1
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Kai U, Katsurayama Y, Nishida R, Kameyama T, Torimoto T, Furuyama T. Red-Light-Driven Bifunctionalization of Styrene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38803054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A red-light-activated phthalocyanine ruthenium complex has been designed as a catalyst for the bifunctionalization of styrene derivatives. The combination of a trifluoromethylation agent resistant to nucleophiles and various nucleophiles facilitates the concurrent incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group and various functional groups onto the double bond of the substrate. This reaction demonstrates the utility of mild, low-energy, and highly transmissive long-wavelength light for intricate molecular transformations in a one-pot procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urara Kai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshino Katsurayama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kameyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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2
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Kuehl NJ, Taylor MT. Rapid Biomolecular Trifluoromethylation Using Cationic Aromatic Sulfonate Esters as Visible-Light-Triggered Radical Photocages. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22878-22884. [PMID: 37819426 PMCID: PMC11076010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Described here is a photodecaging approach to radical trifluoromethylation of biomolecules. This was accomplished by designing a quinolinium sulfonate ester that, upon absorption of visible light, achieves decaging via photolysis of the sulfonate ester to ultimately liberate free trifluoromethyl radicals that are trapped by π-nucleophiles in biomolecules. This photodecaging process enables protein and protein-interaction mapping experiments using trifluoromethyl radicals that require only 1 s reaction times and low photocage concentrations. In these experiments, aromatic side chains are labeled in an environmentally dependent fashion, with selectivity observed for tryptophan (Trp), followed by histidine (His) and tyrosine (Tyr). Scalable peptide trifluoromethylation through photodecaging is also demonstrated, where bespoke peptides harboring trifluoromethyl groups at tryptophan residues can be synthesized with 5-7 min reaction times and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Kuehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Michael T. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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3
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Kawamura S, Sodeoka M. Understanding and Controlling Fluorinated Diacyl Peroxides and Fluoroalkyl Radicals in Alkene Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300202. [PMID: 37522613 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for practical methods for the synthesis of novel fluoroalkyl molecules is increasing owing to their diverse applications. Our group has achieved efficient difunctionalizing fluoroalkylations of alkenes using fluorinated carboxylic anhydrides as user-friendly fluoroalkyl sources. Fluorinated diacyl peroxide, prepared in situ from carboxylic anhydrides, enables the development of novel reactions when used as a radical fluoroalkylating reagent. In this account, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the structure, bonding, and reactivity of fluorinated diacyl peroxides and radicals as well as their control in fluoroalkylation reactions. In the first part of this account, the physical properties and reactivity of diacyl peroxides and fluoroalkyl radicals are described. In the subsequent part, we categorize the reactions into copper-catalyzed and metal-free methods utilizing the oxidizing properties of fluorinated diacyl peroxides. We also outline examples and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawamura
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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4
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Abstract
Nitroxides, also known as nitroxyl radicals, are long-lived or stable radicals with the general structure R1R2N-O•. The spin distribution over the nitroxide N and O atoms contributes to the thermodynamic stability of these radicals. The presence of bulky N-substituents R1 and R2 prevents nitroxide radical dimerization, ensuring their kinetic stability. Despite their reactivity toward various transient C radicals, some nitroxides can be easily stored under air at room temperature. Furthermore, nitroxides can be oxidized to oxoammonium salts (R1R2N═O+) or reduced to anions (R1R2N-O-), enabling them to act as valuable oxidants or reductants depending on their oxidation state. Therefore, they exhibit interesting reactivity across all three oxidation states. Due to these fascinating properties, nitroxides find extensive applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis. This review focuses on the versatile applications of nitroxides in organic synthesis. For their use in other important fields, we will refer to several review articles. The introductory part provides a brief overview of the history of nitroxide chemistry. Subsequently, the key methods for preparing nitroxides are discussed, followed by an examination of their structural diversity and physical properties. The main portion of this review is dedicated to oxidation reactions, wherein parent nitroxides or their corresponding oxoammonium salts serve as active species. It will be demonstrated that various functional groups (such as alcohols, amines, enolates, and alkanes among others) can be efficiently oxidized. These oxidations can be carried out using nitroxides as catalysts in combination with various stoichiometric terminal oxidants. By reducing nitroxides to their corresponding anions, they become effective reducing reagents with intriguing applications in organic synthesis. Nitroxides possess the ability to selectively react with transient radicals, making them useful for terminating radical cascade reactions by forming alkoxyamines. Depending on their structure, alkoxyamines exhibit weak C-O bonds, allowing for the thermal generation of C radicals through reversible C-O bond cleavage. Such thermally generated C radicals can participate in various radical transformations, as discussed toward the end of this review. Furthermore, the application of this strategy in natural product synthesis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Cao H, Cheng Q, Studer A. Radical and ionic
