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Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Kalashgrani MY, Gholami A, Mazaheri Y, Riazi M, Kurniawan D, Arjmand M, Madkhali O, Aljabri MD, Rahman MM, Chiang WH. Bioresource Polymer Composite for Energy Generation and Storage: Developments and Trends. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202200266. [PMID: 36995072 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand of human society for clean and reliable energy sources spurred a substantial academic interest in exploring the potential of biological resources for developing energy generation and storage systems. As a result, alternative energy sources are needed in populous developing countries to compensate for energy deficits in an environmentally sustainable manner. This review aims to evaluate and summarize the recent progress in bio-based polymer composites (PCs) for energy generation and storage. The articulated review provides an overview of energy storage systems, e. g., supercapacitors and batteries, and discusses the future possibilities of various solar cells (SCs), using both past research progress and possible future developments as a basis for discussion. These studies examine systematic and sequential advances in different generations of SCs. Developing novel PCs that are efficient, stable, and cost-effective is of utmost importance. In addition, the current state of high-performance equipment for each of the technologies is evaluated in detail. We also discuss the prospects, future trends, and opportunities regarding using bioresources for energy generation and storage, as well as the development of low-cost and efficient PCs for SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106335, Taiwan
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Yousef Mazaheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946-84334, Iran
| | - Mohsen Riazi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106335, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - O Madkhali
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood D Aljabri
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry & Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106335, Taiwan
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2
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Jia G, Yu Y, Wang X, Jia C, Hu Z, Yu S, Xiang H, Zhu M. Highly conductive and porous lignin-derived carbon fibers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5847-5858. [PMID: 37849349 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based carbon fibers derived from lignin have gained significant attention due to their diverse and renewable sources, ease of extraction, and low cost. However, the current limitations of low specific surface area and insufficient electrical conductivity hinder the widespread application of lignin-derived carbon fibers (LCFs). In this work, highly conductive and porous LCFs are developed through melt-blowing, pretreatment, and carbonization processes. The effects of the carbonization temperature and heating rate on the structures and properties of the LCFs are systematically investigated. The resultant LCFs exhibit high electrical conductivity (71 400 S m-1) and a large specific surface area (923 m2 g-1). The assembled lithium-ion battery based on the LCF anodes demonstrates a long cycle life of >800 cycles and a high specific capacity of 466 mA h g-1. The findings of this study hold practical significance for promoting the utilization of lignin in the fields of energy storage, adsorption, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xuefen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Senlong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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3
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Li W, Shi J. Lignin-derived carbon material for electrochemical energy storage applications: Insight into the process-structure-properties-performance correlations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1121027. [PMID: 37008027 PMCID: PMC10063803 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As increasing attention has been paid to applications of lignin-derived energy storage materials in the last decade, most studies pursue the improvement of electrochemical performance obtained from novel lignin sources, or structure and surface modifications of synthesized materials, while the study on the mechanisms of lignin thermochemical conversion is rare. This review emphasizes on establishing a process-structure-properties-performance correlation across multiple key aspects associated with valorizing lignin from a byproduct of biorefineries to high performance energy storage materials. Such information is the key to a rationally designed process for the low-cost production of carbon materials from lignin.
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Banitaba SN, Ebadi SV, Salimi P, Bagheri A, Gupta A, Arifeen WU, Chaudhary V, Mishra YK, Kaushik A, Mostafavi E. Biopolymer-based electrospun fibers in electrochemical devices: versatile platform for energy, environment, and health monitoring. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2914-2948. [PMID: 36226580 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical power tools are regarded as essential keys in a world that is becoming increasingly reliant on fossil fuels in order to meet the challenges of rapidly depleting fossil fuel supplies. Additionally, due to the industrialization of societies and the growth of diseases, the need for sensitive, reliable, inexpensive, and portable sensors and biosensors for noninvasive monitoring of human health and environmental pollution is felt more than ever before. In recent decades, electrospun fibers have emerged as promising candidates for the fabrication of highly efficient electrochemical devices, such as actuators, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and biosensors. Meanwhile, the use of synthetic polymers in the fabrication of versatile electrochemical devices has raised environmental concerns, leading to an increase in the quest for natural polymers. Natural polymers are primarily derived from microorganisms and plants. Despite the challenges of processing bio-based electrospun fibers, employing natural nanofibers in the fabrication of electrochemical devices has garnered tremendous attention in recent years. Here, various natural polymers and the strategies employed to fabricate various electrospun biopolymers are briefly covered. The recent advances and research strategies used to apply the bio-based electrospun membranes in different electrochemical devices are carefully summarized, along with the scopes in various advanced technologies. A comprehensive and critical discussion about the use of biopolymer-based electrospun fibers as the potential alternative to non-renewable ones in future technologies is briefly highlighted. This review will serve as a field opening platform for using different biopolymer-based electrospun fibers to advance the electrochemical device-based renewable and sustainable technologies, which will be of high interest to a large community. Accordingly, future studies should focus on feasible and cost-effective extraction of biopolymers from natural resources as well as fabrication of high-performance nanofibrous biopolymer-based components applicable in various electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nooshin Banitaba
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 159163-4311, Iran.
