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Tosato M, Randhawa P, Asti M, Hemmingsen LBS, O'Shea CA, Thaveenrasingam P, Sauer SPA, Chen S, Graiff C, Menegazzo I, Baron M, Radchenko V, Ramogida CF, Di Marco V. Capturing Mercury-197m/g for Auger Electron Therapy and Cancer Theranostic with Sulfur-Containing Cyclen-Based Macrocycles. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39024562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The interest in mercury radioisotopes, 197mHg (t1/2 = 23.8 h) and 197gHg (t1/2 = 64.14 h), has recently been reignited by the dual diagnostic and therapeutic nature of their nuclear decays. These isotopes emit γ-rays suitable for single photon emission computed tomography imaging and Auger electrons which can be exploited for treating small and metastatic tumors. However, the clinical utilization of 197m/gHg radionuclides is obstructed by the lack of chelators capable of securely binding them to tumor-seeking vectors. This work aims to address this challenge by investigating a series of chemically tailored macrocyclic platforms with sulfur-containing side arms, namely, 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3S), and 1,7-bis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,10-diacetic acid (DO2A2S). 1,4,7,10-Tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetracetic acid (DOTA), the widest explored chelator in nuclear medicine, and the nonfunctionalized backbone 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (cyclen) were considered as well to shed light on the role of the sulfanyl arms in the metal coordination. To this purpose, a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study encompassing aqueous coordination chemistry investigations through potentiometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as concentration- and temperature-dependent [197m/gHg]Hg2+ radiolabeling and in vitro stability assays in human serum was conducted. The obtained results reveal that the investigated chelators rapidly complex Hg2+ in aqueous media, forming extremely thermodynamically stable 1:1 metal-to-ligand complexes with superior stabilities compared to those of DOTA or cyclen. These complexes exhibited 6- to 8-fold coordination environments, with donors statically bound to the metal center, as evidenced by the presence of 1H-199Hg spin-spin coupling via NMR. A similar octacoordinated environment was also found for DOTA in both solution and solid state, but in this case, multiple slowly exchanging conformers were detected at ambient temperature. The sulfur-rich ligands quantitatively incorporate cyclotron-produced [197m/gHg]Hg2+ under relatively mild reaction conditions (pH = 7 and T = 50 °C), with the resulting radioactive complexes exhibiting decent stability in human serum (up to 75% after 24 h). By developing viable chelators and understanding the impact of structural modifications, our research addresses the scarcity of suitable chelating agents for 197m/gHg, offering promise for its future in vivo application as a theranostic Auger-emitter radiometal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lars B S Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catriona Ann O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ileana Menegazzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Baron
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Fiaccabrino D, Masvikeni T, Jaraquemada-Peláez MDG, Orvig C, Schaffer P. H 3trica: Versatile Macrocyclic Chelator for [ 225Ac]Ac 3+ and [ 155/161Tb]Tb 3+ Theranostics. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39013439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
H3trica is a nonadentate chelating ligand intended for coordinating large radiometal ions, such as those used in nuclear medicine. This chelator, featuring a triaza-18-crown-6 macrocycle with three pendant carboxylic acid functional groups, was synthesized and characterized. Complementary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray-ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-ESI-MS) studies were used to explore the coordination of H3trica with metal ions such as La3+, Y3+ (as a model for Tb3+), and Lu3+ at the bulk scale. Thermodynamic solution studies provided valuable insights, highlighting robust metal complexation of H3trica with La3+, Tb3+, and Lu3+, with the most noteworthy log KML value observed for Tb3+ (log KTbL = 17.08), followed by La3+ (log KLaL = 16.64) and Lu3+ (log KLuL = 16.25). Concentration-dependent radiolabeling studies with [225Ac]Ac3+, [155Tb]Tb3+, and [161Tb]Tb3+ demonstrated rapid complexation (5-30 min) under mild conditions (pH 6-7, 25 °C). Importantly, the radiolabeled complexes exhibited stability during incubation in human serum for one-half-life of the corresponding radiometal. Thus, H3trica emerges as a valuable chelator, demonstrating its potential to coordinate the theranostic couple [225Ac]Ac3+/[155Tb]Tb3+ as well as the powerful terbium quartet ([149/152/155/161Tb]Tb3+) with efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Fiaccabrino
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia ,V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia ,V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Tinotenda Masvikeni
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia ,V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia ,V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia ,V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby ,British Columbia,V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia ,V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Lindeman SD, Booth OC, Tudi P, Schleinkofer TC, Moss JN, Kearney NB, Mukkamala R, Thompson LK, Modany MA, Srinivasarao M, Low PS. FAP Radioligand Linker Optimization Improves Tumor Dose and Tumor-to-Healthy Organ Ratios in 4T1 Syngeneic Model. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39013156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has attracted considerable attention as a possible target for the radiotherapy of solid tumors. Unfortunately, initial efforts to treat solid tumors with FAP-targeted radionuclides have yielded only modest clinical responses, suggesting that further improvements in the molecular design of FAP-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPT) are warranted. In this study, we report several advances on the previously described FAP6 radioligand that increase tumor retention and accelerate healthy tissue clearance. Seven FAP6 derivatives with different linkers or albumin binders were synthesized, radiolabeled, and investigated for their effects on binding and cellular uptake. The radioligands were then characterized in 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice using both single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and ex vivo biodistribution analyses to identify the conjugate with the best tumor retention and tumor-to-healthy organ ratios. The results reveal an optimized FAP6 radioligand that exhibits efficacy and safety properties that potentially justify its translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer D Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- MorphImmune, Inc., 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Owen C Booth
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pooja Tudi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Taylor C Schleinkofer
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jackson N Moss
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicholas B Kearney
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ramesh Mukkamala
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lauren K Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mollie A Modany
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Madduri Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- MorphImmune, Inc., 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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Harriswangler C, Omweri JM, Saini S, Valencia L, Esteban-Gómez D, Ranga M, Guidolin N, Baranyai Z, Lapi SE, Platas-Iglesias C. Improving the In Vivo Stability of [ 52Mn]Mn(II) Complexes with 18-Membered Macrocyclic Chelators for PET Imaging. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11242-11253. [PMID: 38935616 PMCID: PMC11247486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the [natMn/52Mn]Mn(II) complexes of the macrocyclic chelators PYAN [3,6,10,13-tetraaza-1,8(2,6)-dipyridinacyclotetradecaphane] and CHXPYAN [(41R,42R,101R,102R)-3,5,9,11-tetraaza-1,7(2,6)-dipyridina-4,10(1,2)-dicyclohexanacyclododecaphane]. The X-ray crystal structures of Mn-PYAN and Mn-CHXPYAN evidence distorted octahedral geometries through coordination of the nitrogen atoms of the macrocycles. Cyclic voltammetry studies evidence reversible processes due to the Mn(II)/Mn(III) pair, indicating that the complexes are resistant to oxidation. CHXPYAN forms a more thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert Mn(II) complex than PYAN. Radiochemical studies with the radioactive isotope manganese-52 (52Mn, t1/2 = 5.6 days) evidenced better radiochemical yields for CHXPYAN than for PYAN. Both [52Mn]Mn(II) complexes remained stable in mouse and human serum, so in vivo stability studies were carried out. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans and biodistribution assays indicated that [52Mn]Mn-PYAN has a distribution pattern similar to that of [52Mn]MnCl2, showing persistent radioactivity accumulation in the kidneys. Conversely, [52Mn]Mn-CHXPYAN remained stable in vivo, clearing quickly from the liver and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Harriswangler
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
| | - James M Omweri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
| | - Madalina Ranga
- Bracco Imaging SpA, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, ed. Q─S.S. 14 Km 163,5, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Nicol Guidolin
- Bracco Imaging SpA, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, ed. Q─S.S. 14 Km 163,5, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging SpA, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, ed. Q─S.S. 14 Km 163,5, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
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Pandey S, Kaur G, Rana N, Chopra S, Rather I, Kumar R, Laroiya I, Chadha VD, Satz S, Stabin MG, Mittal BR, Shukla J. Advancing Cancer Theranostics Through Integrin αVβ3-Targeted Peptidomimetic IAC: From Bench to Bedside. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024. [PMID: 38977419 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The expression of alpha-five beta-three (αVβ3) integrins is upregulated in various malignancies undergoing angiogenesis. The development of integrin antagonists as diagnostic probes makes the αVβ3 integrin a suitable candidate for targeting tumor angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to optimize the radiolabeling and evaluate the potential of conjugated integrin antagonist carbamate (IAC), a peptidomimetic, as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical for targeting tumor angiogenesis. Methodology: Radiolabeling of DOTAGA [2,2',2" -{10-(2,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl} triacetic-acid]-IAC with [68Ga]Ga, [177Lu]Lu, and [225Ac]Ac was optimized. The binding affinity (Kd) of DOTAGA-IAC for the αVβ3 receptor and cancer cell lines was quantified. The biodistribution studies were conducted in healthy Wistar rats. Dosimetry analysis was performed on [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA-IAC distribution data. A pilot study of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-IAC and [18F]FDG Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT) imaging was performed in five patients with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer. PET/CT findings were compared between [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-IAC and [18F]FDG in these patients. Results: Radiopharmaceuticals were prepared with high radiochemical purity (>99.9%). Kd and Bmax measurements were 15.02 nM and 417 fmol for αVβ3 receptor protein: 115.7 nM and 295.3 fmol for C6 glioma cells. Biodistribution studies in rats suggested the excretion via kidneys and partially through the hepatobiliary route. The effective dose of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA-IAC was found to be 0.17 mSv/MBq. The dynamic study in patients revealed the optimal imaging time to be 30-35 mins postadministration. Out of the cohort, [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-IAC detected the primary lesions in all five patients with a mean standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 3.94 ± 0.58 compared with [18F]FDG (SUVmax 13.8 ± 6.53). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that DOTAGA-IAC exhibits strong binding to αVβ3 integrin, positioning it as a promising PET agent for assessing primary and metastatic cancers. The outcomes from the pilot study suggest the potential of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-IAC PET/CT in breast carcinoma diagnosis. While recognizing the theranostic potential of DOTAGA-IAC for αVβ3 integrin-expressing tumors, further clinical investigations are warranted to comprehensively assess therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somit Pandey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Nivedita Rana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sejal Chopra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Imran Rather
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (P.G.I.M.E.R), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ishita Laroiya
- Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (P.G.I.M.E.R), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijayta D Chadha
- Center for Nuclear Medicine, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Stanley Satz
- Advanced Innovative Partners, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Tada T, Mizuno Y, Shibata Y, Yasui H, Kuge Y. Application of copper (I) selective ligands for PET imaging of reactive oxygen species through metabolic trapping. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 134-135:108914. [PMID: 38733873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are attractive targets for clinical PET imaging. In this study, we hypothesized that PET imaging of ROS would be possible by using chelating ligands (L) that form stable complexes with copper (I) but not with copper (II), based on metabolic trapping. Namely, when [64Cu][CuI(L)2]+ is oxidized by ROS, the oxidized complex will release [64Cu]Cu2+. Then, the released [64Cu]Cu2+ will be trapped inside the cell, resulting in PET signal depending on the redox potential of ROS. To examine the potential of this novel molecular design for ROS imaging, we synthesized copper (I) complexes with bicinchoninic acid (BCA) disodium salt and bathocuproinedisulfonic acid (BCS) disodium salt and evaluated their reactivity with several kinds of ROS. In addition, the cellular uptake of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- and the stability of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- in a biological condition were also evaluated. METHODS [64Cu]Cu2+ was reduced to [64Cu]Cu+ by ascorbic acid and coordinated with BCA and BCS in the acetate buffer to synthesize [64Cu][CuI(BCA)2]3- and [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3-. The radiochemical yields were determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). After [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- was incubated with hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxide, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, the percentage of released [64Cu]Cu2+ from the parent complex was evaluated by TLC. HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were treated with 0.1 % Dimethyl sulfoxide (control), imidazole ketone erastin (IKE), or IKE + ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Then, the uptake of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- to HT-1080 cells in each group was evaluated as %Dose/mg protein. Lastly, [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- was incubated in human plasma, and its intact ratio was determined by TLC. RESULTS The radiochemical yield of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- (86 ± 1 %) was higher than that of [64Cu][CuI(BCA)2]3- (44 ± 3 %). [64Cu][CuI(BCA)2]3- was unstable and partially decomposed on TLC. After [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- was reacted with hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxide, and superoxide, 67 ± 2 %, 44 ± 13 %, and 22 ± 3 % of total radioactivity was detected as [64Cu]Cu2+, respectively. On the other hand, the reaction with hydrogen peroxide did not significantly increase the ratio of [64Cu]Cu2+ (4 ± 1 %). These results suggest that [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- could be used for detecting high-redox-potential ROS such as hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide with high selectivity. The cellular uptake values of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- in the control, IKE, and Fer-1 group were 42 ± 2, 54 ± 2, and 47 ± 5 %Dose/mg protein (n = 3), respectively, suggesting the ROS specific uptake of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3-. On the other hand, the intact ratio after the incubation of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- in human plasma was 9 ± 5 %. CONCLUSION PET imaging of ROS would be possible by using a copper (I) selective ligand, based on metabolic trapping. Although improvement of the membrane permeability and the stability of copper (I) complexes is required, the present results pave the way for the development of novel 64Cu-labeled complexes for PET imaging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Tada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuno
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan.
