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Taravat M, Asadpour R, Jafari Jozani R, Fattahi A, Khordadmehr M, Hajipour H. Engineered exosome as a biological nanoplatform for drug delivery of Rosmarinic acid to improve implantation in mice with induced endometritis. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:3-19. [PMID: 38323586 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2306420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Endometritis is an inflammatory and histopathologic disease in uterine tissues that interferes with the proper decidualization and implantation of the embryo. In this study, rosmarinic acid (RA) is used as an anti-inflammatory agent that encapsulates in exosomes and is used to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis and improve implantation. For this purpose, exosomes were loaded with RA and then administrated into the animal groups, including RA, exosome, RA plus exosome (RA + Exo), and RA-loaded exosomes (RALExo) groups. The concentrations of RA or exosomes used in this study were 10 mg/kg, and the compounds were injected into the uterine horn 24 h following the induction of endometritis. Upon the presence of inflammation detected by the histopathological method, the most proper groups were mated with male mice. The effect of the treatment group on the implantation rate, progesterone levels, and gene expressions were assessed by Chicago Blue staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Quantitative PCR (qPCR), respectively. Results showed RALExo10 and RA10 + Exo10 groups improved pathological alterations, enhanced progesterone levels, increased implantation rate, as well as heightened expression levels of Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Mucin-16 (MUC-16) genes. Besides, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Interlukine-10 (IL-10), Interlukine-15 (IL-15), and Interlukine-18 (IL-18), were regulated. Our findings indicated that the expression of LIF, Muc-16 genes as well as IL-18, were significantly correlated with serum progesterone concentrations and the implantation rate in the treatment groups. The RALExo10 and RA10 + Exo10 groups showed ameliorated implantation rates in experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Taravat
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Asadpour
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Razi Jafari Jozani
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hajipour
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Wang F, Huang Y, Li J, Zhou W, Wang W. Targeted gene delivery systems for T-cell engineering. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:1537-1560. [PMID: 38753155 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are indispensable for the host systems of defense against pathogens, tumors, and environmental threats. The therapeutic potential of harnessing the cytotoxic properties of T lymphocytes for antigen-specific cell elimination is both evident and efficacious. Genetically engineered T-cells, such as those employed in CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in treating cancer and autoimmune disorders. However, the current landscape of T-cell genetic engineering is dominated by strategies that necessitate in vitro T-cell isolation and modification, which introduce complexity and prolong the development timeline of T-cell based immunotherapies. This review explores the complexities of gene delivery systems designed for T cells, covering both viral and nonviral vectors. Viral vectors are known for their high transduction efficiency, yet they face significant limitations, such as potential immunogenicity and the complexities involved in large-scale production. Nonviral vectors, conversely, offer a safer profile and the potential for scalable manufacturing, yet they often struggle with lower transduction efficiency. The pursuit of gene delivery systems that can achieve targeted gene transfer to T cell without the need for isolation represents a significant advancement in the field. This review assesses the design principles and current research progress of such systems, highlighting the potential for in vivo gene modification therapies that could revolutionize T-cell based treatments. By providing a comprehensive analysis of these systems, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the future development of T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaQian Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Pinheiro AAS, Caruso-Neves C, Rocco PRM. Extracellular vesicles in malaria: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2024; 94:107-132. [PMID: 39370204 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites from the genus Plasmodium. Five species can cause malaria in humans, with Plasmodium vivax being the most common in many countries and Plasmodium falciparum having the highest lethality, which can lead to cerebral malaria. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are in focus in malaria research to better understand pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. Malaria-causing parasites use EVs to transfer their molecules to host cells, a mechanism that significantly contributes to parasite survival and successful infection. EVs have thus emerged as an essential component of the immunopathological cascade of malaria, playing a pivotal role in disease progression and severity. This chapter discusses the epidemiology and pathogenesis of malaria and the role of EVs as new diagnostic and therapeutic tools, emphasizing their potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Acacia S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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4
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Nouri Z, Barfar A, Perseh S, Motasadizadeh H, Maghsoudian S, Fatahi Y, Nouri K, Yektakasmaei MP, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Exosomes as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicle for neurodegenerative diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:463. [PMID: 39095888 PMCID: PMC11297769 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality and disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross the BBB and enhance the therapeutic effect of neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge for NDs. Exosomes are endogenous nano-sized vesicles that naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated that exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Exosome content can influence cellular function in healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect the features of the parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of diseases. Exosomes have unique characteristics that make them ideal for delivering drugs directly to the brain. These characteristics include the ability to pass through the BBB, biocompatibility, stability, and innate targeting properties. This review emphasizes the role of exosomes in alleviating NDs and discusses the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the unique biological features of exosomes, making them a promising natural transporter for delivering various medications to the brain to combat several NDs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Barfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahra Perseh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Maghsoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abdal Dayem A, Yan E, Do M, Kim Y, Lee Y, Cho SG, Kim DH. Engineering extracellular vesicles for ROS scavenging and tissue regeneration. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:24. [PMID: 38922501 PMCID: PMC11208369 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds promise for tissue regeneration, yet significant challenges persist. Emerging as a safer and potentially more effective alternative, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells exhibit remarkable abilities to activate critical signaling cascades, thereby facilitating tissue repair. EVs, nano-scale membrane vesicles, mediate intercellular communication by encapsulating a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Their therapeutic potential lies in delivering cargos, activating signaling pathways, and efficiently mitigating oxidative stress-an essential aspect of overcoming limitations in stem cell-based tissue repair. This review focuses on engineering and applying EVs in tissue regeneration, emphasizing their role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. Additionally, we explore strategies to enhance EV therapeutic activity, including functionalization and incorporation of antioxidant defense proteins. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for optimizing EV-based regenerative therapies. Insights into EV and ROS signaling modulation pave the way for targeted and efficient regenerative therapies harnessing the potential of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ellie Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yoojung Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseo Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin- gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, USA.
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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6
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Baruah H, Sarma A, Basak D, Das M. Exosome: From biology to drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1480-1516. [PMID: 38252268 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, different advancements have been observed in nanosized drug delivery systems. Factors such as stability, safety and targeting efficiency cause hindrances in the clinical translation of these synthetic nanocarriers. Therefore, researchers employed endogenous nanocarriers like exosomes as drug delivery vehicles that have an inherent ability to target more efficiently after appropriate functionalization and show higher biocompatibility and less immunogenicity and facilitate penetration through the biological barriers more quickly than the other available carriers. Exosomes are biologically derived lipid bilayer-enclosed nanosized extracellular vesicles (size ranges from 30 to 150 nm) secreted from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and appears significantly in the extracellular space. These EVs (extracellular vesicles) can exist in different sources, including mammals, plants and microorganisms. Different advanced techniques have been introduced for the isolation of exosomes to overcome the existing barriers present with conventional methods. Extensive research on the application of exosomes in therapeutic delivery for treating various diseases related to central nervous system, bone, cancer, skin, etc. has been employed. Several studies are on different stages of clinical trials, and many exosomes patents have been registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himakshi Baruah
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India.