| | - Seyed Vahid Ebadi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Pejman Salimi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Ahmad Bagheri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universitate Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Waqas Ul Arifeen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110043, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Smart Materials, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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5
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Electrospun carbon nanofibres: Preparation, characterization and application for adsorption of pollutants from water and air. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Lignin-Based Porous Biomaterials for Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040747. [PMID: 35453497 PMCID: PMC9024639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, lignin-based porous biomaterials have been found to have strong potential applications in the areas of drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, pharmaceutical excipients, biosensors, and medical devices. Lignin-based porous biomaterials have the addition of lignin obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin as an aromatic compound is likely to modify the materials’ mechanical properties, thermal properties, antioxidant, antibacterial property, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. The size, shape, and distribution of pores can determine the materials’ porous structure, porosity, surface areas, permeability, porosity, water solubility, and adsorption ability. These features could be suitable for medical applications, especially controlled drug delivery systems, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status and future potential of lignin-based porous materials for medical and pharmaceutical uses, focusing on material types, key properties, approaches and techniques of modification and fabrication, and promising medical applications.
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7
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Chauhan PS, Agrawal R, Satlewal A, Kumar R, Gupta RP, Ramakumar SSV. Next generation applications of lignin derived commodity products, their life cycle, techno-economics and societal analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 197:179-200. [PMID: 34968542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pulp and biorefining industries produce their waste as lignin, which is one of the most abundant renewable resources. So far, lignin has been remained severely underutilized and generally burnt in a boiler as a low-value fuel. To demonstrate lignin's potential as a value-added product, we will review market opportunities for lignin related applications by utilizing the thermo-chemical/biological depolymerization strategies (with or without catalysts) and their comparative evaluation. The application of lignin and its derived aromatics in various sectors such as cement industry, bitumen modifier, energy materials, agriculture, nanocomposite, biomedical, H2 source, biosensor and bioimaging have been summarized. This comprehensive review article also highlights the technical, economic, environmental, and socio-economic variable that affect the market value of lignin-derived by-products. The review shows the importance of lignin, and its derived products are a platform for future bioeconomy and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakram Singh Chauhan
- DBT - IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India.
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- DBT - IOC Advanced Bio Energy Research Center, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India; TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI Gram, Gurugram, India.
| | - Alok Satlewal
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India.
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India.
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - S S V Ramakumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
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8
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Lizundia E, Sipponen MH, Greca LG, Balakshin M, Tardy BL, Rojas OJ, Puglia D. Multifunctional lignin-based nanocomposites and nanohybrids. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:6698-6760. [PMID: 34671223 PMCID: PMC8452181 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress in lignins valorization and development of high-performance sustainable materials have been achieved in recent years. Reports related to lignin utilization indicate excellent prospects considering green chemistry, chemical engineering, energy, materials and polymer science, physical chemistry, biochemistry, among others. To fully realize such potential, one of the most promising routes involves lignin uses in nanocomposites and nanohybrid assemblies, where synergistic interactions are highly beneficial. This review first discusses the interfacial assembly of lignins with polysaccharides, proteins and other biopolymers, for instance, in the synthesis of nanocomposites. To give a wide perspective, we consider the subject of hybridization with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as uses as precursor of carbon materials and the assembly with other biobased nanoparticles, for instance to form nanohybrids. We provide cues to understand the fundamental aspects related to lignins, their self-assembly and supramolecular organization, all of which are critical in nanocomposites and nanohybrids. We highlight the possibilities of lignin in the fields of flame retardancy, food packaging, plant protection, electroactive materials, energy storage and health sciences. The most recent outcomes are evaluated given the importance of lignin extraction, within established and emerging biorefineries. We consider the benefit of lignin compared to synthetic counterparts. Bridging the gap between fundamental and application-driven research, this account offers critical insights as far as the potential of lignin as one of the frontrunners in the uptake of bioeconomy concepts and its application in value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao 48013 Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 16C SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Luiz G Greca
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia Strada di Pentima 4 05100 Terni Italy