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
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Franchi S, Madabeni A, Tosato M, Gentile S, Asti M, Orian L, Di Marco V. Navigating through the coordination preferences of heavy alkaline earth metals: Laying the foundations for 223Ra- and 131/135mBa-based targeted alpha therapy and theranostics of cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112569. [PMID: 38701687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The clinical success of [223Ra]RaCl2 (Xofigo®) for the palliative treatment of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer has highlighted the therapeutic potential of α-particle emission. Expanding the applicability of radium-223 in Targeted Alpha Therapy of non-osseous tumors is followed up with significant interest, as it holds the potential to unveil novel treatment options in the comprehensive management of cancer. Moreover, the use of barium radionuclides, like barium-131 and -135m, is still unfamiliar in nuclear medicine applications, although they can be considered as radium-223 surrogates for imaging purposes. Enabling these applications requires the establishment of chelators able to form stable complexes with radium and barium radionuclides. Until now, only a limited number of ligands have been suggested and these molecules have been primarily inspired by existing structures known for their ability to complex large metal cations. However, a systematic inspection of chelators specifically tailored to Ra2+ and Ba2+ has yet to be conducted. This work delves into a comprehensive investigation of a series of small organic ligands, aiming to unveil the coordination preferences of both radium-223 and barium-131/135m. Electronic binding energies of both metal cations to each ligand were theoretically computed via Density Functional Theory calculations (COSMO-ZORA-PBE-D3/TZ2P), while thermodynamic stability constants were experimentally determined for Ba2+-ligand complexes by potentiometry, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The outcomes revealed malonate, 2-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide and picolinate as the most favorable building blocks to design multidentate chelators. These findings serve as foundation guidelines, propelling the development of cutting-edge radium-223- and barium-131/135m-based radiopharmaceuticals for Targeted Alpha Therapy and theranostics of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Madabeni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Gentile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; National Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Laboratories of Legnaro (INFN-LNL), 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Wang R, Jin W, Luo Y, Hong H, Zhao R, Li L, Yan L, Qiao J, Ploessl K, Zhu L, Kung HF. Novel [ 68Ga/ 177Lu]Ga/Lu-AZ-093 as PSMA-Targeting Agent for Diagnosis and Radiotherapy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3256-3267. [PMID: 38856975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpressed in prostate cancer cells can serve as a target for imaging and radioligand therapy (RLT). Previously, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093, containing a Ga(III) chelator, N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED-CC), displayed excellent PSMA-targeting properties and showed a high tumor uptake and retention useful for diagnosis in prostate cancer patients. Recently, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 has been approved by the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Derivatives of PSMA-093 using AAZTA (6-amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepinetetraacetic acid), as the chelator, were designed as alternative agents forming complexes with both diagnostic and therapeutic radiometals, such as gallium-68 (log K = 22.18) or lutetium-177 (log K = 21.85). The aim of this study is to evaluate AAZTA-Gly-O-(methylcarboxy)-Tyr-Phe-Lys-NH-CO-NH-Glu (designated as AZ-093, 1) leading to a gallium-68/lutetium-177 theranostic pair as potential PSMA targeting agents. Synthesis of the desired precursor, AZ-093, 1, was effectively accomplished. Labeling with either [68Ga]GaCl3 or [177Lu]LuCl3 in a sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 4-5) at 50 °C in 5 to 15 min produced either [68Ga]Ga-1 or [177Lu]Lu-1 with high yields and excellent radiochemical purities. Results of in vitro binding studies, cell uptake, and retention (using PSMA-positive prostate carcinoma cells line, 22Rv1-FOLH1-oe) were comparable to that of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, respectively. Specific cellular uptake was determined with or without the competitive blocking agent (2 μM of "cold" PSMA-11). Cellular binding and internalization showed a time-dependent increase over 2 h at 37 °C in the PSMA-positive cells. The cell uptakes were completely blocked by the "cold" PSMA-11 suggesting that they are competing for the same PSMA binding sites. In the mouse model with implanted PSMA-positive tumor cells, both [68Ga]Ga-1 and [177Lu]Lu-1 displayed excellent uptake and retention in the tumor. Results indicate that [68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-1 (68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-AZ-093) is potentially useful as PSMA-targeting agent for both diagnosis and radiotherapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wenbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Svítok A, Blahut J, Urbanovský P, Hermann P. Dynamics of Coordinated Phosphonate Group Directly Observed by 17O-NMR in Lanthanide(iii) Complexes of a Mono(ethyl phosphonate) DOTA Analogue. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400970. [PMID: 38624256 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Biological phosphates can coordinate metal ions and their complexes are common in living systems. Dynamics of mutual oxygen atom exchange in the tetrahedral group in complexes has not been investigated. Here, we present a direct experimental proof of exchange ("phosphonate rotation") in model Ln(III) complexes of monophosphonate H4dota analogue which alters phosphorus atom chirality of coordinated phosphonate monoester. Combination of macrocycle-based isomerism with P-based chirality leads to several diastereoisomers. (Non)-coordinated oxygen atoms were distinguished through 17O-labelled phosphonate group and their mutual exchange was followed by various NMR techniques and DFT calculations. The process is sterically demanding and occurs through bulky bidentate (κ2-PO2)- coordination and was observed only in twisted-square antiprism (TSA) diastereoisomer of large Ln(III) ions. Its energy demands increase for smaller Ln(III) ions (298ΔG≠(exp./DFT)=51.8/52.1 and 61.0/71.5 kJ mol-1 for La(III) and Eu(III), respectively). These results are helpful in design of such complexes as MRI CA and for protein paramagnetic NMR probes. It demonstrates usefulness of 17O NMR to study solution dynamics in complexes involving phosphorus acid derivatives and it may inspire use of this method to study dynamics of phosphoric acid derivatives (as e. g. phosphorus acid-based inhibitors of metalloenzymes) in different areas of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Svítok
- Department Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Blahut
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Urbanovský
- Department Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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10
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Hojorat M, Pineau J, Driver CHS, Esteban-Gómez D, Cordier M, Zeevaart JR, Platas-Iglesias C, Lima LMP, Le Bris N, Tripier R. Relevance of Oxocyclam from Palladium(II) Coordination to Radiopharmaceutical Development. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11884-11896. [PMID: 38861670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive study of the coordination of oxocyclam with palladium(II), including presentation of a novel bifunctional analogue, p-H2N-Bn-oxocyclam, bearing an aniline pendant. The complexation of palladium(II) with oxocyclam was examined by various techniques, including NMR analysis and potentiometric titrations which revealed that the Pd(II) complex can adopt different configurations such as trans-I and trans-III. In addition, oxocyclam forms a thermodynamically stable palladium(II) complex, the stabilization being attributed to the deprotonation of the amide function. The crystal structures of [Pd(H-1oxocyclam)]+ and [Pd(oxocyclam)]2+ were obtained, revealing the structural details previously anticipated, including, in the second case, the presence of the proton on the carbonyl oxygen atom. Additionally, the study explored the redox behavior of the Pd(II)-oxocyclam complex through reduction and oxidation voltammograms at different pH values. Successful 109Pd-labeling of oxocyclam and p-H2N-Bn-oxocyclam at pH 3.5 demonstrated high labeling efficiencies, whatever the species formed. The stability of the radiocomplexes was assessed and moderate transchelation toward EDTA was observed. Overall, oxocyclam displayed favorable properties for Pd(II) coordination and radiolabeling, suggesting its potential as a chelating agent for this metal in palladium-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Hojorat
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Julie Pineau
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Cathryn H S Driver
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, Pretoria 0240, North West, South Africa
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marie Cordier
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, Pretoria 0240, North West, South Africa
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luís M P Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Le Bris
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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11
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Lapi SE, Scott PJH, Scott AM, Windhorst AD, Zeglis BM, Abdel-Wahab M, Baum RP, Buatti JM, Giammarile F, Kiess AP, Jalilian A, Knoll P, Korde A, Kunikowska J, Lee ST, Paez D, Urbain JL, Zhang J, Lewis JS. Recent advances and impending challenges for the radiopharmaceutical sciences in oncology. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:e236-e249. [PMID: 38821098 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper is the first of a Series on theranostics that summarises the current landscape of the radiopharmaceutical sciences as they pertain to oncology. In this Series paper, we describe exciting developments in radiochemistry and the production of radionuclides, the development and translation of theranostics, and the application of artificial intelligence to our field. These developments are catalysing growth in the use of radiopharmaceuticals to the benefit of patients worldwide. We also highlight some of the key issues to be addressed in the coming years to realise the full potential of radiopharmaceuticals to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Lapi
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - May Abdel-Wahab
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard P Baum
- Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik (DKD Helios Klinik) Wiesbaden, Curanosticum MVZ Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Germany
| | - John M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Francesco Giammarile
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria; Centre Leon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ana P Kiess
- Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amirreza Jalilian
- Radiochemistry and Radiotechnology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Knoll
- Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aruna Korde
- Radiochemistry and Radiotechnology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kunikowska
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sze Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana Paez
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Luc Urbain
- Department of Radiology-Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA.
