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Zhang Z, Yu A, Hu W, Wu L, Yang D, Fu L, Wang Z, Kuang H, Wang M. A review on extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, applications of polysaccharides from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Guai Zao). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131097. [PMID: 38537845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (H. dulcis) is a widely distributed plant with a long history of cultivation and consumption. As a common plant, it has economic, edible and medicinal value. H. dulcis polysaccharides are one of their main bioactive ingredients and have many health benefits, such as anti-diabetes, antioxidation, anti-glycosylation, anti-fatigue, immune regulation activities and alcoholic liver disease protection activity. In this paper, the research progress of H. dulcis polysaccharides in extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, existing and potential applications were reviewed, which could provide new valuable insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Aiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Deqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China.
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de Godoi RS, Garcia ALH, Borges MS, George HK, Ferraz ADBF, Corrêa DS, da Silva FR, da Silva J. Protective effect of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. leaf extracts against ethanol-induced DNA damage in SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116042. [PMID: 36529249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hovenia dulcis Thunb. has been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of hepatic diseases and alcohol intoxication. AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic effect and the antigenotoxic potential of ethanolic extract of H. dulcis leaves and its methanolic fraction were evaluated against ethanol-induced damages in SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of H. dulcis extracts were also assessed. In addition, a systems biology analysis was performed to investigate the molecular pathway of action of the H. dulcis leaves compounds. RESULTS The ethanolic extract and its methanolic fraction presented genotoxicity through comet assay at 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL. On the other hand, both extracts showed protective action against ethanol at all concentrations. Additionally, an NBT assay was performed and demonstrated an ability of the extracts to reduce superoxide anion formation when SH-SY5Y cells were challenged with ethanol. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and rutin. Further, system biology assays indicated a molecular action pathway, where the compounds from the leaves of H. dulcis, in addition to performing free radical scavenging activity, activate PP2A, and may inhibit the apoptosis pathway activated by ethanol-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This work is important to indicate potential antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of H. dulcis leaves, and its use can be investigated against DNA damage induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Souza de Godoi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Malu Siqueira Borges
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Hellen Kaiane George
- Product and Development Research Center, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Product and Development Research Center, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Bu S, Yuan C, Cao F, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Ju R, Chen L, Li Z. Concentrated extract of Prunus mume fruit exerts dual effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing beiging/browning. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5492. [PMID: 34776833 PMCID: PMC8559450 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fruit Prunus mume has beneficial effects in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, its mechanism of action is unclear. Objective We assessed the effect of a concentrated water extract of P. mume fruit (CEPM) on adipogenesis and beiging/browning in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Lipid accumulation was assessed with Oil Red O (ORO) staining under different concentrations of CEPM. The effects of CEPM treatment during differentiation on beiging/browning and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. Results CEPM treatment suppressed differentiation and decreased lipid accumulation by downregulating the expression of key adipogenic genes, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, FAS, and perilipin A. In contrast, CEPM treatment increased the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes, including NAMPT, Nrf1, Nrf2, and CPT1α, and reduced reactive oxygen species levels. Importantly, CEPM increased the expression of brown/beige hallmark genes (Pgc-1α, Ucp1, Cidea, Cox7α1, Cox8b, Cd137, and Pdk-4), as well as proteins (UCP1, PGC-1α, NRF1, TBX1, and CPT1α). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis reveals that CEPM contains mumefural, naringin, 5-HMF, citric acid, caffeic acid, and hesperidin. Conclusion The first evidence we provided showed that CEPM has a dual role in 3T3-L1 cells inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting beiging/browning, and hence, could be a potential agent in the fight against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Chunying Yuan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifeng Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichun Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ronghua Ju
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomaterials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longyun Chen