| | - Debojeet Basak
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Mridusmita Das
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
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Alzahrani FA, Riza YM, Eid TM, Almotairi R, Scherschinski L, Contreras J, Nadeem M, Perez SE, Raikwar SP, Jha RM, Preul MC, Ducruet AF, Lawton MT, Bhatia K, Akhter N, Ahmad S. Exosomes in Vascular/Neurological Disorders and the Road Ahead. Cells 2024; 13:670. [PMID: 38667285 PMCID: PMC11049650 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, and aneurysms, are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Recent research suggests that proteins linked to these conditions can be secreted and transferred among cells using exosomes. The transmission of abnormal protein buildup and the gradual degeneration in the brains of impacted individuals might be supported by these exosomes. Furthermore, it has been reported that neuroprotective functions can also be attributed to exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. The potential neuroprotective functions may play a role in preventing the formation of aggregates and abnormal accumulation of proteins associated with the disease. The present review summarizes the roles of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases as well as elucidating their therapeutic potential in AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, and aneurysms. By elucidating these two aspects of exosomes, valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases may be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir M. Riza
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M. Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Almotairi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Jessica Contreras
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Muhammed Nadeem
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew F. Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Michael T. Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Kanchan Bhatia
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403, USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
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8
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Dey S, Mohapatra S, Khokhar M, Hassan S, Pandey RK. Extracellular Vesicles in Malaria: Shedding Light on Pathogenic Depths. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:827-844. [PMID: 38320272 PMCID: PMC10928723 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The epidemiological data for 2021 revealed a staggering toll, with 247 million reported cases and 619,000 fatalities attributed to the disease. This formidable global health challenge continues to perplex researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis. Recent investigations have unveiled the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this intricate landscape. These tiny, membrane-bound vesicles, secreted by diverse cells, emerge as pivotal communicators in malaria's pathogenic orchestra. This Review delves into the multifaceted roles of EVs in malaria pathogenesis, elucidating their impact on disease progression and immune modulation. Insights into EV involvement offer potential therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Integrating this information identifies targets to mitigate malaria's global impact. Moreover, this Review explores the potential of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in malaria. By deciphering the intricate dialogue facilitated by these vesicles, new avenues for intervention and novel strategies for disease management may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Dey
- CSO
Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt
Ltd, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Salini Mohapatra
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Manoj Khokhar
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Sana Hassan
- Department
of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher
Education, Dubai 345050, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Alotaibi FM, Min WP, Koropatnick J. CD5 blockade, a novel immune checkpoint inhibitor, enhances T cell anti-tumour immunity and delays tumour growth in mice harbouring poorly immunogenic 4T1 breast tumour homografts. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1256766. [PMID: 38487537 PMCID: PMC10937348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1256766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
CD5 is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily that is expressed on T cells and a subset of B cells (B1a) cell and can regulate the T cell receptor signaling pathway. Blocking CD5 function may have therapeutic potential in treatment of cancer by enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition and ablation of tumour cells. The effect of administering an anti-CD5 antibody to block or reduce CD5 function as an immune checkpoint blockade to enhance T cell anti-tumour activation and function in vivo has not been explored. Here we challenged mice with poorly immunogenic 4T1 breast tumour cells and tested whether treatment with anti-CD5 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) in vivo could enhance non-malignant T cell anti-tumour immunity and reduce tumour growth. Treatment with anti-CD5 MAb resulted in an increased fraction of CD8+ T cells compared to CD4+ T cell in draining lymph nodes and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, it increased activation and effector function of T cells isolated from spleens, draining lymph nodes, and 4T1 tumours. Furthermore, tumour growth was delayed in mice treated with anti-CD5 MAb. These data suggest that use of anti-CD5 MAb as an immune checkpoint blockade can both enhance activation of T cells in response to poorly immunogenic antigens and reduce tumour growth in vivo. Exploration of anti-CD5 therapies in treatment of cancer, alone and in combination with other immune therapeutic drugs, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah M. Alotaibi
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Ping Min
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Cancer Research Laboratory Program, London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Asfiya R, Xu L, Paramanantham A, Kabytaev K, Chernatynskaya A, McCully G, Yang H, Srivastava A. Physio-chemical Modifications to Re-engineer Small Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics Delivery and Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:697-722. [PMID: 38241003 PMCID: PMC10956554 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer theranostics developed through nanoengineering applications are essential for targeted oncologic interventions in the new era of personalized and precision medicine. Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as an attractive nanoengineering platform for tumor-directed anticancer therapeutic delivery and imaging of malignant tumors. These natural nanoparticles have multiple advantages over synthetic nanoparticle-based delivery systems, such as intrinsic targeting ability, less immunogenicity, and a prolonged circulation time. Since the inception of sEVs as a viable replacement for liposomes (synthetic nanoparticles) as a drug delivery vehicle, many studies have attempted to further the therapeutic efficacy of sEVs. This article discusses engineering strategies for sEVs using physical and chemical methods to enhance their anticancer therapeutic delivery performance. We review physio-chemical techniques of effective therapeutic loading into sEV, sEV surface engineering for targeted entry of therapeutics, and its cancer environment sensitive release inside the cells/organ. Next, we also discuss the novel hybrid sEV systems developed by a combination of sEVs with lipid and metal nanoparticles to garner each component's benefits while overcoming their drawbacks. The article extensively analyzes multiple sEV labeling techniques developed and investigated for live tracking or imaging sEVs. Finally, we discuss the theranostic potential of engineered sEVs in future cancer care regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Lei Xu
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Kuanysh Kabytaev
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Anna Chernatynskaya
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Centre, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
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11
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Gurunathan S, Ajmani A, Kim JH. Extracellular nanovesicles produced by Bacillus licheniformis: A potential anticancer agent for breast and lung cancer. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106396. [PMID: 37863272 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public burden and leading cause of death worldwide; furthermore, it is a significant barrier to increasing life expectancy in most countries of the world. Among various types of cancers, breast and lung cancers lead to significant mortality in both males and females annually. Bacteria-derived products have been explored for their use in cancer therapy. Although bacteria contain significant amounts of anticancer substances, attenuated bacteria may still pose a potential risk for infection owing to the variety of immunomodulatory molecules present in the parental bacteria; therefore, non-cellular bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which are naturally non-replicating, safer, and are considered to be potential anticancer agents, are preferred for cancer therapy. Gram-positive bacteria actively secrete cytoplasmic membrane vesicles that are spherical and vary between 10 and 400 nm in size. However, no studies have considered cytoplasmic membrane vesicles derived from Bacillus licheniformisin cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the potential use of B. licheniformis extracellular nanovesicles (BENVs) as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. Purified BENVs from the culture supernatant of B. licheniformis using ultracentrifugation and ExoQuick were characterized using a series of analytical techniques. Human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and lung cancer cells (A549) were treated with different concentrations of purified BENVs, which inhibited the cell viability and proliferation, and increased cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of BENVs, the oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. The ROS levels were significantly higher in BENV-treated cells, whereas the GSH levels were markedly reduced. Cells treated with BENVs, doxorubicin (DOX), or a combination of BENVs and DOX showed significantly increased expression of p53, p21, caspase-9/3, and Bax, and concomitantly decreased expression of Bcl-2. The combination of BENVs and doxorubicin enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and apoptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the anticancer properties of BENVs derived from industrially significant probacteria on breast and lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, RathinamTechzone Campus, Eachanari, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Abhishek Ajmani
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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12
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Ball JR, Shelby T, Hernandez F, Mayfield CK, Lieberman JR. Delivery of Growth Factors to Enhance Bone Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1252. [PMID: 38002376 PMCID: PMC10669014 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of critical-sized bone defects caused by nonunion, trauma, infection, malignancy, pseudoarthrosis, and osteolysis poses complex reconstruction challenges for orthopedic surgeons. Current treatment modalities, including autograft, allograft, and distraction osteogenesis, are insufficient for the diverse range of pathology encountered in clinical practice, with significant complications associated with each. Therefore, there is significant interest in the development of delivery vehicles for growth factors to aid in bone repair in these settings. This article reviews innovative strategies for the management of critical-sized bone loss, including novel scaffolds designed for controlled release of rhBMP, bioengineered extracellular vesicles for delivery of intracellular signaling molecules, and advances in regional gene therapy for sustained signaling strategies. Improvement in the delivery of growth factors to areas of significant bone loss has the potential to revolutionize current treatment for this complex clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Ball
