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Zheng F, Tian R, Lu H, Liang X, Shafiq M, Uchida S, Chen H, Ma M. Droplet Microfluidics Powered Hydrogel Microparticles for Stem Cell-Mediated Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401400. [PMID: 38881184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell-related therapeutic technologies have garnered significant attention of the research community for their multi-faceted applications. To promote the therapeutic effects of stem cells, the strategies for cell microencapsulation in hydrogel microparticles have been widely explored, as the hydrogel microparticles have the potential to facilitate oxygen diffusion and nutrient transport alongside their ability to promote crucial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Despite their significant promise, there is an acute shortage of automated, standardized, and reproducible platforms to further stem cell-related research. Microfluidics offers an intriguing platform to produce stem cell-laden hydrogel microparticles (SCHMs) owing to its ability to manipulate the fluids at the micrometer scale as well as precisely control the structure and composition of microparticles. In this review, the typical biomaterials and crosslinking methods for microfluidic encapsulation of stem cells as well as the progress in droplet-based microfluidics for the fabrication of SCHMs are outlined. Moreover, the important biomedical applications of SCHMs are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, scale-up production of stem cells, and microenvironmental simulation for fundamental cell studies. Overall, microfluidics holds tremendous potential for enabling the production of diverse hydrogel microparticles and is worthy for various stem cell-related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hangrong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Qin X, Gan Z, Liu H, Tao T, He J, Li X, Shang D, Li X, Xie F, Qin J. A Pump-Free Strategy for the Controllable Generation of Alginate Microgels as Cellular Microcarriers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3958-3967. [PMID: 38711418 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Microgels are advanced scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their proper biodegradability, good biocompatibility, and high specific surface area for effective oxygen and nutrient transfer. However, most of the current monodispersed microgel fabrication systems rely heavily on various precision pumps, which highly increase the cost and complexity of their downstream application. In this work, we developed a simple and facile system for the controllable generation of uniform alginate microgels by integrating a gas-shearing strategy into a glass microfluidic device. Importantly, the cell-laden microgels can be rapidly prepared in a pump-free manner under an all-aqueous environment. The three-dimensional cultured green fluorescent protein-human A549 cells in alginate microgels exhibited enhanced stemness and drug resistance compared to those under two-dimensional conditions. The pancreatic cancer organoids in alginate microgels exhibited some of the key features of pancreatic cancer. The proposed microgels showed decent monodispersity, biocompatibility, and versatility, providing great opportunities in various biomedical applications such as microcarrier fabricating, organoid engineering, and high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongqiao Gan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jia He
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Department of HBP Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
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Zhang Q, Yan K, Zheng X, Liu Q, Han Y, Liu Z. Research progress of photo-crosslink hydrogels in ophthalmology: A comprehensive review focus on the applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101082. [PMID: 38774449 PMCID: PMC11107262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel presents a three-dimensional polymer network with high water content. Over the past decade, hydrogel has developed from static material to intelligent material with controllable response. Various stimuli are involved in the formation of hydrogel network, among which photo-stimulation has attracted wide attention due to the advantages of controllable conditions, which has a good application prospect in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. This paper reviews the application of photo-crosslink hydrogels in ophthalmology, focusing on the types of photo-crosslink hydrogels and their applications in ophthalmology, including drug delivery, tissue engineering and 3D printing. In addition, the limitations and future prospects of photo-crosslink hydrogels are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361005, China
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4
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Yang Y, Vagin SI, Rieger B, Destgeer G. Fabrication of Crescent Shaped Microparticles for Particle Templated Droplet Formation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2300721. [PMID: 38615246 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Crescent-shaped hydrogel microparticles are shown to template uniform volume aqueous droplets upon simple mixing with aqueous and oil media for various bioassays. This emerging "lab on a particle" technique requires hydrogel particles with tunable material properties and dimensions. The crescent shape of the particles is attained by aqueous two-phase separation of polymers followed by photopolymerization of the curable precursor. In this work, the phase separation of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mw 700) and dextran (Mw 40 000) for tunable manufacturing of crescent-shaped particles is investigated. The particles' morphology is precisely tuned by following a phase diagram, varying the UV intensity, and adjusting the flow rates of various streams. The fabricated particles with variable dimensions encapsulate uniform aqueous droplets upon mixing with an oil phase. The particles are fluorescently labeled with red and blue emitting dyes at variable concentrations to produce six color-coded particles. The blue fluorescent dye shows a moderate response to the pH change. The fluorescently labeled particles are able to tolerate an extremely acidic solution (pH 1) but disintegrate within an extremely basic solution (pH 14). The particle-templated droplets are able to effectively retain the disintegrating particle and the fluorescent signal at pH 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Yang
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, TranslaTUM - Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergei I Vagin
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, TranslaTUM - Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
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5
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Zhang M, Raghunath A, Zhao A, Eral HB. Biocompatible optical physically unclonable function hydrogel microparticles for on-dose authentication. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22895. [PMID: 38163172 PMCID: PMC10756959 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
On-dose authentication (ODA) enhances security by incorporating customized molecular or micro-tags into each pill, preventing counterfeit products in genuine packages. ODA's security relies on tag non-replication and non-reverse engineering. Combining ODA with graphical Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) promises maximum security. PUF uses intrinsic micro or nanoscale randomness as a unique 'fingerprint'. However, current graphical PUFs have limitations like specific illumination requirements and the use of toxic materials, restricting their use in pharmaceuticals. In this study, we propose a novel approach called on-dose PUF. This method involves embedding microspheres randomly within micro biocompatible hydrogel particles. We showcase two distinct types of such on-dose PUFs. The first type utilizes randomly distributed superparamagnetic colloids (SPC) of identical diameters, while the second type utilizes vortexed sunflower oil drops of various diameters. The diameter and coordinates of the microspheres serve as input for generating cryptographic keys. A universal circle identification and binning program is used for extracting this information. One advantage of this approach is that it enables imaging using white light illumination and low-magnification microscopy, as color and signal intensity information are not crucial. This method enables patients to verify their medication by using their mobile phones from home. To assess the performance of the proposed on-dose PUF, we conducted canonical investigations on the single-diameter system. This system can only generate one layer of cryptographic keys, making it potentially more vulnerable than the multiple-diameter system. However, the single-diameter system successfully passed NIST Statistical tests and exhibited sufficient randomness, ideal bit uniformity, Hamming distance, and device uniqueness. Furthermore, we found that the encoding capacity of the single-diameter system was 9.2 × 10 18 , providing ample labeling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Aparna Raghunath
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, the Netherlands
| | - An Zhao
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Huseyin Burak Eral
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, the Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Labs, Physical Chemistry, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
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6
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Chau A, Edwards CER, Helgeson ME, Pitenis AA. Designing Superlubricious Hydrogels from Spontaneous Peroxidation Gradients. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43075-43086. [PMID: 37650860 PMCID: PMC10510045 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrated three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers that are commonly used in the biomedical industry due to their mechanical and structural tunability, biocompatibility, and similar water content to biological tissues. The surface structure of hydrogels polymerized through free-radical polymerization can be modified by controlling environmental oxygen concentrations, leading to the formation of a polymer concentration gradient. In this work, 17.5 wt % polyacrylamide hydrogels are polymerized in low (0.01 mol % O2) and high (20 mol % O2) oxygen environments, and their mechanical and tribological properties are characterized through microindentation, nanoindentation, and tribological sliding experiments. Without significantly reducing the elastic modulus of the hydrogel (E* ≈ 200 kPa), we demonstrate an order of magnitude reduction in friction coefficient (from μ = 0.021 ± 0.006 to μ = 0.002 ± 0.001) by adjusting polymerization conditions (e.g., oxygen concentration). A quantitative analytical model based on polyacrylamide chemistry and kinetics was developed to estimate the thickness and structure of the monomer conversion gradient, termed the "surface gel layer". We find that polymerizing hydrogels at high oxygen concentrations leads to the formation of a preswollen surface gel layer that is approximately five times thicker (t ≈ 50 μm) and four times less concentrated (≈ 6% monomer conversion) at the surface prior to swelling compared to low oxygen environments (t ≈ 10 μm, ≈ 20% monomer conversion). Our model could be readily modified to predict the preswollen concentration profile of the polyacrylamide gel surface layer for any reaction conditions─monomer and initiator concentration, oxygen concentration, reaction time, and reaction media depth─or used to select conditions that correspond to a certain desired surface gel layer profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison
L. Chau
- Materials
Department, University of California, Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Chelsea E. R. Edwards
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Angela A. Pitenis
- Materials
Department, University of California, Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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7
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Chen H, Luo Z, Lin X, Zhu Y, Zhao Y. Sensors-integrated organ-on-a-chip for biomedical applications. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:1-28. [PMID: 37359077 PMCID: PMC10130312 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a promising new micro-physiological system, organ-on-a-chip has been widely utilized for in vitro pharmaceutical study and tissues engineering based on the three-dimensional constructions of tissues/organs and delicate replication of in vivo-like microenvironment. To better observe the biological processes, a variety of sensors have been integrated to realize in-situ, real-time, and sensitive monitoring of critical signals for organs development and disease modeling. Herein, we discuss the recent research advances made with respect to sensors-integrated organ-on-a-chip in this overall review. Firstly, we briefly explore the underlying fabrication procedures of sensors within microfluidic platforms and several classifications of sensory principles. Then, emphasis is put on the highlighted applications of different types of organ-on-a-chip incorporated with various sensors. Last but not least, perspective on the remaining challenges and future development of sensors-integrated organ-on-a-chip are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001 China
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8
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Bai L, Tao G, Feng M, Xie Y, Cai S, Peng S, Xiao J. Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051334. [PMID: 37242576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth understanding of bone regeneration mechanisms and the development of bone tissue engineering, a variety of scaffold carrier materials with desirable physicochemical properties and biological functions have recently emerged in the field of bone regeneration. Hydrogels are being increasingly used in the field of bone regeneration and tissue engineering because of their biocompatibility, unique swelling properties, and relative ease of fabrication. Hydrogel drug delivery systems comprise cells, cytokines, an extracellular matrix, and small molecule nucleotides, which have different properties depending on their chemical or physical cross-linking. Additionally, hydrogels can be designed for different types of drug delivery for specific applications. In this paper, we summarize recent research in the field of bone regeneration using hydrogels as delivery carriers, detail the application of hydrogels in bone defect diseases and their mechanisms, and discuss future research directions of hydrogel drug delivery systems in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gang Tao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Maogeng Feng
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuping Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuanglin Peng
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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9
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An C, Zhou R, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu J, Bao B, Sun K, Ren C, Zhang Y, Lin Q, Zhang L, Cheng F, Song J, Zhu L, Wang H. Microfluidic-templated cell-laden microgels fabricated using phototriggered imine-crosslinking as injectable and adaptable granular gels for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:91-107. [PMID: 36427687 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Injectable granular gels consisting of densely packed microgels serving as scaffolding biomaterial have recently shown great potential for applications in tissue regeneration, which allow administration via minimally invasive surgery, on-target cargo delivery, and high efficiency in nutrient/waste exchange. However, limitations such as insufficient mechanical strength, structural integrity, and uncontrollable differentiation of the encapsulated cells in the scaffolds hamper their further applications in the biomedical field. Herein, we developed a new class of granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels via photo-triggered imine-crosslinking (PIC) chemistry based on the microfluidic technique. The particulate nature of the granular gels rendered them with shear-thinning and self-healing behavior, thereby functioning as an injectable and adaptable cellularized scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Specifically, single cell-laden, monodisperse microgels composed of methacrylate- and o-nitrobenzene-functionalized hyaluronic acid and gelatin were prepared using a high-throughput microfluidic technique with a production rate up to 3.7 × 108 microgels/hr, wherein the PIC chemistry alleviated the oxygen inhibition on free-radical polymerization and facilitated enhanced fabrication accuracy, accelerated gelation rate, and improved network strength. Further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the microgels can serve as carriers to support the activity of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells; these cell-laden microgels can also be used as cellularized bone fillers to induce the regeneration of bone tissues as evidenced by the in vivo experiment using the rat femoral condyle defect model. In general, these results represent a significant step toward the precise fabrication of engineered tissue mimics with single-cell resolution and high cell-density and can potentially offer a powerful tool for the design and applications of a next generation of tissue engineering strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Using microfluidic droplet-based technology, we hereby developed a new class of injectable and moldable granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels as a versatile platform for tissue regeneration. Phototriggered imine-crosslinking chemistry was introduced for microgel cross-linkage, which allowed for the fabrication of microgels with improved matrix homogeneity, accelerated gelation process, and enhanced mechanical strength. We demonstrated that the microgel building blocks within the granular gels facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells, which can further serve as a cellularized scaffold for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingkun Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China; Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Jiankang Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Linyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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10
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Meng L, Wang Z, Hou Z, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang X, He X, Zhang X, Qin B, Li J, Zhang Z, Xue X, Wei Y. Study of epirubicin sustained-release chemoablation in tumor suppression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1064047. [PMID: 36605217 PMCID: PMC9807901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1064047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although intratumoral chemoablation can obtain an impressive therapeutic effect, there is still incomplete ablation and tumor recurrence in some patients. This could be due to the short retention time of the drug in the tumor, the limited distribution of intratumoral drugs, and, beyond that, the immunotolerance caused by the tumor microenvironment (TME). There is still an urgent need to find an optimal drug sustained-release carrier and figure out the impact of regional injection to TME. Methods In this study, we supposed to use polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel as a drug carrier to improve the retention time of the drug to extend the exposure of tumor cells and investigate the feasibility of combination local Epirubicin injection with anti-PD-L1. Results The results revealed obvious tumor suppression based on the tumor volume and the inhibition time of tumor growth in the A549 lung cancer mouse model after local injection. Furthermore, the enhanced antitumor effects of the combination of systematic anti- programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy with local chemoablation (EPI-GEL/PD-L1) for abscopal tumor reduction in the 4T1 breast model were also observed. Flow cytometry analysis of the tumor and blood samples showed significant variations in the proportions of PD-L1+ and CD3+CD8+PD-1+ cells before and after anti-PD-L1 therapy. On day 4 after local injection of the EPI gel, the expression of PD-L1 in abscopal tumors was upregulated, while the expression of PD-L1 in bilateral tumors in mice was significantly reduced after anti-PD-L1 treatment. The proportion of CD3+CD8+PD-1+ cells in the tumor and circulating blood in the EPI-GEL/PD-L1 group was decreased compared with that in the EPI-GEL (single injection of epirubicin) group. Discussion The combination of local injection of the chemoablation agent with anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy may strengthen the antitumor activity, and the use of PEG hydrogel as the drug carrier can extend the retention time of the chemoablation agent around the tumor, maintaining a long-term tumor-killing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Meng
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hufei Wang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Boyu Qin
- Department of Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Characteristic Medical Center, Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtian Wei
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yingtian Wei,
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11
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Rojek K, Ćwiklińska M, Kuczak J, Guzowski J. Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16839-16909. [PMID: 36108106 PMCID: PMC9706502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core-shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.
