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de Lavor TS, Teixeira MHS, de Matos PA, Lino RC, Silva CMF, do Carmo MEG, Beletti ME, Patrocinio AOT, de Oliveira Júnior RJ, Tsubone TM. The impact of biomolecule interactions on the cytotoxic effects of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112600. [PMID: 38759261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Rhenium complexes show great promise as anticancer drug candidates. Specifically, compounds with a Re(CO)3(NN)(py)+ core in their architecture have shown cytotoxicity equal to or greater than that of well-established anticancer drugs based on platinum or organic molecules. This study aimed to evaluate how the strength of the interaction between rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(py)]+, NN = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline (dpq) or dipyrido[3,2-a:2'3'-c]phenazine (dppz) and biomolecules (protein, lipid and DNA) impacted the corresponding cytotoxic effect in cells. Results showed that fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ has higher Log Po/w and binding constant (Kb) with biomolecules (protein, lipid and DNA) compared to complexes of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(py)]+ and fac-[Re(CO)3(dpq)(py)]+. As consequence, fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ exhibited the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 8.5 μM for HeLa cells) for fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ among the studied compounds (IC50 > 15 μM). This highest cytotoxicity of fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ are probably related to its lipophilicity, higher permeation of the lipid bilayers of cells, and a more potent interaction of the dppz ligand with biomolecules (protein and DNA). Our findings open novel avenues for rational drug design and highlight the importance of considering the chemical structures of rhenium complexes that strongly interact with biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and DNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayná Saraiva de Lavor
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Fototerapia e Biomoléculas (LIFeBio), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Alves de Matos
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Fototerapia e Biomoléculas (LIFeBio), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Campos Lino
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Biotecnologia (IBTEC), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara Maria Faria Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Biotecnologia (IBTEC), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eduardo Gomes do Carmo
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Emílio Beletti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio Otavio T Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson José de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Biotecnologia (IBTEC), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Tayana Mazin Tsubone
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Fototerapia e Biomoléculas (LIFeBio), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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2
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van Niekerk A, Chakraborty S, Bellis C, Chellan P, Prince S, Mapolie SF. Binuclear palladacycles with ionisable and non-ionisable tethers as anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112608. [PMID: 38761581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The search for novel anticancer agents to replace the current platinum-based treatments remains an ongoing process. Palladacycles have shown excellent promise as demonstrated by our previous work which yielded BTC2, a binuclear palladadycle with a non-ionisable polyethylene glycol (PEG) tether. Here, we explore the importance of the PEG-tether length on the anticancer activity of the binuclear palladacycles by comparing three analogous binuclear palladacycles, BTC2, BTC5 and BTC6, in the oestrogen receptor positive MCF7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. In addition, these are compared to another analogue with an ionisable morpholine tether, BTC7. Potent anticancer activity was revealed through cell viability studies (MTT assays) revealed that while BTC6 showed similar potent anticancer activity as BTC2, it was less toxic towards non-cancerous cell lines. Interestingly, BTC7 and BTCF were less potent than the PEGylated palladacycles but showed significantly improved selectivity towards the triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell death analysis showed that BTC7 and BTCF significantly induced apoptosis in both the cancer cell lines while the PEGylated complexes induced both apoptosis and secondary necrosis. Furthermore, experimental and computational DNA binding studies indicated partial intercalation and groove binding as the modes of action for the PEGylated palladacycles. Similarly, experimental and computational BSA binding studies indicated and specific binding sites in BSA dependent on the nature of the tethers on the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa,; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - C Bellis
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - P Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - S Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - S F Mapolie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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3
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Baydeniz ŞNU, Uçan Hİ, Sevgi F, Obalı İ, Yılmaz Obalı A. Highly Fluorescent π-Conjugated Azomethines and Divalent Metal Complexes as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Nominees. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03855-x. [PMID: 39078608 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated azomethine ligands differing in the naphthalene or phenylmethane-centered core structure and their divalent cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc metal complexes were prepared and well-characterized by spectral analyses in solid state. Magnetic natures of the complexes were determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements in solid-state. Their remarkable photophysical characteristics were recorded by Uv-vis and Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. At their excitation wavelenght of 265 nm, all molecules exhibited triple fluorescence emission bands with promising intensities above 673 nm in near infra-red region. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the π-conjugated azomethines are promising for potential applications in medical and healthcare settings. Hence, the antibacterial/antibiofilm activity of the π-conjugated azomethine ligands and their metal complexes against some clinically important bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis was investigated, and the obtained results have shown that the ligands and complexes had a remarkable antibacterial effect, especially on Proteus mirabilis. Metal complexes have been found to have a significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by MRSA, MSSA, and P. mirabilis compared to ligands. The copper (II) complex of ligand-2 showed the highest inhibition percentage, significantly reducing biofilm formation for MRSA and MSSA. Furthermore, cobalt (II) complexes of the ligands selectively inhibited the growth of the opportunistic pathogen P. mirabilis biofilms, indicating that metal complexes might be a good choice for future antibiofilm studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Halil İsmet Uçan
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Sevgi
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - İhsan Obalı
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
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4
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Alhagri IA, Alsowayan R, Ghannay S, Al-Hazmy SM, Ahmad I, Patel H, Kadri A, Aouadi K. Synthesis, optical properties, DNA, β-cyclodextrin interactions, and antioxidant evaluation of novel isoxazolidine derivative (ISoXD2): A multispectral and computational analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34561. [PMID: 39113987 PMCID: PMC11305329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ISoXD2 are well explored among versatile and outstanding class of pharmacophores for the preparation and discovery of drugs. Herein, the electronic absorption and emission spectra of ISoXD2 were investigated in three different solvents. The observed transition was attributed to π-π* with charge transfer character. Changes in the excited state and shift of the absorption and emission peaks to longer wavelengths are observed as a result of increasing solvent polarity, due to the interactions between the ISoXD2 molecule and the solvent molecules surrounding it. Changing the solvent confirms its solvatochromic effect. UV-vis and fluorescence analysis revealed that ISoXD2 binds to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by intercalation mode, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1.5. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of DNA bound to ethidium bromide (EB) in the presence of ISoXD2 was investigated. From this analysis, the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (Ksv), quenching rate constant (kq), binding constant (Kb) and binding sites number (n) were found to be 5.654 × 103 M-1, 2.827 × 1011 M-1 s-1, 3.81 × 104 M-1 and 1.225, respectively. The interaction between ISoXD2 and β-CD was investigated through absorption spectra analysis. Kb for this interaction was determined to be 4.9 × 104 M-1. The free radical-scavenging ability of the prepared ISoXD2, examined by DPPH and ABTS assays have shown a good antioxidant activity. Furthermore, modeling study was conducted to explore their plausible binding mechanism with ISoXD2 and to support the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Alhagri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Raghad Alsowayan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeq M. Al-Hazmy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, P.O. Box 1247, Yemen
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Adel Kadri
- Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box (1988), Al-Baha, 65527, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science of Sfax, Department of Chemistry, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kaiss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity/CHPNR, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
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5
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Caković A, Ćoćić D, Živanović M, Janković N, Milivojević N, Delibašić M, Kostić M, Radojević I, Grujović M, Marković KG, Klisurić OR, Vraneš M, Bogojeski J. Enhancing Bioactivity of N,N,N-Chelating Rhodium(III) Complexes with Ionic Liquids: Toward Targeted Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39058952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of using ionic liquids as cosolvents to enhance the solubility and activity of poorly soluble rhodium(III) complexes, particularly those with diene, pyridine derivatives, and camphor-derived bis-pyrazolylpyridine ligands, in relation to 5'-GMP, CT-DNA, and HSA as well as their biological activity. Findings indicate that ionic liquids significantly increase the substitution activity of these complexes toward 5'-GMP while only marginally affecting DNA/HSA binding affinities with molecular docking, further confirming the experimental results. Lipophilicity assessments indicated good lipophilicity. Notably, cytotoxicity studies show that Rh2 is selectively effective against HeLa cancer cells, with IL1 and IL10 modulating the cytotoxic effects. Redox evaluations indicate that rhodium complexes induce oxidative stress in cancerous cells while maintaining redox balance in noncancerous cells. By elucidating the role of ionic liquids in modulating these effects, the study proposes a promising avenue for augmenting the efficacy and selectivity of cancer treatments, thus opening new horizons in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Caković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ćoćić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko Živanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Milivojević
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Delibašić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Center for Forensic and Applied Molecular Genetics, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Radojević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Grujović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina G Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera R Klisurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Vraneš
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bogojeski
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Muley A, Kumbhakar S, Raut R, Mathur S, Roy I, Saini T, Misra A, Maji S. Mononuclear copper(II) complexes with polypyridyl ligands: synthesis, characterization, DNA interactions/cleavages and in vitro cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11697-11712. [PMID: 38912924 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