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1500 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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13
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Tan X, Xu Y, Zhou S, Pan M, Cao Y, Cai X, Zhao Q, Zhao K. Advances in the Study of Plant-Derived Vesicle-Like Nanoparticles in Inflammatory Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4363-4372. [PMID: 37795493 PMCID: PMC10547002 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s421124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All humans are universally affected by inflammatory diseases, and there is an urgent need to identify new anti-inflammatory drugs with good therapeutic benefits and minimal side effects to the organism. Recently, it has been found that plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles (PDVLNs) have good biocompatibility, with their active ingredients exhibiting good therapeutic effects on inflammation. They can also be used as drug carriers for targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, PDVLNs represent a popular research area for novel anti-inflammatory drugs. This paper details the origin, biological functions, isolation and purification, and identification of PDVLNs, as well as the therapeutic effects of their intrinsic bioactive components on inflammatory diseases. It also introduces their targets as drug carriers to facilitate the development and application of PDVLNs anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Tan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yukun Xu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sirui Zhou
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Cao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewei Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Rademacher DJ. Potential for Therapeutic-Loaded Exosomes to Ameliorate the Pathogenic Effects of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041187. [PMID: 37189807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic forms of α-synuclein (α-syn) are transferred to and from neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, which spread α-syn pathology in the olfactory bulb and the gut and then throughout the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain and exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. Here, we review attempts to minimize or ameliorate the pathogenic effects of α-syn or deliver therapeutic cargo into the brain. Exosomes (EXs) have several important advantages as carriers of therapeutic agents including an ability to readily cross the blood-brain barrier, the potential for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, and immune resistance. Diverse cargo can be loaded via various methods, which are reviewed herein, into EXs and delivered into the brain. Genetic modification of EX-producing cells or EXs and chemical modification of EX have emerged as powerful approaches for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to treat PD. Thus, EXs hold great promise for the development of next-generation therapeutics for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Rademacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Core Imaging Facility, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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15
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Ren SN, Zhang ZY, Guo RJ, Wang DR, Chen FF, Chen XB, Fang XD. Application of nanotechnology in reversing therapeutic resistance and controlling metastasis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1911-1941. [PMID: 37155531 PMCID: PMC10122790 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i13.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive malignancy across the world. Its first-line treatments applied in the routine clinical setting include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, resistance to therapy has been identified as the major clinical challenge that fails the treatment method, leading to recurrence and distant metastasis. An increasing number of studies have been attempting to explore the underlying mechanisms of the resistance of CRC cells to different therapies, which can be summarized into two aspects: (1) The intrinsic characters and adapted alterations of CRC cells before and during treatment that regulate the drug metabolism, drug transport, drug target, and the activation of signaling pathways; and (2) the suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To combat the issue of therapeutic resistance, effective strategies are warranted with a focus on the restoration of CRC cells’ sensitivity to specific treatments as well as reprogramming impressive TME into stimulatory conditions. To date, nanotechnology seems promising with scope for improvement of drug mobility, treatment efficacy, and reduction of systemic toxicity. The instinctive advantages offered by nanomaterials enable the diversity of loading cargoes to increase drug concentration and targeting specificity, as well as offer a platform for trying the combination of different treatments to eventually prevent tumor recurrence, metastasis, and reversion of therapy resistance. The present review intends to summarize the known mechanisms of CRC resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, as well as the process of metastasis. We have also emphasized the recent application of nanomaterials in combating therapeutic resistance and preventing metastasis either by combining with other treatment approaches or alone. In summary, nanomedicine is an emerging technology with potential for CRC treatment; hence, efforts should be devoted to targeting cancer cells for the restoration of therapeutic sensitivity as well as reprogramming the TME. It is believed that the combined strategy will be beneficial to achieve synergistic outcomes contributing to control and management of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Ren
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhan-Yi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui-Jie Guo
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Da-Ren Wang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Dong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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16
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Lu Y, Mai Z, Cui L, Zhao X. Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36978165 PMCID: PMC10053084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has become an effective therapeutic approach for bone regeneration. However, there are still limitations in successful clinical translation. Recently, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, especially exosome, plays a critical role in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Exosomes are nanosized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures carrying proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines and have attracted great attention for their potential application in bone regenerative medicine. In addition, preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering can enhance the regenerative potential of exosomes for treating bone defects. Moreover, with recent advancements in various biomaterials to enhance the therapeutic functions of exosomes, biomaterial-assisted exosomes have become a promising strategy for bone regeneration. This review discusses different insights regarding the roles of exosomes in bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as safe and versatile bone regeneration agent delivery platforms. The current hurdles of transitioning exosomes from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Recent advances in extracellular vesicle-based organic nanotherapeutic drugs for precision cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Rahmani R, Kiani J, Tong WY, Soleimani M, Voelcker NH, Arefian E. Engineered anti-EGFRvIII targeted exosomes induce apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme. J Drug Target 2023; 31:310-319. [PMID: 36440540 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2152819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The drug delivery for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been unsatisfactory mainly due to the drug resistance and low targeting efficiency. The selective targeting of GBM cells and using a cocktail of therapeutic agents to synergistically induce apoptosis may help enhance the drug delivery. METHODS In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were engineered to produce exosomes, i.e. nanosized natural vesicles presenting anti-EGFRvIII (ab139) antibody on their surface while encapsulating two apoptosis-inducing gene therapy agents, i.e. cytosine deaminase (CDA) and miR-34a. Exosomes were characterised for their size, morphology, protein content and markers using dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis, cryo-TEM, Western blotting, respectively. miR-34a overexpression and Lamp2-ab139 protein expression were analysed using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. The armed exosomes were delivered to EGFRvIII positive GBM cells (U87EGFRvIII) as well as wild type cell line (U87), which was EGFRvIII negative. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry in both EGFRvIII negative and positive U87 cells, receiving one gene therapy agent (either CDA or miR-34a) or a combination of them (CDAmiR). RESULTS Spherical shape exosomes with an average diameter of 110 nm and a membrane thickness of 6.5 nm were isolated from MSCs. Lamp2-ab139 was successfully expressed on the surface of transfected cells and their secreted exosomes. Induced apoptosis rates was significantly higher in U87EGFRvIII cells than for U87 cells, indicating selectivity. The cell death rate was 6%, 9% and 12% in U87, 13%, 21% and 40% in U87EGFRvIII cells for CDA, miR-34a and CDAmiR treatment respectively, showing a higher apoptosis rate in the cells receiving both drugs compared to when single therapy was applied. CONCLUSION The experimental findings clearly show the improved apoptosis rate of GBM cells when treated by engineered exosomes armed with two gene therapy agents and targeted towards EGFRvIII antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rahmani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia.,The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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MicroRNA-122 in human cancers: from mechanistic to clinical perspectives. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:29. [PMID: 36803831 PMCID: PMC9940444 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that can regulate the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally and interact with mRNA-coding genes. MiRNAs play vital roles in many biological functions, and abnormal miRNA expression has been linked to various illnesses, including cancer. Among the miRNAs, miR-122, miR-206, miR-21, miR-210, miR-223, and miR-424 have been extensively studied in various cancers. Although research in miRNAs has grown considerably over the last decade, much is yet to be discovered, especially regarding their role in cancer therapies. Several kinds of cancer have been linked to dysregulation and abnormal expression of miR-122, indicating that miR-122 may serve as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for human cancer. Consequently, in this review literature, miR-122 has been analyzed in numerous cancer types to sort out the function of cancer cells miR-122 and enhance patient response to standard therapy.
