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Wegener C, Amatobi KM, Ozbek-Unal AG, Fekete A. Circadian Control of Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38874889 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
To ensure optimum health and performance, lipid metabolism needs to be temporally aligned to other body processes and to daily changes in the environment. Central and peripheral circadian clocks and environmental signals such as light provide internal and external time cues to the body. Importantly, each of the key organs involved in insect lipid metabolism contains a molecular clockwork which ticks with a varying degree of autonomy from the central clock in the brain. In this chapter, we review our current knowledge about peripheral clocks in the insect fat body, gut and oenocytes, and light- and circadian-driven diel patterns in lipid metabolites and lipid-related transcripts. In addition, we highlight selected neuroendocrine signaling pathways that are or may be involved in the temporal coordination and control of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wegener
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Kelechi M Amatobi
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ayten Gizem Ozbek-Unal
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Akyol S, Ashrafi N, Yilmaz A, Turkoglu O, Graham SF. Metabolomics: An Emerging "Omics" Platform for Systems Biology and Its Implications for Huntington Disease Research. Metabolites 2023; 13:1203. [PMID: 38132886 PMCID: PMC10744751 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The precise mechanisms of HD progression are poorly understood; however, it is known that there is an expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Important new strategies are of paramount importance to identify early biomarkers with predictive value for intervening in disease progression at a stage when cellular dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly. Metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles in a system (cell, tissue, or organism) under certain conditions and is becoming an essential tool for the systemic characterization of metabolites to provide a snapshot of the functional and pathophysiological states of an organism and support disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. This review briefly highlights the historical progress of metabolomic methodologies, followed by a more detailed review of the use of metabolomics in HD research to enable a greater understanding of the pathogenesis, its early prediction, and finally the main technical platforms in the field of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- NX Prenatal Inc., 4350 Brownsboro Road, Louisville KY 40207, USA;
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
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3
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Malik DM, Rhoades SD, Zhang SL, Sengupta A, Barber A, Haynes P, Arnadottir ES, Pack A, Kibbey RG, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Glucose Challenge Uncovers Temporal Fungibility of Metabolic Homeostasis Throughout the Day. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564837. [PMID: 37961230 PMCID: PMC10634956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmicity is a central feature of behavioral and biological processes including metabolism, however, the mechanisms of metabolite cycling are poorly understood. A robust oscillation in a network of key metabolite pathways downstream of glucose is described in humans, then these pathways mechanistically probed through purpose-built 13C6-glucose isotope tracing in Drosophila every 4h. A temporal peak in biosynthesis was noted by broad labelling of pathways downstream of glucose in wild-type flies shortly following lights on. Krebs cycle labelling was generally increased in a hyperactive mutant (fumin) along with glycolysis labelling primarily observed at dawn. Surprisingly, neither underlying feeding rhythms nor the presence of food explains the rhythmicity of glucose processing across genotypes. These results are consistent with clinical data demonstrating detrimental effects of mis-timed energy intake. This approach provides a window into the dynamic range of metabolic processing ability through the day and mechanistic basis for exploring circadian metabolic homeostasis in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M. Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seth D. Rhoades
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Fulgens Consulting, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shirley L. Zhang
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Annika Barber
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Paula Haynes
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Erna Sif Arnadottir
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Allan Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Richard G. Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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4
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Amatobi KM, Ozbek-Unal AG, Schäbler S, Deppisch P, Helfrich-Förster C, Mueller MJ, Wegener C, Fekete A. The circadian clock is required for rhythmic lipid transport in Drosophila in interaction with diet and photic condition. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100417. [PMID: 37481037 PMCID: PMC10550813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle is often at odds with endogenously driven rhythmicity, which can lead to circadian disruption and metabolic syndrome. One signature for circadian disruption is a reduced or altered metabolite cycling in the circulating tissue reflecting the current metabolic status. Drosophila is a well-established model in chronobiology, but day-time dependent variations of transport metabolites in the fly circulation are poorly characterized. Here, we sampled fly hemolymph throughout the day and analyzed diacylglycerols (DGs), phosphoethanolamines (PEs) and phosphocholines (PCs) using LC-MS. In wild-type flies kept on sugar-only medium under a light-dark cycle, all transport lipid species showed a synchronized bimodal oscillation pattern with maxima at the beginning and end of the light phase which were impaired in period01 clock mutants. In wild-type flies under constant dark conditions, the oscillation became monophasic with a maximum in the middle of the subjective day. In strong support of clock-driven oscillations, levels of the targeted lipids peaked once in the middle of the light phase under time-restricted feeding independent of the time of food intake. When wild-type flies were reared on full standard medium, the rhythmic alterations of hemolymph lipid levels were greatly attenuated. Our data suggest that the circadian clock aligns daily oscillations of DGs, PEs, and PCs in the hemolymph to the anabolic siesta phase, with a strong influence of light on phase and modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi M Amatobi
