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Conner AA, David D, Yim EKF. The Effects of Biomimetic Surface Topography on Vascular Cells: Implications for Vascular Conduits. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400335. [PMID: 38935920 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and represent a pressing clinical need. Vascular occlusions are the predominant cause of CVD and necessitate surgical interventions such as bypass graft surgery to replace the damaged or obstructed blood vessel with a synthetic conduit. Synthetic small-diameter vascular grafts (sSDVGs) are desired to bypass blood vessels with an inner diameter <6 mm yet have limited use due to unacceptable patency rates. The incorporation of biophysical cues such as topography onto the sSDVG biointerface can be used to mimic the cellular microenvironment and improve outcomes. In this review, the utility of surface topography in sSDVG design is discussed. First, the primary challenges that sSDVGs face and the rationale for utilizing biomimetic topography are introduced. The current literature surrounding the effects of topographical cues on vascular cell behavior in vitro is reviewed, providing insight into which features are optimal for application in sSDVGs. The results of studies that have utilized topographically-enhanced sSDVGs in vivo are evaluated. Current challenges and barriers to clinical translation are discussed. Based on the wealth of evidence detailed here, substrate topography offers enormous potential to improve the outcome of sSDVGs and provide therapeutic solutions for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Conner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dency David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Khang A, Lejeune E, Abbaspour A, Howsmon DP, Sacks MS. On the Three-Dimensional Correlation Between Myofibroblast Shape and Contraction. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:094503. [PMID: 33876206 PMCID: PMC8299802 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are responsible for wound healing and tissue repair across all organ systems. In periods of growth and disease, myofibroblasts can undergo a phenotypic transition characterized by an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition rate, changes in various protein expression (e.g., alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)), and elevated contractility. Cell shape is known to correlate closely with stress-fiber geometry and function and is thus a critical feature of cell biophysical state. However, the relationship between myofibroblast shape and contraction is complex, even as well in regards to steady-state contractile level (basal tonus). At present, the relationship between myofibroblast shape and basal tonus in three-dimensional (3D) environments is poorly understood. Herein, we utilize the aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) as a representative myofibroblast to investigate the relationship between basal tonus and overall cell shape. AVICs were embedded within 3D poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels containing degradable peptide crosslinkers, adhesive peptide sequences, and submicron fluorescent microspheres to track the local displacement field. We then developed a methodology to evaluate the correlation between overall AVIC shape and basal tonus induced contraction. We computed a volume averaged stretch tensor ⟨U⟩ for the volume occupied by the AVIC, which had three distinct eigenvalues (λ1,2,3=1.08,0.99, and 0.89), suggesting that AVIC shape is a result of anisotropic contraction. Furthermore, the direction of maximum contraction correlated closely with the longest axis of a bounding ellipsoid enclosing the AVIC. As gel-imbedded AVICs are known to be in a stable state by 3 days of incubation used herein, this finding suggests that the overall quiescent AVIC shape is driven by the underlying stress-fiber directional structure and potentially contraction level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Khang
- James T. Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation, The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Emma Lejeune
- James T. Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation, The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ali Abbaspour
- James T. Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation, The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Daniel P. Howsmon
- James T. Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation, The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Michael S. Sacks
- James T. Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation, The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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3
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Braun NJ, Liao D, Alford PW. Orientation of neurites influences severity of mechanically induced tau pathology. Biophys J 2021; 120:3272-3282. [PMID: 34293301 PMCID: PMC8392125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a tauopathy, in which cognitive decline is accompanied by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles of the protein tau in patients' brains. We recently found that mechanical force alone can induce tau mislocalization to dendritic spines and loss of synaptic function in in vitro neuronal cultures with random cell organization. However, in the brain, neurons are highly aligned, so here we aimed to determine how neuronal organization influences early-stage tauopathy caused by mechanical injury. Using microfabricated cell culture constructs to control the growth of neurites and an in vitro simulated TBI device to apply controlled mechanical deformation, we found that neuronal orientation with respect to the direction of a uniaxial high-strain-rate stretch injury influences the degree of tau pathology in injured neurons. We found that a mechanical stretch applied parallel to the neurite alignment induces greater mislocalization of tau proteins to dendritic spines than does a stretch with the same strain applied perpendicular to the neurites. Synaptic function, characterized by the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, was similarly decreased in neurons with neurites aligned parallel to stretch, whereas in neurons aligned perpendicular to stretch, it had little to no functional loss. Experimental injury parameters (strain, strain rate, direction of stretch) were combined with a standard viscoelastic solid model to show that in our in vitro model, neurite work density during stretch correlates with tau mislocalization. These findings suggest that in a TBI, the magnitude of brain deformation is not wholly predictive of neurodegenerative consequences of TBI but that deformation relative to local neuronal architecture and the neurite mechanical energy during injury are better metrics for predicting trauma-induced tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dezhi Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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4