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21
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Mansour A, Romani M, Acharya AB, Rahman B, Verron E, Badran Z. Drug Delivery Systems in Regenerative Medicine: An Updated Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020695. [PMID: 36840018 PMCID: PMC9967372 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern drug discovery methods led to evolving new agents with significant therapeutic potential. However, their properties, such as solubility and administration-related challenges, may hinder their benefits. Moreover, advances in biotechnology resulted in the development of a new generation of molecules with a short half-life that necessitates frequent administration. In this context, controlled release systems are required to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient compliance. Innovative drug delivery systems are promising tools that protect therapeutic proteins and peptides against proteolytic degradation where controlled delivery is achievable. The present review provides an overview of different approaches used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Mansour
- Periodontology Unit, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maya Romani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | | | - Betul Rahman
- Periodontology Unit, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Elise Verron
- CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Zahi Badran
- Periodontology Unit, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Draguet F, Bouland C, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Stamatopoulos B, Lagneaux L. Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Natural Nanocarriers: Concise Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020558. [PMID: 36839879 PMCID: PMC9964668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication, through direct and indirect cell contact, is mandatory in multicellular organisms. These last years, the microenvironment, and in particular, transfer by extracellular vesicles (EVs), has emerged as a new communication mechanism. Different biological fluids and cell types are common sources of EVs. EVs play different roles, acting as signalosomes, biomarkers, and therapeutic agents. As therapeutic agents, MSC-derived EVs display numerous advantages: they are biocompatible, non-immunogenic, and stable in circulation, and they are able to cross biological barriers. Furthermore, EVs have a great potential for drug delivery. Different EV isolation protocols and loading methods have been tested and compared. Published and ongoing clinical trials, and numerous preclinical studies indicate that EVs are safe and well tolerated. Moreover, the latest studies suggest their applications as nanocarriers. The current review will describe the potential for MSC-derived EVs as drug delivery systems (DDS) in disease treatment, and their advantages. Thereafter, we will outline the different EV isolation methods and loading techniques, and analyze relevant preclinical studies. Finally, we will describe ongoing and published clinical studies. These elements will outline the benefits of MSC-derived EV DDS over several aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Draguet
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Cyril Bouland
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, 322 Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Maxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, 3 Grand’Rue, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Department of Haematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Medicine Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Medicine Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Xu X, Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu K, Cui Z, Tong X, Chen J, Hou F, Luo Z. The application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:364-374. [PMID: 36207510 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell-derived vesicles are released by tumor cells, have a phospholipid bilayer, and are widely distributed in various biological fluids. In recent years, it has been found that tumor cell-derived vesicles contain proteins, metabolites and nucleic acids and can be delivered to recipient cells to perform their physiological functions, such as mediating specific intercellular communication, activating or inhibiting signaling pathways, participating in regulating the modulation of tumor microenvironment and influencing tumor development, which can be used for early detection and diagnosis of cancer. In addition, tumor cell-derived vesicles exhibit multiple properties in tumor therapeutic applications and may serve as a new class of delivery systems. In this review, we elaborate on the application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yin Xiang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Tong
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Hou
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
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24
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Shahverdi M, Darvish M. Exosomal microRNAs: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Small Bio-molecule in Esophageal Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:312-323. [PMID: 35319366 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220321125134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death worldwide. EC is usually diagnosed at a late stage, and despite aggressive therapy, the five-year survival rate of patients remains poor. Exosomes play important roles in cancer biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. They contain bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, and non-coding RNAs. Exosome research has recently concentrated on microRNAs, which are tiny noncoding endogenous RNAs that can alter gene expression and are linked to nearly all physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. It is suggested that deregulation of miRNAs results in cancer progression and directly induces tumor initiation. In esophageal cancer, miRNA dysregulation plays an important role in cancer prognosis and patients' responsiveness to therapy, indicating that miRNAs are important in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the impact of exosomal miRNAs on esophageal cancer pathogenesis and their potential applications for EC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shahverdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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25
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121244. [PMID: 36557150 PMCID: PMC9787595 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and include microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and exomeres. Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells via angiogenesis. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which is being employed in regenerative medicine owing to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into various cells, is due to humoral factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, which are encapsulated in exosomes derived from transplanted cells. New treatments that advocate cell-free therapy using MSC-derived exosomes will significantly improve clinical practice. Therefore, using highly purified exosomes that perform their original functions is desirable. In this review, we summarized advances in the purification, modification, and application of EVs as novel strategies to treat some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan
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26
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Li DF, Yang MF, Xu J, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Liang YJ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Shi RY, Wang LS, Yao J. Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Generation Theranostic Nanomedicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3893-3911. [PMID: 36092245 PMCID: PMC9462519 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s370784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent rapid development in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine platforms. As natural nanocarriers, EVs such as exosomes, exosome-like nanoparticles and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have unique structure/composition/morphology characteristics, and show excellent physical and chemical/biochemical properties, making them a new generation of theranostic nanomedicine. Here, we reviewed the characteristics of EVs from the perspective of their formation and biological function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, EVs can crucially participate in the interaction and communication of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)-immune cells-gut microbiota to regulate immune response, intestinal inflammation and intestinal homeostasis. Interestingly, based on current representative examples in the field of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles for IBD treatment, it is shown that plant, milk, and cells-derived exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles can exert a therapeutic effect through their components, such as proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. Moreover, several drug loading methods and target modification of exosomes are used to improve their therapeutic capability. We also discussed the application of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles in the treatment of IBD. In this review, we aim to better and more clearly clarify the underlying mechanisms of the EVs in the pathogenesis of IBD, and provide directions of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles mediated for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Yue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Liang Y, Iqbal Z, Wang J, Xu L, Xu X, Ouyang K, Zhang H, Lu J, Duan L, Xia J. Cell-derived extracellular vesicles for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery: engineering strategies for cargo packaging and loading. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4095-4106. [PMID: 35766814 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing technology has emerged as a potential therapeutic tool for treating incurable diseases. In particular, the discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems and the design of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) have revolutionized genome editing applications. Unfortunately, compared with the rapid development of gene-editing tools, the progress in the development of delivery technologies is lagging behind and thus limiting the clinical application of genome editing. To overcome these limitations, researchers have investigated various delivery systems, including viral and non-viral vectors for delivering CRISPR/Cas and sgRNA complexes. As natural endogenous nanocarriers, extracellular vesicles (EVs) present advantages of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, stability, and high permeability, making them one of the most promising drug delivery vehicles. This review provides an overview of the fundamental mechanisms of EVs from the aspects of biogenesis, trafficking, cargo delivery, and function as nanotherapeutic agents. We also summarize the latest trends in EV-based CRISPR/Cas delivery systems and discuss the prospects for future development. In particular, we put our emphasis on the state-of-the-art engineering strategies to realize efficient cargo packaging and loading. Altogether, EVs hold promise in bridging genome editing in the laboratory and clinical applications of gene therapies by providing a safe, effective, and targeted delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Kan Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China.,EVLiXiR Biotech Inc., Nanjing 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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28