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Hu W, Xiang R, Lin J, Cheng Y, Lu C. Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors: An Overview. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4571. [PMID: 34443094 PMCID: PMC8401572 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for high-performance electronic devices in smart textiles, various types of flexible/wearable electronic device (i.e., supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, etc.) have emerged regularly. As one of the most promising wearable devices, flexible supercapacitors from a variety of electrode materials have been developed. In particular, carbon materials from lignocellulosic biomass precursor have the characteristics of low cost, natural abundance, high specific surface area, excellent electrochemical stability, etc. Moreover, their chemical structures usually contain a large number of heteroatomic groups, which greatly contribute to the capacitive performance of the corresponding flexible supercapacitors. This review summarizes the working mechanism, configuration of flexible electrodes, conversion of lignocellulosic biomass-derived carbon electrodes, and their corresponding electrochemical properties in flexible/wearable supercapacitors. Technology challenges and future research trends will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China; (W.H.); (R.X.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruifang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China; (W.H.); (R.X.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiaxian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China; (W.H.); (R.X.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China; (W.H.); (R.X.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China; (W.H.); (R.X.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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10
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Banitaba SN, Ehrmann A. Application of Electrospun Nanofibers for Fabrication of Versatile and Highly Efficient Electrochemical Devices: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1741. [PMID: 34073391 PMCID: PMC8197972 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical devices convert chemical reactions into electrical energy or, vice versa, electricity into a chemical reaction. While batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, solar cells, and sensors belong to the galvanic cells based on the first reaction, electrolytic cells are based on the reversed process and used to decompose chemical compounds by electrolysis. Especially fuel cells, using an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen with an oxidizing agent to produce electricity, and electrolytic cells, e.g., used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, are of high interest in the ongoing search for production and storage of renewable energies. This review sheds light on recent developments in the area of electrospun electrochemical devices, new materials, techniques, and applications. Starting with a brief introduction into electrospinning, recent research dealing with electrolytic cells, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electrochemical solar cells, and electrochemical sensors is presented. The paper concentrates on the advantages of electrospun nanofiber mats for these applications which are mostly based on their high specific surface area and the possibility to tailor morphology and material properties during the spinning and post-treatment processes. It is shown that several research areas dealing with electrospun parts of electrochemical devices have already reached a broad state-of-the-art, while other research areas have large space for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Zhu JY, Agarwal UP, Ciesielski PN, Himmel ME, Gao R, Deng Y, Morits M, Österberg M. Towards sustainable production and utilization of plant-biomass-based nanomaterials: a review and analysis of recent developments. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 33957955 PMCID: PMC8101122 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-biomass-based nanomaterials have attracted great interest recently for their potential to replace petroleum-sourced polymeric materials for sustained economic development. However, challenges associated with sustainable production of lignocellulosic nanoscale polymeric materials (NPMs) need to be addressed. Producing materials from lignocellulosic biomass is a value-added proposition compared with fuel-centric approach. This report focuses on recent progress made in understanding NPMs-specifically lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and cellulosic nanomaterials (CNMs)-and their sustainable production. Special attention is focused on understanding key issues in nano-level deconstruction of cell walls and utilization of key properties of the resultant NPMs to allow flexibility in production to promote sustainability. Specifically, suitable processes for producing LNPs and their potential for scaled-up production, along with the resultant LNP properties and prospective applications, are discussed. In the case of CNMs, terminologies such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) used in the literature are examined. The term cellulose nano-whiskers (CNWs) is used here to describe a class of CNMs that has a morphology similar to CNCs but without specifying its crystallinity, because most applications of CNCs do not need its crystalline characteristic. Additionally, progress in enzymatic processing and drying of NPMs is also summarized. Finally, the report provides some perspective of future research that is likely to result in commercialization of plant-based NPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Umesh P Agarwal
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Runan Gao
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Morits
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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12
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Lignin to Materials: A Focused Review on Recent Novel Lignin Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, advancements in lignin application include the synthesis of polymers, dyes, adhesives and fertilizers. There has recently been a shift from perceiving lignin as a waste product to viewing lignin as a potential raw material for valuable products. More recently, considerable attention has been placed in sectors, like the medical, electrochemical, and polymer sectors, where lignin can be significantly valorized. Despite some technical challenges in lignin recovery and depolymerization, lignin is viewed as a promising material due to it being biocompatible, cheap, and abundant in nature. In the medical sector, lignins can be used as wound dressings, pharmaceuticals, and drug delivery materials. They can also be used for electrochemical energy materials and 3D printing lignin–plastic composite materials. This review covers the recent research progress in lignin valorization, specifically focusing on medical, electrochemical, and 3D printing applications. The technoeconomic assessment of lignin application is also discussed.