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Maxey AP, McCain ML. Tools, techniques, and future opportunities for characterizing the mechanobiology of uterine myometrium. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1025-1035. [PMID: 33554648 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221989259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The myometrium is the smooth muscle layer of the uterus that generates the contractions that drive processes such as menstruation and childbirth. Aberrant contractions of the myometrium can result in preterm birth, insufficient progression of labor, or other difficulties that can lead to maternal or fetal complications or even death. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of these conditions, the most common model systems have conventionally been animal models and human tissue strips, which have limitations mostly related to relevance and scalability, respectively. Myometrial smooth muscle cells have also been isolated from patient biopsies and cultured in vitro as a more controlled experimental system. However, in vitro approaches have focused primarily on measuring the effects of biochemical stimuli and neglected biomechanical stimuli, despite the extensive evidence indicating that remodeling of tissue rigidity or excessive strain is associated with uterine disorders. In this review, we first describe the existing approaches for modeling human myometrium with animal models and human tissue strips and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Next, we introduce existing in vitro techniques and assays for assessing contractility and summarize their applications in elucidating the role of biochemical or biomechanical stimuli on human myometrium. Finally, we conclude by proposing the translation of "organ on chip" approaches to myometrial smooth muscle cells as new paradigms for establishing their fundamental mechanobiology and to serve as next-generation platforms for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina P Maxey
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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5
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Glieberman AL, Pope BD, Melton DA, Parker KK. Building Biomimetic Potency Tests for Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2021; 70:347-363. [PMID: 33472944 PMCID: PMC7881865 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease of insulin insufficiency, requiring many to rely on exogenous insulin with constant monitoring to avoid a fatal outcome. Islet transplantation is a recent therapy that can provide insulin independence, but the procedure is still limited by both the availability of human islets and reliable tests to assess their function. While stem cell technologies are poised to fill the shortage of transplantable cells, better methods are still needed for predicting transplantation outcome. To ensure islet quality, we propose that the next generation of islet potency tests should be biomimetic systems that match glucose stimulation dynamics and cell microenvironmental preferences and rapidly assess conditional and continuous insulin secretion with minimal manual handing. Here, we review the current approaches for islet potency testing and outline technologies and methods that can be used to arrive at a more predictive potency test that tracks islet secretory capacity in a relevant context. With the development of potency tests that can report on islet secretion dynamics in a context relevant to their intended function, islet transplantation can expand into a more widely accessible and reliable treatment option for individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Glieberman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Benjamin D Pope
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
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6
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Regulation of SMC traction forces in human aortic thoracic aneurysms. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:717-731. [PMID: 33449277 PMCID: PMC7979631 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) usually express a contractile phenotype in the healthy aorta. However, aortic SMCs have the ability to undergo profound changes in phenotype in response to changes in their extracellular environment, as occurs in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA). Accordingly, there is a pressing need to quantify the mechanobiological effects of these changes at single cell level. To address this need, we applied Traction Force Microscopy (TFM) on 759 cells coming from three primary healthy (AoPrim) human SMC lineages and three primary aneurysmal (AnevPrim) human SMC lineages, from age and gender matched donors. We measured the basal traction forces applied by each of these cells onto compliant hydrogels of different stiffness (4, 8, 12, 25 kPa). Although the range of force generation by SMCs suggested some heterogeneity, we observed that: 1. the traction forces were significantly larger on substrates of larger stiffness; 2. traction forces in AnevPrim were significantly higher than in AoPrim cells. We modelled computationally the dynamic force generation process in SMCs using the motor-clutch model and found that it accounts well for the stiffness-dependent traction forces. The existence of larger traction forces in the AnevPrim SMCs were related to the larger size of cells in these lineages. We conclude that phenotype changes occurring in ATAA, which were previously known to reduce the expression of elongated and contractile SMCs (rendering SMCs less responsive to vasoactive agents), tend also to induce stronger SMCs. Future work aims at understanding the causes of this alteration process in aortic aneurysms.