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Krishnan A, Gangadaran P, Chavda VP, Jogalekar MP, Muthusamy R, Valu D, Vadivalagan C, Ramani P, Laishevtcev A, Katari NK, Ahn BC. Convalescent serum-derived exosomes: Attractive niche as COVID-19 diagnostic tool and vehicle for mRNA delivery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1244-1252. [PMID: 35549570 PMCID: PMC9379609 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221092984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 over the entire world is more commonly known as COVID-19. COVID-19 has impacted society in every aspect of routine life. SARS-CoV-2 infection is often misdiagnosed as influenza or seasonal upper respiratory tract viral infections. General diagnostic tools can detect the viral antigen or isotypes of antibodies. However, inter- and intraindividual variations in antibody levels can cause false negatives in antibody immunoassays. On the contrary, the false-positive test results can also occur due to either cross-reactivity of the viral antigens or some other patient-related autoimmune factors. There is need for a cogent diagnostic tool with more specificity, selectivity, and reliability. Here, we have described the potential of convalescent serum-derived exosome as a diagnostic tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, even in asymptomatic patients, which is a limitation for currently practiced diagnostic tests throughout the globe. In addition, its potential as a vehicle for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Manasi P Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ramesh Muthusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Omega College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad 501301, India
| | - Disha Valu
- Research and Development, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Biopharma Division), Ahmedabad 382213, India
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Molecular Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AKFA University, Tashkent 100042, Uzbekistan
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Lab, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Alexey Laishevtcev
- Federal Research Center—All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Y.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel 302026, Russia
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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29
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Wang R, Liang Q, Zhang X, Di Z, Wang X, Di L. Tumor-derived exosomes reversing TMZ resistance by synergistic drug delivery for glioma-targeting treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 215:112505. [PMID: 35487070 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent, relies on inducing DNA methylation of O6-guanine for treating glioma. However, the survival time of patients are hardly exceeded 14.5 months, attributing to inevitable drug resistance and systematic toxicity after long-term administration. Herein, reassembly-exosomes (R-EXO) deriving from homologous glioma cells is proposed to carry TMZ and Dihydrotanshinone (DHT) for reversing drug resistance and enhancing lesions-targeted drug delivery, defined as R-EXO-TMZ/DHT (R-EXO-T/D). It is found that R-EXO-T/D share various advantages, including preferable blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating ability with nanomemter size, tumor-homing accumulation with homologous effects, as well as potentiated antitumor activity with overcoming TMZ resistance and triggering immune response. This work develops a new strategy for site-specific drug delivery, showing a promising application of drug compatibility in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qifan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenning Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
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30
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Li K, Tu J, Zhang Y, Jin D, Li T, Li J, Ni W, Xiao MM, Zhang ZY, Zhang GJ. Ultrasensitive Detection of Exosomal miRNA with PMO- Graphene Quantum Dots Functionalized Field Effect Transistor Biosensor. iScience 2022; 25:104522. [PMID: 35754714 PMCID: PMC9218366 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the conventional DNA probe immobilization on the planar surface, nanoparticles-based DNA probes enable more RNA molecules to be anchored to the sensor surface, thereby improving the detection sensitivity. In this work, we report phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO)-graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) field effect transistor (FET) biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of exosomal microRNAs. After the RGO FET sensor was fabricated, polylysine (PLL) film was deposited onto the RGO surface. GQDs-PMO hybrid was prepared and covalently bound to PLL surface, enabling detection of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs). The method achieved a detection limit as low as 85 aM and high specificity. Furthermore, the FET sensor was able to detect exosomal miRNAs in plasma samples and distinguish breast cancer samples from healthy samples. Compared with other methods, we use GQDs to further improve the sensitivity of FET, making it a potential tool for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Exosomal miRNAs are detected by GQDs-PMO-functionalized G-FET sensor The sensor can specifically detect 85 aM exosomal miRNA The results are in agreement with those of qRT-PCR This method can also distinguish breast cancer patients from healthy people
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31
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Li D, Yao X, Yue J, Fang Y, Cao G, Midgley AC, Nishinari K, Yang Y. Advances in Bioactivity of MicroRNAs of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles and Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6285-6299. [PMID: 35583385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small noncoding RNA involved in physiological and pathological processes via the regulation of gene expression. Naked miRNAs are unstable and liable to degradation by RNases. Exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) secreted by plants and extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in milk are abundant in miRNAs, which can be carried by ELNs and EVs to target cells to exert their bioactivities. In this review, we describe the current understanding of miRNAs in plant ELNs and milk EVs, summarize their important roles in regulation of inflammation, intestinal barrier, tumors, and infantile immunological functions, and also discuss the adverse effect of EV miRNAs on human health. Additionally, we prospect recent challenges centered around ELN and EV miRNAs for interventional applications and provide insights of grain-derived ELNs and miRNAs interventional use in human health. Overall, plant ELNs and milk EVs can transfer miRNAs to mitigate the pathological status of recipient cells by mediating the expression of target genes but may also exert some side effects. More studies are required to elucidate the in-depth understanding of potential interventional effects of ELN and EV miRNAs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiong Yue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (MoE), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
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32
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Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051054. [PMID: 35631640 PMCID: PMC9145689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart nanoexosomes are nanosized structures enclosed in lipid bilayers that are structurally similar to the viruses released by a variety of cells, including the cells lining the respiratory system. Of particular importance, the interaction between smart nanoexosomes and viruses can be used to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. It is possible that nanoexosomes will be utilized and antibodies will be acquired more successfully for the transmission of an immune response if reconvalescent plasma (CP) is used instead of reconvalescent plasma exosomes (CPExo) in this concept. Convalescent plasma contains billions of smart nanoexosomes capable of transporting a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA among other viral infections. Smart nanoexosomes are released from virus-infected cells and play an important role in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. Infections use the formation, production and release of smart nanoexosomes to enhance the infection, transmission and intercellular diffusion of viruses. Cell-free smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could also be used as cell-free therapies in certain cases. Smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells can also promote mitochondrial function and heal lung injury. They can reduce cytokine storms and restore the suppression of host antiviral defenses weakened by viral infections. This study examines the benefits of smart nanoexosomes and their roles in viral transmission, infection, treatment, drug delivery and clinical applications. We also explore some potential future applications for smart nanoexosomes in the treatment of viral infections.
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33
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Hu Y, Sun Y, Wan C, Dai X, Wu S, Lo PC, Huang J, Lovell JF, Jin H, Yang K. Microparticles: biogenesis, characteristics and intervention therapy for cancers in preclinical and clinical research. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:189. [PMID: 35418077 PMCID: PMC9006557 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), spherical biological vesicles, mainly contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites for biological information transfer between cells. Microparticles (MPs), a subtype of EVs, directly emerge from plasma membranes, and have gained interest in recent years. Specific cell stimulation conditions, such as ultraviolet and X-rays irradiation, can induce the release of MPs, which are endowed with unique antitumor functionalities, either for therapeutic vaccines or as direct antitumor agents. Moreover, the size of MPs (100–1000 nm) and their spherical structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane allow MPs to function as delivery vectors for bioactive antitumor compounds, with favorable phamacokinetic behavior, immunostimulatory activity and biological function, without inherent carrier-specific toxic side effects. In this review, the mechanisms underlying MP biogenesis, factors that influence MP production, properties of MP membranes, size, composition and isolation methods of MPs are discussed. Additionally, the applications and mechanisms of action of MPs, as well as the main hurdles for their applications in cancer management, are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong kong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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34
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Zhang Y, Murakami K, Borra VJ, Ozen MO, Demirci U, Nakamura T, Esfandiari L. A Label-Free Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Detection of Clusters of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Their Unique Dielectric Properties. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020104. [PMID: 35200364 PMCID: PMC8869858 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained considerable attention as vital circulating biomarkers since their structure and composition resemble the originating cells. The investigation of EVs' biochemical and biophysical properties is of great importance to map them to their parental cells and to better understand their functionalities. In this study, a novel frequency-dependent impedance measurement system has been developed to characterize EVs based on their unique dielectric properties. The system is composed of an insulator-based dielectrophoretic (iDEP) device to entrap and immobilize a cluster of vesicles followed by utilizing electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure their impedance at a wide frequency spectrum, aiming to analyze both their membrane and cytosolic charge-dependent contents. The EIS was initially utilized to detect nano-size vesicles with different biochemical compositions, including liposomes synthesized with different lipid compositions, as well as EVs and lipoproteins with similar biophysical properties but dissimilar biochemical properties. Moreover, EVs derived from the same parental cells but treated with different culture conditions were characterized to investigate the correlation of impedance changes with biochemical properties and functionality in terms of pro-inflammatory responses. The system also showed the ability to discriminate between EVs derived from different cellular origins as well as among size-sorted EVs harbored from the same cellular origin. This proof-of-concept approach is the first step towards utilizing EIS as a label-free, non-invasive, and rapid sensor for detection and characterization of pathogenic EVs and other nanovesicles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Murakami
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.M.); (V.J.B.); (T.N.)
| | - Vishnupriya J. Borra
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.M.); (V.J.B.); (T.N.)
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.O.O.); (U.D.)
