding of the effects of noble metal additives on gas sensing, while highlighting the unique role of single-atom additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Koga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Jeong S, Moon YK, Kim T, Park S, Kim KB, Kang YC, Lee J. A New Strategy for Detecting Plant Hormone Ethylene Using Oxide Semiconductor Chemiresistors: Exceptional Gas Selectivity and Response Tailored by Nanoscale Cr 2O 3 Catalytic Overlayer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903093. [PMID: 32274308 PMCID: PMC7141008 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive detection of the plant hormone ethylene, particularly at low concentrations, is essential for controlling the growth, development, and senescence of plants, as well as for ripening of fruits. However, this remains challenging because of the non-polarity and low reactivity of ethylene. Herein, a strategy for detecting ethylene at a sub-ppm-level is proposed by using oxide semiconductor chemiresistors with a nanoscale oxide catalytic overlayer. The SnO2 sensor coated with the nanoscale catalytic Cr2O3 overlayer exhibits rapid sensing kinetics, good stability, and an unprecedentedly high ethylene selectivity with exceptional gas response (R a/R g - 1, where R a represents the resistance in air and R g represents the resistance in gas) of 16.8 at an ethylene concentration of 2.5 ppm at 350 °C. The sensing mechanism underlying the ultraselective and highly sensitive ethylene detection in the unique bilayer sensor is systematically investigated with regard to the location, configuration, and thickness of the catalytic Cr2O3 overlayer. The mechanism involves the effective catalytic oxidation of interfering gases into less- or non-reactive species, without limiting the analyte gas transport. The sensor exhibits a promising potential for achieving a precise quantitative assessment of the ripening of five different fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong‐Yong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kook Moon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Sei‐Woong Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Beom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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18
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Zhou X, Xue Z, Chen X, Huang C, Bai W, Lu Z, Wang T. Nanomaterial-based gas sensors used for breath diagnosis. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3231-3248. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gas-sensing applications commonly use nanomaterials (NMs) because of their unique physicochemical properties, including a high surface-to-volume ratio, enormous number of active sites, controllable morphology, and potential for miniaturisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Zhenjie Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Wanqiao Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Zhili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold
- Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou Universit
- P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
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19
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Degler D, Weimar U, Barsan N. Current Understanding of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Doped and Loaded Semiconducting Metal-Oxide-Based Gas Sensing Materials. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2228-2249. [PMID: 31365820 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introducing additives in semiconducting metal oxides includes, besides the use of filters, dynamic operation procedures and chemometric approaches, the most common way of tuning the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of chemoresitsive gas sensors. For the vast majority of commercially used gas sensing materials, the introduction of additives is essential and is one of the longest lasting topics in gas sensor research. This Review discusses the different chemical and electrical sensitization mechanisms of additives as well as the role of different structures. Based on state-of-the-art experimental findings, this Review revises and updates the concepts that are used to explain the mechanisms through which the additives influence the performance of typical gas sensing materials, i.e., oxide nanoparticles arranged in a porous layer. The first sections classify the different additive structures, namely, doped or loaded oxides as well as mixtures of oxides, and describe the basic working principle of pristine semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors. The subsequent sections discuss different chemical and/or electrical contributions to the sensitization by additive structures, their mutual influence on each other, and the way they impact the sensing properties. The presented concepts and models are essential for understanding the complex role of additives and provide the basis for a knowledge-based design of gas sensors based on semiconducting metal oxide nanoparticles, which is outlined in a separate section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Degler
- Faculty of Industrial Technologies, Furtwangen University, D-78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Udo Weimar
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Centre for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolae Barsan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Centre for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Ma XH, Li HY, Kweon SH, Jeong SY, Lee JH, Nahm S. Highly Sensitive and Selective PbTiO 3 Gas Sensors with Negligible Humidity Interference in Ambient Atmosphere. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5240-5246. [PMID: 30633490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three PbTiO3 nanostructures were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal reaction with different TiO2 powders as Ti sources, and their gas-sensing properties were investigated. The sensor comprising PbTiO3 nanoplates (NPs) exhibited a high response (resistance ratio = 80.4) to 5 ppm ethanol at 300 °C and could detect trace concentrations of ethanol down to 100 ppb. Moreover, the sensor showed high ethanol selectivity and nearly the same sensing characteristics despite the wide range of humidity variation from 20 to 80% RH. The mechanism for humidity-independent gas sensing was elucidated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra. PbTiO3 NPs are new and promising sensing materials that can be used for detecting ethanol in a highly sensitive and selective manner with negligible interference from ambient humidity.