DNA being the necessary element in cell regeneration, controlled cellular apoptosis via DNA binding/cleaving is considered an approach to combat cancer cells. The widely prescribed metallodrug cisplatin has shown interactions with the guanine-N7 center, and a plethora of complexes are continually developed to enhance crosslinking properties as well as covalent and non-covalent interactions. Two pentadentate ligands, L1 (1-(6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine) and L2 (1-(6-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine), were synthesized together with their respective copper(II) complexes [1](ClO4)2 and [2](ClO4)2, which crystallized in a trigonal bipyramidal fashion. Different analytical and spectroscopic methods confirmed their formation, and their redox behaviour was also examined. The interactions of salmon sperm DNA (ss-DNA) with these two complexes were explored using absorbance spectroscopy, and they both exhibited a binding affinity (Kb) of ∼104 M-1. Fluorescence quenching experiments with ethidium bromide (EB)-bound DNA (EB-DNA) were also performed, and Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) values of 6.93 × 103 and 2.34 × 104 M-1 for [1](ClO4)2 and [2](ClO4)2, respectively, were obtained. Furthermore, DNA conformational changes due to the interactions of both complexes were validated via circular dichroism. We also assessed the DNA cleavage property of these complexes, which resulted in the linearization of circular plasmid DNA. This finding was supported by studying the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells upon treatment with both Cu(II) complexes; IC50 values of 5.34 ± 1.02 μM and 0.83 ± 0.18 μM were obtained for [1](ClO4)2 and [2](ClO4)2, respectively. This validates their affinity towards DNA, and these insights can be further utilized for non-platinum based economical metallodrug development based on first row transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Muley
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Sadananda Kumbhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Rajnikant Raut
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Shobhit Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Taruna Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Ashish Misra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Somnath Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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Bandyopadhyay K, Verma A, Pandey A, Walia R, Saha S. The crucial role of stability of intercalating agent for DNA binding studies in DMSO/water system. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124265. [PMID: 38626674 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive research has been directed towards understanding the interactions between various zinc complexes with DNA, specifically delving into their intercalation and binding behaviors. The binding of zinc complexes to DNA is particularly intriguing due to their distinctive intercalating capabilities. This study unveils a remarkable phenomenon observed with a specific Zn complex, ([B-Zn-N3], where B is a Schiff base ligand), during DNA intercalation investigations in the popular DMSO-Water binary solvent mixture. An unanticipated observation revealed time-dependent changes in the UV-visible absorption spectroscopic studies, coupled with the existence of an isosbestic point. This observation questions the stability of the intercalating agent itself during the intercalation process. The emergence of a decomposed product during the intercalation study has been confirmed through various analytical techniques, including CHN analysis, MALDI mass, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and Powder XRD. The change in the chemical species on intercalation is further substantiated by theoretical studies, adding depth to our understanding of the intricate dynamics at play during DNA intercalation with the [B-Zn-N3] complex in the DMSO-Water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhineet Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajat Walia
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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8
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Chowdhury M, Biswas N, Saha S, Rahaman A, Gupta PS, Banerjee A, Mandal DP, Bhattacharjee S, Zangrando E, Sciortino G, Pisanu F, Garribba E, Roy Choudhury R, Roy Choudhury C. Interaction with CT-DNA and in vitro cytotoxicity of two new copper(II)-based potential drugs derived from octanoic hydrazide ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112546. [PMID: 38593611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Two copper(II) complexes [Cu(Hpmoh)(NO3)(NCS)] (1) and [Cu(peoh)(N3)]2 (2) were designed and synthesized by reaction of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O with hydrazone Schiff base ligands,abbreviated with Hpmoh and Hpeoh. Hpmoh and Hpeoh were prepared by condensation reaction of octanoic hydrazide with pyridine-2-carboxyaldehyde and 2-acetylpyridine, respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized using different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, IR, EPR and single X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses as well as computational methods (DFT). The XRD of 1 and 2 shows a mononuclear or a dinuclear structure with the copper(II) centre adopting a slightly distorted square pyramidal geometry. In water-containing solution and in DMSO, 1 and 2 undergo a partial transformation with formation of [Cu(Hpmoh)(NO3)(NCS)] (1) and [Cu(Hpmoh)(NO3)(H2O/DMSO)] (1a) in one system and [Cu(peoh)(N3)] (2a) in the other one, as supported by DFT calculations. Docking simulations confirmed that the intercalation is the preferred binding mode with DNA for 1, 1a and 2a, but suggested that the minor groove binding is also possible. A significant fluorescence quenching of the DNA-ethidium bromide conjugate was observed upon the addition of complexes 1 and 2 with a quenching constant around 104 M-1 s-1. Finally, both 1 and 2 were examined for anti-cancer activity using MDA-MB-231 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and A375 (malignant melanoma) cell lines through in vitro MTT assay which suggest comparable cancer cell killing efficacy, with the higher effectiveness of 2 due to the dissociation into two [Cu(peoh)(N3)] units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Niladri Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, No. 30, Thakurhat Road, Badu, Madhyamgram, Kolkata, West Bengal 700128, India
| | - Sandeepta Saha
- Sripur High School, Madhyamgram Bazar, Kolkata 700130, India
| | - Ashikur Rahaman
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Poulami Sen Gupta
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Ankur Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Deba Prasad Mandal
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Shamee Bhattacharjee
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Pisanu
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Ruma Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Chowbaga Road, Badu, Kolkata 700 107, India
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9
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Tang J, Yang Y, Yin HY, Ma B, Zhu M, Yang ZS, Peng XX, Jia F, Zhao Y, Wang F, Chen T, Zhang JL. A Platinum-Aluminum Bimetallic Salen Complex for Pro-senescence Cancer Therapy. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400105. [PMID: 38639074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cell senescence is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest, which can be triggered by telomere shortening or by various types of genotoxic stress. Induction of senescence is emerging as a new strategy for the treatment of cancer, especially when sequentially combined with a second senolytic drug capable of killing the resulting senescent cells, however severely suffering from the undesired off-target side effects from the senolytic drugs. Here, we prepare a bimetalic platinum-aluminum salen complex (Alumiplatin) for cancer therapy-a combination of pro-senesence chemotherapy with in situ senotherapy to avoid the side effects. The aluminum salen moiety, as a G-quadruplex stabilizer, enhances the salen's ability to induce cancer cell senescence and this phenotype is in turn sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of the monofunctional platinum moiety. It exhibits an excellent capability for inducing senescence, a potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and an improved safety profile compared to cisplatin. Therefore, Alumiplatin may be a good candidate to be further developed into safe and effective anticancer agents. This novel combination of cell senescence inducers with genotoxic drugs revolutionizes the therapy options of designing multi-targeting anticancer agents to improve the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yan Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Shu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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10
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Koca Fındık B, Jafari M, Song LF, Li Z, Aviyente V, Merz KM. Binding of Phosphate Species to Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in Aqueous Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4298-4307. [PMID: 38718258 PMCID: PMC11137831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate derivatives and their interaction with metal cations are involved in many important biological phenomena, so an accurate characterization of the phosphate-metal interaction is necessary to properly understand the role of phosphate-metal contacts in mediating biological function. Herein, we improved the standard 12-6 Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential via the usage of the 12-6-4 LJ model, which incorporates ion-induced dipole interactions. Via parameter scanning, we fine-tuned the 12-6-4 LJ polarizability values to obtain accurate absolute binding free energies for the phosphate anions H2PO4-, HPO42-, PO43- coordinating with Ca2+ and Mg2+. First, we modified the phosphate 12-6-4 LJ parameters to reproduce the solvation free energies of the series of phosphate anions using the thermodynamic integration (TI) method. Then, using the potential mean force (PMF) method, the polarizability of the metal-phosphate interaction was obtained. We show that the free energy profiles of phosphate ions coordinated to Ca2+ and Mg2+ generally show similar trends at longer metal-phosphate distances, while the absolute binding energy values increased with deprotonation. The resulting parameters demonstrate the flexibility of the 12-6-4 LJ-type nonbonded model and its usefulness in accurately describing cation-anion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Koca Fındık
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lin Frank Song
- Biochemical
and Biophysical Systems Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Kenneth M. Merz
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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11
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Martins FM, Iglesias BA, Chaves OA, Gutknecht da Silva JL, Leal DBR, Back DF. Vanadium(V) complexes derived from triphenylphosphonium and hydrazides: cytotoxicity evaluation and interaction with biomolecules. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8315-8327. [PMID: 38666341 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00464g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of coordination compounds with antineoplastic therapeutic properties is currently focused on non-covalent interactions with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Additionally, the interaction profiles of these compounds with globular plasma proteins, particularly serum albumin, warrant thorough evaluation. In this study, we report on the interactions between biomolecules and complexes featuring hydrazone-type imine ligands coordinated with vanadium. The potential to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of these compounds through mitochondrial targeting is explored. This targeting is facilitated by the derivatization of ligands with triphenylphosphonium groups. Thus, this work presents the synthesis, characterization, interactions, and cytotoxicity of dioxidovanadium(V) complexes (C1-C5) with a triphenylphosphonium moiety. These VV-species are coordinated to hydrazone-type iminic ligands derived from (3-formyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride ([AH]Cl) and aromatic hydrazides ([H2L1]Cl-[H2L5]Cl). The structures of the five complexes were elucidated through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopies, confirming the presence of dioxidovanadium(V) species in various geometries with degrees of distortion (τ = 0.03-0.50) and highlighting their zwitterionic characteristics. The molecular structural stability of C1-C5 in solution was ascertained using 1H, 19F, 31P, and 51V-nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, their interactions with biomolecules were evaluated using diverse spectroscopic methodologies and molecular docking, indicating moderate interactions (Kb ≈ 104 M-1) with calf thymus DNA in the minor groove and with human serum albumin, predominantly in the superficial IB subdomain. Lastly, the cytotoxic potentials of these complexes were assessed in keratinocytes of the HaCaT lineage, revealing that C1-C5 induce a reduction in metabolic activity and cell viability through apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mainardi Martins