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.O.O.); (U.D.)
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Takahisa Nakamura
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.M.); (V.J.B.); (T.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Department of Metabolic Bioregulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Lennaárd AJ, Mamand DR, Wiklander RJ, El Andaloussi S, Wiklander OPB. Optimised Electroporation for Loading of Extracellular Vesicles with Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 35056933 PMCID: PMC8780628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of chemotherapeutics is limited by several factors, including low cellular uptake, short circulation time, and severe adverse effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as a drug delivery platform with the potential to overcome these limitations. EVs are cell-derived, lipid bilayer nanoparticles, important for intercellular communication. They can transport bioactive cargo throughout the body, surmount biological barriers, and target a variety of tissues. Several small molecule drugs have been successfully incorporated into the lumen of EVs, permitting efficient transport to tumour tissue, increasing therapeutic potency, and reducing adverse effects. However, the cargo loading is often inadequate and refined methods are a prerequisite for successful utilisation of the platform. By systematically evaluating the effect of altered loading parameters for electroporation, such as total number of EVs, drug to EV ratio, buffers, pulse capacitance, and field strength, we were able to distinguish tendencies and correlations. This allowed us to design an optimised electroporation protocol for loading EVs with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. The loading technique demonstrated improved cargo loading and EV recovery, as well as drug potency, with a 190-fold increased response compared to naked doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus J Lennaárd
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Rim Jawad Wiklander
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
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Lu Y, Cao G, Lan H, Liao H, Hu Y, Feng H, Liu X, Huang P. Chondrocyte-derived Exosomal miR-195 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Anti-Apoptotic by Targeting KIF4A in vitro and in vivo. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101289. [PMID: 34952333 PMCID: PMC8695354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) chemoresistance and distant metastasis are directly associated with OS recurrence and dismal patient prognosis, which are serious concerns for the medical community. However, current knowledge on OS pathogenesis and treatment remains limited. We found that kinesin superfamily protein 4A (KIF4A) acts as a potential OS biomarker. KIF4A promoted OS cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic in vitro and enhanced tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicate that miR-195 inhibits the expression of KIF4A by directly targeting its 3’-untranslated region Hence, targeting KIF4A could be a novel therapeutic strategy for OS and miR-195 may be a potential KIF4A-targeting drug. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that normal human chondrocytes can be used to produce miR-195-carrying exosomes to successfully deliver miR-195 into OS cells. Thus, our results suggest that chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 may be developed into a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic drug.
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of the bone that occurs in adolescents and is characterized by a young age at onset, high malignancy, high rate of metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, the factors influencing disease progression and prognosis remain unclear. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 in OS. We used normal human chondrocytes to form miR-195-carrying exosomes to deliver miR-195 into OS cells. Xenograft tumor experiments were performed in mice intratumorally injected with exosomal miR-195. We found that kinesin superfamily protein 4A (KIF4A) promoted OS tumor progression and anti-apoptotic. Resules We demonstrated that miR-195 inhibited the expression of KIF4A by directly targeting its 3’-untranslated region. Moreover, we observed that exosomal miR-195 successfully inhibited OS cell tumor growth and antiapoptotic in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate that normal human chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 can be internalized by OS cells and inhibit tumor growth and antiapoptotic by targeting KIF4A, providing a new direction for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying OS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Gaolu Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Haiying Lan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Hua Liao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Surgery, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314500, China.
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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Jarboe T, Tuli NY, Chakraborty S, Maniyar RR, DeSouza N, Xiu-Min Li, Moscatello A, Geliebter J, Tiwari RK. Inflammatory Components of the Thyroid Cancer Microenvironment: An Avenue for Identification of Novel Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:1-31. [PMID: 34888842 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States is on the rise with an appreciably high disease recurrence rate of 20-30%. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), although rare in occurrence, is an aggressive form of cancer with limited treatment options and bleak cure rates. This chapter uses discussions of in vitro models that are representative of papillary, anaplastic, and follicular thyroid cancer to evaluate the crosstalk between specific cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which serves as a highly heterogeneous realm of signaling cascades and metabolism that are associated with tumorigenesis. The cellular constituents of the TME carry out varying characteristic immunomodulatory functions that are discussed throughout this chapter. The aforementioned cell types include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as specific immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, CD8+ T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAM-mediated inflammation is associated with a poor prognosis of thyroid cancer, and the molecular basis of the cellular crosstalk between macrophages and thyroid cancer cells with respect to inducing a metastatic phenotype is not yet known. The dynamic nature of the physiological transition to pathological metastatic phenotypes when establishing the TME encompasses a wide range of characteristics that are further explored within this chapter, including the roles of somatic mutations and epigenetic alterations that drive the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells, allowing for selective advantages that aid in their proliferation. Induction of these proliferating cells is typically accomplished through inflammatory induction, whereby chronic inflammation sets up a constant physiological state of inflammatory cell recruitment. The secretions of these inflammatory cells can alter the genetic makeup of proliferating cells, which can in turn, promote tumor growth.This chapter also presents an in-depth analysis of molecular interactions within the TME, including secretory cytokines and exosomes. Since the exosomal cargo of a cell is a reflection and fingerprint of the originating parental cells, the profiling of exosomal miRNA derived from thyroid cancer cells and macrophages in the TME may serve as an important step in biomarker discovery. Identification of a distinct set of tumor suppressive miRNAs downregulated in ATC-secreted exosomes indicates their role in the regulation of tumor suppressive genes that may increase the metastatic propensity of ATC. Additionally, the high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in studies looking at thyroid cancer and activated macrophage conditioned media suggests the existence of an inflammatory TME in thyroid cancer. New findings are suggestive of the presence of a metastatic niche in ATC tissues that is influenced by thyroid tumor microenvironment secretome-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), mediated by a reciprocal interaction between the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and the thyroid cancer cells. Thus, targeting the metastatic thyroid carcinoma microenvironment could offer potential therapeutic benefits and should be explored further in preclinical and translational models of human metastatic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Jarboe
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Neha Y Tuli
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachana R Maniyar
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole DeSouza
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Jan Geliebter
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Raj K Tiwari
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212204. [PMID: 34830085 PMCID: PMC8622108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.