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12
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Sahin MA, Werner H, Udani S, Di Carlo D, Destgeer G. Flow lithography for structured microparticles: fundamentals, methods and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4007-4042. [PMID: 35920614 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Structured microparticles, with unique shapes, customizable sizes, multiple materials, and spatially-defined chemistries, are leading the way for emerging 'lab on a particle' technologies. These microparticles with engineered designs find applications in multiplexed diagnostics, drug delivery, single-cell secretion assays, single-molecule detection assays, high throughput cytometry, micro-robotics, self-assembly, and tissue engineering. In this article we review state-of-the-art particle manufacturing technologies based on flow-assisted photolithography performed inside microfluidic channels. Important physicochemical concepts are discussed to provide a basis for understanding the fabrication technologies. These photolithography technologies are compared based on the structural as well as compositional complexity of the fabricated particles. Particles are categorized, from 1D to 3D particles, based on the number of dimensions that can be independently controlled during the fabrication process. After discussing the advantages of the individual techniques, important applications of the fabricated particles are reviewed. Lastly, a future perspective is provided with potential directions to improve the throughput of particle fabrication, realize new particle shapes, measure particles in an automated manner, and adopt the 'lab on a particle' technologies to other areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Sahin
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Helen Werner
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Shreya Udani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
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13
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Liu J, Enloe C, Li-Oakey KD, Oakey J. Optimizing Immunofunctionalization and Cell Capture on Micromolded Hydrogels via Controlled Oxygen-Inhibited Photopolymerization. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5004-5013. [PMID: 36174120 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With circulating tumor cells (CTCs) playing a critical role in cancer metastasis, the quantitation and characterization of CTCs promise to provide precise diagnostic and prognostic information in service of personalized therapies. However, as CTCs are extremely rare, high yield, high purity strategies are required to target and isolate CTCs from patient samples. Recently, we demonstrated the selective capture of CTCs upon antibody-functionalized polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels photopolymerized within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic molds. Isolated CTC purity was subsequently enriched by selectively releasing desired cells from photodegradable hydrogel capture surfaces. However, the fabrication of these acrylate-based hydrogels by photopolymerization is subject to oxygen inhibition, which dramatically affects the physical and chemical properties of hydrogel interfaces formed in proximity to PDMS boundaries. To evaluate how antibody conjugation density and cell capture is impacted by fabrication parameters affected by oxygen inhibition, PEGDA hydrogel features were polymerized within PDMS micromolds under different UV exposure conditions and linker (acrylate-PEG-biotin) concentrations. Predictions of acrylate conversion throughout the hydrogel feature were performed using a 1D reaction-diffusion model that describes oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization. The functional consequences of photopolymerization parameters and solution stoichiometry on CTC capture were experimentally quantified and evaluated. Results show that hydrogel surfaces polymerized under shorter exposure times and with higher linker concentrations display superior functionalization and higher CTC capture efficiency. Conversely, highly cross-linked hydrogel surfaces polymerized under longer exposure times are insensitive to functionalization and display poor capture, regardless of linker concentration. By highlighting the importance of oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization, these findings provide guidelines to design micromolded hydrogels with controlled ligand expression. In addition to enhancing the selective cell capture capacity of immunofunctional hydrogels, the ability to quantifiably design hydrogel interfaces described here will improve the sensitivity of hydrogel biosensors, provide a platform to finely screen cell-matrix interactions, and generally enhance the fidelity of micromolded hydrogel features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Cassidy Enloe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Katie D Li-Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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14
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Influence of a non-reactive additive on the photocuring and 3D-VAT printing processes of PEGDA: complementary studies. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Chen P, Ning X, Li W, Pan Y, Wang L, Li H, Fan X, Zhang J, Luo T, Wu Y, Ou C, Chen M. Fabrication of Tβ4-Exosome-releasing artificial stem cells for myocardial infarction therapy by improving coronary collateralization. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:416-429. [PMID: 35386821 PMCID: PMC8964820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, stem cell transplantations in cardiac repair are limited owing to disadvantages, such as immunological rejection and poor cell viability. Although direct injection of exosomes can have a curative effect similar to that of stem cell transplantation, high clearance hinders its application in clinical practice. Previous reports suggested that induction of coronary collateralization can be a desired method of adjunctive therapy for someone who had missed the optimal operation time to attenuate myocardial ischemia. In this study, to mimic the paracrine and biological activity of stem cells, we developed artificial stem cells that can continuously release Tβ4-exosomes (Tβ4-ASCs) by encapsulating specific exosomes within microspheres using microfluidics technology. The results show that Tβ4-ASCs can greatly promote coronary collateralization in the periphery of the myocardial infarcted area, and its therapeutic effect is superior to that of directly injecting the exosomes. In addition, to better understand how it works, we demonstrated that the Tβ4-ASC-derived exosomes can enhance the angiogenic capacity of coronary endothelial cells (CAECs) via the miR-17-5p/PHD3/Hif-1α pathway. In brief, as artificial stem cells, Tβ4-ASCs can constantly release functional exosomes and stimulate the formation of collateral circulation after myocardial infarction, providing a feasible and alternative method for clinical revascularization. Inspired by the paracrine of stem cells, we fabricated artificial stem cells (Tβ4-ASCs) by loading engineered Tβ4-exosomes with microspheres using microfluidics technology. Tβ4-ASCs stimulate the formation of coronary collateralization in myocardial infarcted area through a slowly sustained release of engineered Tβ4-exosomes. Tβ4-ASCs improve coronary collateralization via the miR-17-5p/PHD3/Hif-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peier Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaodong Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Weirun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yuxuan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hekai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xianglin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tiantian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Chen M, Aluunmani R, Bolognesi G, Vladisavljević GT. Facile Microfluidic Fabrication of Biocompatible Hydrogel Microspheres in a Novel Microfluidic Device. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134013. [PMID: 35807255 PMCID: PMC9268728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) microgels with tuneable size and porosity find applications as extracellular matrix mimics for tissue-engineering scaffolds, biosensors, and drug carriers. Monodispersed PEGDA microgels were produced by modular droplet microfluidics using the dispersed phase with 49–99 wt% PEGDA, 1 wt% Darocur 2959, and 0–50 wt% water, while the continuous phase was 3.5 wt% silicone-based surfactant dissolved in silicone oil. Pure PEGDA droplets were fully cured within 60 s at the UV light intensity of 75 mW/cm2. The droplets with higher water content required more time for curing. Due to oxygen inhibition, the polymerisation started in the droplet centre and advanced towards the edge, leading to a temporary solid core/liquid shell morphology, confirmed by tracking the Brownian motion of fluorescent latex nanoparticles within a droplet. A volumetric shrinkage during polymerisation was 1–4% for pure PEGDA droplets and 20–32% for the droplets containing 10–40 wt% water. The particle volume increased by 36–50% after swelling in deionised water. The surface smoothness and sphericity of the particles decreased with increasing water content in the dispersed phase. The porosity of swollen particles was controlled from 29.7% to 41.6% by changing the water content in the dispersed phase from 10 wt% to 40 wt%.