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12
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Maitz CA, Bryan JN. The role of companion animal models in radiopharmaceutical development and translation. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:165-173. [PMID: 38439693 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in molecular imaging and drug targeting have created a renaissance in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for therapy and theranostics. While some radiopharmaceuticals, such as Na[131I]I, have been used clinically for decades, new agents are being approved using small-molecules, peptides, and antibodies for targeting. As these agents are being developed, the need to understand dosimetry and biologic effects of the systemically delivered radiotherapy becomes more important, particularly as highly potent radiopharmaceuticals using targeted alpha therapy become clinically utilized. As the processes being targeted become more complex, and the radiobiology of different particulate radiation becomes more diverse, models that better recapitulate human cancer and geometry are necessary. Companion animals develop many of the same types of cancer, carrying many of the same genetic drivers as those seen in people, and the scale and geometry of tumours in dogs more closely mimics those in humans than murine tumour models. Key translational challenges in oncology, such as alterations in tumour microenvironment, hypoxia, heterogeneity, and geometry are addressed by companion animal models. This review paper will provide background on radiopharmaceutical targeting techniques, review the use of radiopharmaceuticals in companion animal oncology, and explore the translational value of treating these patients in terms of dosimetry, treatment outcomes, and normal tissue complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Maitz
- Comparative Oncology Radiobiology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Comparative Oncology Radiobiology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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13
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Santos L, Moreira JN, Abrunhosa A, Gomes C. Brain metastasis: An insight into novel molecular targets for theranostic approaches. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104377. [PMID: 38710296 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BrM) are common malignant lesions in the central nervous system, and pose a significant threat in advanced-stage malignancies due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Their distinct genomic profiles underscore the need for molecular profiling to tailor effective treatments. Recent advances in cancer biology have uncovered molecular drivers underlying tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This, coupled with the advances in molecular imaging technology and radiotracer synthesis, has paved the way for the development of innovative radiopharmaceuticals with enhanced specificity and affinity for BrM specific targets. Despite the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier to effective drug delivery, several radiolabeled compounds have shown promise in detecting and targeting BrM. This manuscript provides an overview of the recent advances in molecular biomarkers used in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in both clinical and preclinical settings. Additionally, it explores potential theranostic applications addressing the unique challenges posed by BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Santos
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS) and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology Consortium (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS) and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology Consortium (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal.
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14
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Harriswangler C, McNeil BL, Brandariz I, Valencia L, Esteban-Gómez D, Ramogida CF, Platas-Iglesias C. Incorporation of Carboxylate Pendant Arms into 18-Membered Macrocycles: Effects on [ nat/203Pb]Pb(II) Complexation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400434. [PMID: 38466910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation on the coordination chemistry of [nat/203Pb]Pb(II) with chelators H4PYTA and H4CHX-PYTA. These chelators belong to the family of ligands derived from the 18-membered macrocyclic backbone PYAN and present varying degrees of rigidity due to the presence of either ethyl or cyclohexyl spacers. A complete study of the stable Pb(II) complexes is carried out via NMR, X-Ray crystallography, stability constant determination and computational studies. While these studies indicated that Pb(II) complexation is achieved, and the thermodynamic stability of the resulting complexes is very high, a certain degree of fluxionality does exist in both cases. Nevertheless, radiolabeling studies were carried out using SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) compatible isotope lead-203 (203Pb, t1/2=51.9 h), and while both chelators complex the radioisotope, the incorporation of carboxylate pendant arms appears to be detrimental towards the stability of the complexes when compared to the previously described amide analogues. Additionally, incorporation of a cyclohexyl spacer does not improve the kinetic inertness of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Harriswangler
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Brooke L McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabel Brandariz
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
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15
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Shojaei M, Zhou Q, Palumbo G, Schaefer R, Kaskinoro J, Vehmaan-Kreula P, Bartenstein P, Brendel M, Edbauer D, Lindner S. Development and Preclinical Evaluation of a Copper-64-Labeled Antibody Targeting Glycine-Alanine Dipeptides for PET Imaging of C9orf72-Associated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Dementia. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1404-1414. [PMID: 38751620 PMCID: PMC11091963 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Aggregating poly(glycine-alanine) (poly-GA) is derived from the unconventional translation of the pathogenic intronic hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene, which is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Poly-GA accumulates predominantly in neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions unique to C9orf72 ALS/FTD patients. Poly-GA is, therefore, a promising target for PET/CT imaging of FTD/ALS to monitor disease progression and therapeutic interventions. A novel 64Cu-labeled anti-GA antibody (mAb1A12) targeting the poly-GA protein was developed and evaluated in a transgenic mouse model. It was obtained with high radiochemical purity (RCP), radiochemical yield (RCY), and specific activity, and showed high stability in vitro and ex vivo and specifically bound to poly-GA. The affinity of NODAGA-mAb1A12 for poly-GA was not affected by this modification. [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-mAb1A12 was injected into transgenic mice expressing GFP-(GA)175 in excitatory neurons driven by Camk2a-Cre and in control littermates. PET/CT imaging was performed at 2, 20, and 40 h post-injection (p.i.) and revealed a higher accumulation in the cortex in transgenic mice than in wild-type mice, as reflected by higher standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) using the cerebellum as the reference region. The organs were isolated for biodistribution and ex vivo autoradiography. Autoradiography revealed a higher cortex-to-cerebellum ratio in the transgenic mice than in the controls. Results from autoradiography were validated by immunohistochemistry and poly-GA immunoassays. Moreover, we confirmed antibody uptake in the CNS in a pharmacokinetic study of the perfused tissues. In summary, [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-mAb1A12 demonstrated favorable in vitro characteristics and an increased relative binding in poly-GA transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice in vivo. Our results with this first-in-class radiotracer suggested that targeting poly-GA is a promising approach for PET/CT imaging in FTD/ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Shojaei
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital,
LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Qihui Zhou
- German
Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanna Palumbo
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital,
LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schaefer
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital,
LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital,
LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich
Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital,
LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German
Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich
Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German
Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich
Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital,
LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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16
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Meher N, Ashley GW, Bobba KN, Wadhwa A, Bidkar AP, Dasari C, Mu C, Sankaranarayanan RA, Serrano JAC, Raveendran A, Bulkley DP, Aggarwal R, Greenland NY, Oskowitz A, Wilson DM, Seo Y, Santi DV, VanBrocklin HF, Flavell RR. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted StarPEG Nanocarrier for Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304618. [PMID: 38700450 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The tumor uptake of large non-targeted nanocarriers primarily occurs through passive extravasation, known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Prior studies demonstrated improved tumor uptake and retention of 4-arm 40 kDa star polyethylene glycol (StarPEG) polymers for cancer imaging by adding prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting small molecule ligands. To test PSMA-targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy, StarPEG nanodrugs with/without three copies of PSMA-targeting ligands, ACUPA, are designed and synthesized. For single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and therapy, each nanocarrier is labeled with 177Lu using DOTA radiometal chelator. The radiolabeled nanodrugs, [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1 and [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3, are evaluated in vitro and in vivo using PSMA+ PC3-Pip and/or PSMA- PC3-Flu cell lines, subcutaneous xenografts and disseminated metastatic models. The nanocarriers are efficiently radiolabeled with 177Lu with molar activities 10.8-15.8 MBq/nmol. Besides excellent in vitro PSMA binding affinity (kD = 51.7 nM), the targeted nanocarrier, [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3, demonstrated excellent in vivo SPECT imaging contrast with 21.3% ID/g PC3-Pip tumors uptake at 192 h. Single doses of 18.5 MBq [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3 showed complete resolution of the PC3-Pip xenografts observed up to 138 days. Along with PSMA-targeted excellent imaging contrast, these results demonstrated high treatment efficacy of [177Lu]PEG-(DOTA)1(ACUPA)3 for prostate cancer, with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | | | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Dasari
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0981, USA
| | - Changhua Mu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Juan A Camara Serrano
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Athira Raveendran
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David P Bulkley
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Nancy Y Greenland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158-2517, USA
| | - Adam Oskowitz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0981, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | | | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0957, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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17
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Ghosh S, Patra S, Younis MH, Chakraborty A, Guleria A, Gupta SK, Singh K, Rakhshit S, Chakraborty S, Cai W, Chakravarty R. Brachytherapy at the nanoscale with protein functionalized and intrinsically radiolabeled [ 169Yb]Yb 2O 3 nanoseeds. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1558-1573. [PMID: 38270686 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Classical brachytherapy of solid malignant tumors is an invasive procedure which often results in an uneven dose distribution, while requiring surgical removal of sealed radioactive seed sources after a certain period of time. To circumvent these issues, we report the synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled and gum Arabic glycoprotein functionalized [169Yb]Yb2O3 nanoseeds as a novel nanoscale brachytherapy agent, which could directly be administered via intratumoral injection for tumor therapy. METHODS 169Yb (T½ = 32 days) was produced by neutron irradiation of enriched (15.2% in 168Yb) Yb2O3 target in a nuclear reactor, radiochemically converted to [169Yb]YbCl3 and used for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis. Intrinsically radiolabeled NP were synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of Yb3+ ions in gum Arabic glycoprotein medium. In vivo SPECT/CT imaging, autoradiography, and biodistribution studies were performed after intratumoral injection of radiolabeled NP in B16F10 tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice. Systematic tumor regression studies and histopathological analyses were performed to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in the same mice model. RESULTS The nanoformulation was a clear solution having high colloidal and radiochemical stability. Uniform distribution and retention of the radiolabeled nanoformulation in the tumor mass were observed via SPECT/CT imaging and autoradiography studies. In a tumor regression study, tumor growth was significantly arrested with different doses of radiolabeled NP compared to the control and the best treatment effect was observed with ~ 27.8 MBq dose. In histopathological analysis, loss of mitotic cells was apparent in tumor tissue of treated groups, whereas no significant damage in kidney, lungs, and liver tissue morphology was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results hold promise for nanoscale brachytherapy to become a clinically practical treatment modality for unresectable solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Ghosh
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sourav Patra