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Akhavan Rahnama M, Soufi Zomorrod M, Abroun S, Atashi A. The effect of exosomes derived from unrestricted somatic stem cells on murine model of sepsis. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 212:164-175. [PMID: 34749364 DOI: 10.1159/000520639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic infection mainly caused by bacterial infections. Despite all efforts and advances in treatment of sepsis, it's still considered as one of the leading causes of death in the hospitalized patients. Today we have to use novel therapies and one of the most important is cell free therapy. Exosomes have been introduced to have all cell contents without compatible tissue complex proteins which is a good candidate for transplantation. Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) also known as mesenchymal stem cell progenitors due to their high proliferative capacity and low immune response, which is a novel therapy for sepsis. In this study, the effect of USSC-derived exosomes on sepsis was investigated using a mouse model. USSCs were isolated from human cord blood and characterized by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation. The exosomes were then harvested from USSCs and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting, and dynamic light scattering. The harvested exosomes were injected into the mouse model of sepsis. Biochemical, histological, molecular, and survival studies were performed in different groups. Our observation showed that USSC-derived exosomes can reduce inflammation in septic mice. Histopathological and biochemical findings in the sham group obviously showed multiorgan involvement, but these changes disappeared after seven days of exosome administration. Moreover, the expression of IRAK-1 and TRAF-6 (main adapter molecules in signaling pathways of inflammation) was decreased through negative regulation by miR-146a after 72 h of exosome administration; finally, it leads to a 2-fold increase in the level of IL-10 and a 2-fold decrease in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α . In conclusion, we reported that direct injection of USSC- derived exosomes can be one of the important methods for the treatment of various aspects of sepsis due to their immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Akhavan Rahnama
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Li W, Li Y, Zhi W, Liu C, Fan W, Miao Q, Gu X. Diagnostic value of using exosome-derived cysteine-rich protein 61 as biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1437. [PMID: 34721679 PMCID: PMC8549088 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the main manifestation of cardiovascular disease and the primary cause of adult hospitalization in China. There is an urgent demand for novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of ACS. Although plasma cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) has been previously reported to be accurate for ACS diagnosis, the accuracy of exosomal Cyr61 in ACS diagnosis remains unknown. In the present study, the aim was to assess the potential of applying exosomal Cyr61 in ACS diagnosis and to explore the role of Cyr61 in vascular remodeling in vitro. The abundance of Cyr61 in plasma-derived exosomes from patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in addition to those isolated from healthy individuals were detected using an ELISA kit. The association between exosomal Cyr61 levels and clinical characteristics of ACS patients was analyzed through χ2 test, Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the accuracy of using exosomal Cyr61 as a biomarker of ACS diagnosis. Furthermore, independent predictors of the existence of ACS were investigated through a multivariate analysis. Subsequently, the role of Cyr61 on vascular remodeling was evaluated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upon oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treatment by performing Cyr61 knockdown, Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays. Exosomal Cyr61 expression was found to be significantly elevated in patients with ACS compared with that in healthy individuals. In addition, exosomal Cyr61 levels were associated with sex, family history of ACS and glucose levels. ROC curve analyzes revealed that exosomal Cyr61 expression could be used to differentiate patients with UAP, AMI and ACS from healthy individuals. Furthermore, exosomal Cyr61 levels were independently correlated with the existence of ACS. In vitro, Cyr61 expression was demonstrated to be significantly increased in VSMCs after ox-LDL exposure in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Functionally, the elevated cell viability and migration of VSMCs induced by ox-LDL were partially but significantly inhibited by Cyr61 knockdown. By contrast, knocking down Cyr61 expression significantly elevated the apoptosis rate of VSMCs compared with that in the ox-LDL-treated group. In conclusion, data from the present study suggest that Cyr61 serve a regulatory role in vascular remodeling in vitro, where exosomal Cyr61 levels may represent a promising biomarker for ACS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Weize Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xinshun Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Yang M, Wang X, Pu F, Liu Y, Guo J, Chang S, Sun G, Peng Y. Engineered Exosomes-Based Photothermal Therapy with MRI/CT Imaging Guidance Enhances Anticancer Efficacy through Deep Tumor Nucleus Penetration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101593. [PMID: 34683886 PMCID: PMC8538523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as natural nanovesicles, have become a spotlight in the field of cancer therapy due to their reduced immunogenicity and ability to overcome physiological barriers. However, the tumor targeting ability of exosomes needs to be improved before its actual application. Herein, a multiple targeted engineered exosomes nanoplatform was constructed through rare earth element Gd and Dy-doped and TAT peptide-modified carbon dots (CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT) encapsulated into RGD peptide engineered exosomes (Exo-RGD), which were used to enhance the effect of cancer imaging diagnosis and photothermal therapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the resulting CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD could effectively accumulate at cancer site with an increased concentration owing to the targeting peptides modification and exosomes encapsulation. The tumor therapy effects of mice treated with CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD were heightened compared with mice from the CDs:Gd,Dy control group. After intravenous injection of CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD into tumor-bearing mice, the temperature of tumors rose to above 50 °C under NIR irradiation and the localized hyperpyrexia induced by CDs could remarkably ablate tumors. The survival rate of the mice was 100% after 60 days. In addition, the CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD exhibited higher MRI/CT imaging contrast enhancement of tumor sites than that of CDs:Gd,Dy. Our study identified that engineered exosomes are a powerful tool for encapsulating multiple agents to enhance cancer theranostic efficiency and provide insight into precise personalized nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.W.); (F.P.)
| | - Fang Pu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.W.); (F.P.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuzhuo Chang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Guoying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.P.)
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High-quality milk exosomes as oral drug delivery system. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121126. [PMID: 34544033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs must be administered intravenously instead of oral administration due to their poor oral bioavailability. The cost of repeated infusion treatment for 6 weeks every year is as high as tens of billions of dollars worldwide. Exosomes are nano-sized (30-150 nm) extracellular vesicles secreted by mammalian cells due to environmental stimulation or self-activation. Milk contains abundant exosomes originated from multiple cellular sources. It has been proved that milk exosomes (MEs) could survive with the strongly acidic conditions in the stomach and degradative conditions in the gut. Furthermore, they can cross biological barriers to reach targeted tissues. The ability of MEs to cross the gastrointestinal barrier makes them as a promising drug delivery tool for oral delivery. This review is devoted to the purification of MEs, their biocompatibility and immunogenicity, and prospects for their use as natural drug carriers for oral administration.
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Hajinejad M, Sahab-Negah S. Neuroinflammation: The next target of exosomal microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the context of neurological disorders. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8070-8081. [PMID: 34189724 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among different types of mechanisms involved in neurological disorders, neuroinflammation links initial insults to secondary injuries and triggers some chronic outcomes, for example, neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, anti-inflammatory substances can be targeted as a novel therapeutic option for translational and clinical research to improve brain disease outcomes. In this review, we propose to introduce a new insight into the anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as the most frequent source for stem cell therapy in neurological diseases. Our insight incorporates a bystander effect of these stem cells in modulating inflammation and microglia/macrophage polarization through exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles that carry cell-specific constituents, including protein, lipid, DNA, and RNA. microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been detected in exosomes that can be taken up by other cells and affect the behavior of recipient cells. In this article, we outline and highlight the potential use of exosomal miRNAs derived from MSCs for inflammatory pathways in the context of neurological disorders. Furthermore, we suggest that focusing on exosomal miRNAs derived from MSCs in the course of neuroinflammatory pathways in the future could reveal their functions for diverse neurological diseases, including brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. It is hoped that this study will contribute to a deep understanding of stem cell bystander effects through exosomal miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hajinejad
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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44
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Al-Dossary AA, Tawfik EA, Isichei AC, Sun X, Li J, Alshehri AA, Alomari M, Almughem FA, Aldossary AM, Sabit H, Almalik AM. Engineered EV-Mimetic Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Delivery Vehicles for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123075. [PMID: 34203051 PMCID: PMC8234974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we begin with the role of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Then, we narrow our focus on the advantages of using EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of the clinical translation of engineering EV mimetic drug delivery systems and the promising directions of further development. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women. Several obstacles impede the early diagnosis and effective treatment options for ovarian cancer (OC) patients, which most importantly include the development of platinum-drug-resistant strains. Currently, extensive efforts are being put into the development of strategies capable of effectively circumventing the physical and biological barriers present in the peritoneal cavity of metastatic OC patients, representing a late stage of gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play a pivotal role in progression of OC and are now being harnessed as a delivery vehicle for cancer chemotherapeutics. However, there are limitations to their clinical application due to current challenges in their preparation techniques. Intriguingly, there is a recent drive towards the use of engineered synthetic EVs for the delivery of chemotherapeutics and RNA interference therapy (RNAi), as they show the promise of overcoming the obstacles in the treatment of OC patients. This review discusses the therapeutic application of EVs in OC and elucidates the potential use of engineered EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics, which would potentially improve clinical outcomes of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Al-Dossary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-333-31137
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Adaugo C. Isichei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almalik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
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45
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Tian Z, Liang G, Cui K, Liang Y, Wang Q, Lv S, Cheng X, Zhang L. Insight Into the Prospects for RNAi Therapy of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644718. [PMID: 33796026 PMCID: PMC8007863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), also known as gene silencing, is a biological process that prevents gene expression in certain diseases such as cancer. It can be used to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of treatments, particularly genetic therapies. However, challenges such as delivery of oligonucleotide drug to less accessible parts of the body and the high incidence of toxic side effects are encountered. It is therefore imperative to improve their delivery to target sites and reduce their harmful effects on noncancerous cells to harness their full potential. In this study, the role of RNAi in the treatment of COVID-19, the novel coronavirus disease plaguing many countries, has been discussed. This review aims to ascertain the mechanism and application of RNAi and explore the current challenges of RNAi therapy by identifying some of the cancer delivery systems and providing drug information for their improvement. It is worth mentioning that delivery systems such as lipid-based delivery systems and exosomes have revolutionized RNAi therapy by reducing their immunogenicity and improving their cellular affinity. A deeper understanding of the mechanism and challenges associated with RNAi in cancer therapy can provide new insights into RNAi drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Tian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guohui Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kunli Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yayu Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuangyu Lv
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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A human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) delivery platform using engineered uterine exosomes to improve endometrial receptivity. Life Sci 2021; 275:119351. [PMID: 33737084 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endometrial exosomes carry bioactive agents to uterine epithelial cells and trophectoderm to promote implantation. On the other hand, intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) could improve endometrial receptivity. Therefore, we investigated the delivery of hCG to the endometrial cells by uterine exosomes to increase endometrial receptivity. MAIN METHODS Exosomes were isolated from uterine fluid and characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and western blotting. The freeze-thaw cycle and sonication methods were used to load hCG into the exosomes. The drug release pattern and uptake of exosomes into the endometrial cells were evaluated. Finally, the influence of hCG loaded-exosomes on the expression of several endometrial receptivity markers was evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The isolated uterine fluid exosomes had a cup-shaped or spherical morphology with a mean size of 91.8 nm and zeta potential of -9.75 mV. The average loading capacity of exosomes for hCG was 710.05 ± 73.74 and 245.06 ± 95.66 IU/mg using the sonication and freeze-thaw cycle methods, respectively. The effect of hCG loaded-exosomes on the endometrial receptivity was greater than the hCG or exosomes alone. We found that hCG upregulated LIF and Trophinin and downregulated Muc-16 and IGFBP1 genes. Interestingly, the effect of hCG on the expression of LIF and Muc-16 was significantly intensified when used in the form of hCG loaded-exosomes. SIGNIFICANCE These findings strengthen our hope in using uterine fluid-derived exosome as an effective carrier for proteins or other therapeutic agents to effective delivery into endometrial cells.