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ayten Gizem Ozbek-Unal
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schäbler
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Deppisch
- Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
- Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wegener
- Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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5
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Hayward SA, Colinet H. Metabolomics as a tool to elucidate biochemical cold adaptation in insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 58:101061. [PMID: 37244636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an incredibly valuable tool in helping understand insect responses to cold. It not only characterizes how low temperature disrupts metabolic homeostasis, but also how it triggers fundamental adaptive responses, for example, homeoviscous adaptation and cryoprotectant accumulation. This review outlines the advantages and disadvantages of different metabolomic technologies (nuclear magnetic resonance- versus mass spectrometry-based) and screening approaches (targeted versus untargeted). We emphasize the importance of time-series and tissue-specific data, as well as the challenges of disentangling insect versus microbiome responses. In addition, we set out the need to move beyond simple correlations between metabolite abundance and tolerance phenotypes by undertaking functional assessments, for example, using dietary supplementation or injections. We highlight studies at the vanguard of employing these approaches, and where key knowledge gaps remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Al Hayward
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hervé Colinet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France.
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6
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Vaughen JP, Theisen E, Rivas-Serna IM, Berger AB, Kalakuntla P, Anreiter I, Mazurak VC, Rodriguez TP, Mast JD, Hartl T, Perlstein EO, Reimer RJ, Clandinin MT, Clandinin TR. Glial control of sphingolipid levels sculpts diurnal remodeling in a circadian circuit. Neuron 2022; 110:3186-3205.e7. [PMID: 35961319 PMCID: PMC10868424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural plasticity in the brain often necessitates dramatic remodeling of neuronal processes, with attendant reorganization of the cytoskeleton and membranes. Although cytoskeletal restructuring has been studied extensively, how lipids might orchestrate structural plasticity remains unclear. We show that specific glial cells in Drosophila produce glucocerebrosidase (GBA) to locally catabolize sphingolipids. Sphingolipid accumulation drives lysosomal dysfunction, causing gba1b mutants to harbor protein aggregates that cycle across circadian time and are regulated by neural activity, the circadian clock, and sleep. Although the vast majority of membrane lipids are stable across the day, a specific subset that is highly enriched in sphingolipids cycles daily in a gba1b-dependent fashion. Remarkably, both sphingolipid biosynthesis and degradation are required for the diurnal remodeling of circadian clock neurites, which grow and shrink across the day. Thus, dynamic sphingolipid regulation by glia enables diurnal circuit remodeling and proper circadian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Vaughen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emma Theisen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irma Magaly Rivas-Serna
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Andrew B Berger
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prateek Kalakuntla
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ina Anreiter
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Joshua D Mast
- Perlara PBC, 2625 Alcatraz Ave #435, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Tom Hartl
- Perlara PBC, 2625 Alcatraz Ave #435, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | | | - Richard J Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Thomas Clandinin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Thomas R Clandinin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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Maravat M, Bertrand M, Landon C, Fayon F, Morisset-Lopez S, Sarou-Kanian V, Decoville M. Complementary Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics Approaches for Glioma Biomarker Identification in a Drosophila melanogaster Model. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3977-3991. [PMID: 34286978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Composed of glial cells and their precursors, they are aggressive and highly invasive, leading to a poor prognosis. Due to the difficulty of surgically removing tumors and their resistance to treatments, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve patient life expectancy and comfort. Drosophila melanogaster is a compelling genetic model to better understanding human neurological diseases owing to its high conservation in signaling pathways and cellular content of the brain. Here, glioma has been induced in Drosophila by co-activating the epidermal growth factor receptor and the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase signaling pathways. Complementary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to obtain metabolic profiles in the third instar larvae brains. Fresh organs were directly studied by 1H high resolution-magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR, and brain extracts were analyzed by solution-state 1H-NMR. Statistical analyses revealed differential metabolic signatures, impacted metabolic pathways, and glioma biomarkers. Each method was efficient to determine biomarkers. The highlighted metabolites including glucose, myo-inositol, sarcosine, glycine, alanine, and pyruvate for solution-state NMR and proline, myo-inositol, acetate, and glucose for HR-MAS show very good performances in discriminating samples according to their nature with data mining based on receiver operating characteristic curves. Combining results allows for a more complete view of induced disturbances and opens the possibility of deciphering the biochemical mechanisms of these tumors. The identified biomarkers provide a means to rebalance specific pathways through targeted metabolic therapy and to study the effects of pharmacological treatments using Drosophila as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Maravat