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrin Materials, Department of Chemistry, CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Otávio Augusto Chaves
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga s/n, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias (CPIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil
| | | | | | - Davi Fernando Back
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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12
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Pisanu F, Sykula A, Sciortino G, Maseras F, Lodyga-Chruscinska E, Garribba E. Experimental and Computational Studies on the Interaction of DNA with Hesperetin Schiff Base Cu II Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5283. [PMID: 38791321 PMCID: PMC11121494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interactions with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) of three Schiff bases formed by the condensation of hesperetin with benzohydrazide (HHSB or L1H3), isoniazid (HIN or L2H3), or thiosemicarbazide (HTSC or L3H3) and their CuII complexes (CuHHSB, CuHIN, and CuHTSC with the general formula [CuLnH2(AcO)]) were evaluated in aqueous solution both experimentally and theoretically. UV-Vis studies indicate that the ligands and complexes exhibit hypochromism, which suggests helical ordering in the DNA helix. The intrinsic binding constants (Kb) of the Cu compounds with CT-DNA, in the range (2.3-9.2) × 106, from CuHTSC to CuHHSB, were higher than other copper-based potential drugs, suggesting that π-π stacking interaction due to the presence of the aromatic rings favors the binding. Thiazole orange (TO) assays confirmed that ligands and Cu complexes displace TO from the DNA binding site, quenching the fluorescence emission. DFT calculations allow for an assessment of the equilibrium between [Cu(LnH2)(AcO)] and [Cu(LnH2)(H2O)]+, the tautomer that binds CuII, amido (am) and not imido (im), and the coordination mode of HTSC (O-, N, S), instead of (O-, N, NH2). The docking studies indicate that the intercalative is preferred over the minor groove binding to CT-DNA with the order [Cu(L1H2am)(AcO)] > [Cu(L2H2am)(AcO)] ≈ TO ≈ L1H3 > [Cu(L3H2am)(AcO)], in line with the experimental Kb constants, obtained from the UV-Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, dockings predict that the binding strength of [Cu(L1H2am)(AcO)] is larger than [Cu(L1H2am)(H2O)]+. Overall, the results suggest that when different enantiomers, tautomers, and donor sets are possible for a metal complex, a computational approach should be recommended to predict the type and strength of binding to DNA and, in general, to macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pisanu
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Anna Sykula
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Elzbieta Lodyga-Chruscinska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100 Sassari, Italy;
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13
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Goray M, Taylor D, Bibbo E, Fantinato C, Fonneløp AE, Gill P, van Oorschot RAH. Emerging use of air eDNA and its application to forensic investigations - A review. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:916-932. [PMID: 38419135 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological material is routinely collected at crime scenes and from exhibits and is a key type of evidence during criminal investigations. Improvements in DNA technologies allow collection and profiling of trace samples, comprised of few cells, significantly expanding the types of exhibits targeted for DNA analysis to include touched surfaces. However, success rates from trace and touch DNA samples tend to be poorer compared to other biological materials such as blood. Simultaneously, there have been recent advances in the utility of environmental DNA collection (eDNA) in identification and tracking of different biological organisms and species from bacteria to naked mole rats in different environments, including, soil, ice, snow, air and aquatic. This paper examines the emerging methods and research into eDNA collection, with a special emphasis on the potential forensic applications of human DNA collection from air including challenges and further studies required to progress implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Goray
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Bibbo
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chiara Fantinato
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Elida Fonneløp
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Gill
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Office of Chief Forensic Scientist, Macleod, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Huynh M, Vinck R, Gibert B, Gasser G. Strategies for the Nuclear Delivery of Metal Complexes to Cancer Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311437. [PMID: 38174785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The nucleus is an essential organelle for the function of cells. It holds most of the genetic material and plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Since many antitumoral therapies target nucleic acids to induce cell death, tumor-specific nuclear drug delivery could potentiate therapeutic effects and prevent potential off-target side effects on healthy tissue. Due to their great structural variety, good biocompatibility, and unique physico-chemical properties, organometallic complexes and other metal-based compounds have sparked great interest as promising anticancer agents. In this review, strategies for specific nuclear delivery of metal complexes are summarized and discussed to highlight crucial parameters to consider for the design of new metal complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Moreover, the existing opportunities and challenges of tumor-specific, nucleus-targeting metal complexes are emphasized to outline some new perspectives and help in the design of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huynh
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Robin Vinck
- Orano, 125 avenue de Paris, Châtillon, 92320, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
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15
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Ragone F, Yañuk JG, Cabrerizo FM, Prieto E, Wolcan E, Ruiz GT. DNA structural changes (photo)induced by tricarbonyl (pterin)rhenium(I) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112471. [PMID: 38181612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We report on interactions of different types of DNA molecules including double-stranded and plasmid DNA as well as polynucleotides (poly[dGdC]2 and poly[dAdT]2) with fac-[ReI(CO)3(pterin)(H2O)] (or Reptr) complex. The interaction was characterized spectroscopically and changes in the plasmid structure were verified by both electrophoresis and AFM microscopy. For comparative reasons, two others related tricarbonyl rhenium(I) complexes, fac-[(4,4'-bpy)ReI(CO)3(dppz)]+ (or Redppz) and fac-[(CF3SO3)ReI(CO)3(2,2'-bpy)] (or Rebpy) were also studied to further explore the influence of the different co-ligands on the interaction and DNA (photo)damage. Data reported herein suggests that DNA molecules can be structurally modified either by direct interaction with Re(I) complexes in their ground states inducing DNA relaxation, and/or through photoinduced cross-linking processes. The chemical nature of the co-ligands modulates the extent of the damage observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ragone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - J G Yañuk
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina
| | - F M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina.
| | - E Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina; ICS-UNAJ, Avenida Calchaqui 6200 Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - E Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - G T Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, Sucursal 4, C.C. 16, (B1906ZAA) La Plata, Argentina.
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16
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Kanyora AK, Omondi RO, Ongoma P, Omolo JO, Welsh A, Prince S, Gichumbi J, Mambanda A, Smith GS. Mononuclear η 6-arene ruthenium(II) complexes with pyrazolyl-pyridazine ligands: synthesis, CT-DNA binding, reactivity towards glutathione, and cytotoxicity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:251-264. [PMID: 38494554 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic η6-arene ruthenium(II) complexes with 3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine (Ru1, Ru2, and Ru5) and 3-chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine (Ru3-4) N,N' heterocyclic and η6-arene (cymene (Ru1-4) or toluene (Ru 5)) have been synthesized. The ruthenium(II) complexes have common "three-legged piano-stool" pseudo-octahedral structures known for half-sandwich complexes. Evolution of their UV-Visible absorption spectra in PBS buffer or DMSO over 24 h confirmed their good solvolysis stability. Titrations of the complexes with the calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were monitored using UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The complexes interact moderately with CT-DNA and their binding constants are in the order of 104 M-1. Competitive binding of the complexes to a DNA-Hoechst 33,258 depicted competitive displacement of Hoechst from DNA's minor grooves. These complexes bind to glutathione forming GSH-adducts through S coordination by replacement of a halide, with the iodo-analogues having higher binding constants than the chloro-complexes. Cyclic voltammograms of the complexes exhibited one electron-transfer quasi-reversible process. Trends in the molecular docking data of Ru1-5/DNA were similar to those for DNA binding constants. Of the five, only Ru1, Ru3 and Ru5 showed some activity (moderate) against the MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 59.2-39.9 for which Ru5 was the most active. However, the more difficult-to-treat cell line, MDA-MB 231 cell was recalcitrant to the treatment by these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos K Kanyora
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
| | - Reinner O Omondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Peter Ongoma
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Josiah O Omolo
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Joel Gichumbi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya
| | - Allen Mambanda
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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17
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Jiang W, Zhou P, Chen L, Fu W, Tan Y. Synthesis, crystal structures, and biological activity of aroylhydrazone di-m-chlorobenzyltin complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:87-99. [PMID: 38141090 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Six aroylhydrazone di-m-chlorobenzyltin complexes {[X-C6H4(O)C=N-N=C(Me)COO](MeOH)(m-Cl-C6H4CH2)2Sn}2 (X = p-Me- (1), p-MeO- (2), p-t-Bu- (3), p-NO2- (4), p-OH- (5) or o-OH- (6)) were synthesized and characterized by HRMS (high-resolution mass spectrometry), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) techniques. The molecular structure of complexes 1-6 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The structure of complexes showed a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal configuration around the tin atom center, and the ligands adopted a tridentate chelating mode. Fascinatingly, either one-dimensional infinite chain structures or two-dimensional network structures were observed in the complexes through hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 has the strongest inhibitory effect on MCF7 and HepG2 cell proliferation, its effect was superior to that of the positive control drug cisplatin. The interaction of ct-DNA (calf-thymus DNA) with complex 2 was explored using UV absorption (ultraviolet absorption) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Complex 2 exhibited a moderate affinity for ct-DNA through intercalation modes. The interaction of complex 2 with ct-DNA has also been supported by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, China
| | - Le Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials, College of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, Hunan, China.
