1
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Xu M, Vidler C, Wang J, Chen X, Pan Z, Harley WS, Lee PVS, Collins DJ. Micro-Acoustic Holograms for Detachable Microfluidic Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307529. [PMID: 38174594 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic microfluidic devices have advantages for diagnostic applications, therapeutic solutions, and fundamental research due to their contactless operation, simple design, and biocompatibility. However, most acoustofluidic approaches are limited to forming simple and fixed acoustic patterns, or have limited resolution. In this study,a detachable microfluidic device is demonstrated employing miniature acoustic holograms to create reconfigurable, flexible, and high-resolution acoustic fields in microfluidic channels, where the introduction of a solid coupling layer makes these holograms easy to fabricate and integrate. The application of this method to generate flexible acoustic fields, including shapes, characters, and arbitrarily rotated patterns, within microfluidic channels, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Callum Vidler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jizhen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zijian Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - William S Harley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Graeme Clarke Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Graeme Clarke Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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2
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Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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3
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Aslan MK, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Weiss T, Stavrakis S, deMello AJ. Ultrahigh-Throughput, Real-Time Flow Cytometry for Rare Cell Quantification from Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2024; 9:474-482. [PMID: 38171016 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We present an ultrahigh-throughput, real-time fluorescence cytometer comprising a viscoelastic microfluidic system and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) linear image sensor-based detection system. The flow cytometer allows for real-time quantification of a variety of fluorescence species, including micrometer-sized particles and cells, at analytical throughputs in excess of 400,000 species per second. The platform integrates a custom C++ control program and graphical user interface (GUI) to allow for the processing of raw signals, adjustment of processing parameters, and display of fluorescence intensity histograms in real time. To demonstrate the efficacy of the platform for rare event detection and its utility as a basic clinical tool, we measure and quantify patient-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood, realizing that detection has a sensitivity of 6 CTCs per million blood cells (0.000006%) with a volumetric throughput of over 3 mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kamil Aslan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yingchao Meng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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4
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Islam K, Zhou Y, Omidi S, Berdichevsky Y, Liu Y. Acoustofluidic Engineering of Functional Vessel-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6273-6281. [PMID: 37787770 PMCID: PMC10646832 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Construction of in vitro vascular models is of great significance to various biomedical research, such as pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics, and thus is an important direction in the tissue engineering field. In this work, a standing surface acoustic wave field was constructed to spatially arrange suspended endothelial cells into a designated acoustofluidic pattern. The cell patterning was maintained after the acoustic field was withdrawn within the solidified hydrogel. Then, interstitial flow was provided to activate vessel tube formation. In this way, a functional vessel network with specific vessel geometry was engineered on-chip. Vascular function, including perfusability and vascular barrier function, was characterized by microbead loading and dextran diffusion, respectively. A computational atomistic simulation model was proposed to illustrate how solutes cross the vascular membrane lipid bilayer. The reported acoustofluidic methodology is capable of facile and reproducible fabrication of the functional vessel network with specific geometry and high resolution. It is promising to facilitate the development of both fundamental research and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Saeed Omidi
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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5
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Mezzanzanica G, Français O, Mariani S. Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Microfluidic Device for Microparticles Manipulation: Effects of Microchannel Elasticity on the Device Performance. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1799. [PMID: 37763962 PMCID: PMC10537826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Size sorting, line focusing, and isolation of microparticles or cells are fundamental ingredients in the improvement of disease diagnostic tools adopted in biology and biomedicine. Microfluidic devices are exploited as a solution to transport and manipulate (bio)particles via a liquid flow. Use of acoustic waves traveling through the fluid provides non-contact solutions to the handling goal, by exploiting the acoustophoretic phenomenon. In this paper, a finite element model of a microfluidic surface acoustic wave-based device for the manipulation of microparticles is reported. Counter-propagating waves are designed to interfere inside a PDMS microchannel and generate a standing surface acoustic wave which is transmitted to the fluid as a standing pressure field. A model of the cross-section of the device is considered to perform a sensitivity analysis of such a standing pressure field to uncertainties related to the geometry of the microchannel, especially in terms of thickness and width of the fluid domain. To also assess the effects caused by possible secondary waves traveling in the microchannel, the PDMS is modeled as an elastic solid material. Remarkable effects and possible issues in microparticle actuation, as related to the size of the microchannel, are discussed by way of exemplary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Mezzanzanica
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Olivier Français
- Electronics, Communication systems and Microsystems (ESYCOM), Université Gustave Eiffel, National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France;
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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6
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Rubio LD, Collins M, Sen A, Aranson IS. Ultrasound Manipulation and Extrusion of Active Nanorods. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300028. [PMID: 37246278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic self-propelled nano and microparticles have a growing appeal for targeted drug delivery, collective functionality, and manipulation at the nanoscale. However, it is challenging to control their positions and orientations under confinement, e.g., in microchannels, nozzles, and microcapillaries. This study reports on the synergistic effect of acoustic and flow-induced focusing in microfluidic nozzles. In a microchannel with a nozzle, the balance between the acoustophoretic forces and the fluid drag due to streaming flows generated by the acoustic field controls the microparticle's dynamics. This study manipulates the positions and orientations of dispersed particles and dense clusters inside the channel at a fixed frequency by tuning the acoustic intensity. The main findings are: first, this study successfully manipulates the positions and orientations of individual particles and dense clusters inside the channel at a fixed frequency by tuning the acoustic intensity. Second, when an external flow is applied, the acoustic field separates and selectively extrudes shape-anisotropic passive particles and self-propelled active nanorods. Finally, the observed phenomena are explained by multiphysics finite-element modeling. The results shed light on the control and extrusion of active particles in confined geometries and enable applications for acoustic cargo (e.g., drug) delivery, particle injection, and additive manufacturing via printed self-propelled active particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Dominguez Rubio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 18602, USA
| | - Matthew Collins
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Igor S Aranson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 18602, USA
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7