- Nanjing Longlijia Agricultural Development Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomaterials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Q, Xu K, Zhang Y, Han J, Sui W, Zhang H, Yu M, Tong Y, Wang S, Han F. Quality control of Semen Hoveniae by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3366-3375. [PMID: 34288432 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was developed to control the quality of Semen Hoveniae. First, the chromatographic fingerprint was established in combination with the chemometrics methods such as similarity analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to discover the qualitative markers. Then, an high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed to identify the chemical constituents in Semen Hoveniae. Moreover, the content of dihydromyricetin and dihydroquercetin in Semen Hoveniae were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, nine common peaks were assigned in the fingerprints and the similarity of the 13 batch samples varied from 0.425 to 0.993, indicating an obviously different quality. Dihydromyricetin and dihydroquercetin were the main qualitative markers to differ the quality of Semen Hoveniae. Meanwhile, a total of 21 chemical compounds were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and six of them were identified by comparing with information of reference standards. Finally, the content of dihydromyricetin and dihydroquercetin in 13 batch samples varied from 0.824 to 7.499 mg/g and from 0.05941 to 4.258 mg/g , respectively. In conclusion, the methods developed here will provide sufficient qualitative and quantitative information for the quality control of Semen Hoveniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, No.20 Huang He South Street, Huang Gu District, Shenyang, 110031, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Sui
- Shenyang Harmony Health Medical Laboratory, 15 Buildings, 19 Wenhui Street, JinPenglong Hightech Industry Park, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Maomao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Sijie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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Hovenia dulcis Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040903. [PMID: 33572099 PMCID: PMC7914479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. dulcis has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, especially in the hangover treatment, validating its use as an herbal remedy in the Chinese Traditional Medicine. These biological properties are related to a variety of secondary metabolites synthesized by the different plant parts. Root, bark and leaves are rich of dammarane-type triterpene saponins; dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, 3,3′,5′,5,7-pentahydroflavone and dihydromyricetin are flavonoids isolated from the seeds; fruits contain mainly dihydroflavonols, such as dihydromyricetin (or ampelopsin) and hovenodulinol, and flavonols such as myricetin and gallocatechin; alkaloids were found in root, barks (frangulanin) and seeds (perlolyrin), and organic acids (vanillic and ferulic) in hot water extract from seeds. Finally, peduncles have plenty of polysaccharides which justify the use as a food supplement. The aim of this work is to review the whole scientific production, with special focus on the last decade, in order to update phytochemistry, biological activities, nutritional properties, toxicological aspect and regulatory classification of H. dulcis extracts for its use in the European Union.
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Meng X, Tang GY, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Xu XY, Cao SY. Hepatoprotective effects of Hovenia dulcis seeds against alcoholic liver injury and related mechanisms investigated via network pharmacology. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3432-3446. [PMID: 32655267 PMCID: PMC7327782 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a worldwide health problem, and natural products have been shown to improve ALD due to their antioxidant activities. Some parts of Hovenia dulcis (H. dulcis), such as roots, peduncles, and stems, provide health benefits. Nevertheless, the effects and mechanisms of H. dulcis seeds on ALD have not yet been fully elucidated.
AIM To determine H. dulcis antioxidant activity, evaluate its effects against ALD, and investigate the related mechanisms via network pharmacology.
METHODS The antioxidant activity of H. dulcis seed was determined by both ferric-reducing antioxidant power and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetry, respectively, and polysaccharide was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. The effects of H. dulcis seeds against alcoholic liver injury were investigated in mice with water extract pretreatment for 7 days followed by alcohol administration. Moreover, the mechanisms of action were explored with network pharmacology.
RESULTS The results showed that H. dulcis seeds possessed strong antioxidant activity (245.11 ± 10.17 μmol Fe2+/g by ferric-reducing antioxidant power and 284.35 ± 23.57 μmol TE/g by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and contained remarkable phenols and flavonoids, as well as a few polysaccharides. H. dulcis seeds attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative liver injury, showing reduced serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and triglyceride, elevated hepatic glutathione, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced malondialdehyde and hepatic triglyceride. The results of network pharmacology analysis indicated that kaempferol, stigmasterol, and naringenin were the main bioactive compounds in H. dulcis seeds and that modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, gut-derived products, and apoptosis were underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of H. dulcis seeds on ALD.
CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that H. dulcis seeds could be a good natural antioxidant source with protective effects on oxidative diseases such as ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Song G, Kim HL, Jung Y, Park J, Lee JH, Ahn KS, Kwak HJ, Um JY. Fruit of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Induces Nonshivering Thermogenesis through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Activation by SIRT1 in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice and Primary Cultured Brown Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6715-6725. [PMID: 32450691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes, which contain abundant mitochondria, use stored energy as fuel during a process named nonshivering thermogenesis. Thus, the pharmacological activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a promising target for treating obesity. We investigated the effect of fruit of Hovenial dulcis Thunb. (FHD), a frequently used herbal treatment for liver diseases, on thermogenesis and its mechanism using primary cultured brown adipocytes and BAT of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Thermogenesis-related factors including UCP1 and PGC1α increased with FHD treatment. FHD also increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation factors such as nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)1 and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex. Furthermore, FHD increased the intercellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, which may be responsible for the activation of the thermogenic reaction. Overall, our results suggest that FHD can be a novel option for obesity treatment due to its thermogenic action through mitochondrial biogenesis and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahee Song
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Park NH, Lee SJ, Mechesso AF, Boby N, Yixian Q, Yoon WK, Lee SP, Lee JS, Park SC. Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:75. [PMID: 32143613 PMCID: PMC7076742 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various extracts of Hovenia dulcis have been commonly used in Asia for cases of alcohol-related disorders. Fermentation is reported to enhance the level and biological activities of various bio-constituents of plant extracts. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of fermented H. dulcis extract (FHDE) on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. METHODS FHDE was prepared using Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. The effects of FHDE on ethanol-induced liver injury were evaluated in C57BL/6 N CrSlc mice. A mixed feed preparation containing the fermented extract with and without ethanol was given to mice for 29 days, according to its group. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected from all mice in the group. Plasma biochemical analysis and histopathological investigation were performed to evaluate the impacts of treatment on the biomarkers of hepatic damage and inflammatory changes. Besides, the expression of genes that regulate the activities of enzymes associated with alcohol metabolism, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid oxidation was assessed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the amino acid contents and the active ingredients of the extract were evaluated before and after fermentation. RESULTS Fermentation resulted in a marked increase and decrease in the amount of Gamma-Amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid, respectively. FHDE enhanced the body weight gain of mice compared to ethanol. Besides, plasma levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the FHDE-treated groups relative to the ethanol-treated control. FHDE upregulated the expression of genes associated with enzymes involved in alcohol dehydrogenation (Adh1 and Aldh2), antioxidant activity (SOD and CAT), and fatty acid oxidation (PPAR-α and PGC-1α). However, the expressions of Cytochrome peroxidase Cyp2E1 and genes related to lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and ACC) were significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated following treatment with the FHDE. Histopathological investigation demonstrated a slight degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and occasional fatty changes in the FHDE-treated groups. CONCLUSION The GABA-enriched fermented H. dulcis extract prevented ethanol-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, fatty acid oxidation, and reducing lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hye Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Abraham Fikru Mechesso
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Naila Boby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Quah Yixian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Kyu Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Pin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184556. [PMID: 31540021 PMCID: PMC6770307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.
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Black Raspberry ( Rubus coreanus Miquel) Promotes Browning of Preadipocytes and Inguinal White Adipose Tissue in Cold-Induced Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092164. [PMID: 31509935 PMCID: PMC6769844 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of white adipose tissue (WAT) "browning", a change of white into beige fat, has been considered as a new therapeutic strategy to treat obesity. In this study, we investigated the browning effect of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) using in vitro and in vivo models. Black raspberry water extract (BRWE) treatment inhibited lipid accumulation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and zebrafish. To evaluate the thermogenic activity, BRWE was orally administered for 2 weeks, and then, the mice were placed in a 4 °C environment. As a result, BRWE treatment increased rectal temperature and inguinal WAT (iWAT) thermogenesis by inducing the expression of beige fat specific markers such as PR domain zinc-finger protein 16 (PRDM16), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), and t-box protein 1 (TBX1) in cold-exposed mice. Furthermore, ellagic acid (EA), a constituent of BRWE, markedly promoted beige specific markers: UCP1, PGC1α, TBX1, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 in beige differentiation media (DM)-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings indicate that BRWE can promote beige differentiation/activation, and EA is the active compound responsible for such effect. Thus, we suggest the nature-derived agents BRWE and EA as potential agents for obesity treatment.