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18
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Mathur S, Karumban KS, Muley A, Tuti N, Shaji UP, Roy I, Verma A, Kumawat MK, Roy A, Maji S. Chromophore appended DPA-based copper(II) complexes with a diimine motif towards DNA binding and fragmentation studies. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1163-1177. [PMID: 38105760 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01864d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixed ligand copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)(bpy)](ClO4)21 and [Cu(L2)(bpy)](ClO4)22 (where L1 = 1-(anthracen-9-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine, L2 = 1-(pyren-1-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) were synthesised and characterised thoroughly via different analytical and spectroscopic techniques i.e., UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, HRMS and EPR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the synthesised complexes were obtained using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Both complexes exhibited penta-coordinated and acquired distorted square pyramidal geometry. The redox behaviour of complexes 1 and 2 was investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry. The DNA binding study was carried out by UV-vis spectrophotometry using double-stranded salmon sperm DNA (ds-ss-DNA). The binding constant (Kb) values of 1 and 2 were 0.11 × 104 M-1 and 1.05 × 104 M-1, respectively, which indicates that 2 has better binding ability than 1. This might be due to the higher conjugative abilities with the extended surface area of the aromatic pyrene ring compared to the anthracene moiety. The fluorescence quenching experiments were also performed with EB bound DNA (EB-DNA) and Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) values were calculated as 1.23 × 105 M-1 and 1.39 × 105 M-1 for 1 and 2, respectively, suggesting that 2 showed stronger interaction with ss-DNA than 1. The molecular docking data support the DNA-binding studies, with the sites and mode of interactions against B-DNA varying with 1 and 2. Evaluation of the DNA binding properties of the complexes to linearized plasmid DNA indicated that 2 had modest DNA binding properties, which is a pre-requisite for a genotoxic agent. The effect of 1 and 2 on cell survival was analysed using HeLa cells by MTT assay and it was observed that the IC50 values of 1 and 2 were 43.7 μM and 18.6 μM, respectively. Our study paves the way for the designing of bio-inspired novel mixed metal complexes, which shows promising results for further exploration of molecular and mechanistic studies towards the development of non-platinum based economical metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Kalai Selvan Karumban
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Arabinda Muley
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Nikhil Tuti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Indrajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Anushka Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Anindya Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Somnath Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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19
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Kowalik M, Masternak J, Olszewski M, Maciejewska N, Kazimierczuk K, Sitkowski J, Dąbrowska AM, Chylewska A, Makowski M. Anticancer Study on Ir III and Rh III Half-Sandwich Complexes with the Bipyridylsulfonamide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1296-1316. [PMID: 38174357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic half-sandwich complexes [(η5-Cp)IrCl(L)]PF6 (1) and [(η5-Cp)RhCl(L)]PF6 (2) were prepared using pentamethylcyclopentadienyl chloride dimers of iridium(III) or rhodium(III) with the 4-amino-N-(2,2'-bipyridin-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide ligand (L) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate. The crystal structures of L, 1, and 2 were analyzed in detail. The coordination reactions of the ligand with the central ions were confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, the interactions between sulfaligand, Ir(III), and Rh(III) complexes with carbonic anhydrase (CA), human serum albumin (HSA), and CT-DNA were investigated. The iridium(III) complex (1) did not show any antiproliferative properties against four different cancer cell lines, i.e., nonsmall cell lung cancer A549, colon cancer HCT-116, breast cancer MCF7, lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm-6, and a nonmalignant human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293, due to high binding affinity to GSH. The sulfonamide ligand (L) and rhodium(III) complex (2) were further studied. L showed competitive inhibition toward CA, while complexes 1 and 2, uncompetitive. All compounds interacted with HSA, causing a conformational change in the protein's α-helical structure, suggesting the induction of a more open conformation in HSA, reducing its biological activity. Both L and 2 were found to induce cell death through a caspase-dependent pathway. These findings position L and 2 as potential starting compounds for pharmaceutical, therapeutic, or medicinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kowalik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Masternak
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academic of Science, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Kozieł S, Wojtala D, Szmitka M, Kędzierski P, Bieńko D, Komarnicka UK. Insights into the binding of half-sandwich phosphino Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes to deoxyribonucleic acid, albumin and apo-transferrin: Experimental and theoretical investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123289. [PMID: 37651843 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of cytotoxic half-sandwich iridium(III) (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (IrPOH)), (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH)), and ruthenium(II) (Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (RuPOH), Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (RuMPOH)) complexes with phosphine ligands exhibit the ability to (i) slow hydrolysis which is reversed by adding a high NaCl concentration; (ii) oxidation of NADH to NAD+; (iii) induction of cytotoxicity towards various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that RuPOH and RuMPOH selectively inhibit the proliferation of skin cancer cells (WM266-4) while Ir(III) complexes were found to be moderate against prostate cancer cells (DU-145). Herein, to elucidate the cytotoxic effects, we investigated the interaction of these complexes with DNA and serum proteins by gel electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking studies. Fluorescence spectroscopic data (calf thymus DNA: CT-DNA titration), together with analysis of DNA fragmentation (gel electrophoresis) and molecular docking provided evidence for the multimodal interaction of Ir(III) and Ru(III) complexes with DNA with predominance of intercalation and minor groove binding. All examined complexes caused single-stranded cleavage of the sugar-phosphate backbone of plasmid DNA. The affinity of the complexes for apo-transferrin (apo-Tf) and human serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy to calculate the binding constants which suggested a tight and reversible binding. Moreover, ruthenium complexes can mimic the binding of iron compounds to specific biomolecules such as albumin and transferrin better than iridium complexes. In silico study indicate that complexes mostly bind to (i) apo-Tf with a preference for a single binding site and/or (ii) to dock within all the four predicted binding sites of HSA with the predominance of site I which include tryptophan residues of HSA. This class of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes has unusual features worthy of further exploration in the design of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Wojtala
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szmitka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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21
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Hakkennes MA, Buda F, Bonnet S. MetalDock: An Open Access Docking Tool for Easy and Reproducible Docking of Metal Complexes. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7816-7825. [PMID: 38048559 PMCID: PMC10751784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the proven potential of metal complexes as therapeutics, the lack of computational tools available for the high-throughput screening of their interactions with proteins is a limiting factor toward clinical developments. To address this challenge, we introduce MetalDock, an easy-to-use, open access docking software for docking metal complexes to proteins. Our tool integrates the AutoDock docking engine with three well-known quantum software packages to automate the docking of metal-organic complexes to proteins. We used a Monte Carlo sampling scheme to obtain the missing Lennard-Jones parameters for 12 metal atom types and demonstrated that these parameters generalize exceptionally well. Our results show that the poses obtained by MetalDock are highly accurate, as they predict the binding geometries experimentally determined by crystal structures with high spatial reproducibility. Three different case studies are presented that demonstrate the versatility of MetalDock for the docking of diverse metal-organic compounds to different biomacromolecules, including nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs
L. A. Hakkennes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Mudi A, Ray S, Bera M, Dolai M, Das M, Kundu P, Laha S, Choudhuri I, Chandra Samanta B, Bhattacharyya N, Maity T. A multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approach for DNA/protein binding study and cell viability assay of first-time reported pendent azide bearing Cu(II)-quercetin and dicyanamide bearing Zn(II)-quercetin complexes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22712. [PMID: 38125469 PMCID: PMC10731082 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, one new quercetin-based Zn(II) complex [Zn(Qr)(CNNCN)(H2O)2] (Complex 1) which is developed by condensation of quercetin with ZnCl2 in the presence of NaN(CN)2 and Cu(II) complex [Cu(Qr)N3(CH3OH)(H2O)] (complex 2) which is developed by the condensation reaction of quercetin and CuCl2 in presence of NaN3, are thoroughly examined in relation to their use in biomedicine. The results of several spectroscopic studied confirm the structure of both the complexes and the Density Functional Theory (DFT) study helps to optimize the structure of complex 1 and 2. After completion of the identification process, DNA and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) binding efficacy of both the investigated complexes are performed by implementing a long range of biophysical studies and a thorough analysis of the results unveils that complex 1 has better interaction efficacy with the macromolecules than complex 2. The binding efficacy of complex 1 is comparatively higher towards both macromolecules because of its pure groove binding mode during interaction with DNA and the presence of an extra H-bond during connection with HSA. The experimental host-guest binding results is fully validated by molecular docking study. Interestingly complex 1 shows better antioxidant properties than complex 2, as well as quercetin, and it has strong anticancer property with minimal damage to normal cells, which is proved by the MTT assay study. Better DNA and HSA binding efficacy of 1 may be the reason for the better anticancer property of complex 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mudi
- Department of Botany, Behala College, Behala, India
| | - Shubham Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Contai, Purba Medinipur, 721404, India
| | - Manjushree Bera
- Department of Nutrition, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Contai, Purba Medinipur, 721404, India
| | - Malay Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Contai, Purba Medinipur, 721404, India
| | - Manik Das
- Department of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Contai, Purba Medinipur, 721404, India
| | - Pronab Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Tithi Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Contai, Purba Medinipur, 721404, India
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23
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Kwon HC, Lee DH, Yoon M, Nayab S, Lee H, Han JH. Novel Cu(II) complexes as DNA-destabilizing agents and their DNA nuclease activity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16802-16811. [PMID: 37902974 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a series of four novel Cu complexes, namely 2-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)quinoline copper(II) nitrate, [LACu(NO3)2] (Cu1), 4-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)morpholine copper(II) nitrate, [LBCu(NO3)2] (Cu2), 4-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)morpholine copper(II) chloride, [LBCuCl2] (Cu3), and 2-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridine copper(II) chloride, [LCCu(μ-Cl)Cl]2 (Cu4). X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the geometry around the Cu(II) center could be best described as distorted octahedral in Cu1 and Cu2, whereas Cu3 and Cu4 showed distorted tetrahedral and square pyramidal geometries, respectively. DNA binding studies showed that Cu complexes Cu1-3 containing quinoline interacted via minor groove binding, whereas the Cu4 complex containing pyridine interacted via intercalation. All Cu complexes containing quinoline and pyridine caused destabilization of DNA at specific homogeneous G-C regions. The Cu1-3 complexes as groove binders destabilized the DNA structure much more than the Cu4 complex as an intercalator. Regarding groove binders, the Cu2 complex containing quinoline and morpholine caused the highest distortion and destabilization of the DNA structure, leading to high DNA cleavage efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chang Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro, Andong, Gyeongbuk, Korea, 36729.
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro, Andong, Gyeongbuk, Korea, 36729.
| | - Minyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saira Nayab
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU), Sheringal Upper Dir (18050), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro, Andong, Gyeongbuk, Korea, 36729.
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24
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Li Y, Du Y, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Luo Z, Ren Y, Chen X, Chen G. Iron and copper: critical executioners of ferroptosis, cuproptosis and other forms of cell death. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:327. [PMID: 37974196 PMCID: PMC10652626 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a regulable cell death that involves well-organized signaling cascades and molecular mechanisms. RCD is implicated in fundamental processes such as organ production and tissue remodeling, removing superfluous structures or cells, and regulating cell numbers. Previous studies have not been able to reveal the complete mechanisms, and novel methods of RCD are constantly being proposed. Two metal ions, iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) are essential factors leading to RCDs that not only induce ferroptosis and cuproptosis, respectively but also lead to cell impairment and eventually diverse cell death. This review summarizes the direct and indirect mechanisms by which Fe and Cu impede cell growth and the various forms of RCD mediated by these two metals. Moreover, we aimed to delineate the interrelationships between these RCDs with the distinct pathways of ferroptosis and cuproptosis, shedding light on the complex and intricate mechanisms that govern cellular survival and death. Finally, the prospects outlined in this review suggest a novel approach for investigating cell death, which may involve integrating current therapeutic strategies and offer a promising solution to overcome drug resistance in certain diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Basic Science Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Qianhui Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijie Luo
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xudan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.