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Islam K, Zhou Y, Omidi S, Berdichevsky Y, Liu Y. Acoustofluidic Engineering Functional Vessel-on-a-Chip. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2308.06219v2. [PMID: 37608938 PMCID: PMC10441438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Construction of in vitro vascular models is of great significance to various biomedical research, such as pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics, thus is an important direction in tissue engineering. In this work, a standing surface acoustic wave field was constructed to spatially arrange suspended endothelial cells into a designated patterning. The cell patterning was maintained after the acoustic field was withdrawn by the solidified hydrogel. Then, interstitial flow was provided to activate vessel tube formation. Thus, a functional vessel-on-a-chip was engineered with specific vessel geometry. Vascular function, including perfusability and vascular barrier function, was characterized by beads loading and dextran diffusion, respectively. A computational atomistic simulation model was proposed to illustrate how solutes cross vascular lipid bilayer. The reported acoustofluidic methodology is capable of facile and reproducible fabrication of functional vessel network with specific geometry. It is promising to facilitate the development of both fundamental research and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Saeed Omidi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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8
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Yin C, Jiang X, Mann S, Tian L, Drinkwater BW. Acoustic Trapping: An Emerging Tool for Microfabrication Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207917. [PMID: 36942987 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The high throughput deposition of microscale objects with precise spatial arrangement represents a key step in microfabrication technology. This can be done by creating physical boundaries to guide the deposition process or using printing technologies; in both approaches, these microscale objects cannot be further modified after they are formed. The utilization of dynamic acoustic fields offers a novel approach to facilitate real-time reconfigurable miniaturized systems in a contactless manner, which can potentially be used in physics, chemistry, biology, as well as materials science. Here, the physical interactions of microscale objects in an acoustic pressure field are discussed and how to fabricate different acoustic trapping devices and how to tune the spatial arrangement of the microscale objects are explained. Moreover, different approaches that can dynamically modulate microscale objects in acoustic fields are presented, and the potential applications of the microarrays in biomedical engineering, chemical/biochemical sensing, and materials science are highlighted alongside a discussion of future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 66 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Bruce W Drinkwater
- Faculty of Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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9
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Liu X, Zheng T, Wang C. Three-dimensional modeling and experimentation of microfluidic devices driven by surface acoustic wave. ULTRASONICS 2023; 129:106914. [PMID: 36577304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology is proving to be an effective tool for manipulating micro-nano particles. In this paper, we present a fully-coupled 3D model of standing SAW acoustofluidic devices for obtaining particle motion. The "improved limiting velocity method" (ILVM) was used to investigate the distribution of acoustic pressure and acoustic streaming in microchannel. The results show that the distribution of acoustic pressure and acoustic streaming on the piezoelectric substrate surface perpendicular to the acoustic wave propagation direction is inhomogeneous. The motion of micro-particles with diameters of 0.5-, 5-, and 10 μm is then simulated to investigate the interaction of acoustic radiation force and drag force caused by pressure and acoustic streaming. We demonstrate that micro and nanoparticles can move in three dimensions when acoustic radiation force and acoustic streaming interact. This result and method are critical for designing SAW microfluidic chips and controlling particle motion precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Alshehhi F, Waheed W, Al-Ali A, Abu-Nada E, Alazzam A. Numerical Modeling Using Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method and Experiments for Particle Manipulation under Standing Surface Acoustic Waves. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:366. [PMID: 36838066 PMCID: PMC9963542 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employed the Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-LBM) to simulate the motion of a microparticle in a microchannel under the influence of a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW). To capture the response of the target microparticle in a straight channel under the effect of the SSAW, in-house code was built in C language. The SSAW creates pressure nodes and anti-nodes inside the microchannel. Here, the target particle was forced to traverse toward the pressure node. A mapping mechanism was developed to accurately apply the physical acoustic force field in the numerical simulation. First, benchmarking studies were conducted to compare the numerical results in the IB-LBM with the available analytical, numerical, and experimental results. Next, several parametric studies were carried out in which the particle types, sizes, compressibility coefficients, and densities were varied. When the SSAW is applied, the microparticles (with a positive acoustic contrast factor) move toward the pressure node locations during their motion in the microchannel. Hence, their steady-state locations are controlled by adjusting the pressure nodes to the desired locations, such as the centerline or near the microchannel sidewalls. Moreover, the geometric parameters, such as radius, density, and compressibility of the particles affect their transient response, and the particles ultimately settle at the pressure nodes. To validate the numerical work, a microfluidic device was fabricated in-house in the cleanroom using lithographic techniques. Experiments were performed, and the target particle was moved either to the centerline or sidewalls of the channel, depending on the location of the pressure node. The steady-state placements obtained in the computational model and experiments exhibit excellent agreement and are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Alshehhi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waqas Waheed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Al-Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eiyad Abu-Nada
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Han S, Wang Y. Bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers based on modulation of surface acoustic waves for dynamic and reconfigurable cluster manipulation of particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:215-228. [PMID: 36420975 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have raised great interest in the fields of tissue engineering, targeted therapy, and drug delivery. Generally, the complex structure and array layout design of interdigital electrodes would restrict the applications of acoustic tweezers. Here, we present a novel approach by using bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers to modulate the shape of acoustic pressure fields with high flexibility and accuracy. Experimental tests were conducted to perform the precise, contactless, and biocompatible cluster manipulation of polystyrene microparticles and yeast cells. Stripe, dot, quadratic lattice, hexagonal lattice, interleaved stripe, oblique stripe, and many other complex arrays were achieved by real-time modulation of amplitudes and phase relations of coherent SAWs to demonstrate the capability of the device for the cluster manipulation of particles and cells. Furthermore, rapid switching among various arrays, shape regulation, geometric parameter modulation of array units, and directional translation of microparticles and cells were implemented. This study demonstrated a favorable technique for flexible and versatile manipulation and patterning of cells and biomolecules, and it has the advantages of high manipulation accuracy and adjustability, thus it is expected to be utilized in the fields of targeted cellular assembly, biological 3D printing, and targeted release of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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12
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Wu C, Li J, Duan X. Enrichment of Aggregation-Induced Emission Aggregates Using Acoustic Streaming Tweezers in Microfluidics for Trace Human Serum Albumin Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2071-2078. [PMID: 36634027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-dependent brightness (ADB) indirectly limits the in vitro performance of a pure aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe in many ways; thus, controlling the aggregation state of the AIE probe is helpful for detecting an object of interest. Many studies are focused on the molecule design of the AIE probes, while less efforts have been made for the control of the aggregation of the AIEs. Here, an acoustic streaming tweezer (AST) generated using a gigahertz bulk acoustic wave resonator was applied to manipulate the aggregation status of the AIE probe and further enhance their performance for human serum albumin (HSA) detection. As the trapping size of the AST matches the working size of the AIE probe, the streaming can enrich and accumulate AIE nanoparticles, which then further trigger larger aggregates. Due to the ADB effect, the fluorescence intensity strongly increased, and thus, the detection limit of HSA was reduced to 0.5 μg/mL, which is low enough for kidney disease detection. Such an AST-assisted ADB strategy is potentially applicable to other AIE probes and can work as a portable choice for the biomedical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiuyan Li