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Park K, Yoon HJ, Imm JY, Go GW. Hovenia dulcis Extract Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia in C57BL/6 Mice. J Med Food 2019; 22:74-80. [PMID: 30489192 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with aqueous Hovenia dulcis Thunb. extract (HDE) (20 weeks) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia were evaluated in mice. Supplementation with 200 and 800 mg/kg feed HDE (HDE200 and HDE800, respectively) resulted in no significant difference in growth in the HFD-fed groups. The triglyceride (TG) levels and free fatty acids were significantly decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased in the HDE800 group (P < .05). The hepatic intracellular TGs were significantly decreased in the HDE-fed groups and lipogenic enzymes (acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl CoA desaturase, and diacylglycerol transferase) in the liver were significantly downregulated by HDE supplementation (P < .05). The diminished serum antioxidant enzyme activities in the HFD group were effectively restored by HDE supplementation, which also contributed to the attenuation of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibeum Park
- 1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Yoon
- 1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Imm
- 1 Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang-Woong Go
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Simultaneous determination of bioactive flavonoids of Hoveniae Semen in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1104:73-80. [PMID: 30445290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A selective, sensitive and fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of dihydromyricetin, dihydroquercetin, myricetin and quercetin in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Hoveniae Semen total flavonoids. Baicalin was selected as the internal standard. Analytes were extracted from the rat plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and separated on a C18 chromatographic column (Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus, 4.6 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) using the mobile phase containing acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid-water (B) by gradient elution at 0.5 mL/min flow rate. A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to detect analytes. The analytes were measured by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the negative ionization mode. The lower limit of quantification of dihydromyricetin, dihydroquercetin, myricetin and quercetin were 0.70, 8.16, 1.62 and 0.56 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision and recovery were all satisfactory and the compounds were stable in rat plasma under all tested conditions. The approach was successfully applied to study pharmacokinetic characteristics of the four bioactive flavonoids in plasma after administering Hoveniae Semen total flavonoids intragastrically to rat. Further investigation was carried out to assess pharmacokinetic comparability of the four bioactive flavonoids after intragastric administration of Hoveniae Semen total flavonoids to mixture of flavonoids.
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13
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Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K, Ahmad W. Raging the War Against Inflammation With Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:976. [PMID: 30245627 PMCID: PMC6137277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decade Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs of choice for treating numerous inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. The NSAIDs produces anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme, responsible for the conversation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Likewise, cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2) selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme and produces significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activity without producing COX-1 associated gastrointestinal and renal side effects. In last two decades numerous selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) have been developed and approved for various inflammatory conditions. However, data from clinical trials have suggested that the prolong use of COX-2 inhibitors are also associated with life threatening cardiovascular side effects including ischemic heart failure and myocardial infection. In these scenario secondary metabolites from natural product offers a great hope for the development of novel anti-inflammatory compounds. Although majority of the natural product based compounds exhibit more selectively toward COX-1. However, the data suggest that slight structural modification can be helpful in developing COX-2 selective secondary metabolites with comparative efficacy and limited side effects. This review is an effort to highlight the secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine source with significant COX-2 and COX-2 mediated PGE2 inhibitory activity, since it is anticipated that isolates with ability to inhibit COX-2 mediated PGE2 production would be useful in suppressing the inflammation and its classical sign and symptoms. Moreover, this review has highlighted the potential lead compounds including berberine, kaurenoic acid, α-cyperone, curcumin, and zedoarondiol for further development with the help of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and their current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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Ko JH, Nam D, Um JY, Jung SH, Ahn KS. Bergamottin Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and Weight Regulation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:601-615. [PMID: 29614883 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious and increasing health problem worldwide, and the inhibition of adipogenesis is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for it. Bergamottin (BGM), a component of grapefruit juice, has been reported to regulate lipolysis. However, the physiological role of BGM in obesity has not been evaluated so far. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BGM on obesity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). BGM inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells along with a significant decrease in the lipid content by downregulating the expression of two critical adipogenic factors, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP[Formula: see text]) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR[Formula: see text]). The expressions of target proteins such as adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), adiponectin, and resistin were also decreased by BGM. It activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by increasing phosphorylation of AMPK and the downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), indicating that BGM exerted its antiadipogenic effect through AMPK activation. In the HFD-induced obese mouse model, BGM administration significantly reduced the weight and sizes of white adipose tissue as well as the weight gain of mice fed HFD. Moreover, UCP1 and PGC1[Formula: see text] expressions, well-known as brown adipocyte marker genes, were higher in the BGM-treated HFD mice than that in the HFD-induced obese mice. This study suggests that BGM suppress adipogenesis by AMPK activation in vitro and reduces body weight in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- † KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,† KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Jung Y, Park J, Kim H, Sim J, Youn D, Kang J, Lim S, Jeong M, Yang WM, Lee S, Ahn KS, Um J. Vanillic acid attenuates obesity
via
activation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factors
in vivo
and
in vitro. FASEB J 2018; 32:1388-1402. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700231rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunu Jung
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye‐Lin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jung‐Eun Sim
- Department of Biological Sciences in Korean Medicine Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Youn
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Seona Lim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Mi‐Young Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Seok‐Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae‐Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine and Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea
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16
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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside inhibits adipogenesis through the AMPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 820:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Kang KB, Jun JB, Kim JW, Kim HW, Sung SH. Ceanothane- and lupane-type triterpene esters from the roots of Hovenia dulcis and their antiproliferative activity on HSC-T6 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 142:60-67. [PMID: 28686899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three ceanothane-type and three lupane-type triterpenoids, as well as three known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Hovenia dulcis (Rhamnaceae), based on LC-MS dereplication. The previously undescribed compounds were determined to be 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxyisoceanothanolic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxycolubrinic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxyepicolubrinic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoylbetulinic acid, 27-O-p-hydroxybenzoylbetulinic acid, and 27-O-syringoylbetulinic acid by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HR mass spectrometric data analysis. The isolates were examined for their antiproliferative activity in HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells; compounds 1, 2, 3, and 6 showed IC50 values in the range of 15-50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bum Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim HL, Jung Y, Park J, Youn DH, Kang J, Lim S, Lee BS, Jeong MY, Choe SK, Park R, Ahn KS, Um JY. Farnesol Has an Anti-obesity Effect in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Induces the Development of Beige Adipocytes in Human Adipose Tissue Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:654. [PMID: 29033835 PMCID: PMC5627035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes dissipate energy as heat and hence have an important therapeutic capacity for obesity. Development of brown-like adipocytes (also called beige) is also another attractive target for obesity treatment. Here, we investigated the effect of farnesol, an isoprenoid, on adipogenesis in adipocytes and on the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) as well as on the weight gain of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Farnesol inhibited adipogenesis and the related key regulators including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α through the up-regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase in 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Farnesol markedly increased the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and PPARγ coactivator 1 α in differentiated hAMSCs. In addition, farnesol limited the weight gain in HFD obese mice and induced the development of beige adipocytes in both inguinal and epididymal WAT. These results suggest that farnesol could be a potential therapeutic agent for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Seona Lim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Su Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, School of Medicine, Wonkwang UniversityIksan, South Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Liu H, Xiong Y, Zhu X, Gao H, Yin S, Wang J, Chen G, Wang C, Xiang L, Wang P, Fang J, Zhang R, Yang L. Icariin improves osteoporosis, inhibits the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4 mRNA, N1ICD and jagged1 proteins, and increases Notch2 mRNA in ovariectomized rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1360-1368. [PMID: 28413478 PMCID: PMC5377361 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a pharmacologically active flavonoid glycoside that shows promise in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis (OP). However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-osteoporotic effects of ICA remain largely unclear. The present study used quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemical analysis to examine the effects of ICA on several key targets in the Notch signaling pathway in bone tissue in ovariectomized rats. It was observed that ICA has a pronounced beneficial effect on OP rats and inhibits the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) mRNA. In addition, it was identified that ICA downregulates the expression of notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) and Jagged1 proteins in bone tissue, and suppresses the effect of N1ICD on Notch2 mRNA expression. It is proposed that ICA inhibits the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and FABP4 mRNA via the Notch signaling pathway. In addition, it is proposed that ICA inhibits the expression of Notch2 mRNA by suppressing the effect of N1ICD. In conclusion, the results provide further mechanistic evidence for the clinical efficacy of ICA in the treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yingquan Xiong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jiefang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chaopeng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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20