- CNRS, CEMHTI UPR3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | | | - Céline Landon
- CNRS, CBM UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Franck Fayon
- CNRS, CEMHTI UPR3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
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Manenti T, Sten LJ, Loeschcke V. Daily increasing or decreasing photoperiod affects stress resistance and life history traits in four Drosophila species. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 132:104251. [PMID: 33971199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod is one of the most reliable seasonal cues that organisms can use to prepare for upcoming environmental changes. Evidence suggests that exposure to different photoperiod can activate plastic responses in stress resistance traits, while there is limited evidence on the plastic response induced by daily progressive cumulative changes in photoperiod. In this study, we assayed the effect of within generation daily uni-directional and cumulative changes in photoperiod on stress resistance and life history traits in four Drosophila species. We predicted that daily increasing photoperiod, mimicking upcoming summer conditions, should lead to an increase in heat resistance and establish trade-offs with other fitness related traits. On the other hand, we predicted that daily decreasing photoperiod should reflect upcoming winter conditions leading to an increase in cold resistance. We found that within genreation changes in photoperiod had a significant effect on life history and stress resistance traits in the four Drosophila species. The observed response was different across species, with D. melanogaster showing five out of six studied traits affected, while in D. mercatorum only one trait was significantly affected. The exposure to changing photoperiod led to an increased upper thermal resistance in D. melanogaster and D. mercatorum and a decreased lower thermal resistance in D. melanogaster and D. simulans, as well as a decreased starvation and desiccation resistance in D. virilis. The developmental time was shorter when flies were exposed to the two photoperiod regimes compared to constant day length control in D. melanogaster and D. simulans. A limited effect was observed on egg-to-adult-viability and desiccation resistance. The results of this study show that daily change in photoperiod induced a plastic response in different traits of drosophilids, suggesting that this environmental parameter needs to be carefully considered in evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Manenti
- Dept. of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Laboratori Biokyma srl, Loc. Mocaia 44b, 52031 Anghiari, AR, Italy.
| | - Linnea Juul Sten
- Dept. of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- Dept. of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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9
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Schäbler S, Amatobi KM, Horn M, Rieger D, Helfrich-Förster C, Mueller MJ, Wegener C, Fekete A. Loss of function in the Drosophila clock gene period results in altered intermediary lipid metabolism and increased susceptibility to starvation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4939-4956. [PMID: 31960114 PMCID: PMC7658074 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila is a prime model in circadian research, but still little is known about its circadian regulation of metabolism. Daily rhythmicity in levels of several metabolites has been found, but knowledge about hydrophobic metabolites is limited. We here compared metabolite levels including lipids between period01 (per01) clock mutants and Canton-S wildtype (WTCS) flies in an isogenic and non-isogenic background using LC-MS. In the non-isogenic background, metabolites with differing levels comprised essential amino acids, kynurenines, pterinates, glycero(phospho)lipids, and fatty acid esters. Notably, detectable diacylglycerols (DAG) and acylcarnitines (AC), involved in lipid metabolism, showed lower levels in per01 mutants. Most of these differences disappeared in the isogenic background, yet the level differences for AC as well as DAG were consistent for fly bodies. AC levels were dependent on the time of day in WTCS in phase with food consumption under LD conditions, while DAGs showed weak daily oscillations. Two short-chain ACs continued to cycle even in constant darkness. per01 mutants in LD showed no or very weak diel AC oscillations out of phase with feeding activity. The low levels of DAGs and ACs in per01 did not correlate with lower total food consumption, body mass or weight. Clock mutant flies showed higher sensitivity to starvation independent of their background-dependent activity level. Our results suggest that neither feeding, energy storage nor mobilisation is significantly affected in per01 mutants, but point towards impaired mitochondrial activity, supported by upregulation of the mitochondrial stress marker 4EBP in the clock mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schäbler
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97084, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kelechi M Amatobi
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97084, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Horn
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Würzburg Insect Research, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Rieger
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Würzburg Insect Research, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Würzburg Insect Research, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97084, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wegener
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Würzburg Insect Research, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97084, Würzburg, Germany.
