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Kushawaha AK, Jaiswal AK, Gupta J, Katiyar S, Ansari A, Bhatt H, Sharma SK, Choudhury AD, Bhatta RS, Singh BN, Sashidhara KV. Antitubercular evaluation of dihydropyridine-triazole conjugates: design, synthesis, in vitro screening, SAR and in silico ADME predictions. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2867-2881. [PMID: 39149103 PMCID: PMC11324066 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00377b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of click chemistry for the development of novel anti-tuberculosis agents. A targeted library of 1,4-dihydropyridine-1,2,3-triazole conjugates was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA). Among the synthesized derivatives, compounds J10, J11, J14, J22 and J23 demonstrated significant antimycobacterial activity. These compounds exhibited low MIC values ranging from 6.24 to 6.64 μg mL-1, highlighting their promising potential as lead compounds for further developing novel tuberculosis therapeutics. In addition to the promising in vitro activity, structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that electron-withdrawing groups on the aryl-substituted ring of the dihydropyridines (J10-J24), a triazole with an unsubstituted aryl ring or with electron-donating groups (methyl or methoxy), and a geminal dimethyl group are essential structural features for the observed antitubercular activity. Furthermore, in silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) parameters and pharmacokinetic studies supported the potential of these conjugates for oral bioavailability. These findings collectively highlight the 1,4-dihydropyridine-1,2,3-triazole scaffold as a promising platform for developing novel orally active anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kishor Kushawaha
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Arvind Kumar Jaiswal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Jay Gupta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Sarita Katiyar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 U.P India
| | - Alisha Ansari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 U.P India
| | - Hemlata Bhatt
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 U.P India
| | - Sandeep K Sharma
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology (MMI) Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Abhijit Deb Choudhury
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 U.P India
| | - Bhupendra N Singh
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology (MMI) Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 U.P India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 U.P India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 U.P India
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Centanni A, Diotallevi A, Buffi G, Olivieri D, Santarém N, Lehtinen A, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Kiuru P, Lucarini S, Galluzzi L. Exploring hydrophilic 2,2-di(indol-3-yl)ethanamine derivatives against Leishmania infantum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301901. [PMID: 38870204 PMCID: PMC11175440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the design and the synthesis of a library of new and more hydrophilic bisindole analogues based on our previously identified antileishmanial compound URB1483 that failed the preliminary in vivo test. The novel bisindoles were phenotypically screened for efficacy against Leishmania infantum promastigotes and simultaneously for toxicity on human macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Among the less toxic compounds, eight bisindoles showed IC50 below 10 μM. The most selective compound 1h (selectivity index = 10.1, comparable to miltefosine) and the most potent compound 2c (IC50 = 2.7 μM) were tested for their efficacy on L. infantum intracellular amastigotes. The compounds also demonstrated their efficacy in the in vitro infection model, showing IC50 of 11.1 and 6.8 μM for 1h and 2c, respectively. Moreover, 1h showed a better toxicity profile than the commercial drug miltefosine. For all these reasons, 1h could be a possible new starting point for hydrophilic antileishmanial agents with low cytotoxicity on human macrophage-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Centanni
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aurora Diotallevi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Gloria Buffi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Diego Olivieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Antti Lehtinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Kiuru
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
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Sheikh SY, Hassan F, Shukla D, Bala S, Faruqui T, Akhter Y, Khan AR, Nasibullah M. A review on potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Parasitol Int 2024; 100:102863. [PMID: 38272301 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for the occurrence of leishmaniasis, a disease that is prevalent in tropical regions. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar in Asian countries, is one of the most significant forms of VL, along with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML). Management of this condition typically entails the use of chemotherapy as the sole therapeutic option. The current treatments for leishmaniasis present several drawbacks, including a multitude of side effects, prolonged treatment duration, disparate efficacy across different regions, and the emergence of resistance. To address this urgent need, it is imperative to identify alternative treatments that are both safer and more effective. The identification of appropriate pharmacological targets in conjunction with biological pathways constitutes the initial stage of drug discovery. In this review, we have addressed the key metabolic pathways that represent potential pharmacological targets as well as prominent treatment options for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Yasmeen Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Firoj Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Deepanjali Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Shashi Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Tabrez Faruqui
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Abdul Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Malik Nasibullah
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi road, Lucknow 226026, India.
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Bava R, Castagna F, Lupia C, Poerio G, Liguori G, Lombardi R, Naturale MD, Bulotta RM, Biondi V, Passantino A, Britti D, Statti G, Palma E. Hive Products: Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:646. [PMID: 38794216 PMCID: PMC11124102 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Beekeeping provides products with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical characteristics. These products are characterized by abundance of bioactive compounds. For different reasons, honey, royal jelly, propolis, venom, and pollen are beneficial to humans and animals and could be used as therapeutics. The pharmacological action of these products is related to many of their constituents. The main bioactive components of honey include oligosaccharides, methylglyoxal, royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and phenolics compounds. Royal jelly contains jelleins, royalisin peptides, MRJPs, and derivatives of hydroxy-decenoic acid, particularly 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, metabolic syndrome-preventing, and anti-aging properties. Propolis has a plethora of activities that are referable to compounds such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Peptides found in bee venom include phospholipase A2, apamin, and melittin. In addition to being vitamin-rich, bee pollen also includes unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and phenolics compounds that express antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the constituents of hive products are particular and different. All of these constituents have been investigated for their properties in numerous research studies. This review aims to provide a thorough screening of the bioactive chemicals found in honeybee products and their beneficial biological effects. The manuscript may provide impetus to the branch of unconventional medicine that goes by the name of apitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giusi Poerio
- ATS Val Padana, Via dei Toscani, 46100 Mantova, Italy;
| | | | - Renato Lombardi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Maria Diana Naturale
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General for Health Programming, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Center for Pharmacological Research, Food Safety, High Tech and Health (IRC-FSH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Islam A, do Prado BR, Dittz D, Rodrigues BL, Silva SMD, do Monte-Neto RL, Shabeer M, Frézard F, Demicheli C. Susceptibility of Leishmania to novel pentavalent organometallics: Investigating impact on DNA and membrane integrity in antimony(III)-sensitive and -resistant strains. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22194. [PMID: 38704828 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim the present study was to investigate the impact of novel pentavalent organobismuth and organoantimony complexes on membrane integrity and their interaction with DNA, activity against Sb(III)-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania strains and toxicity in mammalian peritoneal macrophages. Ph3M(L)2 type complexes were synthesized, where M = Sb(V) or Bi(V) and L = deprotonated 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid or 2-acetylbenzoic acid. Both organobismuth(V) and organoantimony(V) complexes exhibited efficacy at micromolar concentrations against Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum but only the later ones demonstrated biocompatibility. Ph3Sb(L1)2 and Ph3Bi(L1)2 demonstrated distinct susceptibility profiles compared to inorganic Sb(III)-resistant strains of MRPA-overexpressing L. amazonensis and AQP1-mutated L. guyanensis. These complexes were able to permeate the cell membrane and interact with the Leishmania DNA, suggesting that this effect may contribute to the parasite growth inhibition via apoptosis. Taken altogether, our data substantiate the notion of a distinct mechanism of uptake pathway and action in Leishmania for these organometallic complexes, distinguishing them from the conventional inorganic antimonial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Islam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Postgraduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Government Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bruno Rodrigues do Prado