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Gaurav I, Thakur A, Iyaswamy A, Wang X, Chen X, Yang Z. Factors Affecting Extracellular Vesicles Based Drug Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061544. [PMID: 33799765 PMCID: PMC7999478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play major roles in intracellular communication and participate in several biological functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Surface modification of EVs via various ligands, such as proteins, peptides, or aptamers, offers great potential as a means to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo, i.e., in drug delivery systems (DDS). This review summarizes recent studies pertaining to the development of EV-based DDS and its advantages compared to conventional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS). First, we compare liposomes and exosomes in terms of their distinct benefits in DDS. Second, we analyze what to consider for achieving better isolation, yield, and characterization of EVs for DDS. Third, we summarize different methods for the modification of surface of EVs, followed by discussion about different origins of EVs and their role in developing DDS. Next, several major methods for encapsulating therapeutic cargos in EVs have been summarized. Finally, we discuss key challenges and pose important open questions which warrant further investigation to develop more effective EV-based DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Gaurav
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation-CAS Limited, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuehan Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (A.I.); (X.W.); (X.C.)
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3411-2961
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Pinky, Gupta S, Krishnakumar V, Sharma Y, Dinda AK, Mohanty S. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:33-43. [PMID: 32661867 PMCID: PMC7357441 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic situation transpired due to coronavirus novel strain SARS-CoV-2 has become a global concern. This human coronavirus (HCov-19) has put the world on high alert as the numbers of confirmed cases are continuously increasing. The world is now fighting against this deadly virus and is leaving no stone unturned to find effective treatments through testing of various available drugs, including those effective against flu, malaria, etc. With an urgent need for the development of potential strategies, two recent studies from China using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia have shed some light on a potential cure for the COVID-19 infected patients. However, MSCs, despite being used in various other clinical trials have always been questioned for their tendency to aggregate or form clumps in the injured or disease microenvironment. It has also been reported in various studies that exosomes secreted by these MSCs, contribute towards the cell's biological and therapeutic efficacy. There have been reports evaluating the safety and feasibility of these exosomes in various lung diseases, thereby proposing them as a cell-free therapeutic agent. Also, attractive features like cell targeting, low-immunogenicity, safety, and high biocompatibility distinguish these exosomes from other synthetic nano-vesicles and thus potentiate their role as a drug delivery nano-platform. Building upon these observations, herein, efforts are made to give an overview of stem cell-derived exosomes as an appealing therapeutic agent and drug delivery nano-carrier. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the recent evidence and developments in understanding exosomes as a promising candidate for novel nano-intervention in the current pandemic scenario. Furthermore, this review will highlight and discuss mechanistic role of exosomes to combat severe lung pathological conditions. We have also attempted to dwell into the nano-formulation of exosomes for its better applicability, storage, and stability thereby conferring them as off the shelf therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), 1st Floor, ORBO Complex, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), 1st Floor, ORBO Complex, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Krishnakumar
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), 1st Floor, ORBO Complex, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashvi Sharma
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), 1st Floor, ORBO Complex, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), 1st Floor, ORBO Complex, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Kumar A, Zhou L, Zhi K, Raji B, Pernell S, Tadrous E, Kodidela S, Nookala A, Kochat H, Kumar S. Challenges in Biomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Approach for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Opportunities for Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E138. [PMID: 33375558 PMCID: PMC7795247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been the subject of numerous studies to pursue potential therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of disorders and diseases. The physical and chemical properties of various materials have been explored to develop natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic materials with distinct advantages for use as drug delivery systems for the central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS diseases. In this review, an overview of popular biomaterials as drug delivery systems for neurogenerative diseases is provided, balancing the potential and challenges associated with the CNS drug delivery. As an effective drug delivery system, desired properties of biomaterials are discussed, addressing the persistent challenges such as targeted drug delivery, stimuli responsiveness, and controlled drug release in vivo. Finally, we discuss the prospects and limitations of incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a drug delivery system and their use for biocompatible, stable, and targeted delivery with limited immunogenicity, as well as their ability to be delivered via a non-invasive approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA; (K.Z.); (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA; (K.Z.); (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Shelby Pernell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Erene Tadrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | | | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA; (K.Z.); (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
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Dad HA, Gu TW, Zhu AQ, Huang LQ, Peng LH. Plant Exosome-like Nanovesicles: Emerging Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms. Mol Ther 2020; 29:13-31. [PMID: 33278566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant exosome-like nanovesicles, being innately replete with bioactive lipids, proteins, RNA, and other pharmacologically active molecules, offer unique morphological and compositional characteristics as natural nanocarriers. Furthermore, their compelling physicochemical traits underpin their modulative role in physiological processes, all of which have fostered the concept that these nanovesicles may be highly proficient in the development of next-generation biotherapeutic and drug delivery nanoplatforms to meet the ever-stringent demands of current clinical challenges. This review systemically deals with various facets of plant exosome-like nanovesicles ranging from their origin and isolation to identification of morphological composition, biological functions, and cargo-loading mechanisms. Efforts are made to encompass their biotherapeutic roles by elucidating their immunological modulating, anti-tumor, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory roles. We also shed light on re-engineering these nanovesicles into robust, innocuous, and non-immunogenic nanovectors for drug delivery through multiple stringent biological hindrances to various targeted organs such as intestine and brain. Finally, recent advances centered around plant exosome-like nanovesicles along with new insights into transdermal, transmembrane and targeting mechanisms of these vesicles are also elucidated. We expect that the continuing development of plant exosome-like nanovesicle-based therapeutic and delivery nanoplatforms will promote their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Anwar Dad
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Wei Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ao-Qing Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
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