meta
-C–H functionalization of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines. Science 2022; 378:779-785. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-hydrogen (C−H) functionalization of pyridines is a powerful tool for the rapid construction and derivatization of many agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Because of the inherent electronic properties of pyridines, selective
meta
-C−H functionalization is challenging. Here, we present a protocol for highly regioselective
meta
-C−H trifluoromethylation, perfluoroalkylation, chlorination, bromination, iodination, nitration, sulfanylation, and selenylation of pyridines through a redox-neutral dearomatization-rearomatization process. The introduced dearomative activation mode provides a diversification platform for meta-selective reactions on pyridines and other azaarenes through radical as well as ionic pathways. The broad scope and high selectivity of these catalyst-free reactions render these processes applicable for late-stage functionalization of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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6
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Jia H, Ritter T. α-Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α-Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208978. [PMID: 35895980 PMCID: PMC9804271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report an α-thianthrenium carbonyl species, as the equivalent of an α-carbonyl carbocation, which is generated by the radical conjugate addition of a trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salt to Michael acceptors. The reactivity allows for the synthesis of Cα -tetrasubstituted α- and β-amino acid analogues via a Ritter reaction by addition of acetonitrile. Addition of hydroxide, methoxide, and even fluoride can afford α-heteroatom substituted α-phenylpropanoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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7
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Jia H, Ritter T. α‐Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α‐Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Department of Organic Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
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8
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Kawamoto T, Kamimura A. Radical Reactions of Vinyl Triflates and its Derivatives. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Recent Advances in Radical Reactions of Vinyl Triflates and Their Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1765-7383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVinyl triflates are valuable precursors for vinyl cations and vinyl carbenes and serve as electrophiles in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. However, the scope of radical reactions involving vinyl triflates has been very limited until recently. In this short review, we summarize the recent development on two categories of radical reactions involving vinyl triflates, i.e., radical trifluoromethylations and radical non-trifluoromethylations of vinyl triflates.1 I ntroduction to Vinyl Triflates2 Earlier Work on Radical Reactions of Vinyl Triflates3 Radical Trifluoromethylations of Vinyl Triflates and Their Derivatives4 Radical Non-Trifluoromethylation of Vinyl Triflates5 Conclusions and Outlook
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10
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Kawamoto T, Kawabata T, Noguchi K, Kamimura A. Vicinal Difunctionalization of Alkenes Using Vinyl Triflates Leading to γ-Trifluoromethylated Ketones. Org Lett 2021; 24:324-327. [PMID: 34918932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new methodology for the synthesis of γ-trifluoromethylated ketones from alkenes and vinyl triflate bifunctional reagents. The reaction proceeds via the addition of a β-trifluoromethyl alkyl radical to a vinyl triflate, followed by β-cleavage. We also demonstrate a one-pot version of the reaction for the vicinal functionalization of alkenes from alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kohki Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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11
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Teng S, Meng L, Xu B, Tu G, Wu P, Liao Z, Tan Y, Guo J, Zeng J, Wan Q. Togni‐II
Reagent Mediated Selective Hydrotrifluoromethylation and Hydrothiolation of Alkenes
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Guangsheng Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Zhiwen Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Yulin Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Jian Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
- Institute of Brain Research Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
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12
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Radical philicity and its role in selective organic transformations. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:486-499. [PMID: 37118440 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical intermediates in organic chemistry lack a full octet of electrons and, thus, are commonly said to be electron deficient. By denotation, such a statement is technically correct; however, in modern literature, the term 'electron deficient' carries a connotation of electrophilicity. This lexical quirk leads one to predict that all radicals should behave as electrophiles, when this is not the case. Indeed, practitioners of radical chemistry have known for decades that many radicals behave as nucleophiles, sometimes strongly so. This Review aims to establish guidelines for understanding radical philicity by highlighting examples from recent literature as a demonstration of general reactivity paradigms across a series of different carbon-based and heteroatom-based radicals. We present strategies for predicting the philicity of a given radical on the basis of qualitative features of the radical's structure. Finally, we discuss the implications of radical philicity to selective hydrogen atom transfer.