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10
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Ch R, Chevallier O, Elliott CT. Metabolomics reveal circadian control of cellular metabolism. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Long DM, Frame AK, Reardon PN, Cumming RC, Hendrix DA, Kretzschmar D, Giebultowicz JM. Lactate dehydrogenase expression modulates longevity and neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10041-10058. [PMID: 32484787 PMCID: PMC7346061 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the conversion of glycolysis-derived pyruvate to lactate. Lactate has been shown to play key roles in brain energetics and memory formation. However, lactate levels are elevated in aging and Alzheimer's disease patients, and it is not clear whether lactate plays protective or detrimental roles in these contexts. Here we show that Ldh transcript levels are elevated and cycle with diurnal rhythm in the heads of aged flies and this is associated with increased LDH protein, enzyme activity, and lactate concentrations. To understand the biological significance of increased Ldh gene expression, we genetically manipulated Ldh levels in adult neurons or glia. Overexpression of Ldh in both cell types caused a significant reduction in lifespan whereas Ldh down-regulation resulted in lifespan extension. Moreover, pan-neuronal overexpression of Ldh disrupted circadian locomotor activity rhythms and significantly increased brain neurodegeneration. In contrast, reduction of Ldh in neurons delayed age-dependent neurodegeneration. Thus, our unbiased genetic approach identified Ldh and lactate as potential modulators of aging and longevity in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani M Long
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.,Present address: Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ariel K Frame
- Department of Biology, Western University of London, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert C Cumming
- Department of Biology, Western University of London, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Malik DM, Paschos GK, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Circadian and Sleep Metabolomics Across Species. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3578-3610. [PMID: 32376454 PMCID: PMC7781158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under normal circadian function, metabolic control is temporally coordinated across tissues and behaviors with a 24-h period. However, circadian disruption results in negative consequences for metabolic homeostasis including energy or redox imbalances. Yet, circadian disruption has become increasingly prevalent within today's society due to many factors including sleep loss. Metabolic consequences of both have been revealed by metabolomics analyses of circadian biology and sleep. Specifically, two primary analytical platforms, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have been used to study molecular clock and sleep influences on overall metabolic rhythmicity. For example, human studies have demonstrated the prevalence of metabolic rhythms in human biology, as well as pan-metabolome consequences of sleep disruption. However, human studies are limited to peripheral metabolic readouts primarily through minimally invasive procedures. For further tissue- and organism-specific investigations, a number of model systems have been studied, based upon the conserved nature of both the molecular clock and sleep across species. Here we summarize human studies as well as key findings from metabolomics studies using mice, Drosophila, and zebrafish. While informative, a limitation in existing literature is a lack of interpretation regarding dynamic synthesis or catabolism within metabolite pools. To this extent, future work incorporating isotope tracers, specific metabolite reporters, and single-cell metabolomics may provide a means of exploring dynamic activity in pathways of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgios K Paschos
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Penn Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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13
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Srivastava M, Varma V, Abhilash L, Sharma VK, Sheeba V. Circadian Clock Properties and Their Relationships as a Function of Free-Running Period in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:231-248. [PMID: 30939971 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419837767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The stability of circadian clock mechanisms under cyclic environments contributes to increased Darwinian fitness by accurately timing daily behavior and physiology. Earlier studies on biological clocks speculated that the timing of behavior and its accuracy are determined by the intrinsic period (τ) of the circadian clock under constant conditions, its stability, the period of the external cycle (T), and resetting of the clock by environmental time cues. However, most of these previous studies suffered from certain limitations, the major ones being a narrow range of examined τ values and a non-uniformity in the genetic background across the individuals tested. We present data that rigorously test the following hypotheses by employing Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies with τ ranging from 17 to 30 h in a uniform genetic background. We tested whether 1) precision (day-to-day stability of τ) is greater for clocks with τ close to 24 h; 2) accuracy (i.e., day-to-day stability of the phase relationship (ψ), where ψ is the duration between a phase of the rhythm and a phase of the external