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17
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Tiemeijer BM, Tel J. Hydrogels for Single-Cell Microgel Production: Recent Advances and Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:891461. [PMID: 35782502 PMCID: PMC9247248 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.891461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell techniques have become more and more incorporated in cell biological research over the past decades. Various approaches have been proposed to isolate, culture, sort, and analyze individual cells to understand cellular heterogeneity, which is at the foundation of every systematic cellular response in the human body. Microfluidics is undoubtedly the most suitable method of manipulating cells, due to its small scale, high degree of control, and gentle nature toward vulnerable cells. More specifically, the technique of microfluidic droplet production has proven to provide reproducible single-cell encapsulation with high throughput. Various in-droplet applications have been explored, ranging from immunoassays, cytotoxicity assays, and single-cell sequencing. All rely on the theoretically unlimited throughput that can be achieved and the monodispersity of each individual droplet. To make these platforms more suitable for adherent cells or to maintain spatial control after de-emulsification, hydrogels can be included during droplet production to obtain “microgels.” Over the past years, a multitude of research has focused on the possibilities these can provide. Also, as the technique matures, it is becoming clear that it will result in advantages over conventional droplet approaches. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on how various types of hydrogels can be incorporated into different droplet-based approaches and provide novel and more robust analytic and screening applications. We will further focus on a wide range of recently published applications for microgels and how these can be applied in cell biological research at the single- to multicell scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Tiemeijer
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J. Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: J. Tel,
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18
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Kessler M, Nassisi Q, Amstad E. Does the Size of Microgels Influence the Toughness of Microgel-Reinforced Hydrogels? Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200196. [PMID: 35467048 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in the biomedical field increasingly often demand soft materials that can be processed into complex 3D shapes while being able to reliably bear significant loads. Granular hydrogels have the potential to serve as artificial tissues because they can be 3D printed into complex 3D shapes and their composition can be tuned over short length scales. Unfortunately, granular hydrogels are typically soft such that they cannot be used for load-bearing applications. To address this shortcoming, individual microgels can be connected through a percolating network, such that they introduce the double network toughening mechanism into granular hydrogels. However, the influence of the microgel size and concentration on the processing and toughness of microgel-reinforced hydrogels (MRHs) remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that processing and toughness depend on the inter-microgel connectivity, while the stress at break is solely dependent on the microgel size. These findings offer an in-depth understanding of how liquid- and paste-like precursors containing soft, deformable microgels can be processed into bulk microstructured soft materials and the effect of the size and concentration of these microgels on the mechanical properties of microgel reinforced hydrogels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kessler
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Nassisi
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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19
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Tiemeijer BM, Sweep MWD, Sleeboom JJF, Steps KJ, van Sprang JF, De Almeida P, Hammink R, Kouwer PHJ, Smits AIPM, Tel J. Probing Single-Cell Macrophage Polarization and Heterogeneity Using Thermo-Reversible Hydrogels in Droplet-Based Microfluidics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:715408. [PMID: 34722475 PMCID: PMC8552120 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.715408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immune cells intrinsically exist as heterogenous populations. To understand cellular heterogeneity, both cell culture and analysis should be executed with single-cell resolution to eliminate juxtacrine and paracrine interactions, as these can lead to a homogenized cell response, obscuring unique cellular behavior. Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a potent tool to culture and stimulate single cells at high throughput. However, when studying adherent cells at single-cell level, it is imperative to provide a substrate for the cells to adhere to, as suspension culture conditions can negatively affect biological function and behavior. Therefore, we combined a droplet-based microfluidic platform with a thermo-reversible polyisocyanide (PIC) hydrogel, which allowed for robust droplet formation at low temperatures, whilst ensuring catalyzer-free droplet gelation and easy cell recovery after culture for downstream analysis. With this approach, we probed the heterogeneity of highly adherent human macrophages under both pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 polarization conditions. We showed that co-encapsulation of multiple cells enhanced cell polarization compared to single cells, indicating that cellular communication is a potent driver of macrophage polarization. Additionally, we highlight that culturing single macrophages in PIC hydrogel droplets displayed higher cell viability and enhanced M2 polarization compared to single macrophages cultured in suspension. Remarkably, combining phenotypical and functional analysis on single cultured macrophages revealed a subset of cells in a persistent M1 state, which were undetectable in conventional bulk cultures. Taken together, combining droplet-based microfluidics with hydrogels is a versatile and powerful tool to study the biological function of adherent cell types at single-cell resolution with high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Tiemeijer
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M. W. D. Sweep
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J. J. F. Sleeboom
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Soft Tissue Engineering and Biomechanics, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - K. J. Steps
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J. F. van Sprang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Soft Tissue Engineering and Biomechanics, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - P. De Almeida
- Department of System Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - R. Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - P. H. J. Kouwer
- Department of System Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A. I. P. M. Smits
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Soft Tissue Engineering and Biomechanics, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J. Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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20
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Sheth S, Stealey S, Morgan NY, Zustiak SP. Microfluidic Chip Device for In Situ Mixing and Fabrication of Hydrogel Microspheres via Michael-Type Addition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11793-11803. [PMID: 34597052 PMCID: PMC9447845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel microspheres are sought for a variety of biomedical applications, including therapeutic and cellular delivery, sensors, and lubricants. Robust fabrication of hydrogel microspheres with uniform sizes and properties can be achieved using microfluidic systems that rely on droplet formation and subsequent gelation to form microspheres. Such systems work well when gelation is initiated after droplet formation but are not practical for timed gelation systems where gelation is initiated prior to droplet formation; premature gelation can lead to device blockage, variable microsphere diameter due to viscosity changes in the precursor solution, and limited numbers of microspheres produced in a single run. To enable microfluidic fabrication of microspheres from timed gelation hydrogel systems, an in situ mixing region is needed so that various hydrogel precursor components can be added separately. Here, we designed and evaluated three mixing devices for their effectiveness at mixing hydrogel precursor solutions prior to droplet formation and subsequent gelation. The serpentine geometry was found to be the most effective and was further improved with the inclusion of a pillar array to increase agitation. The optimized device was shown to fully mix precursor solutions and enable the fabrication of monodisperse polyethylene glycol microspheres, offering great potential for use with timed gelation hydrogel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahil Sheth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 63103
| | - Samuel Stealey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 63103
| | - Nicole Y. Morgan
- Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Shared Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 20814
| | - Silviya P. Zustiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 63103
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21
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Peng Y, Wang Z, Peña J, Guo Z, Xing J. Effect of TEOA on the Process of Photopolymerization at 532 nm and Properties of Nanogels. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:132-140. [PMID: 34390000 DOI: 10.1111/php.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanogel is an important kind of biomaterials applied for wound dressings, drug delivery, medical diagnostics and biosensors. The properties of nanogels closely depend on the density of the crosslinking network. In this study, the role of triethanolamine (TEOA) in the effect on the crosslinking degree of nanogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) was investigated and illustrated. The effect of TEOA on the process of photopolymerization at 532 nm and properties of the nanogels was systematically investigated by using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1 H NMR, DLS, SEM, AFM and DSC. In brief, the double bond conversion of photopolymerization and the crosslinking degree of nanogels can be effectively regulated by TEOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Metrological Supervision and Testing, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jhair Peña
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Metrological Supervision and Testing, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinfeng Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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22
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Shi N, Mohibullah M, Easley CJ. Active Flow Control and Dynamic Analysis in Droplet Microfluidics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:133-153. [PMID: 33979546 PMCID: PMC8956363 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-122120-042627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics has emerged as an important subfield within the microfluidic and general analytical communities. Indeed, several unique applications such as digital assay readout and single-cell sequencing now have commercial systems based on droplet microfluidics. Yet there remains room for this research area to grow. To date, most analytical readouts are optical in nature, relatively few studies have integrated sample preparation, and passive means for droplet formation and manipulation have dominated the field. Analytical scientists continue to expand capabilities by developing droplet-compatible method adaptations, for example, by interfacing to mass spectrometers or automating droplet sampling for temporally resolved analysis. In this review, we highlight recently developed fluidic control techniques and unique integrations of analytical methodology with droplet microfluidics-focusing on automation and the connections to analog/digital domains-and we conclude by offering a perspective on current challenges and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
| | - Md Mohibullah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
| | - Christopher J Easley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
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23
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Crosslinking Strategies for the Microfluidic Production of Microgels. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123752. [PMID: 34202959 PMCID: PMC8234156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a systematic review of the crosslinking strategies used to produce microgel particles in microfluidic chips. Various ionic crosslinking methods for the gelation of charged polymers are discussed, including external gelation via crosslinkers dissolved or dispersed in the oil phase; internal gelation methods using crosslinkers added to the dispersed phase in their non-active forms, such as chelating agents, photo-acid generators, sparingly soluble or slowly hydrolyzing compounds, and methods involving competitive ligand exchange; rapid mixing of polymer and crosslinking streams; and merging polymer and crosslinker droplets. Covalent crosslinking methods using enzymatic oxidation of modified biopolymers, photo-polymerization of crosslinkable monomers or polymers, and thiol-ene “click” reactions are also discussed, as well as methods based on the sol−gel transitions of stimuli responsive polymers triggered by pH or temperature change. In addition to homogeneous microgel particles, the production of structurally heterogeneous particles such as composite hydrogel particles entrapping droplet interface bilayers, core−shell particles, organoids, and Janus particles are also discussed. Microfluidics offers the ability to precisely tune the chemical composition, size, shape, surface morphology, and internal structure of microgels by bringing multiple fluid streams in contact in a highly controlled fashion using versatile channel geometries and flow configurations, and allowing for controlled crosslinking.