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Sutlive J, Wu K, Mao L, Nie J, Zhao XZ, Guo F, Chen Z, Huang Q. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis targeting fetal nucleated red blood cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:546. [PMID: 36585678 PMCID: PMC9805221 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) aims to detect fetal-related genetic disorders before birth by detecting markers in the peripheral blood of pregnant women, holding the potential in reducing the risk of fetal birth defects. Fetal-nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) can be used as biomarkers for NIPD, given their remarkable nature of carrying the entire genetic information of the fetus. Here, we review recent advances in NIPD technologies based on the isolation and analysis of fNRBCs. Conventional cell separation methods rely primarily on physical properties and surface antigens of fNRBCs, such as density gradient centrifugation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Due to the limitations of sensitivity and purity in Conventional methods, separation techniques based on micro-/nanomaterials have been developed as novel methods for isolating and enriching fNRBCs. We also discuss emerging methods based on microfluidic chips and nanostructured substrates for static and dynamic isolation of fNRBCs. Additionally, we introduce the identification techniques of fNRBCs and address the potential clinical diagnostic values of fNRBCs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and the future directions of fNRBCs as treatment guidelines in NIPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Joseph Sutlive
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ke Wu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Lu Mao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jiabao Nie
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Biological Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Qinqin Huang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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14
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Liu L, Zhou J, Tan K, Zhang H, Yang X, Duan H, Fu Y. A simplified three-dimensional numerical simulation approach for surface acoustic wave tweezers. ULTRASONICS 2022; 125:106797. [PMID: 35780714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) have been extensively used as acoustic tweezers to manipulate, transport, and separate microparticles and biological cells in a microscale fluidic environment, with great potentials for biomedical sensing, genetic analysis, and therapeutics applications. Currently, there lacks an accurate, reliable, and efficient three-dimensional (3D) modeling platform to simulate behaviors of micron-size particles/cells in acoustofluidics, which is crucial to provide the guidance for the experimental studies. The major challenge for achieving this is the computational complexity of 3D modeling. Herein, a simplified but effective 3D SSAW microfluidic model was developed to investigate the separation and manipulation of particles. This model incorporates propagation attenuation of the surface waves to increase the modeling accuracy, while simplifies the modeling of piezoelectric substrates and the wall of microchannel by determining the effective propagation region of the substrate. We have simulated the SSAWs microfluidics device, and systematically analyzed effects of voltage, tilt angle, and flow rate on the separation of the particles under the SSAWs. The obtained simulation results are compared with those obtained from the experimental studies, showing good agreements. This simplified modeling platform could become a convenient tool for acoustofluidic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Liu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Kaitao Tan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology, School of Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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15
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McIntyre D, Lashkaripour A, Fordyce P, Densmore D. Machine learning for microfluidic design and control. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2925-2937. [PMID: 35904162 PMCID: PMC9361804 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has developed into a mature field with applications across science and engineering, having particular commercial success in molecular diagnostics, next-generation sequencing, and bench-top analysis. Despite its ubiquity, the complexity of designing and controlling custom microfluidic devices present major barriers to adoption, requiring intuitive knowledge gained from years of experience. If these barriers were overcome, microfluidics could miniaturize biological and chemical research for non-experts through fully-automated platform development and operation. The intuition of microfluidic experts can be captured through machine learning, where complex statistical models are trained for pattern recognition and subsequently used for event prediction. Integration of machine learning with microfluidics could significantly expand its adoption and impact. Here, we present the current state of machine learning for the design and control of microfluidic devices, its possible applications, and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McIntyre
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ali Lashkaripour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Polly Fordyce
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Densmore
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cole T, Zheng J, Bayinqiaoge, Guo J, Tang SY. Microfluidic flow cytometry for blood-based biomarker analysis. Analyst 2022; 147:2895-2917. [PMID: 35611964 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has proven its capability for rapid and quantitative analysis of individual cells and the separation of targeted biological samples from others. The emerging microfluidics technology makes it possible to develop portable microfluidic diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Microfluidic flow cytometry (MFCM), where flow cytometry and microfluidics are combined to achieve similar or even superior functionalities on microfluidic chips, provides a powerful single-cell characterisation and sorting tool for various biological samples. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the development of the MFCM including focusing, detecting, and sorting subsystems, and its unique capabilities have been demonstrated in various biological applications. Moreover, liquid biopsy using blood can provide various physiological and pathological information. Thus, biomarkers from blood are regarded as meaningful circulating transporters of signal molecules or particles and have great potential to be used as non (or minimally)-invasive diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarise the recent progress of the key subsystems for MFCM and its achievements in blood-based biomarker analysis. Finally, foresight is offered to highlight the research challenges faced by MFCM in expanding into blood-based POCT applications, potentially yielding commercialisation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Centre of Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Bayinqiaoge
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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17
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Sachs S, Baloochi M, Cierpka C, König J. On the acoustically induced fluid flow in particle separation systems employing standing surface acoustic waves - Part I. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2011-2027. [PMID: 35482303 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By integrating surface acoustic waves (SAW) into microfluidic devices, microparticle systems can be fractionated precisely in flexible and easily scalable Lab-on-a-Chip platforms. The widely adopted driving mechanism behind this principle is the acoustic radiation force, which depends on the size and acoustic properties of the suspended particles. Superimposed fluid motion caused by the acoustic streaming effect can further manipulate particle trajectories and might have a negative influence on the fractionation result. A characterization of the crucial parameters that affect the pattern and scaling of the acoustically induced flow is thus essential for the design of acoustofluidic separation systems. For the first time, the fluid flow induced by pseudo-standing acoustic wave fields with a wavelength much smaller than the width of the confined microchannel is experimentally revealed in detail, using quantitative three-dimensional measurements of all three velocity components (3D3C). In Part I of this study, we focus on the fluid flow close to the center of the surface acoustic wave field, while in Part II the outer regions with strong acoustic gradients are investigated. By systematic variations of the SAW-wavelength λSAW and channel height H, a transition from vortex pairs extending over the entire channel width W to periodic flows resembling the pseudo-standing wave field is revealed. An adaptation of the electrical power, however, only affects the velocity scaling. Based on the experimental data, a validated numerical model was developed in which critical material parameters and boundary conditions were systematically adjusted. Considering a Navier slip length at the substrate-fluid interface, the simulations provide a strong agreement with the measured velocity data over a large frequency range and enable an energetic consideration of the first and second-order fields. Based on the results of this study, critical parameters were identified for the particle size as well as for channel height and width. Progress for the research on SAW-based separation systems is obtained not only by these findings but also by providing all experimental velocity data to allow for further developments on other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sachs
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Baloochi
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
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18