cycle) is greater for clocks with τ close to 24 h; 3) Ψ is delayed with an increase in τ; and 4) Ψ becomes more advanced with an increase in length of zeitgeber cycle (T). We show that precision is not always maximum for ~24-h clocks, but that accuracy is greatest when τ approximates T. Further, flies exhibit a delayed phase relationship with increasing τ and an advanced phase relationship under long T-cycles as compared with shorter T-cycles. We also describe relationships between activity and rest durations and how our observations fit predictions from models of circadian entrainment. Overall, we confirm that accuracy and phase of entrained rhythm are governed by both intrinsic clock period and the length of the external cycle; however, we find that the relationship between intrinsic period and precision does not fit previous predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishi Srivastava
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Vishwanath Varma
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Lakshman Abhilash
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Vasu Sheeba
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neurosciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
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Srivastava M, James A, Varma V, Sharma VK, Sheeba V. Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:21. [PMID: 30577765 PMCID: PMC6303858 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated a role for circadian clocks in regulating pre-adult development of organisms. Among them two approaches are most notable: 1) use of insects whose clocks have different free-running periods and 2) imposition of artificial selection on either rate of development, timing of emergence or circadian period in laboratory populations. Using these two approaches, influence of clock on rate of development has been elucidated. However, the contribution of circadian clocks in determining time taken for pre-adult development has remained unclear. Here we present results of our studies aimed to understand this influence by examining populations of fruit flies carrying three different alleles of the period gene and hence having different free-running periods. We tried to achieve similarity of genetic background among the three strains while also ensuring that they harbored sufficient variation on loci other than period gene. RESULTS We find that under constant conditions, flies with long period have slower development whereas in presence of light-dark cycles (LD) of various lengths, the speed of development for each genotype is influenced by whether their eclosion rhythms can entrain to them. Under LD 12:12 (T24), where all three strains entrain, they do not show any difference in time taken for emergence, whereas under LD 10:10 (T20) where long period flies do not entrain and LD 14:14 (T28) where short period flies do not entrain, they have slower and faster pre-adult development, respectively, compared to the controls. We also show that a prior stage in development namely pupation is not rhythmic though time taken for pupation is determined by both the environmental cycle and period allele. CONCLUSION We discuss how in presence of daily time cues, interaction of the cyclic environmental factors with the clock determines the position and width of the gate available for a fly to emerge (duration of time within a cycle when adult emergence can occur) resulting in an altered developmental duration from that observed under constant conditions. We also discuss the relevance of genetic background influencing this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishi Srivastava
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit (Formerly Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjana James
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit (Formerly Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwanath Varma
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit (Formerly Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit (Formerly Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasu Sheeba
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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15
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Tung S, Mishra A, Gogna N, Aamir Sadiq M, Shreenidhi PM, Shree Sruti VR, Dorai K, Dey S. Evolution of dispersal syndrome and its corresponding metabolomic changes. Evolution 2018; 72:1890-1903. [PMID: 30075053 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is one of the strategies for organisms to deal with climate change and habitat degradation. Therefore, investigating the effects of dispersal evolution on natural populations is of considerable interest to ecologists and conservation biologists. Although it is known that dispersal itself can evolve due to selection, the behavioral, life-history and metabolic consequences of dispersal evolution are not well understood. Here, we explore these issues by subjecting four outbred laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster to selection for increased dispersal. The dispersal-selected populations had similar values of body size, fecundity, and longevity as the nonselected lines (controls), but evolved significantly greater locomotor activity, exploratory tendency, and aggression. Untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting through NMR spectroscopy suggested that the selected flies evolved elevated cellular respiration characterized by greater amounts of glucose, AMP, and NAD. Concurrent evolution of higher level of Octopamine and other neurotransmitters indicate a possible mechanism for the behavioral changes in the selected lines. We discuss the generalizability of our findings in the context of observations from natural populations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the evolution of metabolome due to selection for dispersal and its connection to dispersal syndrome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Tung