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7
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De La Pena A, Mukhtar M, Yokosawa R, Carrasquilla S, Simmons CS. Quantifying cellular forces: Practical considerations of traction force microscopy for dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:74-83. [PMID: 32767472 PMCID: PMC7769991 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Traction force microscopy (TFM) is a well-established technique traditionally used by biophysicists to quantify the forces adherent biological cells exert on their microenvironment. As image processing software becomes increasingly user-friendly, TFM is being adopted by broader audiences to quantify contractility of (myo)fibroblasts. While many technical reviews of TFM's computational mechanics are available, this review focuses on practical experimental considerations for dermatology researchers new to cell mechanics and TFM who may wish to implement a higher throughput and less expensive alternative to collagen compaction assays. Here, we describe implementation of experimental methods, analysis using open-source software and troubleshooting of common issues to enable researchers to leverage TFM for their investigations into skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chelsey S. Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida
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8
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Calizo RC, Bell MK, Ron A, Hu M, Bhattacharya S, Wong NJ, Janssen WGM, Perumal G, Pederson P, Scarlata S, Hone J, Azeloglu EU, Rangamani P, Iyengar R. Cell shape regulates subcellular organelle location to control early Ca 2+ signal dynamics in vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17866. [PMID: 33082406 PMCID: PMC7576209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of the cell is connected to its function; however, we do not fully understand underlying mechanisms by which global shape regulates a cell's functional capabilities. Using theory, experiments and simulation, we investigated how physiologically relevant cell shape changes affect subcellular organization, and consequently intracellular signaling, to control information flow needed for phenotypic function. Vascular smooth muscle cells going from a proliferative and motile circular shape to a contractile fusiform shape show changes in the location of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, inter-organelle distances, and differential distribution of receptors in the plasma membrane. These factors together lead to the modulation of signals transduced by the M3 muscarinic receptor/Gq/PLCβ pathway at the plasma membrane, amplifying Ca2+ dynamics in the cytoplasm, and the nucleus resulting in phenotypic changes, as determined by increased activity of myosin light chain kinase in the cytoplasm and enhanced nuclear localization of the transcription factor NFAT. Taken together, our observations show a systems level phenomenon whereby global cell shape affects subcellular organization to modulate signaling that enables phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Calizo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - M K Bell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - A Ron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - M Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - N J Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - W G M Janssen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - G Perumal
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC, White Plains, NY, 10601, USA
| | - P Pederson
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC, White Plains, NY, 10601, USA
| | - S Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - J Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - E U Azeloglu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - P Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - R Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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9
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Large-deformation strain energy density function for vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biomech 2020; 111:110005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Cho M, Park JK. Fabrication of a Perfusable 3D In Vitro Artery-Mimicking Multichannel System for Artery Disease Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5326-5336. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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O’Connor BB, Grevesse T, Zimmerman JF, Ardoña HAM, Jimenez JA, Bitounis D, Demokritou P, Parker KK. Human brain microvascular endothelial cell pairs model tissue-level blood-brain barrier function. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:64-79. [PMID: 32195539 PMCID: PMC7155416 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier plays a critical role in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain while preventing the transport of neurotoxins. Predicting the ability of potential therapeutics and neurotoxicants to modulate brain barrier function remains a challenge due to limited spatial resolution and geometric constraints offered by existing in vitro models. Using soft lithography to control the shape of microvascular tissues, we predicted blood-brain barrier permeability states based on structural changes in human brain endothelial cells. We quantified morphological differences in nuclear, junction, and cytoskeletal proteins that influence, or indicate, barrier permeability. We established a correlation between brain endothelial cell pair structure and permeability by treating cell pairs and tissues with known cytoskeleton-modulating agents, including a Rho activator, a Rho inhibitor, and a cyclic adenosine monophosphate analog. Using this approach, we found that high-permeability cell pairs showed nuclear elongation, loss of junction proteins, and increased actin stress fiber formation, which were indicative of increased contractility. We measured traction forces generated by high- and low-permeability pairs, finding that higher stress at the intercellular junction contributes to barrier leakiness. We further tested the applicability of this platform to predict modulations in brain endothelial permeability by exposing cell pairs to engineered nanomaterials, including gold, silver-silica, and cerium oxide nanoparticles, thereby uncovering new insights into the mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated barrier disruption. Overall, we confirm the utility of this platform to assess the multiscale impact of pharmacological agents or environmental toxicants on blood-brain barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blakely B O’Connor
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas Grevesse
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - John F Zimmerman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jorge A Jimenez
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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12
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Actomyosin contractility scales with myoblast elongation and enhances differentiation through YAP nuclear export. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15565. [PMID: 31664178 PMCID: PMC6820726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are formed by the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts into long linear myotubes, which differentiate and reorganize into multinucleated myofibers that assemble in bundles to form skeletal muscles. This fundamental process requires the elongation of myoblasts into a bipolar shape, although a complete understanding of the mechanisms governing skeletal muscle fusion is lacking. To address this question, we consider cell aspect ratio, actomyosin contractility and the Hippo pathway member YAP as potential regulators of the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes. Using fibronectin micropatterns of different geometries and traction force microscopy, we investigated how myoblast elongation affects actomyosin contractility. Our findings indicate that cell elongation enhances actomyosin contractility in myoblasts, which regulate their actin network to their spreading area. Interestingly, we found that the contractility of cell pairs increased after their fusion and raise on elongated morphologies. Furthermore, our findings indicate that myoblast elongation modulates nuclear orientation and triggers cytoplasmic localization of YAP, increasing evidence that YAP is a key regulator of mechanotransduction in myoblasts. Taken together, our findings support a mechanical model where actomyosin contractility scales with myoblast elongation and enhances the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes through YAP nuclear export.