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Muhsin H Younis
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Avik Chakraborty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Apurav Guleria
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Santosh K Gupta
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Khajan Singh
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sutapa Rakhshit
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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18
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Ondrák L, Ondrák Fialová K, Sakmár M, Vlk M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Kozempel J. Development of 225Ac/ 213Bi generator based on α-ZrP-PAN composite for targeted alpha therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 132-133:108909. [PMID: 38599144 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioligand therapy using alpha emitters has gained more and more prominence in the last decade. Despite continued efforts to identify new appropriate radionuclides, the combination of 225Ac/213Bi remains among the most promising. Bismuth-213 has been employed in clinical trials in combination with appropriate vectors to treat patients with various forms of cancer, such as leukaemia, bladder cancer, neuroendocrine tumours, melanomas, gliomas, or lymphomas. However, the half-life of 213Bi (T½ = 46 min) implies that its availability for clinical use is limited to hospitals possessing a 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator, which is still predominantly scarce. We investigated a new Ac/Bi generator system based on using the composite sorbent α-ZrP-PAN (zirconium(IV) phosphate as active component and polyacrylonitrile as matrix). The developed 225Ac/213Bi generator was subjected to long-term testing after its development. The elution profile was determined and the elution yield, the contamination of the eluate with the parent 225Ac and the contamination of the eluate with the column material were monitored over time. RESULTS The high activity (75 MBq of parent 225Ac) generator with a length of 75 mm and a diameter of 4 mm containing the composite sorbent α-ZrP-PAN with a particle size of 0.8 to 1.0 mm as the stationary phase, eluted with a mixture of 10 mM DTPA in 5 mM nitric acid, provided 213Bi with yields ranging from 77 % to 96 % in 2.8 mL of eluate, with parent 225Ac contamination in the order of 10-3 %, up to twenty days of use. CONCLUSION All the results of the monitored parameters indicate that the composite sorbent α-ZrP-PAN based separation system for the elution of 213Bi is a very promising and functional solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Ondrák
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 87/7, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Ondrák Fialová
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 87/7, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sakmár
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 87/7, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 87/7, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Ján Kozempel
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 87/7, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
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Suzuki H, Matsukawa M, Madokoro R, Terasaka Y, Kannaka K, Uehara T. Reduction of the hepatic radioactivity levels of [ 111In]In-DOTA-labeled antibodies via cleavage of a linkage metabolized in lysosomes. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 132-133:108910. [PMID: 38636351 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiolabeled antibodies are promising tools for cancer diagnosis using nuclear medicine. A DOTA-chelating system is useful for preparing immuno-positron emission tomography and immuno-single-photon emission computed tomography probes with various radiometals. Radiolabeled antibodies are generally metabolized in the reticuloendothelial system, producing radiometabolites after proteolysis in hepatic lysosomes. Because of the bulkiness and extremely high hydrophilicity of DOTA, radiometabolites containing a radiometal-DOTA complex typically exhibit high and persistent localization in hepatic lysosomes. Radioactivity in the liver impairs the accurate diagnosis of cancer surrounding the liver and liver metastasis, and a high tumor/liver ratio is desirable. In this study, we reduced the hepatic radioactivity of radiometal-labeled antibodies containing a DOTA-chelating system. A cleavable linkage was inserted to liberate the radiometabolite, which exhibited a short residence time in hepatocytes. METHODS Using indium-111 (111In)-labeled antibodies, we prepared 111In-labeled galactosyl-neoglycoalbumins (NGAs) because they are useful for evaluating the residence time of radiometabolites in the liver. An 111In-labeled NGA with a cleavable linkage ([111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-NGA) was administered to normal mice, and biodistribution studies and metabolic analyses of urinary and fecal samples were performed with comparison to an 111In-labeled NGA prepared by a conventional method ([111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-NGA). Then, 111In-labeled antibodies ([111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-IgG and [111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-IgG) were prepared using a procedure similar to that for 111In-labeled NGAs. In vitro plasma stability and biodistribution were investigated for both 111In-labeled antibodies in U87MG tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Through the liberation of radiometabolites including [111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-F, [111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-NGA was cleared more rapidly from the liver than [111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-NGA (4.07 ± 1.54%ID VS 71.68 ± 3.03%ID at 6 h postinjection). [111In]In-DO3AiBu-Bn-FGK-IgG exhibited lower tumor accumulation (8.83 ± 1.48%ID/g) but a significantly higher tumor/liver ratio (2.21 ± 0.53) than [111In]In-DOTA-Bn-SCN-IgG (11.65 ± 2.17%ID/g in the tumor and a tumor/liver ratio of 0.85 ± 0.18) at 72 h after injection. CONCLUSION A molecular design that reduces the high and persistent hepatic radioactivity of radiolabeled antibodies by liberating radiometabolites with a short hepatic residence time in lysosomes would be applicable for radiometal-labeled antibodies using a DOTA-chelating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Masato Matsukawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Rikako Madokoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yui Terasaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kento Kannaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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20
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Kirby A, Suchý M, Duan D, Bazett M, Kalyan S, Shuhendler AJ. Tracking the fate of bacteria-derived site-specific immunomodulators by positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 132-133:108908. [PMID: 38599145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Site-specific immunomodulators (SSIs) are a novel class of therapeutics made from inactivated bacterial species designed to regulate the innate immune system in targeted organs. QBECO is a gut-targeted SSI that is being advanced clinically to treat and/or prevent inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and serious infections of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and proximal organs, and QBKPN is a lung-targeted SSI that is in clinical development for the treatment and/or prevention of chronic inflammatory lung disease, lung cancers and respiratory tract infections. While these SSIs have demonstrated both safety and proof-of-concept in preclinical and clinical studies, detailed understanding of their trafficking and biodistribution is yet to be fully characterized. METHODS QBECO and QBKPN were radiolabeled with [89Zr] and injected subcutaneously into healthy mice. The mice underwent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging every day for eight days to track biodistribution of the SSIs. Tissue from the site of injection was collected and immunohistologically probed for immune cell infiltration. RESULTS Differential biodistribution of the two SSIs was seen, adhering to their site-specific targeting. QBKPN appeared to migrate from the site of injection (abdomen) to the cervical lymph nodes which are nearer to the respiratory tract and lungs. QBECO remained in the abdominal region, with lymphatic trafficking to the inguinal lymph nodes, which are nearer to GI-proximal tissues/organs. Immune infiltration at the site of injection comprised of neutrophils for both SSIs, and macrophages for only QBKPN. CONCLUSION Radiolabeling of SSIs allows for longitudinal in vivo imaging of biodistribution and trafficking. PET imaging revealed differential biodistribution of the SSIs based on the organotropism of the bacteria from which the SSI is derived. Trafficking from the site of injection to the targeted site is in part mediated via the lymphatics and involves macrophages and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Kirby
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mojmír Suchý
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Duan
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shirin Kalyan
- Qu Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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21
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Kanellopoulos P, Bezverkhniaia E, Abouzayed A, Rosenström U, Tolmachev V, Orlova A. Two Novel [ 68Ga]Ga-Labeled Radiotracers Based on Metabolically Stable [Sar 11]RM26 Antagonistic Peptide for Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of GRPR-Positive Prostate Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18608-18616. [PMID: 38680331 PMCID: PMC11044165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC-3) and can be used for diagnostic purposes. We herein present the design and preclinical evaluation of two novel NOTA/NODAGA-containing peptides suitable for labeling with the positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide Ga-68. These analogs are based on the previously reported GRPR-antagonist DOTAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26, developed for targeted radiotheraostic applications. Both NOTA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 and NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 were successfully labeled with Ga-68 and evaluated in vitro and in vivo using PC-3 cell models. Both, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 displayed high metal-chelate stability in phosphate buffered saline and against the EDTA-challenge. The two [68Ga]Ga-labeled conjugates demonstrated highly GRPR-mediated uptake in vitro and in vivo and exhibited a slow internalization over time, typical for radioantagonistis. The [natGa]Ga-loaded peptides displayed affinity in the low nanomole range for GRPR in competition binding experiments. The new radiotracers demonstrated biodistribution profiles suitable for diagnostic imaging shortly after administration with fast background clearance. Their high tumor uptake (13 ± 1 and 15 ± 3% IA/g for NOTA and NODAGA conjugates, respectively) and high tumor-to-blood ratios (60 ± 10 and 220 ± 70, respectively) 3 h pi renders them promising PET tracers for use in patients. Tumor-to-normal organ ratios were higher for [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 than for the NOTA-containing counterpart. The performance of the two radiopeptides was further supported with the PET/CT images. In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-PEG2-[Sar11]RM26 is a promising PET imaging tracer for visualization of GRPR-expressing lesions with high imaging contrast shortly after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayman Abouzayed
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
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22
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Le Roy MM, Claes S, Saffon-Merceron N, Schols D, Troadec T, Tripier R. Selective synthesis of an elusive C-functional bis-cyclam and study of its inhibition of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3059-3067. [PMID: 38545887 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the controlled synthesis of a rare example of C,C'-linked bis-cyclam architecture in mild conditions through the "bis-aminal" route previously used for the advantageous synthesis of cyclam, N- and C-functional cyclams and N,N'-bis-cyclams. Two synthetic pathways were explored with the smart design of α,β-unsaturated ketones or alkyl halides bis-cyclizing agents. The first led to the isolation of a key intermediate for the future design of N-functionalized bis-cyclams, whereas the second allowed the preparation of the targeted C,C'-xylylene-bis-cyclam under mild conditions with decent yield. This compound was then studied as a CXCR4 receptor inhibitor, one of the main applications known for bis-macrocyclic compounds, in particular in the context of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Although results demonstrated that its potency is lower (i.e. 137-fold higher IC50) than the gold standard AMD3100 against HIV infection, clear evidence of CXCR4 inhibition is presented, confirming the potential of this novel architecture and related compounds in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M Le Roy
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - Sandra Claes
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thibault Troadec
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France.
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Suzuki H, Kannaka K, Uehara T. Approaches to Reducing Normal Tissue Radiation from Radiolabeled Antibodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:508. [PMID: 38675468 PMCID: PMC11053530 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled antibodies are powerful tools for both imaging and therapy in the field of nuclear medicine. Radiolabeling methods that do not release radionuclides from parent antibodies are essential for radiolabeling antibodies, and practical radiolabeling protocols that provide high in vivo stability have been established for many radionuclides, with a few exceptions. However, several limitations remain, including undesirable side effects on the biodistribution profiles of antibodies. This review summarizes the numerous efforts made to tackle this problem and the recent advances, mainly in preclinical studies. These include pretargeting approaches, engineered antibody fragments and constructs, the secondary injection of clearing agents, and the insertion of metabolizable linkages. Finally, we discuss the potential of these approaches and their prospects for further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; (K.K.); (T.U.)