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navdeep Gogna
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed Aamir Sadiq
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - P M Shreenidhi
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - V R Shree Sruti
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kavita Dorai
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sutirth Dey
- Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Potdar S, Daniel DK, Thomas FA, Lall S, Sheeba V. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts reproductive output in Drosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.174771. [PMID: 29361608 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most animals sleep or exhibit a sleep-like state, yet the adaptive significance of this phenomenon remains unclear. Although reproductive deficits are associated with lifestyle-induced sleep deficiencies, how sleep loss affects reproductive physiology is poorly understood, even in model organisms. We aimed to bridge this mechanistic gap by impairing sleep in female fruit flies and testing its effect on egg output. We found that sleep deprivation by feeding caffeine or by mechanical perturbation resulted in decreased egg output. Transient activation of wake-promoting dopaminergic neurons decreased egg output in addition to sleep levels, thus demonstrating a direct negative impact of sleep deficit on reproductive output. Similarly, loss-of-function mutation in dopamine transporter fumin (fmn) led to both significant sleep loss and lowered fecundity. This demonstration of a direct relationship between sleep and reproductive fitness indicates a strong driving force for the evolution of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Potdar
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Danita K Daniel
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Femi A Thomas
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shraddha Lall
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Vasu Sheeba
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India .,Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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17
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Rhoades SD, Nayak K, Zhang SL, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Circadian- and Light-driven Metabolic Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:126-136. [PMID: 29355066 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417753003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions of environmental cues and transcriptional clocks drive rhythmicity in organismal physiology. Light directly affects the circadian clock; however, little is known about its relative role in controlling metabolic variations in vivo. Here we used high time-resolution sampling in Drosophila at every 2 h to measure metabolite outputs using a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Over 14% of detected metabolites oscillated with circadian periodicity under light-dark (LD) cycles. Many metabolites peaked shortly after lights-on, suggesting responsiveness to feeding and/or activity rather than the preactivity anticipation, as observed in previous transcriptomics analyses. Roughly 9% of measured metabolites uniquely oscillated under constant darkness (DD), suggesting that metabolite rhythms are associated with the transcriptional clock machinery. Strikingly, metabolome differences between LD and constant darkness were observed only during the light phase, highlighting the importance of photic input. Clock mutant flies exhibited strong 12-h ultradian rhythms, including 4 carbohydrate species with circadian periods in wild-type flies, but lacked 24-h circadian metabolic oscillations. A meta-analysis of these results with previous circadian metabolomics experiments uncovered the possibility of conserved rhythms in amino acids, keto-acids, and sugars across flies, mice, and humans and provides a basis for exploring the chrono-metabolic connection with powerful genetic tools in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Rhoades
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Katrina Nayak
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Metabolomics: State-of-the-Art Technologies and Applications on Drosophila melanogaster. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1076:257-276. [PMID: 29951824 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0529-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the latest "omics" technology concerned with the high-throughput identification and quantification of metabolites, the final products of cellular processes. The revealed data provide an instantaneous snapshot of an organism's metabolic pathways, which can be used to explain its phenotype or physiology. On the other hand, Drosophila has shown its power in studying metabolism and related diseases. At this stage, we have the state-of-the-art knowledge in place: a potential candidate to study cellular metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster) and a powerful methodology for metabolic network decipherer (metabolomics). Yet missing is advanced metabolomics technologies like isotope-assisted metabolomics optimized for Drosophila. In this chapter, we will discuss on the current status and future perspectives in technologies and applications of Drosophila metabolomics.