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dalton Dittz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Av. Universitária, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lages Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sydnei Magno da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av Amazonas, s/n, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Muhammad Shabeer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Postgraduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Demicheli
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Guhe V, Singh S. Targeting peptide based therapeutics: Integrated computational and experimental studies of autophagic regulation in host-parasite interaction. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300679. [PMID: 38317307 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by the intracellular parasite Leishmania major, exhibits significant public health challenge worldwide. With limited treatment options available, the identification of novel therapeutic targets is of paramount importance. Present study manifested the crucial role of ATG8 protein as a potential target in combating L. major infection. Using machine learning algorithms, we identified non-conserved motifs within the ATG8 in L. major. Subsequently, a peptide library was generated based on these motifs, and three peptides were selected for further investigation through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments confirmed the direct interaction between ATG8 and the identified peptides. Remarkably, these peptides demonstrated the ability to cross the parasite membrane and exert profound effects on L. major. Peptide treatment significantly impacted parasite survival, inducing alterations in the cell cycle and morphology. Furthermore, the peptides were found to modulate autophagosome formation, particularly under starved conditions, indicating their involvement in autophagy regulation within L. major. In vitro studies revealed that the selected peptides effectively decreased the parasite load within the infected host cells. Encouragingly, in vivo experiments corroborated these findings, demonstrating a reduction in parasite burden upon peptide administration. Additionally, the peptides were observed to affect the levels of LC3II, a known autophagy marker within the host cells. Collectively, our findings highlight the efficacy of these novel peptides in targeting L. major ATG8 and disrupting parasite survival, wherein P2 is showing prominent effect on L. major as compared to P1. These results provide valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Guhe
- Systems Medicine Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India Phone
| | - Shailza Singh
- Systems Medicine Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India Phone
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Novitasari A, Rohmawaty E, Rosdianto AM. Physalis angulata Linn. as a medicinal plant (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:47. [PMID: 38357237 PMCID: PMC10865294 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There are numerous medicinal benefits from herbal plants, with many herbal medicines being used as 'Jamu', 'standardized herbal medicines' and phytopharmaceuticals. Physalis angulata Linn. (P. angulata L.), a plant utilized for both medicinal and food consumption purposes in a number of tropical and subtropical nations, is widely studied for its beneficial properties. The present review summarized the scientific evidence which suggested that P. angulata L. possesses antibacterial, anticancer, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antidiabetic properties. Furthermore, the various pharmacological studies that have been conducted utilizing in vivo and in vitro models, as well as the identification of phytochemical components with therapeutic value are described. In addition, the present review explained the solvents and the toxicity tests that were used for the investigation of P. angulata L. The authors aspire that this literature review will provide an overview for researchers regarding the scientific progress of P. angulata L. over the past ten years and the potential areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariyani Novitasari
- Magister Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Enny Rohmawaty
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Aziiz M Rosdianto
- Veterinary Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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Sozanschi A, Asiki H, Amaral M, de Castro Levatti EV, Tempone AG, Wheeler RJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis and Evaluation of (Bis)benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids as Antiparasitic Agents. JACS AU 2024; 4:847-854. [PMID: 38425909 PMCID: PMC10900488 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that severely impact the developing world. With current therapies suffering from poor efficacy and safety profiles as well as emerging resistance, new drug leads are direly needed. In this work, 26 alkaloids (9 natural and 17 synthetic) belonging to the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline (BI) family were evaluated against both the pro/trypomastigote and amastigote forms of the parasites Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agents of these diseases. These alkaloids were synthesized via an efficient and modular enantioselective approach based on Bischler-Napieralski cyclization/Noyori asymmetric transfer hydrogenation to build the tetrahydroisoquinoline core. The bis-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline (BBI) alkaloids were prepared using an Ullmann coupling of two BI units to form the biaryl ether linkage, which enabled a comprehensive survey of the influence of BI stereochemistry on bioactivity. Preliminary studies into the mechanism of action against Leishmania mexicana demonstrate that these compounds interfere with the cell cycle, potentially through inhibition of kinetoplast division, which may offer opportunities to identify a new target/mechanism of action. Three of the synthesized alkaloids showed promising druglike potential, meeting the Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi) criteria for a hit against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sozanschi
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Hannah Asiki
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Peter
Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford , OX1 3SY, U.K.
| | - Maiara Amaral
- Laboratory
of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto
de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andre G. Tempone
- Laboratory
of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard J. Wheeler
- Peter
Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford , OX1 3SY, U.K.
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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Berhe H, Kumar Cinthakunta Sridhar M, Zerihun M, Qvit N. The Potential Use of Peptides in the Fight against Chagas Disease and Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:227. [PMID: 38399281 PMCID: PMC10892537 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are both neglected tropical diseases that affect millions of people around the world. Leishmaniasis is currently the second most widespread vector-borne parasitic disease after malaria. The World Health Organization records approximately 0.7-1 million newly diagnosed leishmaniasis cases each year, resulting in approximately 20,000-30,000 deaths. Also, 25 million people worldwide are at risk of Chagas disease and an estimated 6 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine are currently used to treat leishmaniasis. Also, nifurtimox and benznidazole are two drugs currently used to treat Chagas disease. These drugs are associated with toxicity problems such as nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, in addition to resistance problems. As a result, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents has emerged as a top priority and a promising alternative. Overall, there is a need for new and effective treatments for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, as the current drugs have significant limitations. Peptide-based drugs are attractive due to their high selectiveness, effectiveness, low toxicity, and ease of production. This paper reviews the potential use of peptides in the treatment of Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Several studies have demonstrated that peptides are effective against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, suggesting their use in drug therapy for these diseases. Overall, peptides have the potential to be effective therapeutic agents against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, but more research is needed to fully investigate their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.B.); (M.K.C.S.); (M.Z.)