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24
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Obeid K, Kanellopoulos P, Abouzayed A, Mattsson A, Tolmachev V, Nock BA, Maina T, Orlova A. GRPR-Antagonists Carrying DOTAGA-Chelator via Positively Charged Linkers: Perspectives for Prostate Cancer Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:513. [PMID: 38675174 PMCID: PMC11054746 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-antagonists have served as motifs in the development of theranostic radioligands for prostate cancer. Our efforts have been focused on the development of radiolabeled RM26 (H-DPhe6-Gln7-Trp8-Ala9-Val10-Gly11-His12-Sta13-Leu14-NH2) analogs, such as [111In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26. We recently showed that its Gly11/Sar11-substituted version, [111In]In-AU-RM26-M1, resisted degradation by neprilysin (NEP) while in circulation and achieved higher tumor uptake in mice. We herein introduce the following three new AU-RM26-M1 mimics labeled with In-111, with basic residues in the linker: (i) AU-RM26-M2 (PEG2-Pip), (ii) AU-RM26-M3 (PEG2-Arg), and (iii) AU-RM26-M4 (Arg-Arg-Pip). These analogs were compared in PC-3 cells and animal models vs. AU-RM26-M1 (reference). The new analogs showed high affinity and specificity for the GRPR, exhibiting an uptake and distribution pattern in PC-3 cells typical for a radiolabeled GRPR-antagonist. They showed high stability in peripheral mice blood, except for [111In]In-AU-RM26-M3. AU-RM26-M4 achieved the highest tumor uptake and promising background clearance, followed by [111In]In-RM26-M2, showing lower background levels. These findings were confirmed for [111In]In-AU-RM26-M2 and [111In]In-AU-RM26-M4 by micro-SPECT/CT at 4 and 24 h post-injection. Hence, the type of positively charged residues in the linker of AU-RM26-M1 mimics strongly influenced biological behavior. The analogs with Pip next to DPhe6 demonstrated the best overall characteristics and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Obeid
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.); (P.K.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.); (P.K.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (B.A.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.); (P.K.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Adam Mattsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.); (P.K.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (B.A.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (B.A.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.O.); (P.K.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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Lin D, Lechermann LM, Huestis MP, Marik J, Sap JBI. Light-Driven Radiochemistry with Fluorine-18, Carbon-11 and Zirconium-89. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317136. [PMID: 38135665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses recent advances in light-driven radiochemistry for three key isotopes: fluorine-18, carbon-11, and zirconium-89, and their applications in positron emission tomography (PET). In the case of fluorine-18, the predominant approach involves the use of cyclotron-produced [18F]fluoride or reagents derived thereof. Light serves to activate either the substrate or the fluorine-18 labeled reagent. Advancements in carbon-11 photo-mediated radiochemistry have been leveraged for the radiolabeling of small molecules, achieving various transformations, including 11C-methylation, 11C-carboxylation, 11C-carbonylation, and 11C-cyanation. Contrastingly, zirconium-89 photo-mediated radiochemistry differs from fluorine-18 and carbon-11 approaches. In these cases, light facilitates a postlabeling click reaction, which has proven valuable for the labeling of large biomolecules such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). New technological developments, such as the incorporation of photoreactors in commercial radiosynthesizers, illustrate the commitment the field is making in embracing photochemistry. Taken together, these advances in photo-mediated radiochemistry enable radiochemists to apply new retrosynthetic strategies in accessing novel PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lin
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Current address: University of Southern California Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Laura M Lechermann
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Malcolm P Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jan Marik
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jeroen B I Sap
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Whetter JN, Śmiłowicz D, Boros E. Exploring Aqueous Coordination Chemistry of Highly Lewis Acidic Metals with Emerging Isotopes for Nuclear Medicine. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:933-944. [PMID: 38501206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine harnesses radioisotopes for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. While the isotopes 99mTc and 111In have enabled the clinical diagnosis of millions of patients over the past 3 decades, more recent clinical translation of numerous 68Ga/177Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging and therapy underscores the clinical utility of metal-based radiopharmaceuticals in mainstream cancer treatment. In addition to such established radionuclides, advancements in radioisotope production have enabled the production of radionuclides with a broad range of half-lives and emission properties of interest for nuclear medicine. Chemical means to form kinetically inert, in vivo-compatible species that can be modified with disease-targeting vectors is imperative. This presents a challenge for radiosiotopes of elements where the aqueous chemistry is still underdeveloped and poorly understood. Here, we discuss our efforts to date in exploring the aqueous, radioactive coordination chemistry of highly Lewis acidic metal ions and how our discoveries apply to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in preclinical models of disease. The scope of this Account includes approaches to aqueous coordination of to-date understudied highly Lewis acidic metal ions with radioisotopes of emerging interest and the modulation of well-understood coordination environments of radio-coordination complexes to induce metal-catalyzed reactivity for separation and pro-drug applications.First, we discuss the development of seven-coordinate, small-cavity macrocyclic chelator platform mpatcn/picaga as an exemplary case study, which forms robust complexes with 44Sc/47Sc isotopes. Due to the high chemical hardness and pronounced Lewis acidity of the Sc3+ ion, the displacement of ternary ligand H2O by 18/natF- can be achieved to form an inert Sc-18/natF bond. Corresponding coordination complex natSc-18F is in vivo compatible and forms a theranostic tetrad with corresponding 44Sc/47Sc, 177Lu complexes all exhibiting homologous biodistribution profiles. Another exceptionally hard, highly Lewis acidic ion with underdeveloped aqueous chemistry and emerging interest in nuclear medicine is 45Ti4+. To develop de novo approaches to the mononuclear chelation of this ion under aqueous conditions, we employed a fragment-based bidentate ligand screening approach which identified two leads. The screen successfully predicted the formation of [45Ti][Ti(TREN-CAM)], a Ti-triscatechol complex that exhibits remarkable in vivo stability. Furthermore, the fragment-based screen also identified approaches that enabled solid-phase separation of Ti4+ and Sc3+ of interest in streamlining the isotope production of 45Ti and accessing new ways to separate 44Ti/44Sc for the development of a long-lived generator system. In addition to establishing the inert chelation of Ti4+ and Sc3+, we introduce controlled, metal-induced reactivity of corresponding coordination complexes on macroscopic and radiotracer scales. Metal-mediated autolytic amide bond cleavage (MMAAC) enables the temperature-dependent release of high-molar-activity, ready-to-inject radiopharmaceuticals; cleavage is selectively triggered by coordinated trivalent Lewis acid nat/68Ga3+ or Sc3+. Following the scope of reactivity and mechanistic studies, we validated MMAAC for the synthesis of high-molar-activity radiopharmaceuticals to image molecular targets with low expression and metal-mediated prodrug hydrolysis in vivo.This Account summarizes how developing the aqueous coordination chemistry and tuning the chemical reactivity of metal ions with high Lewis acidity at the macroscopic and tracer scales directly apply to the radiopharmaceutical synthesis with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Whetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Jin W, Zhao R, Wang R, Choi SR, Ploessl K, Alexoff D, Wu Z, Zhu L, Kung HF. Theranostic Agent Targeting Bone Metastasis: A Novel [ 68Ga]Ga/[ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-HBED-bisphosphonate. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38450559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis in cancer patients is a major disease advancement for various types of cancer. Previously, [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-bisphosphonate ([68Ga]Ga-P15-041) showed excellent bone uptake and efficient detection of bone metastasis in patients. To accommodate different α- or β--emitting metals for radionuclide therapy, a novel DOTA-HBED-CC-bisphosphonate (P15-073, 1) was prepared and the corresponding [68Ga]Ga-1 and [177Lu]Lu-1 were successfully synthesized in high yields and purity. Gallium-68 conjugation to HBED-CC at room temperature and lutetium-177 conjugation to DOTA at 95 °C were verified in model compounds through secondary mass confirmation. These bisphosphonates, [68Ga]Ga-1 and [177Lu]Lu-1, displayed high binding affinity to hydroxyapatite in vitro. After an iv injection, it showed excellent uptake in the spine of normal mice, and micro-PET/CT imaging of nude mice model of bone metastasis showed high bone uptake in tumor tissue. The results indicated that [68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-1 holds promise as a theranostic radioligand agent for managing cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jin
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zehui Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Palma E, Santos JF, Fernandes C, Paulo A. DNA-Targeted Complexes of Tc and Re for Biomedical Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303591. [PMID: 38038361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to their favorable chemical features, Re and Tc complexes have been widely used for the development of new therapeutic agents and imaging probes to solve problems of biomedical relevance. This review provides an update of the most relevant research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using Re and Tc-based compounds interacting with specific DNA structures. This includes a variety of homometallic complexes, namely those containing M(CO)3 (M=Re, Tc) moieties, that exhibit different modes of interaction with DNA, such as covalent binding, intercalation, groove binding or G-quadruplex DNA binding. Additionally, heterometallic complexes, designed to potentiate synergistic effects of different metal centers to improve DNA-targeting, cytotoxicity and fluorescence properties, are also reviewed. Particular attention is also given to 99m Tc- and 188 Re-labeled oligonucleotides that have been widely explored to develop imaging and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals through the in vivo hybridization with a specific complementary DNA or RNA target sequence to provide useful molecular tools in precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the need for further improvement of DNA-targeted Re and Tc-based compounds as potential therapeutic and diagnostic agents is highlighted, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palma
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Santos
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Krutzek F, Donat CK, Stadlbauer S. Chelator impact: investigating the pharmacokinetic behavior of copper-64 labeled PD-L1 radioligands. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:14. [PMID: 38372838 PMCID: PMC10876507 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a critical role in the tumor microenvironment and overexpression in several solid cancers has been reported. This was associated with a downregulation of the local immune response, specifically of T-cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed a potential to break this localized immune paralysis, but only 30% of patients are considered responders. New diagnostic approaches are therefore needed to determine patient eligibility. Small molecule radiotracers targeting PD-L1, may serve as such diagnostic tools, addressing the heterogeneous PD-L1 expression between and within tumor lesions, thus aiding in therapy decisions. RESULTS Four biphenyl-based small-molecule PD-L1 ligands were synthesized using a convergent synthetic route with a linear sequence of up to eleven steps. As a chelator NODA-GA, CB-TE2A or DiAmSar was used to allow radiolabeling with copper-64 ([64Cu]Cu-14-[64Cu]Cu-16). In addition, a dimeric structure based on DiAmSar was synthesized ([64Cu]Cu-17). All four radioligands exhibited high proteolytic stability (> 95%) up to 48 h post-radiolabeling. Saturation binding yielded moderate affinities toward PD-L1, ranging from 100 to 265 nM. Real-time radioligand binding provided more promising KD values around 20 nM for [64Cu]Cu-14 and [64Cu]Cu-15. In vivo PET imaging in mice bearing both PC3 PD-L1 overexpressing and PD-L1-mock tumors was performed at 0-2, 4-5 and 24-25 h post injection (p.i.). This revealed considerably different pharmacokinetic profiles, depending on the substituted chelator. [64Cu]Cu-14, substituted with NODA-GA, showed renal clearance with low liver uptake, whereas substitution with the cross-bridged cyclam chelator CB-TE2A resulted in a primarily hepatobiliary clearance. Notably, the monomeric DiAmSar radioligand [64Cu]Cu-16 demonstrated a higher liver uptake than [64Cu]Cu-15, but was still renally cleared as evidenced by the lack of uptake in gall bladder and intestines. The dimeric structure [64Cu]Cu-17 showed extensive accumulation and trapping in the liver but was also cleared via the renal pathway. Of all tracer candidates and across all timepoints, [64Cu]Cu-17 showed the highest accumulation at 24 h p.i. in the PD-L1-overexpressing tumor of all timepoints and all radiotracers, indicating drastically increased circulation time upon dimerization of two PD-L1 binding motifs. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that chelator choice significantly influences the pharmacokinetic profile of biphenyl-based small molecule PD-L1 radioligands. The NODA-GA-conjugated radioligand [64Cu]Cu-14 exhibited favorable renal clearance; however, the limited uptake in tumors suggests the need for structural modifications to the binding motif for future PD-L1 radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Krutzek
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelius K Donat
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Privat M, Massot A, Hermetet F, Al Sabea H, Racoeur C, Mabrouk N, Cordonnier M, Moreau M, Collin B, Bettaieb A, Denat F, Bodio E, Bellaye PS, Goze C, Paul C. Development of an Immuno-SPECT/Fluorescent Bimodal Tracer Targeting Human or Murine PD-L1 on Preclinical Models. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2188-2201. [PMID: 38270503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers to diagnose, treat, and predict the efficacy of cancer therapies is a major clinical challenge. Currently, biomarkers such as PD-L1 are commonly detected from biopsies, but this approach does not take into account the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of their expression in tumors. A solution consists in conjugating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting these biomarkers with multimodal imaging probes. In this study, a bimodal [111In]-DOTA-aza-BODIPY probe emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) was grafted onto mAbs targeting murine or human PD-L1 either in a site-specific or random manner. In vitro, these bimodal mAbs showed a good stability and affinity for PD-L1. In vivo, they targeted specifically PD-L1 and were detected by both fluorescence and SPECT imaging. A significant benefit of site-specific conjugation on glycans was observed compared to random conjugation on lysine. The potential of this bimodal agent was also highlighted, thanks to a proof of concept of fluorescence-guided surgery in a human PD-L1+ tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malorie Privat