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13
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Müller A, Müller S, Nasufovic V, Arndt HD, Pompe T. Actin stress fiber dynamics in laterally confined cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:175-185. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple cellular processes are affected by spatial constraints from the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells. In vitro experiments using defined micro-patterning allow for in-depth analysis and a better understanding of how these constraints impact cellular behavior and functioning. Herein we focused on the analysis of actin cytoskeleton dynamics as a major determinant of mechanotransduction mechanisms in cells. We seeded primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells onto stripe-like cell-adhesive micro-patterns with varying widths and then monitored and quantified the dynamic reorganization of actin stress fibers, including fiber velocities, orientation and density, within these live cells using the cell permeable F-actin marker SiR-actin. Although characteristic parameters describing the overall stress fiber architecture (average orientation and density) were nearly constant throughout the observation time interval of 60 min, we observed permanent transport and turnover of individual actin stress fibers. Stress fibers were more strongly oriented along stripe direction with decreasing stripe width, (5° on 20 μm patterns and 10° on 40 μm patterns), together with an overall narrowing of the distribution of fiber orientation. Fiber dynamics was characterized by a directed movement from the cell edges towards the cell center, where fiber dissolution frequently took place. By kymograph analysis, we found median fiber velocities in the range of 0.2 μm/min with a weak dependence on pattern width. Taken together, these data suggest that cell geometry determines actin fiber orientation, while it also affects actin fiber transport and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21–23, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21–23, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veselin Nasufovic
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena, Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21–23, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Choi JS, Seo TS. Orthogonal co-cultivation of smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell layers to construct in vivo-like vasculature. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014115. [PMID: 30867885 PMCID: PMC6404948 DOI: 10.1063/1.5068689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of a three-dimensional (3D) vascular co-cultivation system is one of the major challenges to provide an advanced analytical platform for studying blood vessel related diseases. To date, however, the in vivo-like vessel system has not been fully realized due to the difficulty of co-cultivation of the cells with orthogonal alignment. In this study, we report the utilization of microfabrication technology to construct biomimetic 3D co-cultured vasculature. First, microwrinkle patterns whose direction was perpendicular to the axis of a circular microfluidic channel were fabricated, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured inside the microchannel, leading to an in vivo-like circumferential VSMC layer. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured on the circumferentially aligned VSMC, and the success of double layer formation of HUVEC-VSMC in the circular microchannel could be monitored. After HUVEC cultivation, we applied shear flow in order to induce the orientation of HUVEC parallel to the axis, and the analysis of orientation angle and spreading area of HUVECs indicated that they were changed by shear stress to be aligned to the direction of flow. Thus, the HUVEC and VSMC layer could be aligned with a distinct direction. The expression level of VE-Cadherin located at the boundary of HUVECs implies in vivo-like vascular behavior. The proposed in vitro microfluidic vascular assay platform would be valuable for studying vascular diseases with high reliability due to in vivo-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195, USA
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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15
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Sun Q, Shi X, Feng J, Zhang Q, Ao Z, Ji Y, Wu X, Liu D, Han D. Cytotoxicity and Cellular Responses of Gold Nanorods to Smooth Muscle Cells Dependent on Surface Chemistry Coupled Action. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803715. [PMID: 30430733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (AuNRs), with their unique physicochemical properties, are recognized as promising materials for biomedical applications. Chemical modification of their surfaces is attracting increasing attention with regard to cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. Herein, the toxicological effects of three types of polymer-coated AuNRs, which are cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated AuNRs, polystyrene sulphonate-coated AuNRs, and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride-coated AuNRs (PDDAC-AuNRs), on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are investigated. The results show significantly different effects on VSMCs with different surface coatings. PDDAC-AuNRs, which were nontoxic in cancer cells in previous reports, display extreme toxicity to VSMCs. Initial contact between AuNRs and cell membranes is the important step in AuNRs cellular uptake. Force spectroscopy based on atomic force microscopy is exploited to study interactions between AuNRs and VSMCs membrane in the absence or presence of a corona on the AuNRs surface. The results show that the binding force and binding probability between AuNRs and membranes are closely related to cytotoxicity and cellular responses. These findings highlight the importance of assessing nanoparticle cytotoxicity in somatic cells for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiantao Feng
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Ao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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16
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Pitrez PR, Estronca L, Vazão H, Egesipe AL, Le Corf A, Navarro C, Lévy N, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Nissan X, Ferreira L. Substrate Topography Modulates Cell Aging on a Progeria Cell Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1498-1504. [PMID: 33445307 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive accumulation of cellular damage, which leads to impaired function. Little is known whether substrates can influence cell aging. This is of utmost importance in the development of medical devices that are in contact with human tissue for long periods of time. To address this question, we have used an accelerated aging cell model derived from Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Our results show that HGPS-iPSC smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have an increased aging profile in substrates with specific micropatterns than in flat ones. This is characterized by an up-regulation in the expression of progerin, β-galactosidase, annexin 3 and 5, and caspase 9. Signs of cell aging are also observed in SMCs without HGPS cultured in substrates with specific microtopographies. It is further showed that specific micropatterned substrates induce cell aging by triggering a DNA damage program likely by the disruption between cyto- and nucleoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Pitrez