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Dourado D, Silva Medeiros T, do Nascimento Alencar É, Matos Sales E, Formiga FR. Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:37-50. [PMID: 38213574 PMCID: PMC10777206 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that has affected more than 350 million people worldwide and can manifest itself in three different forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral. Furthermore, the current treatment options have drawbacks which compromise efficacy and patient compliance. To face this global health concern, new alternatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis have been explored. Curcumin, a polyphenol obtained from the rhizome of turmeric, exhibits leishmanicidal activity against different species of Leishmania spp. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated, its leishmanicidal potential may be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it has limitations that compromise its clinical use. Conversely, nanotechnology has been used as a tool for solving biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs, such as curcumin. From a drug delivery standpoint, nanocarriers (1-1000 nm) can improve stability, increase solubility, promote intracellular delivery, and increase biological activity. Thus, this review offers a deep look into curcumin-loaded nanocarriers intended for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dourado
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thayse Silva Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59010180, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Éverton do Nascimento Alencar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Rocha Formiga
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Pernambuco (UPE), 50100-130, Recife, PE, Brazil
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11
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Ribeiro R, Costa L, Pinto E, Sousa E, Fernandes C. Therapeutic Potential of Marine-Derived Cyclic Peptides as Antiparasitic Agents. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:609. [PMID: 38132930 PMCID: PMC10745025 DOI: 10.3390/md21120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases still compromise human health. Some of the currently available therapeutic drugs have limitations considering their adverse effects, questionable efficacy, and long treatment, which have encouraged drug resistance. There is an urgent need to find new, safe, effective, and affordable antiparasitic drugs. Marine-derived cyclic peptides have been increasingly screened as candidates for developing new drugs. Therefore, in this review, a systematic analysis of the scientific literature was performed and 25 marine-derived cyclic peptides with antiparasitic activity (1-25) were found. Antimalarial activity is the most reported (51%), followed by antileishmanial (27%) and antitrypanosomal (20%) activities. Some compounds showed promising antiparasitic activity at the nM scale, being active against various parasites. The mechanisms of action and targets for some of the compounds have been investigated, revealing different strategies against parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Lia Costa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
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12
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Azad SA, Bera A, Samanta J, Sepay N, Jana R, Pal CK, Molla MR, Maiti D, Samanta S. Urea-Promoted Neat Synthesis of Fused Dihydroisoquinolines and Disubstituted Pyridines: A Mechanistic Observation with Molecular-Sensing Studies. Chemistry 2023:e202303287. [PMID: 37997510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and short synthesis of fused dihydroisoquinolines, diaryl substituted pyridine derivatives in good to high yields has been established by using an environmentally safe, solvent-metal-oxidant-free tandem approach. In this article, we discuss how the electrocyclic reaction is more pronounced in the solid phase in the presence of urea, whereas the typical aza-Michael addition is more prominent in presence of arylamine in the solution phase for 3-(2-formylcycloalkenyl)acrylic ester derivative substrates. The wide range of substrates and urea-promoted neat synthesis made our approach more significant in medical and also analytical science. Moreover, an isoquinoline alkaloid decumbenine B analogue has been synthesized by using our newly developed neat methodology. We have also investigated the photophysical properties of the synthesized fused dihydroisoquinoline derivatives. One of the synthesized molecules was used as a sensor for the selective detection of toxic picric acid. Therefore, the effective neat synthesis and molecular sensing applications of these compounds made our approach more exciting in the field of heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Abulkalam Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhannagar College, Salt Lake, Sector - I, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Anirban Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhannagar College, Salt Lake, Sector - I, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Jayanta Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, 700 017, India
| | - Rathin Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Matangini Hazra Govt. General Degree College for Women, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhannagar College, Salt Lake, Sector - I, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Shubhankar Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhannagar College, Salt Lake, Sector - I, Kolkata, 700064, India
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13
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Bora K, Sarma M, Kanaujia SP, Dubey VK. Dual-target drugs against Leishmania donovani for potential novel therapeutics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18363. [PMID: 37884555 PMCID: PMC10603092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant defense mechanisms are important for a parasite to overcome oxidative stress and survive within host macrophage cells. Mitochondrial iron superoxide dismutase A (FeSODA) and trypanothione reductase (TR) are critical enzymes in the antioxidant defense mechanism of Leishmania donovani. FeSODA is responsible for neutralizing reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, while TR is responsible for reducing trypanothione, the molecules that help the parasite fight oxidative stress in Leishmania. In this study, we used multitarget ligands to inhibit both the FeSODA and TR enzymes. We combined structure-based drug design using virtual screening approach to find inhibitors against both the targets. The ZINC15 database of biogenic compounds was utilized to extract drugs-like molecules against leishmaniasis. The compounds were screened by standard precision (SP) and extra precision (XP) docking methods. Two compounds, ZINC000008876351 and ZINC000253403245, were selected based on molecular docking based on the binding affinity for both the targets. The screened molecules ZINC000008876351 and ZINC000253403245 showed strong hydrogen bonding with the target proteins according to the Molecular mechanics with generalised Born and surface area solvation (MM-GBSA) techniques. These two compounds were also experimentally investigated on promastigotes stage of L. donovani. Under in vitro condition, the compounds show inhibitory effects on L. donovani promastigotes with IC50 values of 24.82 ± 0.61 µM for ZINC000008876351 and 7.52 ± 0.17 µM for ZINC000253403245. Thus, the screened compounds seem to have good potential as therapeutic candidates for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Bora
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Manash Sarma
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Kanaujia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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14
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Ranjan P, Dubey VK. Novel chemical scaffold as potential drug against Leishmania donovani: Integrated computational and experimental approaches. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1404-1422. [PMID: 37566640 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have screened a large number of Food and Drug Administration-approved compounds for novel anti-leishmanial molecules targeting the citrate synthase enzyme of the parasite. Based on their docking and molecular dynamic simulation statistics, five compounds were selected. These compounds followed Lipinski's rule of five. Additionally, in vitro, antileishmanial and cytotoxicity studies were performed. The three compounds, Abemaciclib, Bazedoxifene, and Vorapaxar, had shown effective anti-leishmanial activities with IC50 values of 0.92 ± 0.02, 0.65 ± 0.09, and 6.1 ± 0.91 against Leishmania donovani promastigote and with EC50 values of 1.52 ± 0.37, 2.11 ± 0.38, 10.4 ± 1.27 against intramacrophagic amastigote without significantly harming macrophage cells. Among them, from in silico and antileishmanial activities studies, Abemaciclib had been selected based on their less binding energy, good antileishmanial activities, and also a significant difference in their binding energy with human citrate synthase for cell death mechanistic studies using flow cytometry and a DNA fragmentation assay. The action of this compound resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species production, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, and an increase in the sub-G1 cell population. These properties are the hallmarks of apoptosis which were further confirmed by apoptotic assay. Based on the above result, this anticancer compound Abemaciclib could be employed as a potential treatment option for leishmaniasis after further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Singh R, Kashif M, Srivastava P, Manna PP. Recent Advances in Chemotherapeutics for Leishmaniasis: Importance of the Cellular Biochemistry of the Parasite and Its Molecular Interaction with the Host. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050706. [PMID: 37242374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a category 1 neglected protozoan disease caused by a kinetoplastid pathogen called Leishmania, is transmitted through dipteran insect vectors (phlebotomine, sand flies) in three main clinical forms: fatal visceral leishmaniasis, self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Generic pentavalent antimonials have long been the drug of choice against leishmaniasis; however, their success is plagued with limitations such as drug resistance and severe side effects, which makes them redundant as frontline therapy for endemic visceral leishmaniasis. Alternative therapeutic regimens based on amphotericin B, miltefosine, and paromomycin have also been approved. Due to the unavailability of human vaccines, first-line chemotherapies such as pentavalent antimonials, pentamidine, and amphotericin B are the only options to treat infected individuals. The higher toxicity, adverse effects, and perceived cost of these pharmaceutics, coupled with the emergence of parasite resistance and disease relapse, makes it urgent to identify new, rationalized drug targets for the improvement in disease management and palliative care for patients. This has become an emergent need and more relevant due to the lack of information on validated molecular resistance markers for the monitoring and surveillance of changes in drug sensitivity and resistance. The present study reviewed the recent advances in chemotherapeutic regimens by targeting novel drugs using several strategies including bioinformatics to gain new insight into leishmaniasis. Leishmania has unique enzymes and biochemical pathways that are distinct from those of its mammalian hosts. In light of the limited number of available antileishmanial drugs, the identification of novel drug targets and studying the molecular and cellular aspects of these drugs in the parasite and its host is critical to design specific inhibitors targeting and controlling the parasite. The biochemical characterization of unique Leishmania-specific enzymes can be used as tools to read through possible drug targets. In this review, we discuss relevant metabolic pathways and novel drugs that are unique, essential, and linked to the survival of the parasite based on bioinformatics and cellular and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prateek Srivastava