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24
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Um E, Cho YK, Jeong J. Spontaneous Wrinkle Formation on Hydrogel Surfaces Using Photoinitiator Diffusion from Oil-Water Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15837-15846. [PMID: 33689266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Patterning wrinkles on three-dimensional curved or enclosed surfaces can be challenging due to difficulties in application of uniform films and stresses on such structures. In this study, we demonstrate a simple one-step wrinkle-formation method on various hydrogel structures utilizing the oil-water interfaces. By diffusion of the photoinitiator from the oil phase to the prepolymer solution in water through the interface, a characteristic cross-linking gradient is set up in the hydrogel. Then, after photopolymerization, we observe diverse patterns of wrinkles upon changing the concentration of the hydrogel or photoinitiator. As the wrinkle formation via photoinitiator diffusion through the interface requires only UV exposure for polymerization, while taking advantage of the oil-water interfacial tension, wrinkles can be developed easily on various curved structures. In addition, we illustrate the formation of wrinkles on surfaces underneath another layer of polymer or on completely enclosed surfaces, which is difficult with conventional methods. We expect that our results will lead to production of novel microstructures and provide a platform for studying the morphogenesis of wrinkles found in nature such as in curved substrates and multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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25
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A modular polymer microbead angiogenesis scaffold to characterize the effects of adhesion ligand density on angiogenic sprouting. Biomaterials 2021; 264:120231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Mun SJ, Ko D, Kim HU, Han Y, Roh YH, Kim BG, Na HB, Bong KW. Photopolymerization-Based Synthesis of Uniform Magnetic Hydrogels and Colorimetric Glucose Detection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4401. [PMID: 33023165 PMCID: PMC7579115 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hydrogels have been commonly used in biomedical applications. As magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit peroxidase enzyme-like activity, magnetic hydrogels have been actively used as signal transducers for biomedical assays. Droplet microfluidics, which uses photoinitiated polymerization, is a preferred method for the synthesis of magnetic hydrogels. However, light absorption by MNPs makes it difficult to obtain fully polymerized and homogeneous magnetic hydrogels through photoinitiated polymerization. Several methods have been reported to address this issue, but few studies have focused on investigating the light absorption properties of photoinitiators. In this study, we developed a simple method for the synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based uniform magnetic hydrogels that exploits the high ultraviolet absorption of a photoinitiator. Additionally, we investigated this effect on shape deformation and structural uniformity of the synthesized magnetic hydrogels. Two different photoinitiators, Darocur 1173 and lithium phenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate (LAP), with significantly different UV absorption properties were evaluated based on the synthesis of magnetic hydrogels. The magnetic characteristics of the PEG-stabilized MNPs in hydrogels were investigated with a vibrating sample magnetometer. Finally, the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose was conducted based on the enzyme-like property of MNPs and repeated several times to observe the catalytic activity of the magnetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joon Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.J.M.); (H.U.K.); (Y.H.R.)
| | - Donghyun Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.H.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Hyeon Ung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.J.M.); (H.U.K.); (Y.H.R.)
| | - Yujin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.H.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Yoon Ho Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.J.M.); (H.U.K.); (Y.H.R.)
| | - Bong-Geun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.H.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Hyon Bin Na
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.H.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.J.M.); (H.U.K.); (Y.H.R.)
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27
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Cheng C, Harpster MH, Oakey J. Convection-driven microfabricated hydrogels for rapid biosensing. Analyst 2020; 145:5981-5988. [PMID: 32820752 PMCID: PMC7819640 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A microscale biosensing platform using rehydration-mediated swelling of bio-functionalized hydrogel structures and rapid target analyte capture is described. Induced convective flow mitigates diffusion limited incubation times, enabling model assays to be completed in under three minutes. Assay design parameters have been evaluated, revealing fabrication criteria required to tune detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
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28
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Zoratto N, Di Lisa D, de Rutte J, Sakib MN, Alves e Silva AR, Tamayol A, Di Carlo D, Khademhosseini A, Sheikhi A. In situ forming microporous gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel scaffolds from thermostable microgels for tissue engineering. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10180. [PMID: 33005742 PMCID: PMC7510466 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Converting biopolymers to extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic hydrogel-based scaffolds has provided invaluable opportunities to design in vitro models of tissues/diseases and develop regenerative therapies for damaged tissues. Among biopolymers, gelatin and its crosslinkable derivatives, such as gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), have gained significant importance for biomedical applications due to their ECM-mimetic properties. Recently, we have developed the first class of in situ forming GelMA microporous hydrogels based on the chemical annealing of physically crosslinked GelMA microscale beads (microgels), which addressed several key shortcomings of bulk (nanoporous) GelMA scaffolds, including lack of interconnected micron-sized pores to support on-demand three-dimensional-cell seeding and cell-cell interactions. Here, we address one of the limitations of in situ forming microporous GelMA hydrogels, that is, the thermal instability (melting) of their physically crosslinked building blocks at physiological temperature, resulting in compromised microporosity. To overcome this challenge, we developed a two-step fabrication strategy in which thermostable GelMA microbeads were produced via semi-photocrosslinking, followed by photo-annealing to form stable microporous scaffolds. We show that the semi-photocrosslinking step (exposure time up to 90 s at an intensity of ~100 mW/cm2 and a wavelength of ~365 nm) increases the thermostability of GelMA microgels while decreasing their scaffold forming (annealing) capability. Hinging on the tradeoff between microgel and scaffold stabilities, we identify the optimal crosslinking condition (exposure time ~60 s) that enables the formation of stable annealed microgel scaffolds. This work is a step forward in engineering in situ forming microporous hydrogels made up from thermostable GelMA microgels for in vitro and in vivo applications at physiological temperature well above the gelatin melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zoratto
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Drug Chemistry and TechnologiesSapienza University of RomaRomeItaly
| | - Donatella Di Lisa
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System EngineeringUniversity of GenovaGenoaItaly
| | - Joseph de Rutte
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Md Nurus Sakib
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiological SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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29
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Han X, Kong T, Zhu P, Wang L. Microfluidic Encapsulation of Phase-Change Materials for High Thermal Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8165-8173. [PMID: 32575990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of phase-change materials (PCMs) can prevent leakage of PCMs and enhance heat transfer with an increased surface area to volume ratio and thus benefit their pragmatic applications. However, the available methods have difficulties in microencapsulating PCMs with a tunable size, structure, and composition at will, thereby failing to accurately and flexibly tailor the thermal properties of microencapsulated PCMs (MEPCMs). Here, the microfluidic encapsulation of PCMs was presented for precisely fabricating MEPCMs with tunable thermal properties. The versatile fabrication of both organic and inorganic MEPCMs was demonstrated with high monodispersity, energy storage capacity, encapsulation efficiency, thermal stability, reliability, and heat charging and discharging rates. Notably, the inorganic MEPCMs exhibit an energy storage capacity of 269.3 J/g and a charging rate of 294.7 J/(g min), surpassing previously reported values. Owing to their high thermal performance, MEPCMs have been used for anticounterfeit applications. Droplet-based microfluidic fabrication opens up a new avenue for versatile fabrication of MEPCMs with well-tailored thermal properties, thus benefitting their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 51800,China
| | - Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Oliveira B, Veigas B, Fernandes AR, Águas H, Martins R, Fortunato E, Baptista PV. Fast Prototyping Microfluidics: Integrating Droplet Digital Lamp for Absolute Quantification of Cancer Biomarkers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1624. [PMID: 32183359 PMCID: PMC7146133 DOI: 10.3390/s20061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic (MF) advancements have been leveraged toward the development of state-of-the-art platforms for molecular diagnostics, where isothermal amplification schemes allow for further simplification of DNA detection and quantification protocols. The MF integration with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is today the focus of a new generation of chip-based devices for molecular detection, aiming at fast and automated nucleic acid analysis. Here, we combined MF with droplet digital LAMP (ddLAMP) on an all-in-one device that allows for droplet generation, target amplification, and absolute quantification. This multilayer 3D chip was developed in less than 30 minutes by using a low-cost and extremely adaptable production process that exploits direct laser writing technology in "Shrinky-dinks" polystyrene sheets. ddLAMP and target quantification were performed directly on-chip, showing a high correlation between target concentration and positive droplet score. We validated this integrated chip via the amplification of targets ranging from five to 500,000 copies/reaction. Furthermore, on-chip amplification was performed in a 10 µL volume, attaining a limit of detection of five copies/µL under 60 min. This technology was applied to quantify a cancer biomarker, c-MYC, but it can be further extended to any other disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Oliveira
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bruno Veigas
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- i3N|CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Águas
- i3N|CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N|CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N|CENIMAT, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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31
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UV-Cured Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate/Carbon Nanostructure Thin Films. Preparation, Characterization, and Electrical Properties. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanoallotropes such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives have been combined with a plethora of polymers in the last years to develop new composite materials with interesting properties and applications. However, the area of photopolymer composites with carbon nanostructures has not been analogously explored. In the present article, we study the photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) enriched with different carbon nanoallotropes like graphene, pristine and chemically modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs and fCNTs), and a hybrid of graphene and CNTs. The products were characterized by several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and the electrical conductivity was studied as a function of the concentrations of carbon nanoallotropes. In general, stable thin films were produced with a concentration of carbon nanostructures up to 8.5%, although the addition of carbon nanostructures in PEGDA decreases the degree of photopolymerization, and PEDGA/carbon nanostructure composites showed electrical conductivity at a relatively low percentage.