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Polo I first Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Estronca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Polo I first Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Vazão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Polo I first Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anne-Laure Egesipe
- CECS, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic diseases, Genopole Campus 1, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Le Corf
- CECS, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic diseases, Genopole Campus 1, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Claire Navarro
- INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, La Timone Children's Hospital, APHM, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, La Timone Children's Hospital, APHM, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Nissan
- CECS, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic diseases, Genopole Campus 1, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Polo I first Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Win Z, Buksa JM, Steucke KE, Gant Luxton GW, Barocas VH, Alford PW. Cellular Microbiaxial Stretching to Measure a Single-Cell Strain Energy Density Function. J Biomech Eng 2018; 139:2618751. [PMID: 28397957 DOI: 10.1115/1.4036440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The stress in a cell due to extracellular mechanical stimulus is determined by its mechanical properties, and the structural organization of many adherent cells suggests that their properties are anisotropic. This anisotropy may significantly influence the cells' mechanotransductive response to complex loads, and has important implications for development of accurate models of tissue biomechanics. Standard methods for measuring cellular mechanics report linear moduli that cannot capture large-deformation anisotropic properties, which in a continuum mechanics framework are best described by a strain energy density function (SED). In tissues, the SED is most robustly measured using biaxial testing. Here, we describe a cellular microbiaxial stretching (CμBS) method that modifies this tissue-scale approach to measure the anisotropic elastic behavior of individual vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with nativelike cytoarchitecture. Using CμBS, we reveal that VSMCs are highly anisotropic under large deformations. We then characterize a Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden type SED for individual VSMCs and find that architecture-dependent properties of the cells can be robustly described using a formulation solely based on the organization of their actin cytoskeleton. These results suggest that cellular anisotropy should be considered when developing biomechanical models, and could play an important role in cellular mechano-adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Win
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Justin M Buksa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Kerianne E Steucke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 420 Washington Avenue SE MCB 4-128, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Victor H Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
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18
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Lam NT, Muldoon TJ, Quinn KP, Rajaram N, Balachandran K. Valve interstitial cell contractile strength and metabolic state are dependent on its shape. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 8:1079-1089. [PMID: 27713997 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00120c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of valvular interstitial cell (VIC) architecture in regulating cardiac valve function and pathology is not well understood. VICs are known to be more elongated in a hypertensive environment compared to those in a normotensive environment. We have previously reported that valve tissues cultured under hypertensive conditions are prone to acute pathological alterations in cell phenotype and contractility. We therefore aimed to rigorously study the relationship between VIC shape, contractile output and other functional indicators of VIC pathology. We developed an in vitro model to engineer VICs to take on the same shapes as those seen in normal and hypertensive conditions. VICs with longer cellular and nuclear shapes, as seen in hypertensive conditions, had greater contractile response to endothelin-1 that correlated with increased anisotropy of the actin architecture. These elongated VICs also demonstrated altered cell metabolism through a decreased optical redox ratio, which coincided with increased cellular proliferation. In the presence of actin polymerization inhibitor, however, these functional responses were significantly reduced, suggesting the important role of cytoskeletal actin organization in regulating cellular responses to abnormal shape. Overall, these results demonstrate the relationship between cell shape, cytoskeletal and nuclear organization, with functional output including contractility, metabolism, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Lam
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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19
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Kurzawa L, Vianay B, Senger F, Vignaud T, Blanchoin L, Théry M. Dissipation of contractile forces: the missing piece in cell mechanics. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1825-1832. [PMID: 28684608 PMCID: PMC5526557 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are key regulators of cell and tissue physiology. The basic molecular mechanism of fiber contraction by the sliding of actin filament upon myosin leading to conformational change has been known for decades. The regulation of force generation at the level of the cell, however, is still far from elucidated. Indeed, the magnitude of cell traction forces on the underlying extracellular matrix in culture is almost impossible to predict or experimentally control. The considerable variability in measurements of cell-traction forces indicates that they may not be the optimal readout to properly characterize cell contractile state and that a significant part of the contractile energy is not transferred to cell anchorage but instead is involved in actin network dynamics. Here we discuss the experimental, numerical, and biological parameters that may be responsible for the variability in traction force production. We argue that limiting these sources of variability and investigating the dissipation of mechanical work that occurs with structural rearrangements and the disengagement of force transmission is key for further understanding of cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Kurzawa
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Vianay
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d’Hematologie, UMRS1160, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Senger
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Timothée Vignaud
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d’Hematologie, UMRS1160, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- CytoMorpho Lab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d’Hematologie, UMRS1160, 75010 Paris, France
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20