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Massot
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - François Hermetet
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Label Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France
- CRIGEN, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hassan Al Sabea
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Marine Cordonnier
- INSERM, UMR 1231, Label Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
- Centre Régional De Lutte Contre Le Cancer Georges-François Leclerc C.G.F.L, plateforme d'imagerie et de radiothérapie précliniques, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Franck Denat
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Ewen Bodio
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Centre Régional De Lutte Contre Le Cancer Georges-François Leclerc C.G.F.L, plateforme d'imagerie et de radiothérapie précliniques, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Goze
- ICMUB, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France
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Randhawa P, Carbo-Bague I, Davey PRWJ, Chen S, Merkens H, Uribe CF, Zhang C, Tosato M, Bénard F, Radchenko V, Ramogida CF. Exploration of commercial cyclen-based chelators for mercury-197 m/g incorporation into theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. Front Chem 2024; 12:1292566. [PMID: 38389726 PMCID: PMC10881723 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1292566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the Hg2+ coordination chemistry and 197m/gHg radiolabeling capabilities of cyclen-based commercial chelators, namely, DOTA and DOTAM (aka TCMC), along with their bifunctional counterparts, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and p-SCN-Bn-TCMC, was conducted to assess the suitability of these frameworks as bifunctional chelators for the 197m/gHg2+ theranostic pair. Radiolabeling studies revealed that TCMC and DOTA exhibited low radiochemical yields (0%-6%), even when subjected to harsh conditions (80°C) and high ligand concentrations (10-4 M). In contrast, p-SCN-Bn-TCMC and p-SCN-Bn-DOTA demonstrated significantly higher 197m/gHg radiochemical yields (100% ± 0.0% and 70.9% ± 1.1%, respectively) under the same conditions. The [197 m/gHg]Hg-p-SCN-Bn-TCMC complex was kinetically inert when challenged against human serum and glutathione. To understand the differences in labeling between the commercial chelators and their bifunctional counterparts, non-radioactive natHg2+ complexes were assessed using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The NMR spectra of Hg-TCMC and Hg-p-SCN-Bn-TCMC suggested binding of the Hg2+ ion through the cyclen backbone framework. DFT studies indicated that binding of the Hg2+ ion within the backbone forms a thermodynamically stable product. However, competition can form between isothiocyanate binding and binding through the macrocycle, which was experimentally observed. The isothiocyanate bound coordination product was dominant at the radiochemical scale as, in comparison, the macrocycle bound product was seen at the NMR scale, agreeing with the DFT result. Furthermore, a bioconjugate of TCMC (TCMC-PSMA) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen was synthesized and radiolabeled, resulting in an apparent molar activity of 0.089 MBq/nmol. However, the complex demonstrated significant degradation over 24 h when exposed to human serum and glutathione. Subsequently, cell binding assays were conducted, revealing a Ki value ranging from 19.0 to 19.6 nM. This research provides crucial insight into the effectiveness of current commercial chelators in the context of 197m/gHg2+ radiolabeling. It underscores the necessity for the development of specific and customized chelators to these unique "soft" radiometals to advance 197m/gHg2+ radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Imma Carbo-Bague
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick R W J Davey
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carlos F Uribe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Hooijman EL, Radchenko V, Ling SW, Konijnenberg M, Brabander T, Koolen SLW, de Blois E. Implementing Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals: practical considerations and (pre-)clinical perspectives. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38319526 PMCID: PMC10847084 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past years, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding targeted alpha therapy using Ac-225, driven by the observed promising clinical anti-tumor effects. As the production and technology has advanced, the availability of Ac-225 is expected to increase in the near future, making the treatment available to patients worldwide. MAIN BODY Ac-225 can be labelled to different biological vectors, whereby the success of developing a radiopharmaceutical depends heavily on the labelling conditions, purity of the radionuclide source, chelator, and type of quenchers used to avoid radiolysis. Multiple (methodological) challenges need to be overcome when working with Ac-225; as alpha-emission detection is time consuming and highly geometry dependent, a gamma co-emission is used, but has to be in equilibrium with the mother-nuclide. Because of the high impact of alpha emitters in vivo it is highly recommended to cross-calibrate the Ac-225 measurements for used quality control (QC) techniques (radio-TLC, HPLC, HP-Ge detector, and gamma counter). More strict health physics regulations apply, as Ac-225 has a high toxicity, thereby limiting practical handling and quantities used for QC analysis. CONCLUSION This overview focuses specifically on the practical and methodological challenges when working with Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals, and underlines the required infrastructure and (detection) methods for the (pre-)clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline L Hooijman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sui Wai Ling
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brabander
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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White FD, Thiele NA, Simms ME, Cary SK. Structure and bonding of a radium coordination compound in the solid state. Nat Chem 2024; 16:168-172. [PMID: 37945833 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The structure and bonding of radium (Ra) is poorly understood because of challenges arising from its scarcity and radioactivity. Here we report the synthesis of a molecular Ra2+ complex using 226Ra and the organic ligand dibenzo-30-crown-10, and its characterization in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of the Ra2+ complex shows an 11-coordinate arrangement comprising the 10 donor O atoms of dibenzo-30-crown-10 and that of a bound water molecule. Under identical crystallization conditions, barium (Ba2+) yielded a 10-coordinate 'Pac-Man'-shaped structure lacking water. Furthermore, the bond distance between the Ra centre and the O atom of the coordinated water is substantially longer than would be predicted from the ionic radius of Ra2+ and by analogy with Ba2+, supporting greater water lability in Ra2+ complexes than in their Ba2+ counterparts. Barium often serves as a non-radioactive surrogate for radium, but our findings show that Ra2+ chemistry cannot always be predicted using Ba2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie D White
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Nikki A Thiele
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Megan E Simms
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Samantha K Cary
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Tosato M, Randhawa P, Lazzari L, McNeil BL, Dalla Tiezza M, Zanoni G, Mancin F, Orian L, Ramogida CF, Di Marco V. Tuning the Softness of the Pendant Arms and the Polyazamacrocyclic Backbone to Chelate the 203Pb/ 212Pb Theranostic Pair. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1745-1758. [PMID: 38230993 PMCID: PMC10828988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A series of macrocyclic ligands were considered for the chelation of Pb2+: 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-10-acetamido-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3SAm), 1,7-bis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,10-diacetic acid (DO2A2S), 1,5,9-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (TACD3S), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclotridecane (TRI4S), and 1,4,8,11-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane (TE4S). The equilibrium, the acid-mediated dissociation kinetics, and the structural properties of the Pb2+ complexes formed by these chelators were examined by UV-Visible and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, combined with potentiometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The obtained results indicated that DO4S, DO3S, DO3SAm, and DO2A2S were able to efficiently chelate Pb2+ and that the most suitable macrocyclic scaffold for Pb2+ is 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane. NMR spectroscopy gave insights into the solution structures of the Pb2+ complexes, and 1H-207Pb interactions confirmed the involvement of S and/or O donors in the metal coordination sphere. Highly fluxional solution behavior was discovered when Pb2+ was coordinated to symmetric ligands (i.e., DO4S and DO2A2S) while the introduction of structural asymmetry in DO3S and DO3SAm slowed down the intramolecular dynamics. The ligand ability to chelate [203Pb]Pb2+ under highly dilute reaction conditions was explored through radiolabeling experiments. While DO4S and DO3S possessed modest performance, DO3SAm and DO2A2S demonstrated high complexation efficiency under mild reaction conditions (pH = 7, 5 min reaction time). The [203Pb]Pb2+ complexes' integrity in human serum over 24 h was appreciably good for [203Pb][Pb(DO4S)]2+ (80 ± 5%) and excellent for [203Pb][Pb(DO3SAm)]2+ (93 ± 1%) and [203Pb][Pb(DO2A2S)] (94 ± 1%). These results reveal the promise of DO2A2S and DO3SAm as chelators in cutting-edge theranostic [203/212Pb]Pb2+ radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Radiopharmaceutical
Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Life
Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Life
Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Luca Lazzari
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Brooke L. McNeil
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Life
Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giordano Zanoni
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina F. Ramogida
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Life
Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Ghosh S, Lee SJ, Hsu JC, Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Cai W. Cancer Brachytherapy at the Nanoscale: An Emerging Paradigm. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:4-26. [PMID: 38274040 PMCID: PMC10806911 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brachytherapy is an established treatment modality that has been globally utilized for the therapy of malignant solid tumors. However, classic therapeutic sealed sources used in brachytherapy must be surgically implanted directly into the tumor site and removed after the requisite period of treatment. In order to avoid the trauma involved in the surgical procedures and prevent undesirable radioactive distribution at the cancerous site, well-dispersed radiolabeled nanomaterials are now being explored for brachytherapy applications. This emerging field has been coined "nanoscale brachytherapy". Despite present-day advancements, an ongoing challenge is obtaining an advanced, functional nanomaterial that concurrently incorporates features of high radiolabeling yield, short labeling time, good radiolabeling stability, and long tumor retention time without leakage of radioactivity to the nontargeted organs. Further, attachment of suitable targeting ligands to the nanoplatforms would widen the nanoscale brachytherapy approach to tumors expressing various phenotypes. Molecular imaging using radiolabeled nanoplatforms enables noninvasive visualization of cellular functions and biological processes in vivo. In vivo imaging also aids in visualizing the localization and retention of the radiolabeled nanoplatforms at the tumor site for the requisite time period to render safe and effective therapy. Herein, we review the advancements over the last several years in the synthesis and use of functionalized radiolabeled nanoplatforms as a noninvasive substitute to standard brachytherapy sources. The limitations of present-day brachytherapy sealed sources are analyzed, while highlighting the advantages of using radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose. The recent progress in the development of different radiolabeling methods, delivery techniques and nanoparticle internalization mechanisms are discussed. The preclinical studies performed to date are summarized with an emphasis on the current challenges toward the future translation of nanoscale brachytherapy in routine clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Ghosh
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sophia J. Lee
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Zubenko AD, Shchukina AA, Chernikova EY, Egorova BV, Ikonnikova IS, Priselkova AB, Larenkov AA, Bubenshchikov VB, Mitrofanov AA, Fedorov YV, Fedorova OA. Synthesis of new acyclic chelators H4aPyta and H6aPyha and their complexes with Cu 2+, Ga 3+, Y 3+, and Bi 3. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1141-1155. [PMID: 38105658 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present the synthesis and characterization of new acyclic pyridine-containing polyaminocarboxylate ligands H4aPyta and H6aPyha, which differ in structural rigidity and the number of chelating groups. Their abilities to form complexes with Cu2+, Ga3+, Y3+, and Bi3+ cations, as well as the stability of the complexes, were evaluated by potentiometric titration method, radiolabeling with the corresponding radionuclides, in vitro studies, mass spectrometry, and HPLC. The structures of the resulting complexes were determined using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the influence of the structural features of the complexes on their stability. The developed chelators H4aPyta and H6aPyha were proved to be promising for further research in the field of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia D Zubenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 St. Vavilova, 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Anna A Shchukina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 St. Vavilova, 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina Y Chernikova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 St. Vavilova, 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Bayirta V Egorova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina S Ikonnikova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna B Priselkova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anton A Larenkov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Zhivopisnaya Str., Bld. 46, 123098 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor B Bubenshchikov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Zhivopisnaya Str., Bld. 46, 123098 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem A Mitrofanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Fedorov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 St. Vavilova, 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Olga A Fedorova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 St. Vavilova, 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Miederer M, Benešová-Schäfer M, Mamat C, Kästner D, Pretze M, Michler E, Brogsitter C, Kotzerke J, Kopka K, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:76. [PMID: 38256909 PMCID: PMC10821197 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of radionuclides for targeted endoradiotherapy is a rapidly growing field in oncology. In particular, the focus on the biological effects of different radiation qualities is an important factor in understanding and implementing new therapies. Together with the combined approach of imaging and therapy, therapeutic nuclear medicine has recently made great progress. A particular area of research is the use of alpha-emitting radionuclides, which have unique physical properties associated with outstanding advantages, e.g., for single tumor cell targeting. Here, recent results and open questions regarding the production of alpha-emitting isotopes as well as their chemical combination with carrier molecules and clinical experience from compassionate use reports and clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Miederer