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Jeong YJ, Koo WT, Jang JS, Kim DH, Cho HJ, Kim ID. Chitosan-templated Pt nanocatalyst loaded mesoporous SnO 2 nanofibers: a superior chemiresistor toward acetone molecules. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13713-13721. [PMID: 29989640 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a chitosan-Pt complex (CS-Pt) as an effective template for catalytic Pt sensitization and creation of abundant mesopores in SnO2 nanofibers (NFs). The Pt particles encapsulated by the CS exhibit ultrasmall size (∼2.6 nm) and high dispersion characteristics due to repulsion between CS molecules. By combining CS-Pt with electrospinning, mesoporous SnO2 NFs uniformly functionalized with the Pt catalyst (CS-Pt@SnO2 NFs) are synthesized. Particularly, numerous mesopores with diameters of ∼20 nm form through the decomposition of CS, while a small SnO2 grain size (14.32 nm) is achieved by the pinning effect of CS. It is observed that CS-Pt@SnO2 NFs exhibit outstanding response (Rair/Rgas = 141.92 at 5 ppm), excellent selectivity, stability, and fast response (12 s)/recovery (44 s) speed toward 1 ppm of acetone at 350 °C and high humidity (90% RH). In addition, by applying an exponential fitting tool to experimental response values toward 0.1-5 ppm of acetone, it is estimated that CS-Pt@SnO2 NFs can detect 5 ppb of acetone with a notable response (Rair/Rgas = 2.9). Furthermore, the sensor array based on CS-Pt@SnO2 NFs, CS-driven SnO2 NFs, polyol-Pt loaded SnO2 NFs, and dense SnO2 NFs obviously classifies simulated diabetic breath and healthy human breath by using a pattern recognition tool. These results clearly demonstrate that mesoporous SnO2 NFs, particularly functionalized with CS-Pt templated nanocatalysts, open up a new class of sensing layers offering high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Broza YY, Vishinkin R, Barash O, Nakhleh MK, Haick H. Synergy between nanomaterials and volatile organic compounds for non-invasive medical evaluation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4781-4859. [PMID: 29888356 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article is an overview of the present and ongoing developments in the field of nanomaterial-based sensors for enabling fast, relatively inexpensive and minimally (or non-) invasive diagnostics of health conditions with follow-up by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) excreted from one or combination of human body fluids and tissues (e.g., blood, urine, breath, skin). Part of the review provides a didactic examination of the concepts and approaches related to emerging sensing materials and transduction techniques linked with the VOC-based non-invasive medical evaluations. We also present and discuss diverse characteristics of these innovative sensors, such as their mode of operation, sensitivity, selectivity and response time, as well as the major approaches proposed for enhancing their ability as hybrid sensors to afford multidimensional sensing and information-based sensing. The other parts of the review give an updated compilation of the past and currently available VOC-based sensors for disease diagnostics. This compilation summarizes all VOCs identified in relation to sickness and sampling origin that links these data with advanced nanomaterial-based sensing technologies. Both strength and pitfalls are discussed and criticized, particularly from the perspective of the information and communication era. Further ideas regarding improvement of sensors, sensor arrays, sensing devices and the proposed workflow are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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23
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Moon HG, Jung Y, Jun D, Park JH, Chang YW, Park HH, Kang CY, Kim C, Kaner RB. Hollow Pt-Functionalized SnO 2 Hemipill Network Formation Using a Bacterial Skeleton for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Diabetes. ACS Sens 2018; 3:661-669. [PMID: 29411965 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hollow-structured nanomaterials are presented as an outstanding sensing platform because of their unique combination of high porosity in both the micro- and nanoscale, their biocompatibility, and flexible template applicability. Herein, we introduce a bacterial skeleton method allowing for cost-effective fabrication with nanoscale precision. As a proof-of-concept, we fabricated a hollow SnO2 hemipill network (HSHN) and a hollow Pt-functionalized SnO2 hemipill network (HPN). A superior detecting capability of HPN toward acetone, a diabetes biomarker, was demonstrated at low concentration (200 ppb) under high humidity (RH 80%). The detection limit reaches 3.6 ppb, a level satisfying the minimum requirement for diabetes breath diagnosis. High selectivity of the HPN sensor against C6H6, C7H8, CO, and NO vapors is demonstrated using principal component analysis (PCA), suggesting new applications of HPN for human-activity monitoring and a personal healthcare tool for diagnosing diabetes. The skeleton method can be further employed to mimic nanostructures of biomaterials with unique functionality for broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji Hyun Park
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Young Wook Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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24