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13
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Chen CT, Su YC, Lu CH, Lien CI, Hung SF, Hsu CW, Agarwal R, Modala R, Tseng HM, Tseng PX, Fujii R, Kawashima K, Mori S. Enantioselective Radical Type, 1,2-Oxytrifluoromethylation of Olefins Catalyzed by Chiral Vanadyl Complexes: Importance of Noncovalent Interactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-I Lien
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiang-Fu Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chan-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ramuasagar Modala
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Min Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Xuan Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ryoma Fujii
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kawashima
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Mori
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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14
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Meng Q, Döben N, Studer A. Cooperative NHC and Photoredox Catalysis for the Synthesis of β-Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Aryl Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19956-19960. [PMID: 32700458 PMCID: PMC7693039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates are not well explored. This communication reports the three-component coupling of aroyl fluorides, styrenes and the Langlois reagent (CF3 SO2 Na) to give various β-trifluoromethylated alkyl aryl ketones with good functional group tolerance in moderate to high yields by cooperative photoredox/NHC catalysis. The alkene acyltrifluoromethylation proceeds via radical/radical cross coupling of ketyl radicals with benzylic C-radicals. The ketyl radicals are generated via SET reduction of in situ formed acylazolium ions whereas the benzylic radicals derive from trifluoromethyl radical addition onto styrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Yuan Meng
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Nadine Döben
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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15
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Meng Q, Döben N, Studer A. Kooperative NHC‐ und Photoredox‐Katalyse zur Synthese β‐trifluormethylierter Alkylarylketone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Yuan Meng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Nadine Döben
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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16
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Abstract
We have found that the CuCF2CF3 complex generated from low-cost pentafluoroethane is a convenient and practical source for the CF2CF3 radical under aerobic conditions at room temperature. Using this system, readily available unactivated alkenes can be pentafluoroethylated to provide novel allylic CF2CF3 compounds with excellent E-selectivity and functional group tolerability. Mechanistic studies including TEMPO-CF2CF3 trapping and radical clock experiments provided strong evidence for radical pathways, offering a new opportunity for copper-mediated radical perfluoroalkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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17
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Transition-metal-free variant of Glaser- and Cadiot-Chodkiewicz-type Coupling: Benign access to diverse 1,3-diynes and related molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Wang P, Zhu S, Lu D, Gong Y. Intermolecular Trifluoromethyl-Hydrazination of Alkenes Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:1924-1928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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19
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Zhang T, Zang H, Gai F, Feng Z, Li M, Duan C. Photoswitchable Cu(ii)/Cu(i) catalyses assisted by enzyme-like non-covalent interactions in Cu(ii)–melamine coordination polymers for installing CO2/CS2 and CF3 groups in heterocycles. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes photoswitchable Cu(ii)/Cu(i) catalyses and enzyme-like interactions in Cu–TDPAT for installing CO2/CS2 and CF3 groups in heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Gai
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Biology
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Mochen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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21
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Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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22
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Kawamura S, Sodeoka M. Fluoroalkylation Methods for Synthesizing Versatile Building Blocks. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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23
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Zheng D, Studer A. Photoinitiated Three-Component α-Perfluoroalkyl-β-heteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes via Electron Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:325-329. [PMID: 30576162 PMCID: PMC6326532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-initiated α-perfluoroalkyl-β-heteroarylation of various alkenes with perfluoroalkyl iodides and quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones is presented. This three-component radical cascade reaction allows an efficient synthesis of a range of perfluoroalkyl containing quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one derivatives in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. Reactions proceed via acidic aminyl radicals that are readily deprotonated to give the corresponding radical anions able to sustain the radical chain as single electron transfer reducing reagents. Hence, the overall cascade classifies as an electron-catalyzed process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zheng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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24
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Valverde E, Kawamura S, Sekine D, Sodeoka M. Metal-free alkene oxy- and amino-perfluoroalkylations via carbocation formation by using perfluoro acid anhydrides: unique reactivity between styrenes and perfluoro diacyl peroxides. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7115-7121. [PMID: 30310632 PMCID: PMC6137437 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical metal-free perfluoroalkylation using acid anhydrides with unique reaction mode via carbocation has been developed.