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Wang Y, Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Weng W. Programmable motion control and trajectory manipulation of microparticles through tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1149-1161. [PMID: 35134105 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers based on travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) have the potential for contactless trajectory manipulation and motion-parameter regulation of microparticles in biological and microfluidic applications. Here, we present a novel design of a tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers device that enables the precise manipulation of linear, clockwise, and anticlockwise trajectories of microparticles. By switching the excitation combinations of interdigital electrodes (IDTs), various shape patterns of acoustic pressure fields can be formed to capture and steer microparticles accurately according to pre-defined trajectories. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were conducted in this study. By adjusting the input electric signals and the fluid's viscosity, the device is able to manipulate microparticles of various forms as well as brine shrimp egg cells with the accurate modulation of motion parameters. The results show that the proposed programmable design possesses low-cost, compact, non-contact, and high biocompatibility benefits, with the capacity to accurately manage microparticles in a range of motion trajectories, independent of their physical and/or chemical characteristics. Thus, our design has strong potential applications in chemical composition analysis, drug delivery, and cell assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hemin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wanyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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19
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Kolesnik K, Hashemzadeh P, Peng D, Stamp MEM, Tong W, Rajagopal V, Miansari M, Collins DJ. Periodic Rayleigh streaming vortices and Eckart flow arising from traveling-wave-based diffractive acoustic fields. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:045104. [PMID: 34781567 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.045104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that periodic time-averaged acoustic fields can be produced from traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in microfluidic devices. This is caused by diffractive effects arising from a spatially limited transducer. This permits the generation of acoustic patterns evocative of those produced from standing waves, but instead with the application of a traveling wave. While acoustic pressure fields in such systems have been investigated, acoustic streaming from diffractive fields has not. In this work we examine this phenomenon and demonstrate the appearance of geometry-dependent acoustic vortices, and demonstrate that periodic, identically rotating Rayleigh streaming vortices result from the imposition of a traveling SAW. This is also characterized by a channel-spanning flow that bridges between adjacent vortices along the channel top and bottom. We find that the channel dimensions determine the types of streaming that develops; while Eckart streaming has been previously presumed to be a distinguishing feature of traveling-wave actuation, we show that Rayleigh streaming vortices also results. This has implications for microfluidic actuation, where traveling acoustic waves have applications in microscale mixing, separation, and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pouya Hashemzadeh
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, 47138-18983 Babol, Iran
| | - Danli Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melanie E M Stamp
- Department of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Cognitive Interaction Technology Center (CITEC) Research Institute, Bielefeld University, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Morteza Miansari
- Micro+Nanosystems & Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, 47138-18983 Babol, Iran
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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20
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Taatizadeh E, Dalili A, Rellstab-Sánchez PI, Tahmooressi H, Ravishankara A, Tasnim N, Najjaran H, Li ITS, Hoorfar M. Micron-sized particle separation with standing surface acoustic wave-Experimental and numerical approaches. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105651. [PMID: 34242866 PMCID: PMC8267599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cell/particle isolation methods are time-consuming and expensive and can lead to morphology disruptions due to high induced shear stress. To address these problems, novel lab-on-a-chip-based purification methods have been employed. Among various methods introduced for the separation and purification of cells and synthetics particles, acoustofluidics has been one of the most effective methods. Unlike traditional separation techniques carried out in clinical laboratories based on chemical properties, the acoustofluidic process relies on the physical properties of the sample. Using acoustofluidics, manipulating cells and particles can be achieved in a label-free, contact-free, and highly biocompatible manner. To optimize the functionality of the platform, the numerical study should be taken into account before conducting experimental tests to save time and reduce fabrication expenses. Most current numerical studies have only considered one-dimensional harmonic standing waves to simulate the acoustic pressure distribution. However, one-dimensional simulations cannot calculate the actual acoustic pressure distribution inside the microchannel due to its limitation in considering longitudinal waves. To address this limitation, a two-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted in this study. Our numerical simulation investigates the effects of the platform geometrical and operational conditions on the separation efficiency. Next, the optimal values are tested in an experimental setting to validate these optimal parameters and conditions. This work provides a guideline for future acoustofluidic chip designs with a high degree of reproducibility and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Taatizadeh
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculties of Applied Science and Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Pamela Inés Rellstab-Sánchez
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Hamed Tahmooressi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Adithya Ravishankara
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Homayoun Najjaran
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Isaac T S Li
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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21
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Cui M, Kim M, Weisensee PB, Meacham JM. Thermal considerations for microswimmer trap-and-release using standing surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2534-2543. [PMID: 33998632 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00257k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled trapping of cells and microorganisms using substrate acoustic waves (SAWs; conventionally termed surface acoustic waves) has proven useful in numerous biological and biomedical applications owing to the label- and contact-free nature of acoustic confinement. However, excessive heating due to vibration damping and other system losses potentially compromises the biocompatibility of the SAW technique. Herein, we investigate the thermal biocompatibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based SAW and glass-based SAW [that supports a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) in the fluid domain] devices operating at different frequencies and applied voltages. First, we use infrared thermography to produce heat maps of regions of interest (ROI) within the aperture of the SAW transducers for PDMS- and glass-based devices. Motile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae cells are then used to test the trapping performance and biocompatibility of these devices. At low input power, the PDMS-based SAW system cannot generate a large enough acoustic trapping force to hold swimming C. reinhardtii cells. At high input power, the temperature of this device rises rapidly, damaging (and possibly killing) the cells. The glass-based SAW/BAW hybrid system, on the other hand, can not only trap swimming C. reinhardtii at low input power, but also exhibits better thermal biocompatibility than the PDMS-based SAW system at high input power. Thus, a glass-based SAW/BAW device creates strong acoustic trapping forces in a biocompatible environment, providing a new solution to safely trap active microswimmers for research involving motile cells and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | - Patricia B Weisensee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | - J Mark Meacham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
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22