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Kim B, Woo MJ, Park CS, Lee SH, Kim JS, Kim B, An S, Kim SH. Hovenia Dulcis Extract Reduces Lipid Accumulation in Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis of Hep G2 Cells via Activation of AMPK and PPARα/CPT-1 Pathway and in Acute Hyperlipidemia Mouse Model. Phytother Res 2016; 31:132-139. [PMID: 27762456 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HDT) was known to have anti-fatigue, anti-diabetes, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. In the present study, the anti-fatty liver mechanism of HDT was elucidated in oleic acid (OA)-treated Hep G2 cells and acute hyperlipidemia mouse model using Triton WR-1339. Here, HDT activated p-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), proliferator activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase and also inhibited the expression of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis proteins, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, SREBP-2, and fatty acid synthase in OA-treated Hep G2 cells. Conversely, AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked the anti-fatty liver effect of HDT to induce AMPK phosphorylation and decrease 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and lipid accumulation by oil red O staining in OA-treated Hep G2 cells. Additionally, HDT pretreatment protected against the increase of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipid in an acute hyperlipidemia mouse model with enhancement of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. Taken together, HDT inhibits OA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation via activation of AMPK and proliferator activated receptor-α/carnitine palmitoyltransferase signaling and enhancement of antioxidant activity as a potent candidate for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Moon-Jea Woo
- Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Park
- Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea
| | - Boim Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Seho An
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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21
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Gao D, Zhang YL, Yang FQ, Li F, Zhang QH, Xia ZN. The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (wall.) Meisn. suppresses adipogenesis through modulation of the AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:379-386. [PMID: 27350007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., locally named "Lvluohua, ", has been widely used as Tibetan folk medicine for the treatment of metabolic diseases for a long time. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the anti-adipogenesis effect of ethyl acetate extract of the flower of E. gardneri (EEG extract) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obesity-related parameters such as lipid accumulation and TG content were determined by Oil red O staining and enzymatic kit, respectively. Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Moreover, main constituents of EEG extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS EEG extract decreased the lipid and triglyceride (TG) accumulations during the differentiation process and down-regulated the adipogenesis-related transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. EEG extract treatment increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment with AMPK inhibitor, weakened the inhibitory effects of EEG extract on the expressions of PPARγand C/EBPα. HPLC analysis indicated that tiliroside was the main constituent in EEG extract. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EEG extract may exert anti-adipogenic effects through modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yong-Lan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Cho I, Kim J, Jung J, Sung S, Kim J, Lee N, Ku S. Hepatoprotective effects of hoveniae semen cum fructus extracts in ethanol intoxicated mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:49-64. [PMID: 27298813 PMCID: PMC4899896 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.03.20.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract in ethanol induced hepatic damages. [Methods] Hepatic damages were induced by oral administration of ethanol and then Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract was administered. [Results] Following Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract administration, body and liver weights were increased, while aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride levels in the serum, triglyceride contents, tumor necrosis factor -α level, cytochrome (CY) P450 2E1 activity in the liver and mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, and Nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE-immunolabelled hepatocytes were decreased. However, mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation was increased. Also, as a protective mechanism for hepatic antioxidant defense systems, decreased liver MDA contents, increased glutathione contents, increased dismutase and catalase activities were observed when compared to the ethanol control. [Conclusion] Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract favorably protected against liver damages, mediated by its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-steatosis properties through the augmentation of the hepatic antioxidant defense system by NF-E2-related factor-2 activation, and down-regulation of the mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes or up-regulation of the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
| | - Joowan Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jaijun Jung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Sung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Namju Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Saekwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