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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16
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O’Boyle NM, Helesbeux JJ, Meegan MJ, Sasse A, O’Shaughnessy E, Qaisar A, Clancy A, McCarthy F, Marchand P. 30th Annual GP 2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:432. [PMID: 36986531 PMCID: PMC10056312 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Academia (GP2A) held their 30th annual conference in August 2022 in Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. There were 9 keynote presentations, 10 early career researcher presentations and 41 poster presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Astrid Sasse
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth O’Shaughnessy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alina Qaisar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Clancy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florence McCarthy
- School of Chemistry and ABCRF, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
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17
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Johri S, Kumar BK, Dey S, Balana-Fouce R, Gowri Chandra Sekhar KV, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. Inspection of in-house designed novel thiochromone amino-acid conjugate derivatives as Lm-NMT inhibitor - An in-silico analysis. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 119:108397. [PMID: 36542915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex neglected tropical disease caused by various leishmanial parasites that primarily affect the world's poorest people. A limited number of standard medications are available for this disease that has been used for several decades, which have drawbacks such as resistance, higher cost, and patient compliance, making it difficult to reach the poor. The search for novel chemical entities to treat leishmaniasis has led to target-based scaffold research. Thiochromone moieties in conjugation with aromatic amino acids have been considered for the study, along with possible substitutions of the electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups. N-myristoyl transferase (NMT) has been selected as the molecular target for the study responsible for protein-protein interaction and ribosylation of proteins necessary for the growth inside the human body of the parasite. The designed novel thiochromone analogs were docked against the selected leishmanial NMT using thein-silico methods, physicochemical and toxicity properties were predicted, and Structure-Activity Relationship was also established in-silico. Finally, a molecular dynamics simulation study for 100 ns gave an idea about the stability of the protein-ligand complex. A time frame analysis of each 10 ns confirmation was also studied to understand better the putative binding pattern designed analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Johri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanchita Dey
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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Ranjan P, Dubey VK. Krebs cycle enzymes for targeted therapeutics and immunotherapy for anti-leishmanial drug development using: Pathways, potential targets, and future perspectives. Life Sci 2022; 322:121314. [PMID: 36566880 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic and neglected tropical disease which majorly impacts poor and developing nations. One of the significant factors that impacts the severity of the pathological condition includes the socioeconomic background of the affected region. The rise of drug-resistant Leishmania is a serious concern for the effectiveness of the present treatment. As a result, the drug options need to be relooked immediately. Leishmania employs Krebs cycle intermediates for its needs after infection for establishing various defense mechanisms to escape the host immune responses. Nevertheless, a variety of immunological reactions are also seen during infection, which clear the parasites. One of the more promising strategies in this regard would involve combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The targeted treatments work by obstructing vital pathways that are required for Leishmania to grow and survive. The mechanism of action of immunotherapy is the control of the host immune response, which entails the blockage of molecular pathways essential for the growth and maintenance of the parasite. The Krebs cycle intermediates have important biochemical roles. Additionally, in macrophages and dendritic cells, they play roles as signalling molecules for controlling inflammatory responses. The review brings together the available literature about the importance of Krebs cycle metabolites as potential treatment targets for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
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19
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Pinheiro AC, de Souza MVN. Current leishmaniasis drug discovery. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1029-1043. [PMID: 36324493 PMCID: PMC9491386 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex protozoan infectious disease and, associated with malnutrition, poor health services and unavailability of prophylactic control measures, neglected populations are particularly affected. Current drug regimens are outdated and associated with some drawbacks, such as cytotoxicity and resistance, and the development of novel, efficacious and less toxic drug regimens is urgently required. In addition, leishmanial pathogenesis is not well established or understood, and a prophylactic vaccine is an unfulfilled goal. Human kinetoplastid protozoan infections, including leishmaniasis, have been neglected for many years, and in an attempt to overcome this situation, some new drug targets were recently identified, enabling the development of new drugs and vaccines. Compounds from new drug classes have also shown excellent antileishmanial activities, some of the most promising ones included in clinical trials, and could be a hope to control the disease burden of this endemic disease in the near future. In this review, we discuss the limitations of current control methods, explore the wide range of compounds that are being screened and identified as antileishmanial drug prototypes, summarize the advances in identifying new drug targets aiming at innovative treatments and explore the state-of-art vaccine development field, including immunomodulation strategies.
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20
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Synthesis, Leishmanicidal, Trypanocidal, Antiproliferative Assay and Apoptotic Induction of (2-Phenoxypyridin-3-yl)naphthalene-1(2 H)-one Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175626. [PMID: 36080388 PMCID: PMC9457600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and neoplasia in endemic areas has been extensively documented. The use of common drugs in the treatment of these pathologies invites us to search for new molecules with these characteristics. In this research, we report 16 synthetic chalcone derivatives that were investigated for leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities as well as for antiproliferative potential on eight human cancers and two nontumor cell lines. The final compounds 8−23 were obtained using the classical base-catalyzed Claisen−Schmidt condensation. The most potent compounds as parasiticidal were found to be 22 and 23, while compounds 18 and 22 showed the best antiproliferative activity and therapeutic index against CCRF-CEM, K562, A549, and U2OS cancer cell lines and non-toxic VERO, BMDM, MRC-5, and BJ cells. In the case of K562 and the corresponding drug-resistant K562-TAX cell lines, the antiproliferative activity has shown a more significant difference for compound 19 having 10.3 times higher activity against the K562-TAX than K562 cell line. Flow cytometry analysis using K562 and A549 cell lines cultured with compounds 18 and 22 confirmed the induction of apoptosis in treated cells after 24 h. Based on the structural analysis, these chalcones represent new compounds potentially useful for Leishmania, Trypanosoma cruzi, and some cancer treatments.
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21
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Verboni M, Olivieri D, Lucarini S. A recent update on new synthetic chiral compounds with antileishmanial activity. Chirality 2022; 34:1279-1297. [PMID: 35947400 PMCID: PMC9543214 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases, including malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, affect billions of people and are responsible for almost 500,000 deaths/year. In particular, leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, is considered a global public health problem because current drugs have several drawbacks including to toxicity, high cost, and drug resistance, which result in a lack of effective and readily available therapies. Therefore, the synthesis of new, safe, and effective molecules still requires the attention of the scientific community. Moreover, it is well known that chirality plays a crucial role in the antiparasitic activity of molecules, driving the design of their synthesis. Therefore, in this review we report a recent update on new chiral compounds with promising antileishmanial activity, focusing on synthetic approaches. Where reported, in most cases the enantiopure compound has shown better potency against the protozoa than its enantiomer or corresponding racemic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Verboni
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Diego Olivieri
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Becerra D, Abonia R, Castillo JC. Recent Applications of the Multicomponent Synthesis for Bioactive Pyrazole Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:4723. [PMID: 35897899 PMCID: PMC9331265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole and its derivatives are considered a privileged N-heterocycle with immense therapeutic potential. Over the last few decades, the pot, atom, and step economy (PASE) synthesis of pyrazole derivatives by multicomponent reactions (MCRs) has gained increasing popularity in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. The present review summarizes the recent developments of multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of biologically active molecules containing the pyrazole moiety. Particularly, it covers the articles published from 2015 to date related to antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antimalarial, and miscellaneous activities of pyrazole derivatives obtained exclusively via an MCR. The reported analytical and activity data, plausible synthetic mechanisms, and molecular docking simulations are organized in concise tables, schemes, and figures to facilitate comparison and underscore the key points of this review. We hope that this review will be helpful in the quest for developing more biologically active molecules and marketed drugs containing the pyrazole moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Becerra