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Ma J, Liang D, Yang X, Wang H, Wu F, Sun C, Xiao Y. Numerical study of acoustophoretic manipulation of particles in microfluidic channels. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:1163-1174. [PMID: 34116594 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211024775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microfluidic technology based on surface acoustic waves (SAW) has been developing rapidly, as it can precisely manipulate fluid flow and particle motion at microscales. We hereby present a numerical study of the transient motion of suspended particles in a microchannel. In conventional studies, only the microchannel's bottom surface generates SAW and only the final positions of the particles are analyzed. In our study, the microchannel is sandwiched by two identical SAW transducers at both the bottom and top surfaces while the channel's sidewalls are made of poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Based on the perturbation theory, the suspended particles are subject to two types of forces, namely the Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) and the Stokes Drag Force (SDF), which correspond to the first-order acoustic field and the second-order streaming field, respectively. We use the Finite Element Method (FEM) to compute the fluid responses and particle trajectories. Our numerical model is shown to be accurate by verifying against previous experimental and numerical results. We have determined the threshold particle size that divides the SDF-dominated regime and the ARF-dominated regime. By examining the time scale of the particle movement, we provide guidelines on the device design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dongfang Liang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fangda Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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23
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Aghakhani A, Cetin H, Erkoc P, Tombak GI, Sitti M. Flexural wave-based soft attractor walls for trapping microparticles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:582-596. [PMID: 33355319 PMCID: PMC7612665 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic manipulation of microparticles and cells, called acoustophoresis, inside microfluidic systems has significant potential in biomedical applications. In particular, using acoustic radiation force to push microscopic objects toward the wall surfaces has an important role in enhancing immunoassays, particle sensors, and recently microrobotics. In this paper, we report a flexural-wave based acoustofluidic system for trapping micron-sized particles and cells at the soft wall boundaries. By exciting a standard microscope glass slide (1 mm thick) at its resonance frequencies <200 kHz, we show the wall-trapping action in sub-millimeter-size rectangular and circular cross-sectional channels. For such low-frequency excitation, the acoustic wavelength can range from 10-150 times the microchannel width, enabling a wide design space for choosing the channel width and position on the substrate. Using the system-level acousto-structural simulations, we confirm the acoustophoretic motion of particles near the walls, which is governed by the competing acoustic radiation and streaming forces. Finally, we investigate the performance of the wall-trapping acoustofluidic setup in attracting the motile cells, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae, toward the soft boundaries. Furthermore, the rotation of microalgae at the sidewalls and trap-escape events under pulsed ultrasound are demonstrated. The flexural-wave driven acoustofluidic system described here provides a biocompatible, versatile, and label-free approach to attract particles and cells toward the soft walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Aghakhani
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Hakan Cetin
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Özyeğin University, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Erkoc
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, 34353 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guney Isik Tombak
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland and School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Sun C, Wu F, Fu Y, Wallis DJ, Mikhaylov R, Yuan F, Liang D, Xie Z, Wang H, Tao R, Shen MH, Yang J, Xun W, Wu Z, Yang Z, Cang H, Yang X. Thin film Gallium nitride (GaN) based acoustofluidic Tweezer: Modelling and microparticle manipulation. ULTRASONICS 2020; 108:106202. [PMID: 32535411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound semiconductor which shows advantages in new functionalities and applications due to its piezoelectric, optoelectronic, and piezo-resistive properties. This study develops a thin film GaN-based acoustic tweezer (GaNAT) using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and demonstrates its acoustofluidic ability to pattern and manipulate microparticles. Although the piezoelectric performance of the GaNAT is compromised compared with conventional lithium niobate-based SAW devices, the inherited properties of GaN allow higher input powers and superior thermal stability. This study shows for the first time that thin film GaN is suitable for the fabrication of the acoustofluidic devices to manipulate microparticles with excellent performance. Numerical modelling of the acoustic pressure fields and the trajectories of mixtures of microparticles driven by the GaNAT was performed and the results were verified from the experimental studies using samples of polystyrene microspheres. The work has proved the robustness of thin film GaN as a candidate material to develop high-power acoustic tweezers, with the potential of monolithical integration with electronics to offer diverse microsystem applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, PR China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Fangda Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - David J Wallis
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, UK; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Roman Mikhaylov
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Duke University, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Dongfang Liang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24, UK
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Ran Tao
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Ming Hong Shen
- Preclinical Studies of Renal Tumours Group, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jian Yang
- Preclinical Studies of Renal Tumours Group, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Wenpeng Xun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, 116023, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, PR China
| | - Huaixing Cang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, UK.
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Liu P, Tian Z, Hao N, Bachman H, Zhang P, Hu J, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multi-well plates for enrichment of micro/nano particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3399-3409. [PMID: 32779677 PMCID: PMC7494569 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Controllable enrichment of micro/nanoscale objects plays a significant role in many biomedical and biochemical applications, such as increasing the detection sensitivity of assays, or improving the structures of bio-engineered tissues. However, few techniques can perform concentrations of micro/nano objects in multi-well plates, a very common laboratory vessel. In this work, we develop an acoustofluidic multi-well plate, which adopts an array of simple, low-cost and commercially available ring-shaped piezoelectric transducers for rapid and robust enrichment of micro/nanoscale particles/cells in each well of the plate. The enrichment mechanism is validated and characterized through both numerical simulations and experiments. We observe that the ring-shaped piezoelectric transducer can generate circular standing flexural waves in the substrate of each well, and that the vibrations can induce acoustic streaming near the interface between the substrate and a fluid droplet placed within the well; this streaming can drive micro/nanoscale objects to the center of the droplet for enrichment. Moreover, the acoustofluidic multi-well plate can realize simultaneous and consistent enrichment of biological cells in each well of the plate. With merits such as simplicity, controllability, low cost, and excellent compatibility with other downstream analysis tools, the developed acoustofluidic multi-well plate could be a versatile tool for many applications such as micro/nano fabrication, self-assembly, biomedical/biochemical sensing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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26
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Zhang J, Hartman JH, Chen C, Yang S, Li Q, Tian Z, Huang PH, Wang L, Meyer JN, Huang TJ. Fluorescence-based sorting of Caenorhabditis elegans via acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1729-1739. [PMID: 32292982 PMCID: PMC7239761 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effectively isolating and categorizing large quantities of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) based on different phenotypes is important for most worm research, especially genetics. Here we present an integrated acoustofluidic chip capable of identifying worms of interest based on expression of a fluorescent protein in a continuous flow and then separate them accordingly in a high-throughput manner. Utilizing planar fiber optics as the detection unit, our acoustofluidic device requires no temporary immobilization of worms for interrogation/detection, thereby improving the throughput. Implementing surface acoustic waves (SAW) as the sorting unit, our device provides a contact-free method to move worms of interest to the desired outlet, thus ensuring the biocompatibility for our chip. Our device can sort worms of different developmental stages (L3 and L4 stage worms) at high throughput and accuracy. For example, L3 worms can be processed at a throughput of around 70 worms per min with a sample purity over 99%, which remains over 90% when the throughput is increased to around 115 worms per min. In our acoustofluidic chip, the time period to complete the detection and sorting of one worm is only 50 ms, which outperforms nearly all existing microfluidics-based worm sorting devices and may be further reduced to achieve higher throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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27