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Benešová-Schäfer
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kästner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Marc Pretze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Enrico Michler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Brogsitter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Michael R. McDevitt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Omweri JM, Tekin V, Saini S, Houson HA, Jayawardana SB, Decato DA, Wijeratne GB, Lapi SE. Chelation chemistry of manganese-52 for PET imaging applications. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 128-129:108874. [PMID: 38154167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its decay and chemical properties, interest in manganese-52 has increased for development of long-lived PET radiopharmaceuticals. Its long half-life of 5.6 days, low average positron energy (242 keV), and sufficient positron decay branching ratio make it suitable for radiolabeling macromolecules for investigating slow biological processes. This work aims to establish suitable chelators for manganese-52 that can be radiolabeled at mild conditions through the evaluation of commercially available chelators. METHODS Manganese-52 was produced through the nuclear reaction NatCr(p,n)52Mn by irradiation of natural chromium targets on a TR24 cyclotron followed by purification through ion exchange chromatography. The radiolabeling efficiencies of chelators: DOTA, DiAmsar, TETA, DO3A, NOTA, 4'-Formylbenzo-15-crown-5, Oxo-DO3A, and DFO, were assessed by investigating the impact of pH, buffer type, and temperature. In vitro stability of [52Mn]Mn(DO3A)-, [52Mn]Mn(Oxo-DO3A)-, and [52Mn]Mn(DOTA)2- were evaluated in mouse serum. The radiocomplexes were also evaluated in vivo in mice. Crystals of [Mn(Oxo-DO3A)]- were synthesized by reacting Oxo-DO3A with MnCl2 and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. RESULTS Yields of 185 ± 19 MBq (5.0 ± 0.5 mCi) (n = 4) of manganese-52 were produced at the end of a 4 h, 15 μA, bombardment with 12.5 MeV protons. NOTA, DO3A, DOTA, and Oxo-DO3A chelators were readily radiolabeled with >96 % radiochemical purity at all conditions. Manganese radiocomplexes of Oxo-DO3A, DOTA, and DO3A remained stable in vitro up to 5 days and exhibited different biodistribution profiles compared to [52Mn]MnCl2. The solid-state structure of Mn-Oxo-DO3A complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. CONCLUSIONS DO3A and Oxo-DO3A are suitable chelators for manganese-52 which are readily radiolabeled at mild conditions with high molar activity, and demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Omweri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Samith B Jayawardana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Daniel A Decato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, MT 59812, USA
| | - Gayan B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Archibald SJ, Holland JP, Korde A, Martins AF, Shuhendler AJ, Scott PJH. Combining Nuclear Medicine With Other Modalities: Future Prospect for Multimodality Imaging. Mol Imaging 2024; 23:15353508241245265. [PMID: 38952398 PMCID: PMC11208883 DOI: 10.1177/15353508241245265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This meeting report summarizes a consultants meeting that was held at International Atomic Energy Agency Headquarters, Vienna, in July 2022 to provide an update on the development of multimodality imaging by combining nuclear medicine imaging agents with other nonradioactive molecular probes and/or biomedical imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason P. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aruna Korde
- Radioisotope Products and Radiation Technology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andre F. Martins
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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40
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Ramogida C, Price E. Transition and Post-Transition Radiometals for PET Imaging and Radiotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:65-101. [PMID: 38006492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiometals are an exciting class of radionuclides because of the large number of metallic elements available that have medically useful isotopes. To properly harness radiometals, they must be securely bound by chelators, which must be carefully matched to the radiometal ion to maximize radiolabeling performance and the stability of the resulting complex. This chapter focuses on practical aspects of radiometallation chemistry including chelator selection, radiolabeling procedures and conditions, radiolysis prevention, purification, quality control, requisite equipment and reagents, and useful tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Eric Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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41
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Kostova I. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents based on Bioactive Endogenous and Exogenous Coordination Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:358-386. [PMID: 36944628 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230321110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based coordination compounds have very special place in bioinorganic chemistry because of their different structural arrangements and significant application in medicine. Rapid progress in this field increasingly enables the targeted design and synthesis of metal-based pharmaceutical agents that fulfill valuable roles as diagnostic or therapeutic agents. Various coordination compounds have important biological functions, both those initially present in the body (endogenous) and those entering the organisms from the external environment (exogenous): vitamins, drugs, toxic substances, etc. In the therapeutic and diagnostic practice, both the essential for all living organisms and the trace metals are used in metal-containing coordination compounds. In the current review, the most important functional biologically active compounds were classified group by group according to the position of the elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav St., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
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42
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Souche C, Fouillet J, Rubira L, Donzé C, Deshayes E, Fersing C. Bisphosphonates as Radiopharmaceuticals: Spotlight on the Development and Clinical Use of DOTAZOL in Diagnostics and Palliative Radionuclide Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:462. [PMID: 38203632 PMCID: PMC10779041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are therapeutic agents that have been used for almost five decades in the treatment of various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, Paget disease and prevention of osseous complications in cancer patients. In nuclear medicine, simple bisphosphonates such as 99mTc-radiolabelled oxidronate and medronate remain first-line bone scintigraphic imaging agents for both oncology and non-oncology indications. In line with the growing interest in theranostic molecules, bifunctional bisphosphonates bearing a chelating moiety capable of complexing a variety of radiometals were designed. Among them, DOTA-conjugated zoledronate (DOTAZOL) emerged as an ideal derivative for both PET imaging (when radiolabeled with 68Ga) and management of bone metastases from various types of cancer (when radiolabeled with 177Lu). In this context, this report provides an overview of the main medicinal chemistry aspects concerning bisphosphonates, discussing their roles in molecular oncology imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy with a particular focus on bifunctional bisphosphonates. Particular attention is also paid to the development of DOTAZOL, with emphasis on the radiochemistry and quality control aspects of its preparation, before outlining the preclinical and clinical data obtained so far with this radiopharmaceutical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Souche
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette Fouillet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Donzé
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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43
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Simms ME, Sibley MM, Driscoll DM, Kertesz V, Damron JT, Ivanov AS, White FD, Thiele NA. Reining in Radium for Nuclear Medicine: Extra-Large Chelator Development for an Extra-Large Ion. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20834-20843. [PMID: 37811965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeted α therapy (TAT) of soft-tissue cancers using the α particle-emitting radionuclide 223Ra holds great potential because of its favorable nuclear properties, adequate availability, and established clinical use for treating metastatic prostate cancer of the bone. Despite these advantages, the use of 223Ra has been largely overshadowed by other α emitters due to its challenging chelation chemistry. A key criterion that needs to be met for a radionuclide to be used in TAT is its stable attachment to a targeting vector via a bifunctional chelator. The low charge density of Ra2+ arising from its large ionic radius weakens its electrostatic binding interactions with chelators, leading to insufficient complex stability in vivo. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated macropa-XL as a novel chelator for 223Ra. It bears a large 21-crown-7 macrocyclic core and two picolinate pendent groups, which we hypothesized would effectively saturate the large coordination sphere of the Ra2+ ion. The structural chemistry of macropa-XL was first established with the nonradioactive Ba2+ ion using X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which revealed the formation of an 11-coordinate complex in a rare anti pendent-arm configuration. Subsequently, the stability constant of the [Ra(macropa-XL)] complex was determined via competitive cation exchange with 223Ra and 224Ra radiotracers and compared with that of macropa, the current state-of-the-art chelator for Ra2+. A moderate log KML value of 8.12 was measured for [Ra(macropa-XL)], which is approximately 1.5 log K units lower than the stability constant of [Ra(macropa)]. This relative decrease in Ra2+ complex stability for macropa-XL versus macropa was further probed using density functional theory calculations. Additionally, macropa-XL was radiolabeled with 223Ra, and the kinetic stability of the resulting complex was evaluated in human serum. Although macropa-XL could effectively bind 223Ra under mild conditions, the complex appeared to be unstable to transchelation. Collectively, this study sheds additional light on the chelation chemistry of the exotic Ra2+ ion and contributes to the small, but growing, number of chelator development efforts for 223Ra-based TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Simms
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Megan M Sibley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Darren M Driscoll
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Joshua T Damron
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Frankie D White
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nikki A Thiele
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Price T, Wagner L, Rosecker V, Havlíčková J, Prior TJ, Kubíček V, Hermann P, Stasiuk GJ. Inorganic Chemistry of the Tripodal Picolinate Ligand Tpaa with Gallium(III) and Radiolabeling with Gallium-68. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20769-20776. [PMID: 37793007 PMCID: PMC10731648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here the improved synthesis of the tripodal picolinate chelator Tpaa, with an overall yield of 41% over five steps, in comparison to the previously reported 6% yield. Tpaa was investigated for its coordination chemistry with Ga(III) and radiolabeling properties with gallium-68 (68Ga). The obtained crystal structure for [Ga(Tpaa)] shows that the three picolinate arms coordinate to the Ga(III) ion, fully occupying the octahedral coordination geometry. This is supported by 1H NMR which shows that the three arms are symmetrical when coordinated to Ga(III). Assessment of the thermodynamic stability through potentiometry gives log KGa-Tpaa = 21.32, with a single species being produced across the range of pH 3.5-7.5. Tpaa achieved >99% radiochemical conversion with 68Ga under mild conditions ([Tpaa] = 6.6 μM, pH 7.4, 37 °C) with a molar activity of 3.1 GBq μmol-1. The resulting complex, [68Ga][Ga(Tpaa)], showed improved stability over the previously reported [68Ga][Ga(Dpaa)(H2O)] in a serum challenge, with 32% of [68Ga][Ga(Tpaa)] remaining intact after 30 min of incubation with fetal bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
W. Price
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
| | - Laurène Wagner
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
| | - Veronika Rosecker
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
| | - Jana Havlíčková
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Chemistry,
School of Natural Sciences, University of
Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Graeme J. Stasiuk
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
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45