We present a strategy for metal-free, alkene difunctionalization-type, oxy- and amino-perfluoroalkylations, using perfluoro acid anhydrides as practical and user-friendly perfluoroalkyl sources. This method provides efficient access to oxy-perfluoroalkylation products via carbocation formation due to the unique reactivity between styrenes and bis(perfluoroacyl) peroxides generated in situ from perfluoro acid anhydrides. This reaction is also applicable to metal-free intramolecular amino-perfluoroalkylation of styrenes bearing a pendant amino group. Synthetic utility of the oxy-trifluoromethylation products was confirmed by demonstrating derivatization via hydrolysis, elimination, and acid-catalyzed substitution with carbon nucleophiles. The mechanism of the carbocation formation was investigated experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Valverde
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Shintaro Kawamura
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Sekine
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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25
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Cheng Y, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Transition Metal-Free 1,2-Carboboration of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6221-6225. [PMID: 29741375 PMCID: PMC6014685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for transition metal-free 1,2-carboboration of unactivated alkenes with bis(catecholato)diboron as the boron source in combination with alkyl halides as the alkyl component is introduced. The three-component reaction proceeds via a radical pathway on a broad range of unactivated alkenes, and the 1,2-carboboration products serve as valuable synthetic building blocks. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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26
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Li YX, Wang QQ, Yang L. Metal-free decarbonylative alkylation-aminoxidation of styrene derivatives with aliphatic aldehydes and N-hydroxyphthalimide. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:1338-1342. [PMID: 28111684 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A convenient metal-free decarbonylative alkylation-aminoxidation of styrene derivatives with aliphatic aldehydes and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) to yield phthalimide protected alkoxyamines is developed. With DTBP as an oxidant and radical-initiator, this reaction smoothly converts aliphatic aldehydes into alkyl radicals and subsequently allows the cascade construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-O bonds via radical-radical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory for Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, PR China.
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Luo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, PR China. and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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27
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Liebing P, Oehler F, Wagner M, Tripet PF, Togni A. Perfluoroalkyl Cobaloximes: Preparation Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents, Molecular Structures, Thermal and Photochemical Reactivity. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Liebing
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Oehler
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mona Wagner
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal F. Tripet
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Tu HY, Zhu S, Qing FL, Chu L. A four-component radical cascade trifluoromethylation reaction of alkenes enabled by an electron-donor–acceptor complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12710-12713. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A four-component radical cascade trifluoromethylation of alkenes, enabled by an electron-donor–acceptor complex between Togni's reagent and Hantzsch ester, has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yong Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- Donghua University
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- Donghua University
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- Donghua University
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials
- Donghua University
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29
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Kawamura S, Sekine D, Sodeoka M. Synthesis of CF3-containing oxazolines via trifluoromethylation of allylamides with Togni reagent in the presence of alkali metal iodides. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Abstract
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The chemistry of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds
has gained great interest over the past 30 years. Hypervalent iodine(III)
compounds show valuable ionic reactivity due to their high electrophilicity
but also express radical reactivity as single electron oxidants for
carbon and heteroatom radical generation. Looking at ionic chemistry,
these iodine(III) reagents can act as electrophiles to efficiently
construct C–CF3, X–CF3 (X = heteroatom),
C–Rf (Rf = perfluoroalkyl), X–Rf, C–N3, C–CN, S–CN, and C–X
bonds. In some cases, a Lewis or a Bronsted acid is necessary to increase
their electrophilicity. In these transformations, the iodine(III)
compounds react as formal “CF3+”,
“Rf+”, “N3+”, “Ar+”, “CN+”, and “X+” equivalents. On the other
hand, one electron reduction of the I(III) reagents opens the door
to the radical world, which is the topic of this Account that focuses
on radical reactivity of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds such as
the Togni reagent, Zhdankin reagent, diaryliodonium salts, aryliodonium
ylides, aryl(cyano)iodonium triflates, and aryl(perfluoroalkyl)iodonium
triflates. Radical generation starting with I(III) reagents can also
occur via thermal or light mediated homolysis of the weak hypervalent
bond in such reagents. This reactivity can be used for alkane C–H
functionalization. We will address important pioneering work in the
area but will mainly focus on studies that have been conducted by
our group over the last 5 years. We entered the field by investigating
transition metal free single electron reduction of Togni type reagents
using the readily available sodium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
salt (TEMPONa) as an organic one electron reductant for clean generation
of the trifluoromethyl radical and perfluoroalkyl radicals. That valuable
approach was later successfully also applied to the generation of
azidyl and aryl radicals starting with the corresponding benziodoxole
(Zhdankin reagent) and iodonium salts. In the presence of alkenes
as radical acceptors, vicinal trifluoromethyl-, azido-, and arylaminoxylation
products result via a sequence comprising radical addition to the
alkene and subsequent TEMPO trapping. Electron-rich arenes also react
with I(III) reagents via single electron transfer (SET) to give arene
radical cations, which can then engage in arylation reactions. We
also recognized that the isonitrile functionality in aryl isonitriles
is a highly efficient perfluoroalkyl radical acceptor, and reaction
of Rf-benziodoxoles (Togni type reagents) in the presence
of a radical initiator provides various perfluoroalkylated N-heterocycles (indoles, phenanthridines, quinolines, etc.).