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19
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Gogna N, Sharma R, Gupta V, Dorai K, Prasad NG. Evolution of the metabolome in response to selection for increased immunity in populations of Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188089. [PMID: 29149207 PMCID: PMC5693281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We used NMR-based metabolomics to test two hypotheses–(i) there will be evolved differences in the metabolome of selected and control populations even under un-infected conditions and (ii) post infection, the metabolomes of the selected and control populations will respond differently. We selected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for increased survivorship (I) against a gram-negative pathogen. We subjected the selected (I) and their control populations (S) to three different treatments: (1) infected with heat-killed bacteria (i), (2) sham infected (s), and (3) untreated (u). We performed 1D and 2D NMR experiments to identify the metabolic differences. Multivariate analysis of the metabolic profiles of the untreated (Iu and Su) flies yielded higher concentrations of lipids, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, NAD and AMP in the Iu treatment as compared to the Su treatment, showing that even in the absence of infection, the metabolome of the I and S regimes was different. In the S and I regimes, post infection/injury, concentration of metabolites directly or indirectly associated with energy related pathways (lipids, organic acids, sugars) declined while the concentration of metabolites that are probably associated with immune response (amino acids) increased. However, in most cases, the I regime flies had a higher concentration of such metabolites even under un-infected conditions. The change in the metabolite concentration upon infection/injury was not always comparable between I and S regimes (in case of lactate, alanine, leucine, lysine, threonine) indicating that the I and S regimes had evolved to respond differentially to infection and to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Gogna
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vanika Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Dorai
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - N. G. Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
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20
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Singh V, Sharma RK, Athilingam T, Sinha P, Sinha N, Thakur AK. NMR Spectroscopy-based Metabolomics of Drosophila Model of Huntington's Disease Suggests Altered Cell Energetics. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3863-3872. [PMID: 28871787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder induced by aggregation of the pathological form of Huntingtin protein that has expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats. In the Drosophila model, for instance, expression of transgenes with polyQ repeats induces HD-like pathologies, progressively correlating with the increasing lengths of these repeats. Previous studies on both animal models and clinical samples have revealed metabolite imbalances during HD progression. To further explore the physiological processes linked to metabolite imbalances during HD, we have investigated the 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics profile of Drosophila HD model. Using multivariate analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) of metabolites obtained from methanolic extracts of fly heads displaying retinal deformations due to polyQ overexpression, we show that the metabolite imbalance during HD is likely to affect cell energetics. Six out of the 35 metabolites analyzed, namely, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), lactate, pyruvate, succinate, sarcosine, and acetoin, displayed segregation with progressive severity of HD. Specifically, HD progression was seen to be associated with reduction in NAD and increase in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. Furthermore, comparative analysis of fly HD metabolome with those of mouse HD model and HD human patients revealed comparable metabolite imbalances, suggesting altered cellular energy homeostasis. These findings thus raise the possibility of therapeutic interventions for HD via modulation of cellular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Singh
- Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus , Lucknow 226014, India
| | | | - Pradip Sinha
- Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus , Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
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21
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Li H, Tennessen JM. Methods for studying the metabolic basis of Drosophila development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6:10.1002/wdev.280. [PMID: 28556549 PMCID: PMC5561480 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of metabolic research has experienced an unexpected renaissance. While this renewed interest in metabolism largely originated in response to the global increase in diabetes and obesity, studies of metabolic regulation now represent the frontier of many biomedical fields. This trend is especially apparent in developmental biology, where metabolism influences processes ranging from stem cell differentiation and tissue growth to sexual maturation and reproduction. In this regard, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting conserved mechanisms that underlie developmental metabolism, often with a level of detail that is simply not possible in other animals. Here we describe why the fly is an ideal system for exploring the relationship between metabolism and development, and outline a basic experimental strategy for conducting these studies. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e280. doi: 10.1002/wdev.280 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongde Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Jason M. Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405
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22
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Cox JE, Thummel CS, Tennessen JM. Metabolomic Studies in Drosophila. Genetics 2017; 206:1169-1185. [PMID: 28684601 PMCID: PMC5500124 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis provides a powerful new tool for studies of Drosophila physiology. This approach allows investigators to detect thousands of chemical compounds in a single sample, representing the combined contributions of gene expression, enzyme activity, and environmental context. Metabolomics has been used for a wide range of studies in Drosophila, often providing new insights into gene function and metabolic state that could not be obtained using any other approach. In this review, we survey the uses of metabolomic analysis since its entry into the field. We also cover the major methods used for metabolomic studies in Drosophila and highlight new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and
- The Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Carl S Thummel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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23