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Han YH, Kee JY, Park J, Kim HL, Jeong MY, Kim DS, Jeon YD, Jung Y, Youn DH, Kang J, So HS, Park R, Lee JH, Shin S, Kim SJ, Um JY, Hong SH. Arctigenin Inhibits Adipogenesis by Inducing AMPK Activation and Reduces Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2067-77. [PMID: 26852013 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although arctigenin (ARC) has been reported to have some pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and antioxidant, there have been no reports on the anti-obesity effect of ARC. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ARC has an anti-obesity effect and mediates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. We investigated the anti-adipogenic effect of ARC using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, whether ARC can inhibit weight gain was investigated. We found that ARC reduced weight gain, fat pad weight, and triglycerides in HFD-induced obese mice. ARC also inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ARC induced the AMPK activation resulting in down-modulation of adipogenesis-related factors including PPARγ, C/EBPα, fatty acid synthase, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase. This study demonstrates that ARC can reduce key adipogenic factors by activating the AMPK in vitro and in vivo and suggests a therapeutic implication of ARC for obesity treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2067-2077, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Jeon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seob So
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, 60 Hwarang-ro 13-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
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Veratri Nigri Rhizoma et Radix (Veratrum nigrum L.) and Its Constituent Jervine Prevent Adipogenesis via Activation of the LKB1-AMPKα-ACC Axis In Vivo and In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8674397. [PMID: 27143989 PMCID: PMC4837256 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8674397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed in order to investigate the antiobese effects of the ethanolic extract of Veratri Nigri Rhizoma et Radix (VN), a herb with limited usage, due to its toxicology. An HPLC analysis identified jervine as a constituent of VN. By an Oil Red O assay and a Real-Time RT-PCR assay, VN showed higher antiadipogenic effects than jervine. In high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese C57BL/6J mice, VN administration suppressed body weight gain. The levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (aP2), adiponectin, resistin, and LIPIN1 were suppressed by VN, while SIRT1 was upregulated. Furthermore, VN activated phosphorylation of the liver kinase B1- (LKB1-) AMP-activated protein kinase alpha- (AMPKα-) acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) axis. Further investigation of cotreatment of VN with the AMPK agonist AICAR or AMPK inhibitor Compound C showed that VN can activate the phosphorylation of AMPKα in compensation to the inhibition of Compound C. In conclusion, VN shows antiobesity effects in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, VN has antiadipogenic features, which is due to activating the LKB1-AMPKα-ACC axis. These results suggest that VN has a potential benefit in preventing obesity.
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Park JY, Moon JY, Park SD, Park WH, Kim H, Kim JE. Fruits extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. suppresses lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses through nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in Raw 264.7 cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:357-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kim HL, Park J, Park H, Jung Y, Youn DH, Kang J, Jeong MY, Um JY. Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle Ethanolic Extract Inhibits Adipogenic Regulators in 3T3-L1 Cells and Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Primary Brown Preadipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7721-7730. [PMID: 26244589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. ethanolic extract (PG) on obesity in brown/white preadipocytes. The effect of PG on the differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of brown adipocytes is still not examined. An in vivo study showed that PG induced weight loss in mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. PG successfully suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by down-regulating cellular induction of the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), lipin-1, and adiponectin but increasing expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). The effect of PG on the adipogenic factors was compared with that of its bioactive compound platycodin D. In addition, PG increased expressions of mitochondria-related genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-coactivator 1 α (PGC1α), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), SIRT3, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF), and cytochrome C (CytC) in primary brown adipocytes. These results indicate that PG stimulates the differentiation of brown adipocytes through modulation of mitochondria-related genes and could offer clinical benefits as a supplement to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Park JS, Kim IS, Shaheed Ur Rehman, Na CS, Yoo HH. HPLC Determination of Bioactive Flavonoids in Hovenia dulcis Fruit Extracts. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:130-5. [PMID: 26240190 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and reproducible reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for qualitative and quantitative determination of four bioactive flavonoids (ampelopsin, taxifolin, myricetin and quercetin) from the fruit-stalk extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 µm) with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% acetic acid and 100% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analysis was performed using a diode array detector at 365 nm. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery. Good linearity was observed over the investigated concentration range (10-500 μg/mL), with correlation coefficient values greater than 0.99. The intra- and inter-day precisions over the concentration range were <3.91% (relative standard deviation), and the accuracy was between 91.57 and 106.66%. The mean recovery for all the analytes was 100.87%. This method was successfully applied in the quality assessment of bioactive flavonoids in the fruit-stalk extract of H. dulcis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Suk Park
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaheed Ur Rehman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Soo Na
- Lifetree Biotech Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
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