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Ni Z, Yin C, Xu G, Xie L, Huang J, Liu S, Tu J, Guo X, Zhang D. Modelling of SAW-PDMS acoustofluidics: physical fields and particle motions influenced by different descriptions of the PDMS domain. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2728-2740. [PMID: 31292597 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In modelling acoustofluidic chips actuated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and using polydimethylsilane (PDMS) as a channel material, reduced models are often adopted to describe the acoustic behaviors of PDMS. Here, based on a standing SAW (SSAW) acoustophoresis chip, we compared three different descriptions of a PDMS chamber and looked into in-chamber physical fields and ensuing particle motion processes through finite element (FE) simulations. Specifically, the PDMS domain was considered as an elastic solid material, a non-flow fluid, and a lossy wall, respectively. The major findings include: (a) the shear waves that propagated in a solid PDMS wall did not influence the in-chamber pressure and ARF fields severely, but induced an observable difference in the acoustic streaming (AS) patterns, and distinctly changed the trajectories of polystyrene particles, especially those whose radii were below 1.5 μm; and (b) the equivalent damping coefficients were linearly dependent on the SAW frequency, characterized by a fixed loss per wavelength, indicating the wave leakage at the interface being the main source of the transmission loss of SAWs. Meanwhile, the acoustic radiation force (ARF) can be overestimated when describing PDMS as a lossy wall, especially at the bottom corners of the chamber, which could cause inaccurate predictions of the motion of big particles. Based on the damping mechanism, a rough protocol is provided for scaling of pressure fields between different models. Some suggestions for device designs and operations are also given based on the obtained findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Chuhao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Guangyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Linzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Junjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Shilei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. and The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10080, China
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28
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Wu Z, Cai H, Ao Z, Nunez A, Liu H, Bondesson M, Guo S, Guo F. A Digital Acoustofluidic Pump Powered by Localized Fluid-Substrate Interactions. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7097-7103. [PMID: 31083981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The precise transportation of small-volume liquids in microfluidic and nanofluidic systems remains a challenge for many applications, such as clinical fluidical analysis. Here, we present a reliable digital pump that utilizes acoustic streaming induced by localized fluid-substrate interactions. By locally generating streaming via a C-shaped interdigital transducer (IDT) within a triangle-edged microchannel, our acoustofluidic pump can generate a stable unidirectional flow (∼nanoliter per second flow rate) with a precise digital regulation (∼second response time), and it is capable of handling aqueous solutions (e.g., PBS buffer) as well as high viscosity liquids (e.g., human blood) with a nanoliter-scale volume. Along with our acoustofluidic pump's low cost, programmability, and capacity to control small-volumes at high precision, it could be widely used for point-of-care diagnostics, precise drug delivery, and fundamental biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China.,Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Asael Nunez
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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29
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Piperno S, Sazan H, Shpaisman H. Simultaneous polymerization and patterning: A one step acoustic directed assembly method. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Wu M, Chen C, Wang Z, Bachman H, Ouyang Y, Huang PH, Sadovsky Y, Huang TJ. Separating extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins via acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1174-1182. [PMID: 30806400 PMCID: PMC6453118 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lipoproteins are abundant and co-exist in blood. Both have been proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers and for therapeutics. However, EVs and lipoproteins are both on the submicron scale and overlap in size distributions. Conventional methods to separate EVs and lipoproteins are inefficient and time-consuming. Here we present an acoustofluidic-based separation technique that is based on the acoustic property differences of EVs and lipoproteins. By using the acoustofluidic technology, EVs and subgroups of lipoproteins are separated in a label-free, contact-free, and continuous manner. With its ability for simple, rapid, efficient, continuous-flow isolation, our acoustofluidic technology could be a valuable tool for health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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31
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Xu D, Cai F, Chen M, Li F, Wang C, Meng L, Xu D, Wang W, Wu J, Zheng H. Acoustic manipulation of particles in a cylindrical cavity: Theoretical and experimental study on the effects of boundary conditions. ULTRASONICS 2019; 93:18-25. [PMID: 30384006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Precise manipulation of microparticles in microchannels is a primary technique for numerous lab-on-a-chip bioengineering research and applications, as it determines the chip's functions and analytical results. Acoustic manipulation, using the acoustic radiation force, is a compact, versatile and contactless manipulation technique, which can be easily integrated with other microfluidic components. It is our main purpose to report the effect of boundary condition of a cylindrical microfluidic cavity on the acoustic particles' manipulation. A device consisting of a cylindrical cavity in a silicon wafer with three kinds of top boundary conditions (rigid, soft, and imperfect rigid boundary) has been built. The corresponding distributions of acoustic radiation force are analyzed analytically and numerically. Experiments are performed with 2.5 μm radius polystyrene microspheres in the cavity covered by three reflective layers (340 μm-thick glass, 400 μm-thick PDMS, and 660 μm-thick glass film), respectively, which specify the three different boundary conditions at the top of the cavity. It is demonstrated that the boundary condition of a cavity influences the acoustic radiation force and the stable positions of particles, and this is in agreement with the theoretical predictions. Thus, the effects of boundary conditions need to be considered for precise acoustic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Cai
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mian Chen
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Meng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Xu
- Science and Technology on Micro-system Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Wu J, Chen Q, Lin JM. Microfluidic technologies in cell isolation and analysis for biomedical applications. Analyst 2018; 142:421-441. [PMID: 27900377 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient platforms for cell isolation and analysis play an important role in applied and fundamental biomedical studies. As cells commonly have a size of around 10 microns, conventional handling approaches at a large scale are still challenged in precise control and efficient recognition of cells for further performance of isolation and analysis. Microfluidic technologies have become more prominent in highly efficient cell isolation for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection, single-cell analysis and stem cell separation, since microfabricated devices allow for the spatial and temporal control of complex biochemistries and geometries by matching cell morphology and hydrodynamic traps in a fluidic network, as well as enabling specific recognition with functional biomolecules in the microchannels. In addition, the fabrication of nano-interfaces in the microchannels has been increasingly emerging as a very powerful strategy for enhancing the capability of cell capture by improving cell-interface interactions. In this review, we focus on highlighting recent advances in microfluidic technologies for cell isolation and analysis. We also describe the general biomedical applications of microfluidic cell isolation and analysis, and finally make a prospective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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33
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Ren L, Yang S, Zhang P, Qu Z, Mao Z, Huang PH, Chen Y, Wu M, Wang L, Li P, Huang TJ. Standing Surface Acoustic Wave (SSAW)-Based Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801996. [PMID: 30168662 PMCID: PMC6291339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorters (μFACS) have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to identify and separate cells in inexpensive and biosafe ways. Here a high-performance μFACS is presented by integrating a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW)-based, 3D cell-focusing unit, an in-plane fluorescent detection unit, and an SSAW-based cell-deflection unit on a single chip. Without using sheath flow or precise flow rate control, the SSAW-based cell-focusing technique can focus cells into a single file at a designated position. The tight focusing of cells enables an in-plane-integrated optical detection system to accurately distinguish individual cells of interest. In the acoustic-based cell-deflection unit, a focused interdigital transducer design is utilized to deflect cells from the focused stream within a minimized area, resulting in a high-throughput sorting ability. Each unit is experimentally characterized, respectively, and the integrated SSAW-based FACS is used to sort mammalian cells (HeLa) at different throughputs. A sorting purity of greater than 90% is achieved at a throughput of 2500 events s-1 . The SSAW-based FACS is efficient, fast, biosafe, biocompatible and has a small footprint, making it a competitive alternative to more expensive, bulkier traditional FACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhiguo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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34