- Escuela de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte, Tunja 150003, Colombia;
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali 76001, Colombia;
| | - Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Escuela de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte, Tunja 150003, Colombia;
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23
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Structure modifications of 2-phenylquinoline by Aspergillus genera produce novel derivatives with potent leishmanicidal and anti-inflammatory properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Rezaei AR, Saberi S, Sepehri S. Synthesis, Antileishmanial Activity and Molecular Docking Study of a Series of Dihydropyridine Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2092877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Reza Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberi
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Saghi Sepehri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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25
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Prasanna P, Joshi T, Pant M, Pundir H, Chandra S. Evaluation of the inhibitory potential of Valproic acid against histone deacetylase of Leishmania donovani and computational studies of Valproic acid derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35706132 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2087103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VA) is a proven inhibitor of human histone deacetylases (HDACs). The homogenous HDAC has been associated with all major human parasitic pathogens and hence, it has been considered an attractive drug target for anti-leishmanial therapy. To assist in drug design endeavors for HDACs, an in-vitro study has been presented to investigate the VA inhibition on Leishmania donovani HDAC (LdHDAC). The regression analysis of VA by 24 hrs viability assay confirmed its activity against LdHDAC. Moreover, the toxicity of VA is also well documented. Thus, the in-silico experiments were also conducted to screen the non-toxic VA derivatives as anti-leishmanial drug candidates having potential as inhibitors of LdHDAC. For in-silico study, the 3D structure of target LdHDAC was developed by homology modeling. Based on their in-silico activity, we shortlisted 13 VA derivatives having maximum affinity for LdHDAC and identified four potential derivatives that can specifically bind to this protein. After that, these ligands were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation. These derivatives may be effective against L. donovani promastigotes since they followed Lipinski's RO5 and were non-toxic. Thus, screened derivatives can be considered as lead ligands for targeting LdHDAC and may be used as possible drug candidates to treat leishmaniasis and overcome the limitation of anti-leishmanial drugs. This is the first report of antileishmanial potential of VA and its derivatives targeting LdHDAC. Hence, the current investigation presents a search for novel target specific drugs to aid the anti-leishmanial drug development. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Vaishali, India
| | - Tanuja Joshi
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Pant
- Department of Post-Harvest Process and Food Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hemlata Pundir
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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26
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Shah AP, Hura N, Babu NK, Roy N, Rao VK, Paul A, Roy PK, Singh S, Guchhait SK. A "Core-Linker-Polyamine (CLP)" strategy enabling rapid discovery of antileishmanial aminoalkyl-quinoline-carboxamides that target oxidative stress mechanism. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200109. [PMID: 35638162 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A "Core-Linker-Polyamine (CLP)" strategy has been exploited to develop new antileishmanial agents. It involves the linker-based assembly of alkyl-polyamine side chain as a potential pharmacophore motif with a privileged heterocyclic motif, 4-arylquinoline. A series of aminoalkyl 4-arylquinoline-2-carboxamides and their analogs were synthesized and tested against L. donovani promastigotes. Among all synthesized derivatives, 10 compounds showed significant antipromastigote activities with more efficacy (IC 50 : 4.75-8 µ M) than an antileishmanial oral drug Miltefosine (IC 50 : 8.9±1.55 µ M). Most active compounds 9a and 9b , displayed negligible cytotoxicity towards human monocytic (THP-1) macrophages. The compounds show antileishmanial activity by generating mitochondrial superoxide radicals. However, they did not show interference with trypanothione reductase, a redox enzyme of Leishmania. Significant change in the morphology of the L. donovani promastigote by the compounds was observed. The Structure-activity relationship analysis suggest the pharmacophoric importance of alkylpolyamine and carboxamide motifs. In silico evaluation indicated that the investigated active molecules 9a and 9b possess important drug-likeness, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic-relevant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana P Shah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Neha Hura
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Neerupudi Kishore Babu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Biotechnology, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Nibedita Roy
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Vajja Krishna Rao
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Anindita Paul
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Biotechnology, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Pradyot Kumar Roy
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Biotechnology, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Sushma Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Biotechnology, 160062, Mohali, INDIA
| | - Sankar Kumar Guchhait
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Phase X, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar Mohali, INDIA
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27
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Emerging impact of triazoles as anti-tubercular agent. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114454. [PMID: 35597009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, a disease of poverty is a communicable infection with a reasonably high mortality rate worldwide. 10 Million new cases of TB were reported with approx 1.4 million deaths in the year 2019. Due to the growing number of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis cases, there is a vital need to develop new and effective candidates useful to combat this deadly disease. Despite tremendous efforts to identify a mechanism-based novel antitubercular agent, only a few have entered into clinical trials in the last six decades. In recent years, triazoles have been well explored as the most valuable scaffolds in drug discovery and development. Triazole framework possesses favorable properties like hydrogen bonding, moderate dipole moment, enhanced water solubility, and also the ability to bind effectively with biomolecular targets of M. tuberculosis and therefore this scaffold displayed excellent potency against TB. This review is an endeavor to summarize an up-to-date innovation of triazole-appended hybrids during the last 10 years having potential in vitro and in vivo antitubercular activity with structure activity relationship analysis. This review may help medicinal chemists to explore the triazole scaffolds for the rational design of potent drug candidates having better efficacy, improved selectivity and minimal toxicity so that these hybrid NCEs can effectively be explored as potential lead to fight against M. tuberculosis.
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28
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Rode NR, Tantray AA, Shelar AV, Patil RH, Terdale SS. Synthesis, anti-leishmanial screening, molecular docking, and ADME study of 1-amidoalkyl 2-naphthol derivatives catalyzed by amino acid ionic liquid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Synthesis, Bio-physical and anti-Leishmanial studies of some novel indolo[3,2-a]phenanthridine derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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30
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Photodynamic Evaluation of Triazine Appended Porphyrins as Anti-Leishmanial and Anti-tumor Agents. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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31
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Ramesh D, Sarkar D, Joji A, Singh M, Mohanty AK, G Vijayakumar B, Chatterjee M, Sriram D, Muthuvel SK, Kannan T. First-in-class pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones against leishmaniasis and tuberculosis: Rationale, in vitro, ex vivo studies and mechanistic insights. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100440. [PMID: 35106845 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones were synthesized, for the first time, from indole chalcones and 6-aminouracil, and their ability to inhibit leishmaniasis and tuberculosis (Tb) infections was evaluated. The in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani revealed exceptional activities of compounds 3, 12 and 13, with IC50 values ranging from 10.23 ± 1.50 to 15.58 ± 1.67 µg/ml, which is better than the IC50 value of the standard drug pentostam of 500 μg/ml. The selectivity of the compounds towards Leishmania parasites was evaluated via ex vivo studies in Swiss albino mice. The efficiency of these compounds against Tb infection was then evaluated using the in vitro anti-Tb microplate Alamar Blue assay. Five compounds, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 12, showed MIC100 values against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv strain at 25 µg/ml, and compound 20 yielded an MIC100 value of 50 µg/ml. Molecular modelling of these compounds highlighted interactions with binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase, pteridine reductase and thymidylate kinase, thus establishing the rationale of their pharmacological activity against both pathogens, which is consistent with the in vitro results. From the above results, it is clear that compounds 3 and 12 are promising lead candidates for Leishmania and Mycobacterium infections and may be promising for coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Deblina Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Annu Joji
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Monica Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amaresh K Mohanty