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32
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Daly AC, Riley L, Segura T, Burdick JA. Hydrogel microparticles for biomedical applications. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2020; 5:20-43. [PMID: 34123409 PMCID: PMC8191408 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) are promising for biomedical applications, ranging from the therapeutic delivery of cells and drugs to the production of scaffolds for tissue repair and bioinks for 3D printing. Biologics (cells and drugs) can be encapsulated into HMPs of predefined shapes and sizes using a variety of fabrication techniques (batch emulsion, microfluidics, lithography, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) spraying and mechanical fragmentation). HMPs can be formulated in suspensions to deliver therapeutics, as aggregates of particles (granular hydrogels) to form microporous scaffolds that promote cell infiltration or embedded within a bulk hydrogel to obtain multiscale behaviours. HMP suspensions and granular hydrogels can be injected for minimally invasive delivery of biologics, and they exhibit modular properties when comprised of mixtures of distinct HMP populations. In this Review, we discuss the fabrication techniques that are available for fabricating HMPs, as well as the multiscale behaviours of HMP systems and their functional properties, highlighting their advantages over traditional bulk hydrogels. Furthermore, we discuss applications of HMPs in the fields of cell delivery, drug delivery, scaffold design and biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Daly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Andrew C. Daly, Lindsay Riley
| | - Lindsay Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Andrew C. Daly, Lindsay Riley
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Dermatology and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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33
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Bui HK, Seo TS. A micrometer head integrated microfluidic device for facile droplet size control and automatic measurement of a droplet size. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:306-310. [PMID: 31785603 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel microfluidic droplet generator is proposed, which can control the droplet size through turning an integrated micrometer head with ease, and the size of the produced micro-droplet can be automatically and real-time monitored by an open-sourced software and off-the-shelf hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Khang Bui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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34
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Slutzky M, Stone HA, Nunes JK. A quantitative study of the effect of flow on the photopolymerization of fibers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9553-9564. [PMID: 31714571 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed-UV light in the continuous flow of a photo-crosslinkable liquid can result in gelation and is a useful method to produce soft microfibers with uniform sizes. With modeling and experiments, we characterize some aspects of this fiber fabrication process. We model the spatial concentration profiles of radical species and molecular oxygen in the flow direction during light exposure, and predict the critical conditions for the onset of fiber formation and compare these predictions with experimental observations. We also characterize the different regimes of microfiber production (no polymerization, non-uniform fibers, and uniform microfibers), qualitatively characterize the rigidity of the fibers, and demonstrate that we can predictably control the length of the produced microfibers for a range of process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Slutzky
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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35
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Bisht J, LeValley P, Noren B, McBride R, Kharkar P, Kloxin A, Gatlin J, Oakey J. Light-inducible activation of cell cycle progression in Xenopus egg extracts under microfluidic confinement. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3499-3511. [PMID: 31544194 PMCID: PMC7819639 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free Xenopus egg extract is a widely used and biochemically tractable model system that allows recapitulation and elucidation of fundamental cellular processes. Recently, the introduction of microfluidic extract manipulation has enabled compartmentalization of bulk extract and a newfound ability to study organelles on length scales that recapitulate key features of cellular morphology. While the microfluidic confinement of extracts has produced a compelling platform for the in vitro study of cell processes at physiologically-relevant length scales, it also imposes experimental limitations by restricting dynamic control over extract properties. Here, we introduce photodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels as a vehicle to passively and selectively manipulate extract composition through the release of proteins encapsulated within the hydrogel matrix. Photopatterned PEG hydrogels, passive to both extract and encapsulated proteins, serve as protein depots within microfluidic channels, which are subsequently flooded with extract. Illumination by ultraviolet light (UV) degrades the hydrogel structures and releases encapsulated protein. We show that an engineered fluorescent protein with a nuclear localization signal (GST-GFP-NLS) retains its ability to localize within nearby nuclei following UV-induced release from hydrogel structures. When diffusion is considered, the kinetics of nuclear accumulation are similar to those in experiments utilizing conventional, bulk fluid handling. Similarly, the release of recombinant cyclin B Δ90, a mutant form of the master cell cycle regulator cyclin B which lacks the canonical destruction box, was able to induce the expected cell cycle transition from interphase to mitosis. This transition was confirmed by the observation of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), a phenomenological hallmark of mitosis, and the induction of mitosis-specific biochemical markers. This approach to extract manipulation presents a versatile and customizable route to regulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of cellular events in microfluidically confined cell-free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Paige LeValley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Benjamin Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Ralph McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Prathamesh Kharkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - April Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Jesse Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Sharifi F, Patel BB, McNamara MC, Meis PJ, Roghair MN, Lu M, Montazami R, Sakaguchi DS, Hashemi NN. Photo-Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogels: Spherical Microparticles to Bow Tie-Shaped Microfibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18797-18807. [PMID: 31042026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bow tie-shaped fibers and spherical microparticles with controlled dimensions and shapes were fabricated with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogel utilizing hydrodynamic shear principles and a photopolymerization strategy under a microfluidic regime. Decreasing the flow rate ratio between the core and sheath fluids from 25 (50:2) to 1.25 (100:80) resulted in increasing the particles size and reducing the production rate by 357 and 86%, respectively. The width of the fibers increased by a factor of 1.4 when the flow rate ratio was reduced from 2.5 to 1 due to the decrease of the shear force at the fluid/fluid interface. The stress at break and Young's modulus of the fibers were enhanced by 32 and 63%, respectively, when the sheath-to-core flow rate ratio decreased from 100:40 to 100:80. The fiber fabrication was simulated using the finite element method, and the numerical and experimental results were in agreement. Adult hippocampal stem/progenitor cells and bone-marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells were seeded onto the fibrous scaffolds in vitro, and cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were investigated. Microgrooves on the fibers' surface were shown to positively affect cell adhesion when compared to flat fibers and planar controls.