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25
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Jeong J, An SY, Hu X, Zhao Y, Yin R, Szczepaniak G, Murata H, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Biomass RNA for the Controlled Synthesis of Degradable Networks by Radical Polymerization. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21912-21922. [PMID: 37851525 PMCID: PMC10655241 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids extracted from biomass have emerged as sustainable and environmentally friendly building blocks for the fabrication of multifunctional materials. Until recently, the fabrication of biomass nucleic acid-based structures has been facilitated through simple crosslinking of biomass nucleic acids, which limits the possibility of material properties engineering. This study presents an approach to convert biomass RNA into an acrylic crosslinker through acyl imidazole chemistry. The number of acrylic moieties on RNA was engineered by varying the acylation conditions. The resulting RNA crosslinker can undergo radical copolymerization with various acrylic monomers, thereby offering a versatile route for creating materials with tunable properties (e.g., stiffness and hydrophobic characteristics). Further, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization methods, such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), were also explored as additional approaches to engineer the hydrogel properties. The study also demonstrated the metallization of the biomass RNA-based material, thereby offering potential applications in enhancing electrical conductivity. Overall, this research expands the opportunities in biomass-based biomaterial fabrication, which allows tailored properties for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - So Young An
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- University
of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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26
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Silva TUD, Silva ETD, Lima CHDS, Machado SDP. Molecular modeling of [VO(L 1-4)(R)] complexes (R = bipyridine, phenanthroline): DFT study of antioxidant activity, DNA binding and evaluation of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituent groups. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108577. [PMID: 37536232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A DFT (density functional theory) study was conducted with eight oxovanadium complexes (C1 - C8) of general formula [VO(L1-4)(R)] (R = bipyridine, phenanthroline; L1-4 = group of ligands derived from dithiocarbamate). The obtained geometries showed a good correlation with the experimental structures. Molecular orbital analysis revealed that the contribution of the L-ligand in the SOMO (single-occupied molecular orbital) of the complexes correlated with the experimental antioxidant activity (IC50), while the contribution of the R-ligand to the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of the complexes correlated with the experimental complex-DNA interaction (Kb). It has been identified that the presence of an electron-donating substituent group (such as -NH2) in the C5 - C6 structures should enhance these complexes' antioxidant and DNA interaction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talis Uelisson da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sérgio de Paula Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970, Brazil
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27
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Hamukoshi S, Mama N, Schoeman S, Uahengo V. A facile synthesis of a novel 4-hydroxyl-3-azo coumarin based colorimetric probes for detecting Hg 2+ and a fluorescence turn-off response of 3CBD to Fe 3+ in aqueous environment. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31541-31553. [PMID: 37908657 PMCID: PMC10614206 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two azo dyes, (E)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (3CBD) and (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(quinolin-2-yldiazenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (3CQD), were designed and synthesized using facile methods. The structures were validated through FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The photophysical property analyses were further studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometers. Consequently, the absorption and emission spectra of 3CBD confirmed its selectivity of Hg2+ and turn-off response to Fe3+. On the other hand, the absorption spectra analysis of 3CQD demonstrated selectivity in the presence of Hg2+. The colorimetric investigations demonstrated a significant visual response specifically for Hg2+, enabling real-time analysis in the corresponding solutions. The presence of other coexisting metal ions does not interfere with the detection of the target metal ion. The fluorescence studies of the two probes revealed that 3CBD was highly fluorescent, which was significantly quenched by Fe3+, upon excitation at 340 nm. Utilizing Job plot analyses, it was determined that the complexes 3CBD-Hg2+ and 3CQD-Hg2+ exhibit a binding stoichiometry of 1 : 1. The association constants for these complexes were measured to be 7.48 × 105 and 9.12 × 105 M-1, respectively, indicating a strong association between both probes and their respective metal ions. Both chemosensors exhibited comparable limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.03 μM and 0.10 μM, respectively. Reversible studies confirmed that only chemosensor 3CQD could serve as a secondary sensor for EDTA. The theoretical studies calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) program at B3LYP/6-31G** (Spartan '10 package) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Hamukoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Neliswa Mama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Stiaan Schoeman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Veikko Uahengo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia
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Yang Y, Gao Y, Sun Y, Zhao J, Gou S. Study on the Multimodal Anticancer Mechanism of Ru(II)/Ir(III) Complexes Bearing a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13731-13745. [PMID: 37788351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes (Ru1-Ru3 and Ir1-Ir3) with different ancillary ligands and a PARP-1-inhibitory chelating ligand 2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (L1) were designed and prepared. The target complexes were structurally characterized by NMR and ESI-MS techniques. Among them, the crystal and molecular structures of Ir1 and Ir2 were also determined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes retained the PARP-1 enzyme inhibitory effect of L1 and showed potent antiproliferative activity on the tested cancer cell lines. The ruthenium(II) complexes Ru1-Ru3 were found to be more cytotoxic than the iridium(III) complexes Ir1-Ir3. Further investigations revealed that the most active complex Ru3 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by multiple modes, inclusive of inducing DNA damage, suppressing DNA damage repair, disturbing cell cycle distribution, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Grawe GF, Oliveira KM, Leite CM, de Oliveira TD, Costa AR, Moraes CA, Honorato J, Cominetti MR, Castellano EE, Correa RS, Machado SP, Batista AA. Cytotoxic activity of Ru(II)/DPEPhos/N,S-mercapto complexes (DPEPhos -[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether). J Inorg Biochem 2023; 244:112204. [PMID: 37004320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
We report here on three new ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(DPEPhos)(mtz)(bipy)]PF6 (Ru1), [Ru(DPEPhos)(mmi)(bipy)]PF6 (Ru2) and [Ru(DPEPhos)(dmp)(bipy)]PF6 (Ru3). DPEPhos = bis-[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, mtz = 2-mercapto-2-thiazoline, mmi = 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole, dmp = 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine. The compounds were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, and the molecular structure of Ru1 complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxicity of Ru1 - Ru3 complexes were tested against the A549 (human lung) and the MDA-MB-231 (human breast) cancer cell lines and against MRC-5 (non-tumor lung) and MCF-10A (non-tumor breast) cell lines through the MTT assay. All three complexes are cytotoxic against the cell lines studied, with IC50 values lower than those found for the cisplatin. Among them, the Ru2 complex has shown the best selectivity against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, with an IC50 value 12 times lower than that on MCF-10A. The complex Ru2 was capable to induce changes in MDA-MB-231 cells morphology, with loss of cellular adhesion, inhibited colony formation and induce an accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase, with an increase in S-phase and decrease of cells at G2 phase. Viscosity, electrochemical and Hoechst 33258 displacement experiments for Ru1 - Ru3 complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) showed an electrostatic and groove binding mode of interaction. Additionally, the complexes interact with the protein Human Serum Albumin (HSA) by static mechanism. The negative values for ΔH and ΔS indicate that van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding may occurs between the complexes and HSA. Therefore, this class of complexes are promising anticancer candidates and may be selected to further detailed studies.
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Kaesler T, Kirkbride KP, Linacre A. Persistence of touch DNA on commonly encountered substrates in different storage conditions. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 348:111728. [PMID: 37209547 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of touch DNA deposited after realistic handling of items typically encountered in forensic investigations has been the subject of few studies. Understanding the long-term persistence of touch DNA on different substrates in varying conditions can be central to the effective triage of samples for further processing. As the time between an alleged incident and collection of evidence may vary from a few days to years after an alleged event, this study assessed three different common substrates for the persistence of touch DNA over a time span up to 9 months. These substrates included fabric, steel, and rubber, each of which were handled in a way to imitate what may happen during a criminal act. The three substrates were exposed to two different environments for up to 9 months: inside a dark cupboard with no traffic to act as a control and an outside semi-exposed environment. Ten replicates from each of the 3 substrates were tested at 5 time points to create 300 samples. All samples were processed using a standard operating workflow to provide genotype data after exposure to different environments. It was found that the fabric samples produced informative STR profiles (defined here as 12 or more alleles) up to the 9 month timepoint for either environment. The rubber and steel substrates for the inside condition produced informative STR profiles up to the 9 month timepoint, but only generated informative STR profiles for the outside condition up to 3 and 6 months, respectively. These data add to our understanding of the external factors that affect DNA persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Kaesler
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia.