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh K Muthuvel
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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32
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Khaldan A, Bouamrane S, El-mernissi R, Alaqarbeh M, Hajji H, Alsakhen N, Maghat H, Ajana MA, Sbai A, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. Computational study of quinoline-based thiadiazole compounds as potential antileishmanial inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03253h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a severe disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and it is accountable for sizable morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Khaldan
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Bouamrane
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Reda El-mernissi
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Marwa Alaqarbeh
- National Agricultural Research Center, Al-Baqa 19381, Jordan
| | - Halima Hajji
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Nada Alsakhen
- The Hashemite University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hamid Maghat
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Aziz Ajana
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahid Sbai
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Benimellal, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
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Diotallevi A, Scalvini L, Buffi G, Pérez-Pertejo Y, De Santi M, Verboni M, Favi G, Magnani M, Lodola A, Lucarini S, Galluzzi L. Phenotype Screening of an Azole-bisindole Chemical Library Identifies URB1483 as a New Antileishmanial Agent Devoid of Toxicity on Human Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35699-35710. [PMID: 34984300 PMCID: PMC8717589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of a small library of azole-bisindoles for their antileishmanial potential, in terms of efficacy on Leishmania infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Nine compounds showed good activity on L. infantum MHOM/TN/80/IPT1 promastigotes with IC50 values ranging from 4 to 10 μM. These active compounds were also tested on human (THP-1, HEPG2, HaCaT, and human primary fibroblasts) and canine (DH82) cell lines. URB1483 was selected as the best compound, with no quantifiable cytotoxicity in mammalian cells, to test the efficacy on intracellular amastigotes. URB1483 significantly reduced the infection index of both human and canine macrophages with an effect comparable to the clinically used drug pentamidine. URB1483 emerges as a new anti-infective agent with remarkable antileishmanial activity and no cytotoxic effects on human and canine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Diotallevi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Buffi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | | | - Mauro De Santi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Michele Verboni
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
- . Tel: +39 0722 303333
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
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34
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Rode N, Tantray A, Shelar A, Patil R, Terdale S. Amino acid ionic liquid-catalyzed synthesis, anti-Leishmania activity, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and ADME study of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-(thio)ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2010757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Rode
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aafaq Tantray
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh Terdale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Olías-Molero AI, de la Fuente C, Cuquerella M, Torrado JJ, Alunda JM. Antileishmanial Drug Discovery and Development: Time to Reset the Model? Microorganisms 2021; 9:2500. [PMID: 34946102 PMCID: PMC8703564 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species. The disease affects humans and animals, particularly dogs, provoking cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral processes depending on the Leishmania sp. and the host immune response. No vaccine for humans is available, and the control relies mainly on chemotherapy. However, currently used drugs are old, some are toxic, and the safer presentations are largely unaffordable by the most severely affected human populations. Moreover, its efficacy has shortcomings, and it has been challenged by the growing reports of resistance and therapeutic failure. This manuscript presents an overview of the currently used drugs, the prevailing model to develop new antileishmanial drugs and its low efficiency, and the impact of deconstruction of the drug pipeline on the high failure rate of potential drugs. To improve the predictive value of preclinical research in the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis, several proposals are presented to circumvent critical hurdles-namely, lack of common goals of collaborative research, particularly in public-private partnership; fragmented efforts; use of inadequate surrogate models, especially for in vivo trials; shortcomings of target product profile (TPP) guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Olías-Molero
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.O.-M.); (C.d.l.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Concepción de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.O.-M.); (C.d.l.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Montserrat Cuquerella
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.O.-M.); (C.d.l.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José M. Alunda
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.O.-M.); (C.d.l.F.); (M.C.)
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36
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Razzaghi-Asl N, Hashemi N. Identification of potential antileishmanial agents via structure-based molecular simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 110:108039. [PMID: 34736055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with frequent annual incidence. An important issue in chemotherapy is the emergence of resistance, toxicity and lack of cost-effectiveness within current drugs. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to design effective drugs against disease. Current contribution was devoted to the in-silico analysis of binding a few flavonoids/alkaloids to relevant leishmanial targets. Docking scores were used to prioritize acquired affinities and top ranked binders were subjected to subsequent 100-ns MD simulation in explicit water. Binding trajectories revealed the tightest interaction modes for two flavonoid molecules (acerosin and nevadensin) in the uracil DNA glycolase (UDG) active site. Acerosin showed less conformational changes whereas, nevadensin interacted stably during longer simulation time. Conserved interactions of Gln205 and His331 to acerosin indicated their dominant biological role in complex stability. No conserved residues were perceived for nevadensin interactions and a completely new and stable binding conformation could be retrieved after 12 ns simulation. Moreover; acerosin was subjected to DFT analysis for pairwise decomposition evaluations of interacted residues. Although primary mechanisms of action are yet to be discovered, UDG may be a promising target for developing antileishmanial flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Razzaghi-Asl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618953141, Iran.
| | - Niloufar Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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37
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Kumari D, Perveen S, Sharma R, Singh K. Advancement in leishmaniasis diagnosis and therapeutics: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174436. [PMID: 34428435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is regarded as a neglected tropical disease by World Health Organization (WHO) and is ranked next to malaria as the deadliest protozoan disease. The primary causative agents of the disease comprise of diverse leishmanial species sharing clinical features ranging from skin abrasions to lethal infection in the visceral organs. As several Leishmania species are involved in infection, the role of accurate diagnosis becomes pivotal in adding new dimensions to anti-leishmanial therapy. Diagnostic methods must be fast, reliable, easy to perform, highly sensitive, and specific to differentiate among similar parasitic diseases. Herein, we present the conventional and recent approaches impended for the disease diagnosis and their sensitivity, specificity, and clinical application in parasite detection. Furthermore, we have also elaborated various new methods to cure leishmaniasis, which include host-directed therapies, drug repurposing, nanotechnology, and combinational therapy. This review addresses novel techniques and innovations in leishmaniasis, which can aid in unraveling new strategies to fight against the deadly infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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38
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Almeida FS, Sousa GLS, Rocha JC, Ribeiro FF, de Oliveira MR, de Lima Grisi TCS, Araújo DAM, de C Nobre MS, Castro RN, Amaral IPG, Keesen TSL, de Moura RO. In vitro anti-Leishmania activity and molecular docking of spiro-acridine compounds as potential multitarget agents against Leishmania infantum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128289. [PMID: 34311084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease with several limitations regarding treatment schemes. This work reports the anti-Leishmania activity of spiroacridine compounds against the promastigote (IC50 = 1.1 to 6.0 µg / mL) and amastigote forms of the best compounds (EC50 = 4.9 and 0.9 µg / mL) inLeishmania (L.) infantumand proposes an in-silico study with possible selective therapeutic targets for L. infantum. The substituted dimethyl-amine compound (AMTAC 11) showed the best leishmanicidal activity in vitro, and was found to interact with TryRandLdTopoI. comparisons with standard inhibitors were performed, and its main interactions were elucidated. Based on the biological assessment and the structure-activity relationship study, the spiroacridine compounds appear to be promisinganti-leishmaniachemotherapeutic agents to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Almeida
- Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia das Doenças Infeciosas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Gleyton L S Sousa
- Programa de Doutorado em Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Rocha
- Laboratório de Imunologia das Doenças Infeciosas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Frederico F Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Paraíba CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | | | - Demetrius A M Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Michelangela S de C Nobre
- Programa de Doutorado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rosane N Castro
- Programa de Doutorado em Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Ian P G Amaral
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Tatjana S L Keesen
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia das Doenças Infeciosas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB 58429-500, Brazil.