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Jeong YJ, Koo WT, Jang JS, Kim DH, Kim MH, Kim ID. Nanoscale PtO 2 Catalysts-Loaded SnO 2 Multichannel Nanofibers toward Highly Sensitive Acetone Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2016-2025. [PMID: 29260542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PtO2 nanocatalysts-loaded SnO2 multichannel nanofibers (PtO2-SnO2 MCNFs) were synthesized by single-spinneret electrospinning combined with apoferritin and two immiscible polymers, i.e., poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and polyacrylonitrile. The apoferritin, which can encapsulate nanoparticles within a small inner cavity (8 nm), was used as a catalyst loading template for an effective functionalization of the PtO2 catalysts. Taking advantage of the multichannel structure with a high porosity, effective activation of catalysts on both interior and exterior site of MCNFs was realized. As a result, under high humidity condition (95% RH), PtO2-SnO2 MCNFs exhibited a remarkably high acetone response (Rair/Rgas = 194.15) toward 5 ppm acetone gases, superior selectivity to acetone molecules among various interfering gas species, and excellent stability during 30 cycles of response and recovery toward 1 ppm acetone gases. In this work, we first demonstrate the high suitability of multichannel semiconducting metal oxides structure functionalized by apoferritin-encapsulated catalytic nanoparticles as highly sensitive and selective gas-sensing layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tae Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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25
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Zito CA, Perfecto TM, Volanti DP. Porous CeO2 nanospheres for a room temperature triethylamine sensor under high humidity conditions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The porous CeO2 nanospheres showed an enhanced triethylamine sensing performance at 98% of relative humidity in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Zito
- Laboratory of Materials for Sustainability (LabMatSus)
- Ibilce
- São Paulo State University (Unesp)
- R. Cristóvão Colombo
- 2265
| | - Tarcísio M. Perfecto
- Laboratory of Materials for Sustainability (LabMatSus)
- Ibilce
- São Paulo State University (Unesp)
- R. Cristóvão Colombo
- 2265
| | - Diogo P. Volanti
- Laboratory of Materials for Sustainability (LabMatSus)
- Ibilce
- São Paulo State University (Unesp)
- R. Cristóvão Colombo
- 2265
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26
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Sharma A, Kumar Y, Mazumder K, Rana AK, Shirage PM. Controlled Zn1−xNixO nanostructures for an excellent humidity sensor and a plausible sensing mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A Freundlich adsorption isotherm model confirms a plausible humidity sensing mechanism when using wet chemically prepared Zn1−xNixO nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfa Sharma
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering & Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering & Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
| | - Kushal Mazumder
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
| | - Amit Kumar Rana
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
| | - Parasharam M. Shirage
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering & Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
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Yoon JW, Lee JH. Toward breath analysis on a chip for disease diagnosis using semiconductor-based chemiresistors: recent progress and future perspectives. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3537-3557. [PMID: 28971204 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00810d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor gas sensors using metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, graphene-based materials, and metal chalcogenides have been reviewed from the viewpoint of the sensitive, selective, and reliable detection of exhaled biomarker gases, and perspectives/strategies to realize breath analysis on a chip for disease diagnosis are discussed based on the concurrent design of high-performance sensing materials and miniaturized pretreatment components. Carbon-based sensing materials that show relatively high responses to NO and NH3 at low or mildly raised temperatures can be applied to the diagnosis of asthma and renal disease. Halitosis can be diagnosed by employing sensing or additive materials such as CuO and Mo that have high chemical affinities for H2S, while catalyst-loaded metal oxide nanostructure sensors or their arrays have been used to diagnose diabetes via the selective detection of acetone or by pattern recognition of sensor signals. For the ultimate miniaturization of a breath-analysis system into a tiny chip, preconditioning that includes preconcentration, dehumidification, and flow sensing needs to be either improved through the design of gas/moisture adsorbents or removed/simplified through the design of highly sensitive sensing materials that are less impervious to interference from humidity and temperature. Moreover, an abundant sensing library needs to be provided for the diagnosis of diseases (e.g. lung cancer) that are associated with multiple biomarker gases and for finding new methods to diagnose other diseases. For this aim, p-type oxide semiconductors with high catalytic activities, as well as combinatorial approaches, can be considered for the development of sensing materials that detect less-reactive large molecules, and high-throughput screening, respectively. Selectivity for a specific biomarker gas will simplify the system further. Breath analysis on a tiny chip using semiconductor chemiresistors with ultralow power consumption that is connected to the 'Internet of Things' will pave new roads for disease diagnosis and patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wook Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Degler D, Rank S, Müller S, Pereira de Carvalho HW, Grunwaldt JD, Weimar U, Barsan N. Gold-Loaded Tin Dioxide Gas Sensing Materials: Mechanistic Insights and the Role of Gold Dispersion. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabrina Müller