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37
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Engineering functional hydrogel microparticle interfaces by controlled oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:371-375. [PMID: 31079030 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel microparticles for the detection of bioactive macromolecules were fabricated via oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization in a droplet microfluidic device. Hydrogel network functionalization and architecture were characterized using a biotin-avidin binding assay, which revealed radial network inhomogeneities dependent on exposure conditions. Empirical results were corroborated using a reaction-diffusion model, describing the effects of exposure intensity on the spatial photopolymerization kinetics and resulting polymeric mesh network. The combination of finely controlled exposure conditions and predictive simulations enables the generation of tailored particles with microengineered interfaces and gradients in crosslinking density, which dictate solute diffusivity and elasticity, augmenting the utility of this approach in engineering multifunctional, size-excluding hydrogel particles for multiplexed biomolecular sensing.
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38
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Debroy D, Liu J, Li-Oakey K, Oakey J. Structured Hydrogel Particles With Nanofabricated Interfaces via Controlled Oxygen Inhibition. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:253-256. [PMID: 30892223 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2905489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been engineered for a variety of biomedical applications, including biosensing, drug delivery, cell delivery, and tissue engineering. The fabrication of hydrogels into nanoscale and microscale particles has been a subject of intense activity and promises to extend their range of applicability. As hydrogels are reduced in size, their interfacial properties represent an increasingly significant contribution to their function and behavior. Hydrogel microparticle-based biosensing and drug delivery platforms, for instance, requires delicate spatial control over the conjugation of biofunctional groups and network architecture, which impacts their mechanical properties and molecular permeability and diffusivity. Here, we demonstrate the ability to tune, with extraordinary precision, the interfacial properties of PEGDA particles generated in a droplet microfluidic device exploiting oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization. We demonstrate the broad utility of these engineered microgels by creating spherical particles with complex but predictable radial crosslinking density gradients. Immunoassays were conducted to examine the network properties of these particles, revealing a high degree of structural tenability, which, in turn, dictates macromolecule encapsulation and release profiles, as well as the presence of radial crosslinking gradients that impact the availability of functional groups.
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39
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Jiang Z, Shaha R, Jiang K, McBride R, Frick C, Oakey J. Composite Hydrogels With Controlled Degradation in 3D Printed Scaffolds. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:261-264. [PMID: 30892230 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2905510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Controlled cell delivery has shown some promising outcomes compared with traditional cell delivery approaches over the past decades, and strategies focused on optimization or engineering of controlled cell delivery have been intensively studied. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of a 3D printed hydrogel scaffold infused with degradable PEGPLA/NB composite hydrogel core for controlled cell delivery with improved cell viability and facile tunability. The 3D printed poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) scaffold with specifically designed architectures can provide mechanical support while allowing bidirectional diffusion of small molecules, thus permitting structural integrity and long-term cell viability. Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA), which is highly susceptible to hydrolysis, however, the acrylation reactions it utilizes for chain growth have been reported as toxic to cells. Poly(ethylene glycol) norbornene (PEGNB), validated for its excellent cytocompatibility, was therefore mixed and infused together with PLA-PEG-PLA into the printed PEGDA scaffold. Cells encapsulated microfluidically into PEGNB microspheres and then polymerized within PEGPLA/NB composite hydrogel maintained excellent viability over a week. Controlled cell release was achieved via the manipulation of PEGPLA/NB composition. By increasing PEGNB proportion in the core, cell release was significantly slowed while increasing PLA-PEG-PLA proportion eventually resulted in a very robust cell release within a short time frame. The functionality of released cells was validated by their cell viability and proliferation potential. In summary, we have shown this droplet-microencapsulation technique coupled with composite degradable hydrogel and 3D printing could offer an alternative route for controlled cell delivery.
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40
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Wang FW, Hsu CW, Hsieh CC. Numerical Design and Experimental Realization of a PNIPAM-Based Micro Thermosensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8591-8600. [PMID: 30724551 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers are capable of responding to external stimuli and therefore have been widely used for sensing. However, such applications are often based on naïve designs and cannot achieve the desired performance. In this study, we created a micro thermosensor with temperature-sensitive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel and temperature-insensitive poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel using stop-flow lithography. The thermosensor is a bihydrogel microparticle consisting of a NIPAM-rich section and a NIPAM-poor section. Since the sensor is similar to a bimetallic strip in structure, its deformation can be easily identified to indicate temperature. To gain better control over the sensor performance, a numerical model capable of predicting the thermal behavior of the sensor was also developed. The model simulated the mass transfer and polymerization reaction during the fabrication process to determine the distributions of PNIPAM and PEGDA in the sensor. The information was then applied to predict the sensor deformation at various temperatures. We have used the model to access the effects of sensor geometry and fabrication temperature on the performance of the sensor. The sensor made under the guidelines from the numerical model has a working range between 16 and 55 °C. Except at very large deformation, the thermal response of the microsensor measured in experiments follows closely the numerical prediction. We believe such a numerical model can also be used for developing other applications involving stimuli-responsive polymers such as shape-evolving microparticles and origami-based microstructures. With the small size, ease of use, low manufacturing cost, good biocompatibility, and broad sensing range near physiological condition, the PNIPAM-based micro thermosensor should have strong potential to be used for bio-related applications and in a confined environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
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41
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Castaño AG, García-Díaz M, Torras N, Altay G, Comelles J, Martínez E. Dynamic photopolymerization produces complex microstructures on hydrogels in a moldless approach to generate a 3D intestinal tissue model. Biofabrication 2019; 11:025007. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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LeValley PJ, Tibbitt MW, Noren B, Kharkar P, Kloxin AM, Anseth KS, Toner M, Oakey J. Immunofunctional photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel surfaces for the capture and release of rare cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 174:483-492. [PMID: 30497010 PMCID: PMC6545105 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a central role in cancer metastasis and represent a rich source of data for cancer prognostics and therapeutic guidance. Reliable CTC recovery from whole blood therefore promises a less invasive and more sensitive approach to cancer diagnosis and progression tracking. CTCs, however, are exceedingly rare in whole blood, making their quantitative recovery challenging. Several techniques capable of isolating these rare cells have been introduced and validated, yet most suffer from low CTC purity or viability, both of which are essential to develop a clinically viable CTC isolation platform. To address these limitations, we introduce a patterned, immunofunctional, photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel capture surface for the isolation and selective release of rare cell populations. Flat and herringbone capture surfaces were successfully patterned via PDMS micromolding and photopolymerization of photolabile PEG hydrogels. Patterned herringbone surfaces, designed to convectively transport cells to the capture surface, exhibited improved capture density relative to flat surfaces for target cell capture from buffer, buffy coat, and whole blood. Uniquely, captured cells were released for collection by degrading the hydrogel capture surface with either bulk or targeted irradiation with cytocompatible doses of long wavelength UV light. Recovered cells remained viable following capture and release and exhibited similar growth rates as untreated control cells. The implementation of molded photodegradable PEG hydrogels as a CTC capture surface provides a micropatternable, cytocompatible platform that imparts the unique ability to recover pure, viable CTC samples by selectively releasing target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J LeValley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder,Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ben Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Prathamesh Kharkar
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder,Boulder, CO 80309, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Mehmet Toner
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.