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Hammill JT, Sviripa VM, Kril LM, Ortiz D, Fargo CM, Kim HS, Chen Y, Rector J, Rice AL, Domagalska MA, Begley KL, Liu C, Rangnekar VM, Dujardin JC, Watt DS, Landfear SM, Guy RK. Amino-Substituted 3-Aryl- and 3-Heteroarylquinolines as Potential Antileishmanial Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12152-12162. [PMID: 34355566 PMCID: PMC8404201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania species, afflicts roughly 12 million individuals worldwide. Most existing drugs for leishmaniasis are toxic, expensive, difficult to administer, and subject to drug resistance. We report a new class of antileishmanial leads, the 3-arylquinolines, that potently block proliferation of the intramacrophage amastigote form of Leishmania parasites with good selectivity relative to the host macrophages. Early lead 34 was rapidly acting and possessed good potency against L. mexicana (EC50 = 120 nM), 30-fold selectivity for the parasite relative to the macrophage (EC50 = 3.7 μM), and also blocked proliferation of Leishmania donovani parasites resistant to antimonial drugs. Finally, another early lead, 27, which exhibited reasonable in vivo tolerability, impaired disease progression during the dosing period in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. These results suggest that the arylquinolines provide a fruitful departure point for the development of new antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T. Hammill
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Vitaliy M. Sviripa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
| | - Liliia M. Kril
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Diana Ortiz
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Corinne M. Fargo
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ho Shin Kim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Jonah Rector
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Amy L. Rice
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Malgorzata A. Domagalska
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical
Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium
| | - Kristin L. Begley
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
- Department
of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-9983, United States
- Graduate
Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305, United States
| | - Jean-Claude Dujardin
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical
Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium
| | - David S. Watt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Scott M. Landfear
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
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Aqeele G, Shayan P, Ebrahimzade Abkooh E, Mohebali M. Evaluation of curcumin and CM11 peptide alone and in combination against amastigote form of Iranian strain of L. major (MRHO/IR75/ER) in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2021; 229:108151. [PMID: 34419412 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the main phytochemical of Curcuma longa Linn, an extract of the rhizome turmeric. For thousands of years, turmeric among other natural products has been used as a dietary spice and as a medicinal plant in Asian countries. The present study reports the leishmanicidal activity of curcumin in different concentrations (10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM). It is also showing the effect of CM11 peptide (8 μM) alone and in combination with curcumin (10 and 20 μM) as a leishmanicidal drug. The experiments were performed with the amastigote form of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in vitro and the leishmanicidal activity was analyzed after 12 and 24 h of incubation by Giemsa and DAPI staining. Further investigation was done by using semi-quantitative PCR with new designed common primer pair derived from an 18S rRNA gene belonging to the L. major and mouse, which amplified the above-mentioned gene segments simultaneously with different PCR product size. Our findings showed that curcumin had leishmanicidal activity in a dose and time-dependent manner and its lowest effective dose was at concentrations of 40 μM afetr12 h and 10 μM after 24 h. The IC50 value of curcumin against amastigote forms of L. major was 21.12 μM and 11.77 μM after 12 and 24 h, respectively. Treatment of amastigote form with CM11 (8 μM) alone and in combination with curcumin (10 μM and 20 μM) showed less leishmanicidal activity. Interestingly, CM11 in combination with curcumin (10 μM and 20 μM) had even less leishmanicidal effect compared to curcumin alone in the same concentrations (10 μM and 20 μM). The semi-quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the data achieved by Giemsa and DAPI staining and showed that curcumin reduced the PCR product derived from amastigote form in concentration and time-dependent manner compared to the genome of the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aqeele
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Wasit, Iraq
| | - P Shayan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute Molecular Biological System Transfer (MBST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - E Ebrahimzade Abkooh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Blanco Z, Mijares MR, Ramírez H, Fernandez-Moreira E, Oviedo HJ, Rodríguez NM, Charris JE. In vitro evaluation and in vivo efficacy of nitroimidazole-sulfanyl ethyl derivatives against Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and Leishmania (L.) mexicana. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3307-3317. [PMID: 34370070 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize several small molecules of the type 5-nitroimidazole-sulfanyl and evaluate biological properties against the main Leishmania species that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Final compounds 4-7 were generated through simple nucleophilic substitution of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole 3 with 2-mercaptoethanol, 1-methyl-2-mercaptoethanol, and 2-thyolacetic acid derivative. Compound 8 was synthesized via a coupling reaction between 7 and (S)-Methyl 2-amino-4-methylpentanoate hydrochloride. The inhibitory concentrations of (3, 4, 7, 8) against Leishmania (L.) mexicana and (V.) braziliensis in promastigotes and experimentally infected macrophages were determined by in vitro activity assays. Compounds 7 and 8 shown high activity against both species of Leishmania and were selected for the in vivo evaluation. Animals were infected with promastigotes of the two species and divided into four groups of ten (10) animals and a control group. Intralesional injection way was used for the treatment. The parasitological diagnostic after treatment was obtained by PCR using species specific oligonucleotides. The two Leishmania species were susceptible to compounds 7 and 8 in vivo assays. The results indicated that both compounds reduce significantly (96%) the size of the lesion and cure 63% of the mice infected with L (L) mexicana or L (V) braziliensis as was determined by PCR. The results are indicating that both compounds may represent an alternative treatment for these two Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleima Blanco
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela
| | - Michael R Mijares
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela
| | - Hegira Ramírez
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Henry J Oviedo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 1010-A, 4043, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Noris M Rodríguez
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 1010-A, 4043, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime E Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, 47206, Venezuela.
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42
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Tandi M, Sundriyal S. Recent trends in the design of antimicrobial agents using Ugi-multicomponent reaction. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Revuelto A, López-Martín I, de Lucio H, García-Soriano JC, Zanda N, de Castro S, Gago F, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Velázquez S, Camarasa MJ. Small Molecule-Peptide Conjugates as Dimerization Inhibitors of Leishmania infantum Trypanothione Disulfide Reductase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070689. [PMID: 34358115 PMCID: PMC8308777 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanothione disulfide reductase (TryR) is an essential homodimeric enzyme of trypanosomatid parasites that has been validated as a drug target to fight human infections. Using peptides and peptidomimetics, we previously obtained proof of concept that disrupting protein-protein interactions at the dimer interface of Leishmania infantum TryR (LiTryR) offered an innovative and so far unexploited opportunity for the development of novel antileishmanial agents. Now, we show that linking our previous peptide prototype TRL38 to selected hydrophobic moieties provides a novel series of small-molecule-peptide conjugates that behave as good inhibitors of both LiTryR activity and dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Revuelto
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (I.L.-M.); (N.Z.); (S.d.C.)
| | - Isabel López-Martín
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (I.L.-M.); (N.Z.); (S.d.C.)
| | - Héctor de Lucio
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (H.d.L.); (J.C.G.-S.); (A.J.-R.)
| | - Juan Carlos García-Soriano
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (H.d.L.); (J.C.G.-S.); (A.J.-R.)
| | - Nicola Zanda
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (I.L.-M.); (N.Z.); (S.d.C.)
| | - Sonia de Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (I.L.-M.); (N.Z.); (S.d.C.)
| | - Federico Gago
- Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (H.d.L.); (J.C.G.-S.); (A.J.-R.)
| | - Sonsoles Velázquez
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (I.L.-M.); (N.Z.); (S.d.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (M.-J.C.); Tel.: +34-912-587-458 (M.-J.C.)
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (I.L.-M.); (N.Z.); (S.d.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (M.-J.C.); Tel.: +34-912-587-458 (M.-J.C.)
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44
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Nainu F, Masyita A, Bahar MA, Raihan M, Prova SR, Mitra S, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Pharmaceutical Prospects of Bee Products: Special Focus on Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070822. [PMID: 34356743 PMCID: PMC8300842 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee products have long been used in traditional healing practices to treat many types of disorders, including cancer and microbial-related diseases. Indeed, several chemical compounds found in bee products have been demonstrated to display anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. With the improvement of research tools and in view of recent advances related to bee products, this review aims to provide broad yet detailed insight into the pharmaceutical prospects of bee products such as honey, propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, bee bread, beeswax, and bee venom, in the domain of cancer and infectious disease management. Available literature confirms the efficacy of these bee products in the alleviation of cancer progression, inhibition of bacterial and viral proliferation, and mitigation of parasitic-related symptoms. With such potentials, bioactive components isolated from the bee products can be used as an alternative approach in the long-run effort to improve humans’ health at a personal and community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +62-821-9131-0384 (F.N.); +88-01819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-001 (J.S.-G.)
| | - Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Muh. Akbar Bahar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Raihan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Shajuthi Rahman Prova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +62-821-9131-0384 (F.N.); +88-01819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-001 (J.S.-G.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +62-821-9131-0384 (F.N.); +88-01819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-001 (J.S.-G.)