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Salih AK, Dominguez Garcia M, Raheem SJ, Ahiahonu WK, Price EW. DFO-Km: A Modular Chelator as a New Chemical Tool for the Construction of Zirconium-89-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20806-20819. [PMID: 37751491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium-89-labeled monoclonal antibodies and other large macromolecules such as nanoparticles hold great promise as positron emission tomography imaging agents. In general, zirconium-89 is an ideal radionuclide for long-circulating vectors such as antibodies or nanoparticles. It is also a promising radionuclide for theranostic radiopharmaceuticals due to its suitable match in half-life with actinium-225, thorium-227, lutetium-177, and others. As such, demand for new and optimized bifunctional chelators for zirconium-89 continues to grow. Herein, we present the modular chelator DFO-Km, which is octadentate and features lysine as a modular amino acid linker. The modular amino acid linker can be changed to other natural or unnatural amino acids to access different bioconjugation chemistries, while the chelating portion is unchanged thus retaining identical metal ion coordination properties to DFO-Km. The epsilon-amine in the DFO-Km linker (lysine) was used to complete synthesis of a bifunctional derivative bearing a p-SCN-Ph moiety. The chelator DFO-Km includes a redesigned hydroxamic acid, which provides more flexibility for metal ion coordination relative to the monomer used in the previously published DFO-Em. Moreover, a set of comprehensive DFT calculations were performed to model and evaluate 16 geometric isomers of Zr-(DFO-Km), which suggested the complex would form the optimum cic-cis-trans-trans octadentate Zr(IV) coordination geometry with no aqua or hydroxide ligands present. The bifunctional derivative p-SCN-Ph-DFO-Km was compared directly with the commercially available p-SCN-Ph-DFO, and both underwent efficient conjugation to a nonspecific human serum antibody (IgG) to yield two model immunoconjugates. The behavior of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Km-IgG was studied in healthy mice for 2 weeks and compared to an equivalent cohort injected with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG as a clinical "gold standard" control. PET-CT and biodistribution results revealed higher stability of [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Km)-IgG in vivo over [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG, as demonstrated by the significant reduction of zirconium-89 in the whole skeleton as visualized and quantified by PET-CT at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-injection. Using CT-gated regions of interest over these PET-CT images, the whole skeleton was selected and uptake values were measured at 14 days post-injection of 3.6 ± 0.9 (DFO) vs 1.9 ± 0.1 (DFO-Km) %ID/g (n = 4, * p = 0.02), which represents a ∼48% reduction in bone uptake with DFO-Km relative to DFO. Biodistribution experiments performed on these same mice following the 14 day imaging time point revealed bone (both tibia) uptake values of 3.7 ± 1.3 (DFO) vs 2.0 ± 0.6 (DFO-Km) %ID/g (n = 6, * p < 0.05), with the tibia uptake values in close agreement with whole-skeleton ROI PET-CT data. These results indicate that DFO-Km is an improved chelator for [89Zr]Zr4+ applications relative to DFO. The bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Ph-DFO-Km shows potential as a new chemical tool for creating bioconjugates using targeting vectors such as antibodies, peptides, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akam K Salih
- Radiopharmacology, Mariana Oncology, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Moralba Dominguez Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Shvan J Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - William K Ahiahonu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
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Phipps MD, Cingoranelli S, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Younes A, Cao M, Sanders VA, Neary MC, Daveny MH, Cutler CS, Lopez GE, Saini S, Parker CC, Fernandez SR, Lewis JS, Lapi SE, Francesconi LC, Deri MA. Sc-HOPO: A Potential Construct for Use in Radioscandium-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20567-20581. [PMID: 36724083 PMCID: PMC10390652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three isotopes of scandium─43Sc, 44Sc, and 47Sc─have attracted increasing attention as potential candidates for use in imaging and therapy, respectively, as well as for possible theranostic use as an elementally matched pair. Here, we present the octadentate chelator 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) (or HOPO), an effective chelator for hard cations, as a potential ligand for use in radioscandium constructs with simple radiolabeling under mild conditions. HOPO forms a 1:1 Sc-HOPO complex that was fully characterized, both experimentally and theoretically. [47Sc]Sc-HOPO exhibited good stability in chemical and biological challenges over 7 days. In healthy mice, [43,47Sc]Sc-HOPO cleared the body rapidly with no signs of demetalation. HOPO is a strong candidate for use in radioscandium-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Phipps
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468
- Medical Isotope Research & Production Laboratory, Collider-Accelerator Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Shelbie Cingoranelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | - Ali Younes
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Minhua Cao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Vanessa A. Sanders
- Medical Isotope Research & Production Laboratory, Collider-Accelerator Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Michelle C. Neary
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Matthew H. Daveny
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Cathy S. Cutler
- Medical Isotope Research & Production Laboratory, Collider-Accelerator Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Gustavo E. Lopez
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Candace C. Parker
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Solana R. Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Lynn C. Francesconi
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Melissa A. Deri
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468
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47
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Tosato M, Franchi S, Dalla Tiezza M, Orian L, Gyr T, Alker A, Zanoni G, Pastore P, Andrighetto A, Köster U, Jensen M, Mäcke H, Asti M, Di Marco V. Tuning the Framework of Thioether-Functionalized Polyazamacrocycles: Searching for a Chelator for Theranostic Silver Radioisotopes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20777-20790. [PMID: 37768780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Silver-111 is an attractive unconventional candidate for targeted cancer therapy as well as for single photon emission computed tomography and can be complemented by silver-103 for positron emission tomography noninvasive diagnostic procedures. However, the shortage of chelating agents capable of forming stable complexes tethered to tumor-seeking vectors has hindered their in vivo application so far. In this study, a comparative investigation of a series of sulfur-containing structural homologues, namely, 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)]-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (NO3S), 1,5,9-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (TACD3S), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane (TRI4S), and 1,4,8,11-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (TE4S) was conducted to appraise the influence of different polyazamacrocyclic backbones on Ag+ complexation. The performances of these macrocycles were also compared with those of the previously reported Ag+/[111Ag]Ag+-chelator 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S). Nuclear magnetic resonance data supported by density functional theory calculations and X-ray crystallographic results gave insights into the coordination environment of these complexes, suggesting that all of the donor atoms are generally involved in the metal coordination. However, the modifications of the macrocycle topology alter the dynamic binding of the pendant arms or the conformation of the ring around the metal center. Combined pH/pAg-potentiometric and spectroscopic experiments revealed that the 12-member N4 backbone of DO4S forms the most stable Ag+ complex while both the enlargement and the shrinkage of the macrocyclic frame dwindle the stability of the complexes. Radiolabeling experiments, conducted with reactor-produced [111Ag]Ag+, evidenced that the thermodynamic stability trend is reflected in the ligand's ability to incorporate the radioactive ion at high molar activity, even in the presence of a competing cation (Pd2+), as well as in the integrity of the corresponding complexes in human serum. As a consequence, DO4S proved to be the most favorable candidate for future in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Franchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Gyr
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Alker
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giordano Zanoni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Andrighetto
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Legnaro National Laboratories, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Mikael Jensen
- The Hevesy Laboratory, Department Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Helmut Mäcke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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48
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Kurakina ES, Wharton L, Khushvaktov J, Magomedbekov EP, Radchenko V, Filosofov D. Separation of 44mSc/ 44gSc Nuclear Isomers Based on After-Effects. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20646-20654. [PMID: 37625137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
44gSc presents a particular interest for application in nuclear medicine for positron emission tomography (PET) due to its favorable nuclear decay properties (t1/2 = 3.97 h, Emax = 1.47 MeV, branching ratio 94.3% β+). Its nuclear isomer 44mSc (t1/2 = 58.61 h) decays by isomeric transition (IT) into 44gSc, accompanied by ≈12% of conversion electron emission, which can cause a partial release of the daughter 44gSc from the chelate complex. A 13 MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF was used to produce both 44mSc and 44gSc via the natCa(p,n)44m,gSc reaction. A 44mSc/44gSc generator was designed by using a Strata C-18E cartridge. After several tested systems, a successful separation method was developed using DOTATOC as a chelator, a Strata C-18E cartridge as a generator column, and an elution solution of 0.1 M NH4-α-HIB. The yield of the generator with the daughter 44gSc release was equal to 9.8 ± 1.0% (or ≈80% per portion of conversion). This result shows the important role of after-effects in the design of radionuclide generators. Nuclear cross-section calculations were applied using the TALYS code to allow for the determination of the most promising alternative routes for 44mSc production, which will enable the development of a full-scale 44mSc/44gSc radionuclide generator based on after-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sergeevna Kurakina
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
- Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Luke Wharton
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jurabek Khushvaktov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Eldar Parpachevich Magomedbekov
- Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
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49
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Marlin A, Koller A, Madarasi E, Cordier M, Esteban-Gómez D, Platas-Iglesias C, Tircsó G, Boros E, Patinec V, Tripier R. H 3nota Derivatives Possessing Picolyl and Picolinate Pendants for Ga 3+ Coordination and 67Ga 3+ Radiolabeling. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20634-20645. [PMID: 37552617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized, thanks to the regiospecific N-functionalization using an orthoamide intermediate, two 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivatives containing an acetate arm and either a methylpyridine or a picolinic acid group, respectively, Hnoapy and H2noapa, as new Ga3+ chelators for potential use in nuclear medicine. The corresponding Ga3+ complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized in solution by 1H and 13C NMR. The [Ga(noapy)]2+ complex appears to exist in solution as two diasteroisomeric pairs of enantiomers, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, while for [Ga(noapa)]+, a single species is present in solution. Solid-state investigations were possible for the [Ga(noapa)]+ complex, which crystallized from water as a pair of enantiomers. The average length of the N-Ga bonds of 2.090 Å is identical with that found for the [Ga(nota)] complex, showing that the presence of the picolinate arm does not hinder the coordination of the ligand to the metal ion. Protonation constants of noapy- and noapa2- were determined by potentiometric titrations, providing an overall basicity ∑log KiH (i = 1-4) that increases in the order noapy- < noapa2- < nota3- with increases in the negative charge of the ligand. Stability constants determined by pH-potentiometric titrations supplemented with 71Ga NMR data show that the stabilities of [Ga(noapy)]2+ and [Ga(noapa)]+ are lower compared to that of [Ga(nota)] but higher than those of other standards such as [Ga(aazta)]-. 67Ga radiolabeling studies were performed in order to demonstrate the potential of these chelators for 67/68Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals. The labelings of Hnoapy and H2noapa were nearly identical, outperforming H3nota. Stability studies were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline and in the presence of human serum transferrin, revealing no significant decomplexation of [67Ga][Ga(noapy)]2+ and [67Ga][Ga(noapa)]+ compared to [67Ga][Ga(nota)]. Finally, all complexes were found to be highly hydrophilic, with calculated log D7.4 values of -3.42 ± 0.05, -3.34 ± 0.04, and -3.00 ± 0.23 for Hnoapy, H2noapa, and H3nota, respectively, correlating with the charge of each complex and the electrostatic potentials obtained with DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axia Marlin
- CEMCA, Université Brest, UMR 6521, CNRS, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Angus Koller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Enikö Madarasi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Chemistry at the University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marie Cordier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, rúa da Fraga 10, 15008A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, rúa da Fraga 10, 15008A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Véronique Patinec
- CEMCA, Université Brest, UMR 6521, CNRS, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- CEMCA, Université Brest, UMR 6521, CNRS, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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Woods JJ, Cosby AG, Wacker JN, Aguirre Quintana LM, Peterson A, Minasian SG, Abergel RJ. Macrocyclic 1,2-Hydroxypyridinone-Based Chelators as Potential Ligands for Thorium-227 and Zirconium-89 Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20721-20732. [PMID: 37590371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Thorium-227 (227Th) is an α-emitting radionuclide that has shown preclinical and clinical promise for use in targeted α-therapy (TAT), a type of molecular radiopharmaceutical treatment that harnesses high energy α particles to eradicate cancerous lesions. Despite these initial successes, there still exists a need for bifunctional chelators that can stably bind thorium in vivo. Toward this goal, we have prepared two macrocyclic chelators bearing 1,2-hydroxypyridinone groups. Both chelators can be synthesized in less than six steps from readily available starting materials, which is an advantage over currently available platforms. The complex formation constants (log βmlh) of these ligands with Zr4+ and Th4+, measured by spectrophotometric titrations, are greater than 34 for both chelators, indicating the formation of exceedingly stable complexes. Radiolabeling studies were performed to show that these ligands can bind [227Th]Th4+ at concentrations as low as 10-6 M, and serum stability experiments demonstrate the high kinetic stability of the formed complexes under biological conditions. Identical experiments with zirconium-89 (89Zr), a positron-emitting radioisotope used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, demonstrate that these chelators can also effectively bind Zr4+ with high thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Collectively, the data reported herein highlight the suitability of these ligands for use in 89Zr/227Th paired radioimmunotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Woods
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexia G Cosby
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jennifer N Wacker
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Luis M Aguirre Quintana
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Appie Peterson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca J Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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