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43
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Sheikhi A, de Rutte J, Haghniaz R, Akouissi O, Sohrabi A, Di Carlo D, Khademhosseini A. Microfluidic-enabled bottom-up hydrogels from annealable naturally-derived protein microbeads. Biomaterials 2019; 192:560-568. [PMID: 30530245 PMCID: PMC6400213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Naturally-derived proteins, such as collagen, elastin, fibroin, and gelatin (denatured collagen) hold a remarkable promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), synthesized from the methacryloyl modification of gelatin, mimicking the structure of extracellular matrix, has widely been used as a universal multi-responsive scaffold for a broad spectrum of applications, spanning from cell therapy to bioprinting and organoid development. Despite the widespread applications of GelMA, coupled stiffness and porosity has inhibited its applications in 3D cellular engineering wherein a stiff scaffold with large pores is demanded (e.g., at concentrations >10 wt%). Taking advantage of the orthogonal thermo-chemical responsivity of GelMA, we have developed microfluidic-assisted annealable GelMA beads, that are first stabilized by temperature-mediated physical crosslinking, flowed to form a scaffold structure, and then chemically annealed using light to fabricate novel bead-based 3D GelMA scaffolds with high mechanical resilience. We show how beaded GelMA (B-GelMA) provides a self-standing microporous environment with an orthogonal void fraction and stiffness, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and rapid 3D seeding at a high polymer concentration (∼20 wt%) that would otherwise be impossible for bulk GelMA. B-GelMA, decorated with methacryloyl and arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide motifs, does not require additional functionalization for annealing and cell adhesion, providing a versatile biorthogonal platform with orthogonal stiffness and porosity for a myriad of biomedical applications. This technology provides a universal method to convert polymeric materials with orthogonal physico-chemical responsivity to modular platforms, opening a new horizon for converting bulk hydrogels to beaded hydrogels (B-hydrogels) with decoupled porosity and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph de Rutte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Outman Akouissi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California - Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California - Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Aguirre-Soto A, Kim S, Kaastrup K, Sikes HD. On the role of N-vinylpyrrolidone in the aqueous radical-initiated copolymerization with PEGDA mediated by eosin Y in the presence of O2. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A ground-state complex between eosin and N-vinylpyrrolidone impacts the photo-initiated synthesis of PEG hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Aguirre-Soto
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Kaja Kaastrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Program in Polymers and Soft Matter
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45
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Gao Y, Hou M, Yang R, Zhang L, Xu Z, Kang Y, Xue P. Transdermal delivery of therapeutics through dissolvable gelatin/sucrose films coated on PEGDA microneedle arrays with improved skin permeability. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7515-7524. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles are primarily designed for enhancing transdermal drug delivery in a minimally invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Mengmeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Ruihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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46
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Jiang Z, Jiang K, McBride R, Oakey JS. Comparative cytocompatibility of multiple candidate cell types to photoencapsulation in PEGNB/PEGDA macroscale or microscale hydrogels. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:065012. [PMID: 30191888 PMCID: PMC6215765 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aadf9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of live cells into photopolymerized hydrogel scaffolds has the potential to augment or repair tissue defects, establish versatile regenerative medicine strategies, and be developed as well-defined, yet tunable microenvironments to study fundamental cellular behavior. However, hydrogel fabrication limitations constrain most studies to macroscale hydrogel scaffolds encapsulating millions of cells. These macroscale materials possess regions of heterogeneous photopolymerization conditions and are therefore poor platforms to identify the response of individual cells to encapsulation. Recently, microfluidic droplet-based hydrogel miniaturization and cell encapsulation offers high-throughput, reproducible, and continuous fabrication. Reports of post-encapsulation cell viability, however, vary widely among specific techniques. Furthermore, different cell types often exhibit different level of tolerance to photoencapsulation-induced toxicity. Accordingly, we evaluate the cellular tolerance of various encapsulation techniques and photopolymerization parameters for four mammalian cell types, with potential applications in tissue regeneration, using polyethylene glycol diacrylate or polyethylene glycol norbornene (PEGNB) hydrogels on micro- and macro-length scales. We found PEGNB provides excellent cellular tolerance and supports long-term cell survival by mitigating the deleterious effects of acrylate photopolymerization, which are exacerbated at diminishing volumes. PEGNB, therefore, is an excellent candidate for hydrogel miniaturization. PEGNB hydrogel properties, however, were found to have variable effects on encapsulating different cell candidates. This study could provide guidance for cell encapsulation practices in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, United States of America
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47
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LeValley PJ, Noren B, Kharkar PM, Kloxin AM, Gatlin JC, Oakey JS. Fabrication of Functional Biomaterial Microstructures by in Situ Photopolymerization and Photodegradation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3078-3087. [PMID: 31984222 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The in situ fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel microstructures within poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic networks is a versatile technique that has enabled unique applications in biosensing, medical diagnostics, and the fundamental life sciences. Hydrogel structures have previously been patterned by the lithographic photopolymerization of PEGDA hydrogel forming solutions, a process that is confounded by oxygen-permeable PDMS. Here, we introduce an alternate PEG patterning technique that relies upon the optical sculpting of features by patterned light-induced erosion of photodegradable PEGDA deemed negative projection lithography. We quantitatively compared the hydrogel micropatterning fidelity of negative projection lithography to positive projection lithography, using traditional PEGDA photopolymerization, within PDMS devices. We found that the channel depth, the local oxygen atmosphere, and the UV exposure time dictated the size and resolution of hydrogel features formed using positive projection lithography. In contrast, negative projection lithography was observed to deliver high-resolution functional features with dimensions on the order of single micrometers enabled by its facilely controlled mechanism of feature formation that is insensitive to oxygen. Next, the utility of photodegradable PEGDA was further assessed by encapsulating or conjugating bioactive molecules within photodegradable PEG matrixes to provide a route to the formation of complex and dynamically reconfigurable chemical microenvironments. Finally, we demonstrated that negative projection lithography enabled photopatterning of multilayered microscale objects without the need for precise mask alignment. The described approach for photopatterning high-resolution photolabile hydrogel microstructures directly within PDMS microchannels could enable novel microsystems of increasing complexity and sophistication for a variety of clinical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J LeValley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Ben Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Prathamesh M Kharkar
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jesse C Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - John S Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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48
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Beneyton T, Krafft D, Bednarz C, Kleineberg C, Woelfer C, Ivanov I, Vidaković-Koch T, Sundmacher K, Baret JC. Out-of-equilibrium microcompartments for the bottom-up integration of metabolic functions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2391. [PMID: 29921909 PMCID: PMC6008305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-sustained metabolic pathways in microcompartments are the corner-stone for living systems. From a technological viewpoint, such pathways are a mandatory prerequisite for the reliable design of artificial cells functioning out-of-equilibrium. Here we develop a microfluidic platform for the miniaturization and analysis of metabolic pathways in man-made microcompartments formed of water-in-oil droplets. In a modular approach, we integrate in the microcompartments a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent enzymatic reaction and a NAD-regeneration module as a minimal metabolism. We show that the microcompartments sustain a metabolically active state until the substrate is fully consumed. Reversibly, the external addition of the substrate reboots the metabolic activity of the microcompartments back to an active state. We therefore control the metabolic state of thousands of independent monodisperse microcompartments, a step of relevance for the construction of large populations of metabolically active artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beneyton
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Dorothee Krafft
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Bednarz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christin Kleineberg
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Woelfer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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49
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Interfacially-mediated oxygen inhibition for precise and continuous poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) particle fabrication. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 510:334-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Leijten J, Seo J, Yue K, Santiago GTD, Tamayol A, Ruiz-Esparza GU, Shin SR, Sharifi R, Noshadi I, Álvarez MM, Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A. Spatially and Temporally Controlled Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2017; 119:1-35. [PMID: 29200661 PMCID: PMC5708586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the field of hydrogel-based biomaterials. One of the most prominent revolutions in this field has been the integration of elements or techniques that enable spatial and temporal control over hydrogels' properties and functions. Here, we critically review the emerging progress of spatiotemporal control over biomaterial properties towards the development of functional engineered tissue constructs. Specifically, we will highlight the main advances in the spatial control of biomaterials, such as surface modification, microfabrication, photo-patterning, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, as well as advances in the temporal control of biomaterials, such as controlled release of molecules, photocleaving of proteins, and controlled hydrogel degradation. We believe that the development and integration of these techniques will drive the engineering of next-generation engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kan Yue
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, MIT, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guillermo U. Ruiz-Esparza
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roholah Sharifi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Iman Noshadi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mario Moisés Álvarez
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, MIT, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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