We further found that aryliodonium ylides, previously used as carbene
precursors in metal-mediated cyclopropanation reactions, react via
SET reduction with TEMPONa to the corresponding aryl radicals. As
a drawback of all these transformations, we realized that only one
ligand of the iodine(III) reagent gets transferred to the substrate.
To further increase atom-economy of such conversions, we identified
cyano or perfluoroalkyl iodonium triflate salts as valuable reagents
for stereoselective vicinal alkyne difunctionalization, where two
ligands from the I(III) reagent are sequentially transferred to an
alkyne acceptor. Finally, we will discuss alkynyl-benziodoxoles
as radical acceptors for alkynylation reactions. Similar reactivity
was found for the Zhdankin reagent that has been successfully applied
to azidation of C-radicals, and also cyanation is possible with a
cyano I(III) reagent. To summarize, this Account focuses on the design,
development, mechanistic understanding, and synthetic application
of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents in radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Perfluoroalkylation of Alkenes by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2016; 22:17177-17181. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Leifert D, Studer A. Iodierte (Perfluor)alkylchinoxaline über radikalische Atom-Transfer-Additionsreaktionen mit ortho
-Diisocyanarenen als Radikalakzeptoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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33
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Leifert D, Studer A. Iodinated (Perfluoro)alkyl Quinoxalines by Atom Transfer Radical Addition Using ortho
-Diisocyanoarenes as Radical Acceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11660-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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34
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Mackay EG, Studer A. Electron-Catalyzed Fluoroalkylation of Vinyl Azides. Chemistry 2016; 22:13455-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Mackay
- Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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35
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Yoshioka E, Kohtani S, Jichu T, Fukazawa T, Nagai T, Kawashima A, Takemoto Y, Miyabe H. Aqueous-Medium Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Radical Reactions Catalyzed by Excited Rhodamine B as a Metal-Free Organic Dye under Visible Light Irradiation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7217-29. [PMID: 27314306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The utility of rhodamine B as a water-soluble organic photocatalyst was studied in the cascade radical addition-cyclization-trapping reactions under visible light irradiation. In the presence of (i-Pr)2NEt, the electron transfer from the excited rhodamine B to perfluoroalkyl iodides proceeded smoothly to promote the carbon-carbon bond-forming radical reactions in aqueous media. When i-C3F7I was employed as a radical precursor, the aqueous-medium radical reactions proceeded even in the absence of (i-Pr)2NEt. In these reactions, the direct electron transfer from the excited singlet state of rhodamine B would take place. Furthermore, the cleavage of the C-I bond in less reactive i-PrI could be achieved by the reductive electron transfer from the excited rhodamine B, which was confirmed by the fluorescence quenching of rhodamine B with the addition of i-PrI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eito Yoshioka
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohtani
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Takahisa Jichu
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukazawa
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Toyokazu Nagai
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Kawashima
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyabe
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences , Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
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36
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Shi E, Liu J, Liu C, Shao Y, Wang H, Lv Y, Ji M, Bao X, Wan X. Difunctionalization of Styrenes with Perfluoroalkyl and tert-Butylperoxy Radicals: Room Temperature Synthesis of (1-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-perfluoroalkyl)-ethylbenzene. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5878-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erbo Shi
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying Shao
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced
Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Hanghang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Lv
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Meishan Ji
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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37
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Hartmann M, Li Y, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Generation of Aryl Radicals through Reduction of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Compounds with TEMPONa: Radical Alkene Oxyarylation. Chemistry 2016; 22:3485-3490. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hartmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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38
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Li B, Fan D, Yang C, Xia W. UV light-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes with CF3SO2Na: synthesis of trifluoromethyl phenanthrene and anthrone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5293-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free and cost-effective protocol for UV light-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes with CF3SO2Na was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Dan Fan
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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