| | - K Paul Kirkbride
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, South Australia
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Novoa-Ramírez CS, Silva-Becerril A, González-Ballesteros MM, Gomez-Vidal V, Flores-Álamo M, Ortiz-Frade L, Gracia-Mora J, Ruiz-Azuara L. Biological activity of mixed chelate copper(II) complexes, with substituted diimine and tridentate Schiff bases (NNO) and their hydrogenated derivatives as secondary ligands: Casiopeína's fourth generation. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112097. [PMID: 36812707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We synthesize and characterize nine copper(II) compounds. Four with general formula [Cu(NNO)(NO3)] and five mixed chelates [Cu(NNO)(N-N)]+, where NNO corresponds to asymmetric salen ligands (E)-2-((2-(methylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenolate (L1) and (E)-3-((2-(methylamino)ethylimino)methyl)naphthalenolate (LN1); and their hydrogenated derivatives 2-((2-(methylamino)ethylamino)methyl)phenolate (LH1) and 3-((2-(methylamino)ethylamino)methyl)naphthalenolate (LNH1); and N-N correspond to 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipiridyne(dmbpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). Using EPR, the geometries of the compounds in solution in DMSO were assigned, [Cu(LN1)(NO3)] and [Cu(LNH1)(NO3)] a square-planar, [Cu(L1)(NO3)], [Cu(LH1)(NO3)], [Cu(L1)(dmby)]+ and [Cu(LH1)(dmby)]+ a square-based pyramid; and [Cu(LN1)(dmby)]+, [Cu(LNH1)(dmby)]+ and [Cu(L1)(phen)]+ and elongated octahedral. By X-ray it was observed that [Cu(L1)(dmby)]+ and. [Cu(LN1)(dmby)]+ presented a square-based pyramidal, and [Cu(LN1)(NO3)]+ a square-planar geometry. The electrochemical study showed that copper reduction process is a quasi-reversible system, where the complexes with hydrogenated ligands were less oxidizing. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was tested by MTT assay, all the compounds showed biological activity in HeLa cell line, the mixed compounds were the more active ones. Naphthalene moiety, imine hydrogenation and aromatic diimine coordination, increased biological activity. A structure-activity relationships were found: Log(IC50) = - 1.01(Epc) - 0.35(Conjugated Rings) + 0.87, for Schiff base complexes and Log(IC50) = 0.078(Epc) - 0.32(Conjugated Rings) + 1.94, for hydrogenated complexes; the less oxidizing species with a great number of conjugated rings presented the best biological activity. Complexes-DNA binding constants were obtained by uv-vis studies using CT-DNA, the results suggested that the complexes can interact through the grooves, except the phenanthroline mixed complex that intercalate with DNA. Gel electrophoresis study with pBR 322 showed that compounds can produce changes in the form of DNA and some complexes can cleave DNA in the presence of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sinai Novoa-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Areli Silva-Becerril
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Misael González-Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Virginia Gomez-Vidal
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Álamo
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo a la Investigación y a la Industria, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Ortiz-Frade
- Departamento de Electroquímica, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C. Parque Tecnológico, Sanfandila, Pedro de Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gracia-Mora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lena Ruiz-Azuara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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32
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Burguera S, Frontera A, Bauza A. Regium-π Bonds Involving Nucleobases: Theoretical Study and Biological Implications. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6740-6750. [PMID: 37083254 PMCID: PMC10155183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we provide crystallographic (Protein Data Bank (PDB) inspection) and theoretical (RI-MP2/def2-TZVP//PBE0-D3/def2-SVP level of theory) evidence of the involvement of nucleobases in Regium-π bonds (RgBs). This noncovalent interaction involves an electrophilic site located on an element of group 11 (Cu, Ag, and Au) and an electron-rich species (lone pair, LP donor, or π-system). Concretely, an initial PDB search revealed several examples where RgBs were undertaken involving DNA bases and Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(I/III) ions. While coordination positions (mainly at the N atoms of the base) are well known, the noncovalent binding force between these counterparts has been scarcely studied in the literature. In this regard, computational models shed light on the strength and directionality properties of the interaction, which was also further characterized from a charge-density perspective using Bader's "atoms in molecules" (AIM) theory, noncovalent interaction plot (NCIplot) visual index, and natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses. As far as our knowledge extends, this is the first time that RgBs in metal-DNA complexes are systematically analyzed, and we believe the results might be useful for scientists working in the field of nucleic acid engineering and chemical biology as well as to increase the visibility of the interaction among the biological community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Burguera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Bauza
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Baleares, Spain
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Icsel C, Yilmaz VT, Aygun M, Erkisa M, Ulukaya E. Water-soluble copper(II) 5-fluorouracil complexes bearing polypyridyl co-ligands: synthesis, structures and anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:7048-7058. [PMID: 36939483 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Five newly synthesized copper(II) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) complexes of polypyridyl co-ligands with good solubility in water, namely [CuCl(5-FU)(bpy)(DMSO)] (1), [Cu(5-FU)(phen)2](5-FU)·4H2O (2), [Cu(5-FU)(dpya)2](NO3)·2.5H2O (3), [Cu(5-FU)(NO3)(bpyma)]·H2O (4) and [CuCl(5-FU)(terpy)] (5) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dpya = 2,2'-dipyridylamine, bpyma = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and terpy = 2,2';6',2''-terpyridine), were characterized by elemental analysis and a number of spectrometric methods. The structures of complexes 1-5 were determined by X-ray crystallography and the copper(II) ions were five coordinate. Cytotoxic activity of the complexes in four human cancer cell lines, A549 (lung carcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (breast carcinoma), HCT116 (colon carcinoma) and DU145 (prostate carcinoma), and a normal cell line, BEAS-2B (human lung epithelial), was determined by SRB assay and compared with that of 5-FU and cisplatin. The complexation of 5-FU together with polypyridyl ligands resulted in a significant increase in the cytotoxicity of the complexes, with complex 2 exhibiting the highest anticancer potency against all the cell lines, with HCT116 being the most sensitive. The mode of action of cell death for 2 was investigated using morphological imaging and cytometric analyses, including the capacity for induction of apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Icsel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Veysel T Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Muhittin Aygun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35210 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Erkisa
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School of Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
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He L, Shang M, Chen Z, Yang Z. Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanocarriers for Functional Nucleic Acid Delivery in Biomedical Applications. CHEM REC 2023:e202300018. [PMID: 36912736 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a distinctive funtionalmaterials which is constructed by various metal ions and organic molecules, have gradually attracted researchers' attention from they were founded. In the last decade, MOFs emerge as a biomedical material with potential applications due to their unique properties. However, the MOFs performed as nanocarriers for functional nucleic acid delivery in biomedical applications rarely summarized. In this review, we introduce recent developments of MOFs for nucleic acid delivery in various biologically relevant applications, with special emphasis on cancer therapy (including siRNA, ASO, DNAzyme, miRNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides), bioimaging, biosensors and separation of biomolecules. We expect the accomplishment of this review could benefit certain researchers in biomedical field to develop novel sophisticated nanocarriers for functional nucleic acid delivery based on the promising material of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mengdi Shang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhongkai Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhaoqi Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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35
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Pan A, Bhaduri R, Mandal S, Kumar Tarai S, Bagchi A, Biswas A, Moi SC. Photophysical study on DNA & BSA binding and cytotoxic behaviour of piperidine-Pt(II) complexes: their kinetics & mechanism and molecular docking. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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36
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Arjmand F, Yasir Khan H, Tabassum S. Progress of Metal-Based Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Agents in Last two Decades and their Comprehensive Biological (DNA/RNA Binding, Cleavage and Cytotoxicity Activity) Studies. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200247. [PMID: 36762719 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
During last two decades, there has been an enormous growth in the discovery of innovative active inorganic anticancer complexes (exerting remarkable cytotoxicity at sub micro-molar levels) derived from myriad ligand scaffolds, mainly acting on cancerous vs healthy cells by either halting or inhibiting their uncontrolled growth. The phenomenal success of cisplatin to treat numerous forms of solid malignancies has placed metal-based drugs to the forefront of treatment strategies against cancers. More than 10,000 platinum anticancer complexes have been developed during the past 40 years, but only five drugs have been approved for usage in humans while ten more complexes are currently undergoing clinical trials. Most of the compounds have failed either at R&D stages or in preclinical trails. This has led to extensive investigations by researchers of medicinal chemistry, including our group to design and prepare tailored 3d-metallo-drugs and organotin(IV) compounds from some naturally occurring bioactive compounds, such as amino-acids, peptides, chromone derivatives and NSAID's etc. that were used either alone or in cocktail combination, capable of specifically targeting DNA, lnc RNAs and proteins. Furthermore, 3d-metal ions such as copper, cobalt and zinc etc. incorporated in these ligand framework are biocompatible and induce a unique multi-modal mechanism of cytotoxic action involving angiogenesis, ROS-induced DNA damage, apoptosis by p53 mitochondrial genes and caspases etc. The results observed a positive correlation between the binding affinity of complexes with DNA (as quantified by intrinsic binding constant values) and their cytotoxic behavior. Complexes with high DNA binding propensity were typically lethal against a diverse panel of malignant cell types compared to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India-, 202002
| | - Huzaifa Yasir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India-, 202002
| | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India-, 202002
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37
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van Niekerk A, Blanckenberg A, Kimani S, Chakraborty S, Prince S, Chellan P, Mapolie S. Mechanistic insights into the anti-cancer activity of the PEGylated binuclear palladacycle, BTC2, against triple-negative breast cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112191. [PMID: 36996694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a low five-year survival rate, especially if the cancer is diagnosed at a late stage and has already metastasized beyond the breast tissue. Current chemotherapeutic options for TNBC rely on traditional platinum-containing drugs like cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. Unfortunately, these drugs are indiscriminately toxic, resulting in severe side effects and the development of drug resistance. Palladium compounds have shown to be viable alternatives to platinum complexes since they are less toxic and have displayed selectivity towards the TNBC cell lines. Here we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of binuclear benzylidene palladacycles with varying phosphine bridging ligands. From this series we have identified BTC2 to be more soluble (28.38-56.77 μg/mL) and less toxic than its predecessor, AJ5, while maintaining its anticancer properties (IC50 (MDA-MB-231) = 0.58 ± 0.012 μM). To complement the previous cell death pathway study of BTC2, we investigated the DNA and BSA binding properties of BTC2 through various spectroscopic and electrophoretic techniques, as well as molecular docking studies. We demonstrate that BTC2 displays multimodal DNA binding properties as both a partial intercalator and groove binder, with the latter being the predominant mode of action. BTC2 was also able to quench the fluorescence of BSA, thereby suggesting that the compound could be transported by albumin in mammalian cells. Molecular docking studies revealed that BTC2 is a major groove binder and binds preferentially to subdomain IIB of BSA. This study provides insight into the influence of the ligands on the activity of the binuclear palladacycles and provides much needed information on the mechanisms through which these complexes elicit their potent anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Angelique Blanckenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Serah Kimani
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7625, South Africa
| | - Suparna Chakraborty
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7625, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7625, South Africa
| | - Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Selwyn Mapolie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Leitao RCF, Silva F, Ribeiro GH, Santos IC, Guerreiro JF, Mendes F, Batista AA, Pavan FR, da S Maia PI, Paulo A, Deflon VM. Gallium and indium complexes with isoniazid-derived ligands: Interaction with biomolecules and biological activity against cancer cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112091. [PMID: 36527994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gallium and indium octahedral complexes with isoniazid derivative ligands were successfully prepared. The ligands, isonicotinoyl benzoylacetone (H2L1) and 4-chlorobenzoylacetone isonicotinoyl hydrazone (H2L2), and their respective coordination compounds with gallium and indium [GaL1(HL1)] (GaL1), [GaL2(HL2)] (GaL2), [InL1(HL1)] (InL1) and [InL2(HL2)] (InL2) were investigated by NMR, ESI-MS, UV-Vis, IR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. In vitro interaction studies with human serum albumin (HSA) evidenced a moderate affinity of all complexes with HSA through spontaneous hydrophobic interactions. The greatest suppression of HSA fluorescence was caused by GaL2 and InL2, which was associated to the higher lipophilicity of H2L2. In vitro interaction studies with CT-DNA indicated weak interactions of the biomolecule with all complexes. Cytotoxicity assays with MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), PC-3 (prostate carcinoma) and RWPE-1 (healthy human prostate epithelial) cell lines showed that complexes with H2L2 are more active and selective against MCF-7, with the greatest cytotoxicity observed for InL2 (IC50 = 10.34 ± 1.69 μM). H2L1 and H2L2 were labelled with gallium-67, and it was verified that 67GaL2 has a greater lipophilicity than 67GaL1, as well as higher stability in human serum or in the presence of apo-transferrin. Cellular uptake assays with 67GaL1 and 67GaL2 evidenced that the H2L2-containing radiocomplex has a higher accumulation in MCF-7 and PC-3 cells than the non-halogenated congener 67GaL1. The anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis assays revealed that both ligands and metal complexes are potent growth inhibitors, with MIC90 (μg mL-1) values observed from 0.419 ± 0.05 to 1.378 ± 0.21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan C F Leitao
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Gabriel H Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Guerreiro
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Pavan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ivo da S Maia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victor M Deflon
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Varghese N, Jose JR, Krishna PM, Philip D, Joy F, Vinod TP, Prathapachandra Kurup MR, Nair Y. In vitro
Analytical Techniques as Screening Tools to investigate the Metal chelate‐DNA interactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560 029 Karnataka India
| | - Joyna Reba Jose
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560 029 Karnataka India
| | - P. Murali Krishna
- Department of Chemistry Ramaiah institute of technology MSRIT Post, M S Ramaiah Nagar Bengaluru 560054 Karnataka India
| | - Darit Philip
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560 029 Karnataka India
| | - Francis Joy
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560 029 Karnataka India
| | - T. P. Vinod
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560 029 Karnataka India
| | | | - Yamuna Nair
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560 029 Karnataka India
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Antiproliferative Activity of Antibiotics through DNA Binding Mechanism: Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032563. [PMID: 36768885 PMCID: PMC9916907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of three antibiotics clinically use, was studied through DNA inhibition mechanisms, ex vivo, in silico and in vitro. The ex vivo interaction of DNA with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP·HCl), penicillin G sodium salt (PEN·Na), and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC·HCl) was determined by UV-Vis spectra and viscosity measurements. Furthermore, their binding constants (Kb) toward CT-DNA were calculated (Kb = (2.8 ± 0.6) × 104 (CIP·HCl), (0.4 ± 0.1) × 104 (PEN·Na) and (6.9 ± 0.3) × 104 (TC·HCl) Μ-1). Docking studies on the binding interactions of antibiotics with DNA were performed to rationalize the ex vivo results. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the antibiotics was evaluated against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells (IC50 values: 417.4 ± 28.2 (CIP·HCl), >2000 (PEN·Na) and 443.1 ± 17.2 (TC·HCl) μΜ). Cell cycle arrest studies confirmed the apoptotic type of MCF-7 cells. The toxicity of the studied agents was in vitro tested against human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The results are compared with the corresponding one for doxorubicin (DOX). Despite their low binding affinity to DNA (Kb) or their different mode of interaction, TC·HCl (anthracycline) or CIP·HCl (quinolones), exhibit notable antiproliferative activity and low toxicity.
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Biere N, Kreft D, Walhorn V, Schwarzbich S, Glaser T, Anselmetti D. Dinuclear complex-induced DNA melting. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:26. [PMID: 36691056 PMCID: PMC9869567 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinuclear copper complexes have been designed for molecular recognition in order to selectively bind to two neighboring phosphate moieties in the backbone of double strand DNA. Associated biophysical, biochemical and cytotoxic effects on DNA were investigated in previous works, where atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ambient conditions turned out to be a particular valuable asset, since the complexes influence the macromechanical properties and configurations of the strands. To investigate and scrutinize these effects in more depth from a structural point of view, cutting-edge preparation methods and scanning force microscopy under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions were employed to yield submolecular resolution images. DNA strand mechanics and interactions could be resolved on the single base pair level, including the amplified formation of melting bubbles. Even the interaction of singular complex molecules could be observed. To better assess the results, the appearance of treated DNA is also compared to the behavior of untreated DNA in UHV on different substrates. Finally, we present data from a statistical simulation reasoning about the nanomechanics of strand dissociation. This sort of quantitative experimental insights paralleled by statistical simulations impressively shade light on the rationale for strand dissociations of this novel DNA interaction process, that is an important nanomechanistic key and novel approach for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Biere
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Experimental Biophysics & Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Kreft
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Experimental Biophysics & Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker Walhorn
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Experimental Biophysics & Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schwarzbich
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thorsten Glaser
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Experimental Biophysics & Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Giampà M, Corinti D, Maccelli A, Fornarini S, Berden G, Oomens J, Schwarzbich S, Glaser T, Crestoni ME. Binding Modes of a Cytotoxic Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex with Phosphate Ligands Probed by Vibrational Photodissociation Ion Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1341-1353. [PMID: 36655890 PMCID: PMC9890465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The dinuclear copper complex bearing a 2,7-disubstituted-1,8-naphthalenediol ligand, [(HtomMe){Cu(OAc)}2](OAc), a potential anticancer drug able to bind to two neighboring phosphates in the DNA backbone, is endowed with stronger cytotoxic effects and inhibition ability of DNA synthesis in human cancer cells as compared to cisplatin. In this study, the intrinsic binding ability of the charged complex [(HtomMe){Cu(OAc)}2]+ is investigated with representative phosphate diester ligands with growing chemical complexity, ranging from simple inorganic phosphate up to mononucleotides. An integrated method based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), tandem MS, and infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in the 600-1800 cm-1 spectral range, backed by quantum chemical calculations, has been used to characterize complexes formed in solution and delivered as bare species by electrospray ionization. The structural features revealed by IRMPD spectroscopy have been interpreted by comparison with linear IR spectra of the lowest-energy structures, revealing diagnostic signatures of binding modes of the dinuclear copper(II) complex with phosphate groups, whereas the possible competitive interaction with the nucleobase is silenced in the gas phase. This result points to the prevailing interaction of [(HtomMe){Cu(OAc)}2]+ with phosphate diesters and mononucleotides as a conceivable contribution to the observed anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giampà
- Department
of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università
di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy,
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università
di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università
di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Schwarzbich
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thorsten Glaser
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università
di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy,
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Bera M, Das M, Dolai M, Laha S, Islam MM, Samanta BC, Das A, Choudhuri I, Bhattacharyya N, Maity T. DNA/Protein Binding and Apoptotic-Induced Anticancer Property of a First Time Reported Quercetin-Iron(III) Complex Having a Secondary Anionic Residue: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:636-647. [PMID: 36643564 PMCID: PMC9835804 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new quercetin-based iron(III) cationic complex [Fe(Qr)Cl(H2O)(MeO)] (complex 1) is created in the current study by condensation of quercetin with ferric chloride in the presence of Et3N. Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and conductometric measurement are used to pinpoint complex 1. The generated complex's +3-oxidation state has been verified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) research. Density functional theory analysis was used to structurally optimize the structure of complex 1. Before biomedical use, a variety of biophysical studies are implemented to evaluate the binding capacity of complex 1 with DNA and human serum albumin (HSA) protein. The findings of the electronic titration between complex 1 and DNA, as well as the stunning fall in the fluorescence intensities of the HSA and EtBr-DNA/DAPI-DNA domain after complex 1 is gradually added, give us confidence that complex 1 has a strong affinity for both macromolecules. It is interesting to note that the displacement experiment confirms partial intercalation as well as the groove binding mechanism of the title complex with DNA. The time-dependent fluorescence analysis indicates that after interaction with complex 1, HSA will exhibit static quenching. The thermodynamic parameter values in the HSA-complex 1 interaction provide evidence for the hydrophobicity-induced pathway leading to spontaneous protein-complex 1 interaction. The two macromolecules' configurations are verified to be preserved when they are associated with complex 1, and this is done via circular dichroism spectral titration. The molecular docking investigation, which is a theoretical experiment, provides complete support for the experimental findings. The potential of the investigated complex to be an anticancer drug has been examined by employing the MTT assay technique, which is carried out on HeLa cancer cell lines and HEK-293 normal cell lines. The MTT assay results validate the ability of complex 1 to display significant anticancer properties. Finally, by using the AO/PI staining approach, the apoptotic-induced cell-killing mechanism as well as the detection of cell morphological changes has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjushree Bera
- Department
of Nutrition, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Purba Medinipur, Contai721404, India
| | - Manik Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Purba Medinipur, Contai721404, India
| | - Malay Dolai
- Department
of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Purba Medinipur, Contai721404, India
| | - Soumik Laha
- IICB,
Kolkata, Kolkata, 700032West Bengal, India
| | - Md Maidul Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, Aliah University, Kolkata700064, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Samanta
- Department
of Chemistry, Mugberia Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, Contai721425, India
| | - Arindam Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700032, India
| | | | | | - Tithi Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai, Purba Medinipur, Contai721404, India
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Reactivity of a nitrosyl ruthenium complex and its potential impact on the fate of DNA - An in vitro investigation. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112052. [PMID: 36334365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The role of metal complexes on facing DNA has been a topic of major interest. However, metallonitrosyl compounds have been poorly investigated regarding their reactivities and interaction with DNA. A nitrosyl compound, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)](PF6)(A), showed a variety of promising biological activities catching our attention. Here, we carried out a series of studies involving the interaction and damage of DNA mediated by the metal complex A and its final product after NO release, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(H2O](B). The fate of DNA with these metal complexes was investigated upon light or chemical stimuli using electrophoresis, electronic absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism, size-exclusion resin, mass spectrometry, electron spin resonance (ESR) and viscometry. Since many biological disorders involve the production of oxidizing species, it is important to evaluate the reactivity of these compounds under such conditions as well. Indeed, the metal complex B exhibited important reactivity with H2O2 enabling DNA degradation, with detection of an unusual oxygenated intermediate. ESR spectroscopy detected mainly the DMPO-OOH adduct, which only emerges if H2O2 and O2 are present together. This result indicated HOO• as a key radical likely involved in DNA damage as supported by agarose gel electrophoresis. Notably, the nitrosyl ruthenium complex did not show evidence of direct DNA damage. However, its aqua product should be carefully considered as potentially harmful to DNA deserving further in vivo studies to better address any genotoxicity.