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hudson W. Pereira de Carvalho
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centro
de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, 13400-970, Piracicaba, Sao
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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29
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Suematsu K, Sasaki M, Ma N, Yuasa M, Shimanoe K. Antimony-Doped Tin Dioxide Gas Sensors Exhibiting High Stability in the Sensitivity to Humidity Changes. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Suematsu
- Department of Energy and Material
Sciences, Faculty of Engineering
Science and ‡Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sasaki
- Department of Energy and Material
Sciences, Faculty of Engineering
Science and ‡Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Energy and Material
Sciences, Faculty of Engineering
Science and ‡Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yuasa
- Department of Energy and Material
Sciences, Faculty of Engineering
Science and ‡Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kengo Shimanoe
- Department of Energy and Material
Sciences, Faculty of Engineering
Science and ‡Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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30
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Degler D, Pereira de Carvalho HW, Kvashnina K, Grunwaldt JD, Weimar U, Barsan N. Structure and chemistry of surface-doped Pt:SnO2 gas sensing materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26302f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and sensitization mechanism of surface-doped Pt:SnO2 was studied by state of the art operando spectroscopic methods, namely XAS and DRIFTS. The obtained results are discussed in the context of related Pt:SnO2 materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Degler
- University of Tübingen
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Hudson W. Pereira de Carvalho
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura
| | - Kristina Kvashnina
- ESRF
- 38043 Grenoble
- France
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
- Institute of Resource Ecology
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Udo Weimar
- University of Tübingen
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Nicolae Barsan
- University of Tübingen
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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31
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Ma N, Suematsu K, Yuasa M, Shimanoe K. Pd size effect on the gas sensing properties of Pd-loaded SnO2 in humid atmosphere. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15618-25. [PMID: 26111855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pd particles of different nanosizes were loaded on the SnO2 surface by using different Pd precursors for the purpose of investigating the Pd size effect on gas sensing properties in humid atmosphere. One kind of Pd-loaded SnO2 nanoparticle was characterized by smaller Pd particles (2.6 nm) with high dispersion, while another kind was characterized by larger Pd particles (5-10 nm) with low dispersion. It was found that both kinds of Pd on the SnO2 surface let the mainly adsorbed oxygen species change from O(-) to O(2-) in humid atmosphere at 350 °C. In addition, the water vapor poisoning effect on electric resistance and sensor response was greatly reduced by loading Pd. Interestingly, for the CO response at 350 °C, Pd-SnO2 with small Pd size showed almost constant sensor response with varying humidity (0.5-4 vol % H2O). While the CO response of Pd-SnO2 with large Pd size even increased with increasing amount of water vapor. Moreover, the former CO response was increased from 300 to 350 °C, but the later response decreased with increase in operating temperature. These behaviors were analyzed by temperature programed reduction (TPR) in H2 and CO atmospheres, and they were supported by the different catalytic activities of different nanosized Pd particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- †Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Yuasa
- §Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kengo Shimanoe
- §Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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32
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Chiang YJ, Li KC, Lin YC, Pan FM. A mechanistic study of hydrogen gas sensing by PdO nanoflake thin films at temperatures below 250 °C. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3039-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04527k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic competition between PdO reduction and reoxidation governs the H2 sensing behavior of PdO nanoflakes at temperatures below 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chung Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- R.O.C
| | - Fu-Ming Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- R.O.C
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