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Krishnaiah SY, Wu G, Altman BJ, Growe J, Rhoades SD, Coldren F, Venkataraman A, Olarerin-George AO, Francey LJ, Mukherjee S, Girish S, Selby CP, Cal S, Er U, Sianati B, Sengupta A, Anafi RC, Kavakli IH, Sancar A, Baur JA, Dang CV, Hogenesch JB, Weljie AM. Clock Regulation of Metabolites Reveals Coupling between Transcription and Metabolism. Cell Metab 2017; 25:961-974.e4. [PMID: 28380384 PMCID: PMC5479132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The intricate connection between the circadian clock and metabolism remains poorly understood. We used high temporal resolution metabolite profiling to explore clock regulation of mouse liver and cell-autonomous metabolism. In liver, ∼50% of metabolites were circadian, with enrichment of nucleotide, amino acid, and methylation pathways. In U2 OS cells, 28% were circadian, including amino acids and NAD biosynthesis metabolites. Eighteen metabolites oscillated in both systems and a subset of these in primary hepatocytes. These 18 metabolites were enriched in methylation and amino acid pathways. To assess clock dependence of these rhythms, we used genetic perturbation. BMAL1 knockdown diminished metabolite rhythms, while CRY1 or CRY2 perturbation generally shortened or lengthened rhythms, respectively. Surprisingly, CRY1 knockdown induced 8 hr rhythms in amino acid, methylation, and vitamin metabolites, decoupling metabolite from transcriptional rhythms, with potential impact on nutrient sensing in vivo. These results provide the first comprehensive views of circadian liver and cell-autonomous metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikumari Y Krishnaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline Growe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seth D Rhoades
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Faith Coldren
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anand Venkataraman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony O Olarerin-George
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Saiveda Girish
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher P Selby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sibel Cal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ubeydullah Er
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bahareh Sianati
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - I Halil Kavakli
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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Sharma R, Gogna N, Singh H, Dorai K. Fast profiling of metabolite mixtures using chemometric analysis of a speeded-up 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR experiment. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) NMR spectra of mixtures of metabolites suffer from severe overlap of spectral resonances and hence recent research in NMR-based metabolomics focuses on using two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments for metabolite fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Navdeep Gogna
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Kavita Dorai
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
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25
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Urumarudappa SKJ, Gogna N, Newmaster SG, Venkatarangaiah K, Subramanyam R, Saroja SG, Gudasalamani R, Dorai K, Ramanan US. DNA barcoding and NMR spectroscopy-based assessment of species adulteration in the raw herbal trade of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd, an important medicinal plant. Int J Legal Med 2016; 130:1457-1470. [PMID: 27627901 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd, commonly known as "Asoka" or "Ashoka," is one of the most important medicinal plants used in raw herbal trade in India. The bark extracts of the tree are used in the treatment of leucorrhea and other uterine disorders besides also having anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-pyretic, anti-helminthic, and analgesic activity. The indiscriminate and rampant extraction of the wood to meet the ever-increasing market demand has led to a sharp decline in naturally occurring populations of the species in the country. Consequently, the species has recently been classified as "vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Increasing deforestation and increasing demand for this medicinal plant have resulted in a limited supply and suspected widespread adulteration of the species in the raw herbal trade market. Adulteration is a serious concern due to: (i) reduction in the efficacy of this traditional medicine, (ii) considerable health risk to consumers, and (iii) fraudulent product substitution that impacts the economy for the Natural Health Product (NHP) Industry and consumers. In this paper, we provide the first attempt to assess the extent of adulteration in the raw herbal trade of S. asoca using DNA barcoding validated by NMR spectroscopic techniques. Analyzing market samples drawn from 25 shops, mostly from peninsular India, we show that more than 80 % of the samples were spurious, representing plant material from at least 7 different families. This is the first comprehensive and large-scale study to demonstrate the widespread adulteration of market samples of S. asoca in India. These results pose grave implications for the use of raw herbal drugs, such as that of S. asoca, on consumer health and safety. Based on these findings, we argue for a strong and robust regulatory framework to be put in place, which would ensure the quality of raw herbal trade products and reassure consumer confidence in indigenous medicinal systems. Graphical Abstract DNA barcoding and NMR spectroscopy-based assessment of adulteration in Saraca asoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Jayanthinagar Urumarudappa
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India.,Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India.,Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, 577451, India
| | - Navdeep Gogna
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City Sector 81, PO Manauli, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Steven G Newmaster
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (CBG), College of Biological Sciences, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Toronto, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Krishna Venkatarangaiah
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, 577451, India
| | - Ragupathy Subramanyam
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (CBG), College of Biological Sciences, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Toronto, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Ravikanth Gudasalamani
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Kavita Dorai
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City Sector 81, PO Manauli, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Uma Shaanker Ramanan
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India. .,Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India. .,Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India.
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