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Wu M, Chen K, Yang S, Wang Z, Huang PH, Mai J, Li ZY, Huang TJ. High-throughput cell focusing and separation via acoustofluidic tweezers. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3003-3010. [PMID: 30131991 PMCID: PMC6203445 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00434j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Separation of particles and cells is an important function in many biological and biomedical protocols. Although a variety of microfluidic-based techniques have been developed so far, there is clearly still a demand for a precise, fast, and biocompatible method for separation of microparticles and cells. By combining acoustics and hydrodynamics, we have developed a method which we integrated into three-dimensional acoustofluidic tweezers (3D-AFT) to rapidly and efficiently separate microparticles and cells into multiple high-purity fractions. Compared with other acoustophoresis methods, this 3D-AFT method significantly increases the throughput by an order of magnitude, is label-free and gently handles the sorted cells. We demonstrate not only the separation of 10, 12, and 15 micron particles at a throughput up to 500 μl min-1 using this 3D-AFT method, but also the separation of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and cancer cells. This 3D-AFT method is able to meet various separation demands thus offering a viable alternative with potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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35
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Connacher W, Zhang N, Huang A, Mei J, Zhang S, Gopesh T, Friend J. Micro/nano acoustofluidics: materials, phenomena, design, devices, and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1952-1996. [PMID: 29922774 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic actuation of fluids at small scales may finally enable a comprehensive lab-on-a-chip revolution in microfluidics, overcoming long-standing difficulties in fluid and particle manipulation on-chip. In this comprehensive review, we examine the fundamentals of piezoelectricity, piezoelectric materials, and transducers; revisit the basics of acoustofluidics; and give the reader a detailed look at recent technological advances and current scientific discussions in the discipline. Recent achievements are placed in the context of classic reports for the actuation of fluid and particles via acoustic waves, both within sessile drops and closed channels. Other aspects of micro/nano acoustofluidics are examined: atomization, translation, mixing, jetting, and particle manipulation in the context of sessile drops and fluid mixing and pumping, particle manipulation, and formation of droplets in the context of closed channels, plus the most recent results at the nanoscale. These achievements will enable applications across the disciplines of chemistry, biology, medicine, energy, manufacturing, and we suspect a number of others yet unimagined. Basic design concepts and illustrative applications are highlighted in each section, with an emphasis on lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Connacher
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA.
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36
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Ung WL, Mutafopulos K, Spink P, Rambach RW, Franke T, Weitz DA. Enhanced surface acoustic wave cell sorting by 3D microfluidic-chip design. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4059-4069. [PMID: 28994439 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an acoustic wave driven microfluidic cell sorter that combines advantages of multilayer device fabrication with planar surface acoustic wave excitation. We harness the strong vertical component of the refracted acoustic wave to enhance cell actuation by using an asymmetric flow field to increase cell deflection. Precise control of the 3-dimensional flow is realized by topographical structures implemented on the top of the microchannel. We experimentally quantify the effect of the structure dimensions and acoustic parameter. The design attains cell sorting rates and purities approaching those of state of the art fluorescence-activated cell sorters with all the advantages of microfluidic cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Ung
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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37
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Ng JW, Devendran C, Neild A. Acoustic tweezing of particles using decaying opposing travelling surface acoustic waves (DOTSAW). LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3489-3497. [PMID: 28929163 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves offer a versatile and biocompatible method of manipulating the location of suspended particles or cells within microfluidic systems. The most common approach uses the interference of identical frequency, counter propagating travelling waves to generate a standing surface acoustic wave, in which particles migrate a distance less than half the acoustic wavelength to their nearest pressure node. The result is the formation of a periodic pattern of particles. Subsequent displacement of this pattern, the prerequisite for tweezing, can be achieved by translation of the standing wave, and with it the pressure nodes; this requires changing either the frequency of the pair of waves, or their relative phase. Here, in contrast, we examine the use of two counterpropagating traveling waves of different frequency. The non-linearity of the acoustic forces used to manipulate particles, means that a small frequency difference between the two waves creates a substantially different force field, which offers significant advantages. Firstly, this approach creates a much longer range force field, in which migration takes place across multiple wavelengths, and causes particles to be gathered together in a single trapping site. Secondly, the location of this single trapping site can be controlled by the relative amplitude of the two waves, requiring simply an attenuation of one of the electrical drive signals. Using this approach, we show that by controlling the powers of the opposing incoherent waves, 5 μm particles can be migrated laterally across a fluid flow to defined locations with an accuracy of ±10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei Ng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Bian Y, Guo F, Yang S, Mao Z, Bachman H, Tang SY, Ren L, Zhang B, Gong J, Guo X, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic waveguides for localized control of acoustic wavefront in microfluidics. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2017; 21:132. [PMID: 29358901 PMCID: PMC5774628 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-017-1971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The precise manipulation of acoustic fields in microfluidics is of critical importance for the realization of many biomedical applications. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to the field of acoustofluidics during recent years, dexterous control, with an arbitrary and complex acoustic wavefront, in a prescribed, microscale region is still out of reach. Here, we introduce the concept of acoustofluidic waveguide, a three-dimensional compact configuration that is capable of locally guiding acoustic waves into a fluidic environment. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, we revealed the possibility of forming complex field patterns with defined pressure nodes within a highly localized, pre-determined region inside the microfluidic chamber. We also demonstrated the tunability of the acoustic field profile through controlling the size and shape of the waveguide geometry, as well as the operational frequency of the acoustic wave. The feasibility of the waveguide concept was experimentally verified via microparticle trapping and patterning. Our acoustofluidic waveguiding structures can be readily integrated with other microfluidic configurations and can be further designed into more complex types of passive acoustofluidic devices. The waveguide platform provides a promising alternative to current acoustic manipulation techniques and is useful in many applications such as single-cell analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and studies of cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Bian
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Fluid Machinery and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Gong