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45
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Tajuddeen N, Bringmann G. N, C-Coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids: a versatile new class of axially chiral natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2154-2186. [PMID: 34212956 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2021During the past decades, a plethora of natural products with restricted rotation about a biaryl axis have been discovered, among them the naphthylisoquinoline (NIQ) alkaloids, mostly C,C-coupled and having remarkable bioactivities. Within this fascinating class of naturally occurring biaryl compounds, NIQ alkaloids bearing an N,C-heterobiaryl axis have attracted particular attention. They are structurally and biosynthetically unprecedented, with interesting stereochemical implications and biological activities. In contrast to existing articles and reviews about axially chiral - yet C,C-coupled - natural products, this is the first, comprehensive review on the new subclass of N,C-coupled NIQs, their isolation and structural elucidation, their N,C-axial chirality, their biosynthetic origin, their promising antiparasitic and antileukemic activities, and their total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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46
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Synthesis of quercetin based self-assembling supramolecular amphiphiles for amphotericin B delivery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Casanova-Alvarez O, Morales-Helguera A, Cabrera-Pérez MÁ, Molina-Ruiz R, Molina C. A Novel Automated Framework for QSAR Modeling of Highly Imbalanced Leishmania High-Throughput Screening Data. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3213-3231. [PMID: 34191520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In silico prediction of antileishmanial activity using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models has been developed on limited and small datasets. Nowadays, the availability of large and diverse high-throughput screening data provides an opportunity to the scientific community to model this activity from the chemical structure. In this study, we present the first KNIME automated workflow to modeling a large, diverse, and highly imbalanced dataset of compounds with antileishmanial activity. Because the data is strongly biased toward inactive compounds, a novel strategy was implemented based on the selection of different balanced training sets and a further consensus model using single decision trees as the base model and three criteria for output combinations. The decision tree consensus was adopted after comparing its classification performance to consensuses built upon Gaussian-Naı̈ve-Bayes, Support-Vector-Machine, Random-Forest, Gradient-Boost, and Multi-Layer-Perceptron base models. All these consensuses were rigorously validated using internal and external test validation sets and were compared against each other using Friedman and Bonferroni-Dunn statistics. For the retained decision tree-based consensus model, which covers 100% of the chemical space of the dataset and with the lowest consensus level, the overall accuracy statistics for test and external sets were between 71 and 74% and 71 and 76%, respectively, while for a reduced chemical space (21%) and with an incremental consensus level, the accuracy statistics were substantially improved with values for the test and external sets between 86 and 92% and 88 and 92%, respectively. These results highlight the relevance of the consensus model to prioritize a relatively small set of active compounds with high prediction sensitivity using the Incremental Consensus at high level values or to predict as many compounds as possible, lowering the level of Incremental Consensus. Finally, the workflow developed eliminates human bias, improves the procedure reproducibility, and allows other researchers to reproduce our design and use it in their own QSAR problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Casanova-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara 54830, Cuba
| | - Aliuska Morales-Helguera
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara 54830, Cuba
| | - Miguel Ángel Cabrera-Pérez
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara 54830, Cuba
| | - Reinaldo Molina-Ruiz
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara 54830, Cuba
| | - Christophe Molina
- PIKAÏROS S.A., B03 - 2 Allée de la Clairière, 31650 Saint Orens de Gameville, France
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Robles-Loaiza AA, Pinos-Tamayo EA, Mendes B, Teixeira C, Alves C, Gomes P, Almeida JR. Peptides to Tackle Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094400. [PMID: 33922379 PMCID: PMC8122823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs are an attractive class of therapeutic agents, recently recognized by the pharmaceutical industry. These molecules are currently being used in the development of innovative therapies for diverse health conditions, including tropical diseases such as leishmaniasis. Despite its socioeconomic influence on public health, leishmaniasis remains long-neglected and categorized as a poverty-related disease, with limited treatment options. Peptides with antileishmanial effects encountered to date are a structurally heterogeneous group, which can be found in different natural sources—amphibians, reptiles, insects, bacteria, marine organisms, mammals, plants, and others—or inspired by natural toxins or proteins. This review details the biochemical and structural characteristics of over one hundred peptides and their potential use as molecular frameworks for the design of antileishmanial drug leads. Additionally, we detail the main chemical modifications or substitutions of amino acid residues carried out in the peptide sequence, and their implications in the development of antileishmanial candidates for clinical trials. Our bibliographic research highlights that the action of leishmanicidal peptides has been evaluated mainly using in vitro assays, with a special emphasis on the promastigote stage. In light of these findings, and considering the advances in the successful application of peptides in leishmaniasis chemotherapy, possible approaches and future directions are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A. Robles-Loaiza
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena 150150, Ecuador; (A.A.R.-L.); (E.A.P.-T.)
| | - Edgar A. Pinos-Tamayo
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena 150150, Ecuador; (A.A.R.-L.); (E.A.P.-T.)
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.T.); (C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Cláudia Alves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.T.); (C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.T.); (C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - José R. Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena 150150, Ecuador; (A.A.R.-L.); (E.A.P.-T.)
- Correspondence:
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Leishmaniasis: where are we and where are we heading? Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1541-1554. [PMID: 33825036 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease in humans caused by the bite of a parasite-infected sandfly. The disease, widely referred to as "poor man's disease," affects millions of people worldwide. The clinical manifestation of the disease depends upon the species of the parasite and ranges from physical disfigurement to death if left untreated. Here, we review the past, present, and future of leishmaniasis in detail. The life cycle of Leishmania sp., along with its epidemiology, is discussed, and in addition, the line of therapeutics available for treatment currently is examined. The current status of the disease is critically evaluated, keeping emerging threats like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) into consideration. In summary, the review proposes a dire need for new therapeutics and reassessment of the measures and policies concerning emerging threats. New strategies are essential to achieve the goal of leishmaniasis eradication in the next few decades.
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Topical Bambusa vulgaris Extract Enhances Wound Healing in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. J Pathog 2021; 2021:7860474. [PMID: 33628511 PMCID: PMC7892243 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7860474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bambusa vulgaris (Tabashir) has been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects due to the presence of ascorbic acid, vitamin B2, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds which can be beneficial in the process of wound healing. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical Tabashir extract on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. Methods Twenty-eight female BALB/c mice (4 weeks old, 18 ± 4 grams) were injected subcutaneously in tail-base with L. major amastigotes. Treatment started when the CL lesions were appeared and continued for 21 days. Mice were then divided into four groups: E1, treated daily with 5% of Tabashir extract gel; E2, treated daily with 10% Tabashir gel; C1, irrigated daily only with normal saline; and C2, received vehicle gel daily. The wounds' sizes were measured every 3 days, using vernier caliper. The volume densities of vessels, collagens, and hair follicles, vessels' length density, and mean diameter were soteriologically determined. Results Tabashir enhanced wound closure rate through increasing the number of fibroblasts, collagen bundles, and vessels, according to histomorphometric evaluation while it did not affect the parasitic load. Findings of the in vitro study revealed that the extract has substantial mortality for the Leishmania promastigotes. Conclusion Topical Tabashir showed promising effects on the healing process of skin wounds caused by CL in this experimental study. Further studies are suggested to find out the molecules which are involved in the healing process.
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