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Steucke KE, Win Z, Stemler TR, Walsh EE, Hall JL, Alford PW. Empirically Determined Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Mechano-Adaptation Law. J Biomech Eng 2017; 139:2619314. [PMID: 28418526 PMCID: PMC5467037 DOI: 10.1115/1.4036454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease can alter the mechanical environment of the vascular system, leading to mechano-adaptive growth and remodeling. Predictive models of arterial mechano-adaptation could improve patient treatments and outcomes in cardiovascular disease. Vessel-scale mechano-adaptation includes remodeling of both the cells and extracellular matrix. Here, we aimed to experimentally measure and characterize a phenomenological mechano-adaptation law for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within an artery. To do this, we developed a highly controlled and reproducible system for applying a chronic step-change in strain to individual VSMCs with in vivo like architecture and tracked the temporal cellular stress evolution. We found that a simple linear growth law was able to capture the dynamic stress evolution of VSMCs in response to this mechanical perturbation. These results provide an initial framework for development of clinically relevant models of vascular remodeling that include VSMC adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerianne E Steucke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Zaw Win
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Taylor R Stemler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Emily E Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2231 6th Street SE CCRB, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 312 Church Street SE NHH 7-105, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail:
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21
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Nagarajan N, Vyas V, Huey BD, Zorlutuna P. Modulation of the contractility of micropatterned myocardial cells with nanoscale forces using atomic force microscopy. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2016; 3:1849543516675348. [PMID: 29942390 PMCID: PMC5998274 DOI: 10.1177/1849543516675348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to modulate cardiomyocyte contractility is important for bioengineering applications ranging from heart disease treatments to biorobotics. In this study, we examined the changes in contraction frequency of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes upon single-cell-level nanoscale mechanical stimulation using atomic force microscopy. To measure the response of same density of cells, they were micropatterned into micropatches of fixed geometry. To examine the effect of the substrate stiffness on the behavior of cells, they were cultured on a stiffer and a softer surface, glass and poly (dimethylsiloxane), respectively. Upon periodic cyclic stimulation of 300 nN at 5 Hz, a significant reduction in the rate of synchronous contraction of the cell patches on poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates was observed with respect to their spontaneous beat rate, while the cell patches on glass substrates maintained or increased their contraction rate after the stimulation. On the other hand, single cells mostly maintained their contraction rate and could only withstand a lower magnitude of forces compared to micropatterned cell patches. This study reveals that the contraction behavior of cardiomyocytes can be modulated mechanically through cyclic nanomechanical stimulation, and the degree and mode of this modulation depend on the cell connectivity and substrate mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerajha Nagarajan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Varun Vyas
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Bryan D Huey
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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22
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van Loosdregt IAEW, Dekker S, Alford PW, Oomens CWJ, Loerakker S, Bouten CVC. Intrinsic Cell Stress is Independent of Organization in Engineered Cell Sheets. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2016; 9:181-192. [PMID: 27778297 PMCID: PMC5988777 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-016-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cell contractility is of fundamental importance for cardiovascular tissue engineering, due to its major impact on the tissue’s mechanical properties as well as the development of permanent dimensional changes, e.g., by contraction or dilatation of the tissue. Previous attempts to quantify contractile cellular stresses mostly used strongly aligned monolayers of cells, which might not represent the actual organization in engineered cardiovascular tissues such as heart valves. In the present study, therefore, we investigated whether differences in organization affect the magnitude of intrinsic stress generated by individual myofibroblasts, a frequently used cell source for in vitro engineered heart valves. Four different monolayer organizations were created via micro-contact printing of fibronectin lines on thin PDMS films, ranging from strongly anisotropic to isotropic. Thin film curvature, cell density, and actin stress fiber distribution were quantified, and subsequently, intrinsic stress and contractility of the monolayers were determined by incorporating these data into sample-specific finite element models. Our data indicate that the intrinsic stress exerted by the monolayers in each group correlates with cell density. Additionally, after normalizing for cell density and accounting for differences in alignment, no consistent differences in intrinsic contractility were found between the different monolayer organizations, suggesting that the intrinsic stress exerted by individual myofibroblasts is independent of the organization. Consequently, this study emphasizes the importance of choosing proper architectural properties for scaffolds in cardiovascular tissue engineering, as these directly affect the stresses in the tissue, which play a crucial role in both the functionality and remodeling of (engineered) cardiovascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge A E W van Loosdregt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Dekker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cees W J Oomens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Nesmith AP, Wagner MA, Pasqualini FS, O'Connor BB, Pincus MJ, August PR, Parker KK. A human in vitro model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy muscle formation and contractility. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:47-56. [PMID: 27697929 PMCID: PMC5057287 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201603111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue weakness, like all weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), occurs as a result of contraction-induced muscle damage and deficient muscular repair. Although membrane fragility is known to potentiate injury in DMD, whether muscle stem cells are implicated in deficient muscular repair remains unclear. We hypothesized that DMD myoblasts are less sensitive to cues in the extracellular matrix designed to potentiate structure-function relationships of healthy muscle. To test this hypothesis, we drew inspiration from the tongue and engineered contractile human muscle tissues on thin films. On this platform, DMD myoblasts formed fewer and smaller myotubes and exhibited impaired polarization of the cell nucleus and contractile cytoskeleton when compared with healthy cells. These structural aberrations were reflected in their functional behavior, as engineered tongues from DMD myoblasts failed to achieve the same contractile strength as healthy tongue structures. These data suggest that dystrophic muscle may fail to organize with respect to extracellular cues necessary to potentiate adaptive growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Nesmith