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Dömötör O, Teixeira RG, Spengler G, Avecilla F, Marques F, Lenis-Rojas OA, Matos CP, de Almeida RFM, Enyedy ÉA, Tomaz AI. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with benzothiophene and benzimidazole derivatives: Synthesis, antitumor activity, solution studies and biospeciation. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112058. [PMID: 36375357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to incorporate pharmacophore motifs into the Ru(II)-polypyridyl framework, compounds [Ru(II)(1,10-phenantroline)2(2-(2-pyridyl)benzo[b]thiophene)](CF3SO3)2 (1) and [Ru(II)(1,10-phenantroline)2(2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole)](CF3SO3)2 (2) were prepared, characterized and tested for their antitumor potential. The solid-state structure of the compounds was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The solution behavior of both complexes was investigated, namely their solubility, stability, and lipophilicity in physiological mimetic conditions, as well as an eventual uptake by passive diffusion. In vitro anticancer activity of the complexes on ovarian and different colon cancer cells and apoptosis induction by the complexes were studied. A slow transformation process was observed for complex 1 in aqueous solution when exposed to sunlight, while complex 2 undergoes deprotonation (pKa = 7.59). The lipophilicity of this latter complex depends strongly on the pH and ionic strength. In contrast, 1 is rather hydrophilic under various conditions. Complex 1 was highly cytotoxic on Colo-205 human colon (IC50 = 7.87 μM) and A2780 ovarian (IC50 = 2.2 μM) adenocarcinoma cell lines, while 2 displayed moderate anticancer activity (30.9 μM and 18.0 μM, respectively). The complexes induced late apoptosis and necrosis. Only a weak binding of the complexes to human serum albumin, the main transport protein in blood serum, was found. However, a more significant binding to calf thymus DNA was observed in UV-visible titrations and fluorometric dye displacement studies. Detailed analysis of fluorescence lifetime data collected for the latter systems reveals not only the partial intercalation of the complexes, but goes beyond the usual simplified interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ricardo G Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1049-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Loures, Portugal
| | - Oscar A Lenis-Rojas
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1049-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina P Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1049-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1049-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ana Isabel Tomaz
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1049-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Rasool F, Hussain A, Shamim Rizvi T, Yar M, Ayub K, Khalid M, Al-Harrasi A, Lateef M, Iqbal S. Combined experimental and computational approach toward biological, physicochemical and quantum chemical aspects of substituted 1-[5-Phenyl-3-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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47
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Al-Rashdi KS, Babgi BA, Ali EMM, Jedidi A, Emwas AHM, Davaasuren B, Jaremko M, Humphrey MG. Tuning anticancer properties and DNA-binding of Pt( ii) complexes via alteration of nitrogen softness/basicity of tridentate ligands †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9333-9346. [PMID: 36959884 PMCID: PMC10028500 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine tridentate Schiff base ligands of the type (N^N^O) were synthesized from reactions of primary amines {2-picolylamine (Py), N-phenyl-1,2-diaminobenzene (PhN), and N-phenyl-1,2-diaminoethane(EtN)} and salicylaldehyde derivatives {3-ethoxy (OEt), 4-diethylamine (NEt2) and 4-hydroxy (OH)}. Complexes with the general formula Pt(N^N^O)Cl were synthesized by reacting K2PtCl4 with the ligands in DMSO/ethanol mixtures. The ligands and their complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The DNA-binding behaviours of the platinum(ii) complexes were investigated by two techniques, indicating good binding affinities and a two-stage binding process for seven complexes: intercalation followed by switching to a covalent binding mode over time. The other two complexes covalently bond to ct-DNA without intercalation. Theoretical calculations were used to shed light on the electronic and steric factors that lead to the difference in DNA-binding behavior. The reactions of some platinum complexes with guanine were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The binding of the complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) indicated a static interaction with higher binding affinities for the ethoxy-containing complexes. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines suggest that platinum complexes with tridentate ligands of N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine or pyridyl with 3-ethoxysalicylimine are good chemotherapeutic candidates. Pt-Py-OEt and Pt-PhN-OEt have IC50 values against MCF-7 of 13.27 and 10.97 μM, respectively, compared to 18.36 μM for cisplatin, while they have IC50 values against HepG2 of 6.99 and 10.15 μM, respectively, compared to 19.73 μM for cisplatin. The cell cycle interference behaviour with HepG2 of selected complexes is similar to that of cisplatin, suggesting apoptotic cell death. The current work highlights the impact of the tridentate ligand on the biological properties of platinum complexes. The article illustrates the design flexibility of tridentate ligands and the resultant platinum complexes, highlighting the impact of this design flexibility on the anticancer potential.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelah S. Al-Rashdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O. Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia+966 555563702
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Qunfudah University College, Umm Al-Qura UniversityAl-Qunfudah 1109Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A. Babgi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O. Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia+966 555563702
| | - Ehab M. M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O. Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt
| | - Abdesslem Jedidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O. Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia+966 555563702
| | - Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Bambar Davaasuren
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia
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Co(II) fenamato, tolfenamato and niflumato complexes with neocuproine: Synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization and biological activity. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Ansari MF, Khan HY, Tabassum S, Arjmand F. Advances in anticancer alkaloid-derived metallo-chemotherapeutic agents in the last decade: Mechanism of action and future prospects. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108335. [PMID: 36567056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based complexes have occupied a pioneering niche in the treatment of many chronic diseases, including various types of cancers. Despite the phenomenal success of cisplatin for the treatment of many solid malignancies, a limited number of metallo-drugs are in clinical use against cancer chemotherapy till date. While many other prominent platinum and non‑platinum- based metallo-drugs (e.g. NAMI-A, KP1019, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, titanocene dichloride, casiopeinas® etc) have entered clinical trials, many have failed at later stages of R&D due to deleterious toxic effects, intrinsic resistance and poor pharmacokinetic response and low therapeutic efficacy. Nonetheless, research in the area of medicinal inorganic chemistry has been increasing exponentially over the years, employing novel target based drug design strategies aimed at improving pharmacological outcomes and at the same time mitigating the side-effects of these drug entities. Over the last few decades, natural products became one of the key structural motifs in the anticancer drug development. Many eminent researchers in the area of medicinal chemistry are devoted to develop new 3d-transition metal-based anticancer drugs/repurpose the existing bioactive compounds derived from myriad pharmacophores such as coumarins, flavonoids, chromones, alkaloids etc. Metal complexes of natural alkaloids and their analogs such as luotonin A, jatrorrhizine, berberine, oxoaporphine, 8-oxychinoline etc. have gained prominence in the anticancer drug development process as the naturally occurring alkaloids can be anti-proliferative, induce apoptosis and exhibit inhibition of angiogenesis with better healing effect. While some of them are inhibitors of ERK signal-regulated kinases, others show activity based on cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) and telomerase inhibition. However, the targets of these alkaloid complexes are still unclear, though it is well-established that they demonstrate anticancer potency by interfering with multiple pathways of tumorigenesis and tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo. Over the last decade, many significant advances have been made towards the development of natural alkaloid-based metallo-drug therapeutics for intervention in cancer chemotherapy that have been summarized below and reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huzaifa Yasir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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Kumar P, Singh P, Saren S, Sayala J, Sivakumar S, Patra AK. Quaternary Ru(II) complexes of terpyridines, saccharin and 1,2-azoles: effect of substituents on molecular structure, speciation, photoactivity, and photocytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18416-18437. [PMID: 36416455 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Six photoactive ruthenium quaternary complexes (a four-component system consisting of three different N-donor ligands and Ru(II)): trans-[Ru(R-tpy)(pyz/ind)(sac)2] (1-6) containing substituted terpyridine (R-tpy), saccharin (sac), and monodentate N-donor heterocycles were designed. Here, R-tpy = 4'-(2-furyl (1, 2); thienyl (3, 4); pyridyl (5, 6))-2,2':6',2'' terpyridines, pyz = 1H-pyrazole for 1, 3 and 5 and ind = 1H-indazole for 2, 4 and 6. The azoles are present in a large number of FDA-approved clinical drugs and bioactive molecules. The saccharin acting as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CA-IX) could potentially target aggressive hypoxic tumors that overexpress CA-IX. Such multi-functional ligands bound to a Ru(II)-photocage provide ample scope to tune the electronic structures, photochemistry, and synergistic effect of the photolabile ligands in photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). The complexes were characterized using various spectroscopic studies, and the molecular structures were determined from X-ray crystallography. They exhibit a distorted octahedral {RuN6} geometry with equatorial sites coordinated to the tridentate N3-donor R-tpy and N-donor pyz/ind, while two transoidal axial sites bound to the N-donor saccharinate (sac) ligands. The solvolysis kinetics showed these complexes undergo facile ligand-exchange reactions in equilibrium with varying rates reflecting the possible electronic effect of the R-groups in R-tpy. The photoreactivity of the complexes in green (λex = 530 nm) LED light indicates that the complexes undergo photodissociation of the monodentate N-donors (i.e., sac/pyz/ind) and showed an efficient generation of singlet oxygen (Φ1O2 = 0.29-0.47), signifying the potential of these complexes in PACT and/or PDT. All the complexes show good binding affinity with CT-DNA with possible intercalation from extended planar polypyridyl ligands with duplex DNA and BSA. The synchronous fluorescence study with BSA suggested preferential interaction at the tryptophan residue in the protein microenvironment. The confocal microscopy studies showed adequate permeability and localization in the cytosol and nucleus of cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the complexes for both HeLa and MCF7 cells increases upon low-energy (365 nm) photoirradiation. The mechanistic studies revealed that the complexes induce apoptosis and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon green light (λex = 530 nm) irradiation. Overall, these quaternary Ru(II) complexes equipped with three different types of ligands with distinct roles could pave the way for designing multi-targeted chemotherapeutic metallodrugs with synergistic roles for each bioactive ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyaranjan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prerana Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sanjoy Saren
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Juhi Sayala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashis K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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