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Darinskii AN, Weihnacht M, Schmidt H. Acoustomicrofluidic application of quasi-shear surface waves. ULTRASONICS 2017; 78:10-17. [PMID: 28279881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The paper analyzes the possibility of using predominantly boundary polarized surface acoustic waves for actuating fluidic effects in microchannels fabricated inside containers made of PDMS. The aim is to remove a shortcoming peculiar to conventionally utilized predominantly vertically polarized waves. Such waves strongly attenuate while they propagate under container side walls because of the leakage into them. Due to a specific feature of PDMS - extremely small shear elastic modulus - losses of boundary polarized modes should be far smaller. The amplitude of vertical mechanical displacements can be increased right inside the channel owing to the scattering of acoustic fields. As an example, the predominantly vertically polarized surface wave on 128YX LiNbO3 is compared with the quasi-shear leaky wave on 64YX LiNbO3. Our computations predict that, given the electric power supplied to the launching transducer, the quasi-shear wave will drive the fluid more efficiently than the surface wave on 128YX LiNbO3 when the container wall thickness is larger than 25-30 wavelengths, if there are no additional scatterers inside the channel. In the presence of a scatterer, such as a thin gold strip, the quasi-shear wave can be more efficient when the wall thickness exceeds 10-15 wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Darinskii
- Institute of Crystallography FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow 119333, Russia; National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky pr. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - M Weihnacht
- IFW Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, P.O. 27 00 16, D-01171 Dresden, Germany; InnoXacs, Am Muehlfeld 34, D-01744 Dippoldiswalde, Germany
| | - H Schmidt
- IFW Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, P.O. 27 00 16, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Mao Z, Li P, Wu M, Bachman H, Mesyngier N, Guo X, Liu S, Costanzo F, Huang TJ. Enriching Nanoparticles via Acoustofluidics. ACS NANO 2017; 11:603-612. [PMID: 28068078 PMCID: PMC5536981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Focusing and enriching submicrometer and nanometer scale objects is of great importance for many applications in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present an acoustofluidic chip that can generate single vortex acoustic streaming inside a glass capillary through using low-power acoustic waves (only 5 V is required). The single vortex acoustic streaming that is generated, in conjunction with the acoustic radiation force, is able to enrich submicrometer- and nanometer-sized particles in a small volume. Numerical simulations were used to elucidate the mechanism of the single vortex formation and were verified experimentally, demonstrating the focusing of silica and polystyrene particles ranging in diameter from 80 to 500 nm. Moreover, the acoustofluidic chip was used to conduct an immunoassay in which nanoparticles that captured fluorescently labeled biomarkers were concentrated to enhance the emitted signal. With its advantages in simplicity, functionality, and power consumption, the acoustofluidic chip we present here is promising for many point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicolas Mesyngier
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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Skov NR, Bruus H. Modeling of Microdevices for SAW-Based Acoustophoresis - A Study of Boundary Conditions. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7100182. [PMID: 30404354 PMCID: PMC6190298 DOI: 10.3390/mi7100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a finite-element method modeling of acoustophoretic devices consisting of a single, long, straight, water-filled microchannel surrounded by an elastic wall of either borosilicate glass (pyrex) or the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and placed on top of a piezoelectric transducer that actuates the device by surface acoustic waves (SAW). We compare the resulting acoustic fields in these full solid-fluid models with those obtained in reduced fluid models comprising of only a water domain with simplified, approximate boundary conditions representing the surrounding solids. The reduced models are found to only approximate the acoustically hard pyrex systems to a limited degree for large wall thicknesses and but not very well for acoustically soft PDMS systems shorter than the PDMS damping length of 3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Refstrup Skov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Bruus
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Ozcelik A, Nama N, Huang PH, Kaynak M, McReynolds MR, Hanna-Rose W, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Rotational Manipulation of Cells and Organisms Using Oscillating Solid Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5120-5125. [PMID: 27515787 PMCID: PMC5388358 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A polydimethylsiloxane microchannel featuring sidewall sharp-edge structures and bare channels, and a piezoelement transducer is attached to a thin glass slide. When an external acoustic field is applied to the microchannel, the oscillation of the sharp-edge structures and the thin glass slide generate acoustic streaming flows which in turn rotate single cells and C. elegans in-plane and out-of-plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Murat Kaynak
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wendy Hanna-Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Lata JP, Guo F, Guo J, Huang PH, Yang J, Huang TJ. Surface Acoustic Waves Grant Superior Spatial Control of Cells Embedded in Hydrogel Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8632-8638. [PMID: 27571239 PMCID: PMC6365144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting surface acoustic waves and a coupling layer technique, cells are patterned within a photosensitive hydrogel fiber to mimic physiological cell arrangement in tissues. The aligned cell-polymer matrix is polymerized with short exposure to UV light and the fiber is extracted. These patterned cell fibers are manipulated into simple and complex architectures, demonstrating feasibility for tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Lata
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jinshan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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45
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Shields CW, Ohiri KA, Szott LM, López GP. Translating microfluidics: Cell separation technologies and their barriers to commercialization. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 92:115-125. [PMID: 27282966 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microfluidic cell sorting have revolutionized the ways in which cell-containing fluids are processed, now providing performances comparable to, or exceeding, traditional systems, but in a vastly miniaturized format. These technologies exploit a wide variety of physical phenomena to manipulate cells and fluid flow, such as magnetic traps, sound waves and flow-altering micropatterns, and they can evaluate single cells by immobilizing them onto surfaces for chemotherapeutic assessment, encapsulate cells into picoliter droplets for toxicity screenings and examine the interactions between pairs of cells in response to new, experimental drugs. However, despite the massive surge of innovation in these high-performance lab-on-a-chip devices, few have undergone successful commercialization, and no device has been translated to a widely distributed clinical commodity to date. Persistent challenges such as an increasingly saturated patent landscape as well as complex user interfaces are among several factors that may contribute to their slowed progress. In this article, we identify several of the leading microfluidic technologies for sorting cells that are poised for clinical translation; we examine the principal barriers preventing their routine clinical use; finally, we provide a prospectus to elucidate the key criteria that must be met to overcome those barriers. Once established, these tools may soon transform how clinical labs study various ailments and diseases by separating cells for downstream sequencing and enabling other forms of advanced cellular or sub-cellular analysis. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Korine A Ohiri
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Luisa M Szott
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Gabriel P López
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
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46
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Darinskii AN, Weihnacht M, Schmidt H. Computation of the pressure field generated by surface acoustic waves in microchannels. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2701-2709. [PMID: 27314212 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The high-frequency pressure induced by a surface acoustic wave in the fluid filling a microchannel is computed by solving the full scattering problem. The microchannel is fabricated inside a container attached to the top of a piezoelectric substrate where the surface wave propagates. The finite element method is used. The pressure found in this way is compared with the pressure obtained by solving boundary-value problems formulated on the basis of simplifications which have been introduced in earlier papers by other research studies. The considered example shows that the difference between the results can be significant, ranging from several tens of percent up to several times in different points inside the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Darinskii
- Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow 119333, Russia.
| | - M Weihnacht
- IFW Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, P.O. 27 00 16, D-01171 Dresden, Germany and InnoXacs, Am Muehlfeld 34, D-01744 Dippoldiswalde, Germany
| | - H Schmidt
- IFW Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, P.O. 27 00 16, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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