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Matthew A Wagner
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Francesco S Pasqualini
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Blakely B O'Connor
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Mark J Pincus
- Sanofi U.S.-Tucson Innovation Center, Oro Valley, AZ 85755
| | - Paul R August
- Sanofi U.S.-Tucson Innovation Center, Oro Valley, AZ 85755
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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24
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Tandon I, Razavi A, Ravishankar P, Walker A, Sturdivant NM, Lam NT, Wolchok JC, Balachandran K. Valve interstitial cell shape modulates cell contractility independent of cell phenotype. J Biomech 2016; 49:3289-3297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Aratyn-Schaus Y, Pasqualini FS, Yuan H, McCain ML, Ye GJC, Sheehy SP, Campbell PH, Parker KK. Coupling primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in an in vitro model of cardiac cell therapy. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:389-97. [PMID: 26858266 PMCID: PMC4754718 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201508026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling of stronger primary and weaker stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes results in junctional substrate adhesions that maintain structural integrity but impair force transmission and this may contribute to the limited efficacy of cell therapy in vivo. The efficacy of cardiac cell therapy depends on the integration of existing and newly formed cardiomyocytes. Here, we developed a minimal in vitro model of this interface by engineering two cell microtissues (μtissues) containing mouse cardiomyocytes, representing spared myocardium after injury, and cardiomyocytes generated from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, to model newly formed cells. We demonstrated that weaker stem cell–derived myocytes coupled with stronger myocytes to support synchronous contraction, but this arrangement required focal adhesion-like structures near the cell–cell junction that degrade force transmission between cells. Moreover, we developed a computational model of μtissue mechanics to demonstrate that a reduction in isometric tension is sufficient to impair force transmission across the cell–cell boundary. Together, our in vitro and in silico results suggest that mechanotransductive mechanisms may contribute to the modest functional benefits observed in cell-therapy studies by regulating the amount of contractile force effectively transmitted at the junction between newly formed and spared myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Aratyn-Schaus
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Francesco S Pasqualini
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Megan L McCain
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - George J C Ye
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Patrick H Campbell
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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26
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Ji H, Atchison L, Chen Z, Chakraborty S, Jung Y, Truskey GA, Christoforou N, Leong KW. Transdifferentiation of human endothelial progenitors into smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 2016; 85:180-194. [PMID: 26874281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Access to smooth muscle cells (SMC) would create opportunities for tissue engineering, drug testing, and disease modeling. Herein we report the direct conversion of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) to induced smooth muscle cells (iSMC) by induced expression of MYOCD. The EPC undergo a cytoskeletal rearrangement resembling that of mesenchymal cells within 3 days post initiation of MYOCD expression. By day 7, the reprogrammed cells show upregulation of smooth muscle markers ACTA2, MYH11, and TAGLN by qRT-PCR and ACTA2 and MYH11 expression by immunofluorescence. By two weeks, they resemble umbilical artery SMC in microarray gene expression analysis. The iSMC, in contrast to EPC control, show calcium transients in response to phenylephrine stimulation and a contractility an order of magnitude higher than that of EPC as determined by traction force microscopy. Tissue-engineered blood vessels constructed using iSMC show functionality with respect to flow- and drug-mediated vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaYeun Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Leigh Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Syandan Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nicolas Christoforou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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27
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Li Y, Kilian KA. Bridging the Gap: From 2D Cell Culture to 3D Microengineered Extracellular Matrices. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2780-96. [PMID: 26592366 PMCID: PMC4780579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically the culture of mammalian cells in the laboratory has been performed on planar substrates with media cocktails that are optimized to maintain phenotype. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that much of biology discerned from 2D studies does not translate well to the 3D microenvironment. Over the last several decades, 2D and 3D microengineering approaches have been developed that better recapitulate the complex architecture and properties of in vivo tissue. Inspired by the infrastructure of the microelectronics industry, lithographic patterning approaches have taken center stage because of the ease in which cell-sized features can be engineered on surfaces and within a broad range of biocompatible materials. Patterning and templating techniques enable precise control over extracellular matrix properties including: composition, mechanics, geometry, cell-cell contact, and diffusion. In this review article we explore how the field of engineered extracellular matrices has evolved with the development of new hydrogel chemistry and the maturation of micro- and nano- fabrication. Guided by the spatiotemporal regulation of cell state in developing tissues, techniques for micropatterning in 2D, pseudo-3D systems, and patterning within 3D hydrogels will be discussed in the context of translating the information gained from 2D systems to synthetic engineered 3D tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
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28
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Luu TU, Gott SC, Woo BWK, Rao MP, Liu WF. Micro- and Nanopatterned Topographical Cues for Regulating Macrophage Cell Shape and Phenotype. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28665-72. [PMID: 26605491 PMCID: PMC4797644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the interactions between macrophages and biomaterials is critical for modulating the response to implants. While it has long been thought that biomaterial surface chemistry regulates the immune response, recent studies have suggested that material geometry may in fact dominate. Our previous work demonstrated that elongation of macrophages regulates their polarization toward a pro-healing phenotype. In this work, we elucidate how surface topology might be leveraged to alter macrophage cell morphology and polarization state. Using a deep etch technique, we fabricated titanium surfaces containing micro- and nanopatterned grooves, which have been previously shown to promote cell elongation. Morphology, phenotypic markers, and cytokine secretion of murine bone marrow derived macrophages on different groove widths were analyzed. The results suggest that micro- and nanopatterned grooves influenced macrophage elongation, which peaked on substrates with 400-500 nm wide grooves. Surface grooves did not affect inflammatory activation but drove macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-healing phenotype. While secretion of TNF-alpha remained low in macrophages across all conditions, macrophages secreted significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, on intermediate groove widths compared to cells on other Ti surfaces. Our findings highlight the potential of using surface topography to regulate macrophage function, and thus control the wound healing and tissue repair response to biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy U. Luu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of California at Irvine
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California at Irvine
| | - Shannon C. Gott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside
| | - Bryan W. K. Woo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside
| | - Masaru P. Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside
| | - Wendy F. Liu
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California at Irvine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Irvine
- Corresponding Author Address: University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, Tel.: +1 949 824 1682; fax: +1 949 824 9968,
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29
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Poellmann MJ, Estrada JB, Boudou T, Berent ZT, Franck C, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Differences in Morphology and Traction Generation of Cell Lines Representing Different Stages of Osteogenesis. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:124503. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to osteoblasts and form bone. The morphology and root mean squared (RMS) traction of four cell types representing different stages of osteogenesis were quantified. Undifferentiated D1, differentiated D1, MC3T3-E1, and MLO-A5 cell types were evaluated using both automated image analysis of cells stained for F-actin and by traction force microscopy (TFM). Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell lines were small, spindly, and exerted low traction, while differentiated osteoblasts were large, had multiple processes, and exerted higher traction. Size, shape, and traction all correlated with the differentiation stage. Thus, cell morphology evolved and RMS traction increased with differentiation. The results provide a foundation for further work with these cell lines to study the mechanobiology of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Poellmann
- Mem. ASME Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Thomas Boudou
- Laboratory of Materials and Physical Engineering, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Grenoble 38016, France
| | - Zachary T. Berent
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Christian Franck
- Mem. ASME School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 e-mail:
| | - Amy J. Wagoner Johnson
- Mem. ASME Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 e-mail:
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30
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Ye GJC, Nesmith AP, Parker KK. The role of mechanotransduction on vascular smooth muscle myocytes' [corrected] cytoskeleton and contractile function. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 297:1758-69. [PMID: 25125187 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle (SM) exhibits a highly organized structural hierarchy that extends over multiple spatial scales to perform a wide range of functions at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels. Early efforts primarily focused on understanding vascular SM (VSM) function through biochemical signaling. However, accumulating evidence suggests that mechanotransduction, the process through which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical cues, is requisite for regulating contractility. Cytoskeletal proteins that comprise the extracellular, intercellular, and intracellular domains are mechanosensitive and can remodel their structure and function in response to external mechanical cues. Pathological stimuli such as malignant hypertension can act through the same mechanotransductive pathways to induce maladaptive remodeling, leading to changes in cellular shape and loss of contractile function. In both health and disease, the cytoskeletal architecture integrates the mechanical stimuli and mediates structural and functional remodeling in the VSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J C Ye
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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31
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Fediuk J, Dakshinamurti S. A role for actin polymerization in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:185-94. [PMID: 25695400 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is defined as the failure of normal pulmonary vascular relaxation at birth. Hypoxia is known to impede postnatal disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton in pulmonary arterial myocytes, resulting in elevation of smooth muscle α-actin and γ-actin content in elastic and resistance pulmonary arteries in PPHN compared with age-matched controls. This review examines the original histological characterization of PPHN with attention to cytoskeletal structural remodeling and actin isoform abundance, reviews the existing evidence for understanding the biophysical and biochemical forces at play during neonatal circulatory transition, and specifically addresses the role of the cortical actin architecture, primarily identified as γ-actin, in the transduction of mechanical force in the hypoxic PPHN pulmonary circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Fediuk
- Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada., Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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32
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Abuhattum S, Gefen A, Weihs D. Ratio of total traction force to projected cell area is preserved in differentiating adipocytes. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1212-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During obesity development, preadipocytes proliferate and differentiate into new mature adipocytes, to increase the storage capacity of triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shada Abuhattum
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 3200003
- Israel
| | - Amit Gefen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Daphne Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 3200003
- Israel
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33
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Win Z, Vrla GD, Steucke KE, Sevcik EN, Hald ES, Alford PW. Smooth muscle architecture within cell-dense vascular tissues influences functional contractility. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:1201-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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