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13
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Wang L, Borghei M, Ishfaq A, Lahtinen P, Ago M, Papageorgiou AC, Lundahl MJ, Johansson LS, Kallio T, Rojas OJ. Mesoporous Carbon Microfibers for Electroactive Materials Derived from Lignocellulose Nanofibrils. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:8549-8561. [PMID: 33282568 PMCID: PMC7706107 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing adoption of biobased materials for electronic, energy conversion, and storage devices has relied on high-grade or refined cellulosic compositions. Herein, lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF), obtained from simple mechanical fibrillation of wood, are proposed as a source of continuous carbon microfibers obtained by wet spinning followed by single-step carbonization at 900 °C. The high lignin content of LCNF (∼28% based on dry mass), similar to that of the original wood, allowed the synthesis of carbon microfibers with a high carbon yield (29%) and electrical conductivity (66 S cm-1). The incorporation of anionic cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) enhanced the spinnability and the porous morphology of the carbon microfibers, making them suitable platforms for electrochemical double layer capacitance (EDLC). The increased loading of LCNF in the spinning dope resulted in carbon microfibers of enhanced carbon yield and conductivity. Meanwhile, TOCNF influenced the pore evolution and specific surface area after carbonization, which significantly improved the electrochemical double layer capacitance. When the carbon microfibers were directly applied as fiber-shaped supercapacitors (25 F cm-3), they displayed a remarkably long-term electrochemical stability (>93% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles). Solid-state symmetric fiber supercapacitors were assembled using a PVA/H2SO4 gel electrolyte and resulted in an energy and power density of 0.25 mW h cm-3 and 65.1 mW cm-3, respectively. Overall, the results indicate a green and facile route to convert wood into carbon microfibers suitable for integration in wearables and energy storage devices and for potential applications in the field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
- E-mail:
| | - Amal Ishfaq
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Panu Lahtinen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland, Biologinkuja 7, Espoo 02044, Finland
| | - Mariko Ago
- School
of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 191-8606, Japan
| | - Anastassios C. Papageorgiou
- Turku
Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and
Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Meri J. Lundahl
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Leena -Sisko Johansson
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
- Departments
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
- E-mail:
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14
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Wang D, Lee SH, Kim J, Park CB. "Waste to Wealth": Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Energy Harvesting/Storage and Environmental Remediation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2807-2827. [PMID: 32180357 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most earth-abundant biopolymer having aromatic unit structures, but it has received less attention than other natural biomaterials. Recent advances in the development of lignin-based materials, such as mesoporous carbon, flexible thin films, and fiber matrix, have found their way into applications to photovoltaic devices, energy-storage systems, mechanical energy harvesters, and catalytic components. In this Review, we summarize and suggest another dimension of lignin valorization as a building block for the synthesis of functional materials in the fields of energy and environmental applications. We cover lignin-based materials in the photovoltaic and artificial photosynthesis for solar energy conversion applications. The most recent technological evolution in lignin-based triboelectric nanogenerators is summarized from its fundamental properties to practical implementations. Lignin-derived catalysts for solar-to-heat conversion and oxygen reduction are discussed. For energy-storage applications, we describe the utilization of lignin-based materials in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors (e.g., electrodes, binders, and separators). We also summarize the use of lignin-based materials as heavy-metal adsorbents for environmental remediation. This Review paves the way to future potentials and opportunities of lignin as a renewable material for energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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15
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Mohazzab B, Jaleh B, Nasrollahzadeh M, Khazalpour S, Sajjadi M, Varma RS. Upgraded Valorization of Biowaste: Laser-Assisted Synthesis of Pd/Calcium Lignosulfonate Nanocomposite for Hydrogen Storage and Environmental Remediation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5888-5899. [PMID: 32226869 PMCID: PMC7098021 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation in liquid (LAL), one of the promising pathways to produce nanoparticles, is used herein for the modification of the abundant biowaste, calcium lignosulfonate (CLS), adorning it with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The ensuing Pd/CLS nanocomposite, fabricated via a simple stirring method, is deployed for hydrogen storage and environmental cleanup studies; a hydrogen storage capacity of about 5.8 C g-1 confirmed that Pd NPs serve as active sites for the adsorption of hydrogen. Additionally, the novel, sustainable, and reusable nanocomposite also exhibits superior catalytic activity toward the reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution in a short time; the synthesized nanocatalyst could be reused for at least eight successive runs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Jaleh
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina
University, Hamedan 65174, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Khazalpour
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838683, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Fabricating carbon nanofibers from a lignin/r-PET blend: the synergy of mass ratio with the average fiber diameter. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Perera Jayawickramage RA, Balkus KJ, Ferraris JP. Binder free carbon nanofiber electrodes derived from polyacrylonitrile-lignin blends for high performance supercapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:355402. [PMID: 31100735 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin was blended with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in different ratios and fabricated into carbon nanofiber electrodes by electrospinning followed by thermal stabilization, carbonization and subsequent activation by CO2 of the carbonized mats. These carbon fiber electrodes exhibit high surface area, high mesoporosity, high graphitic content and high electrical conductivity. Activated carbon nanofiber mats derived from PAN:Lignin 70:30 blends display a surface area of 2370 m2 g-1 with 0.635 cm3 g-1 mesopore volume. These results are due to the selective partial removal of carbonized lignin during the activation step. Coin cell supercapacitors employing these electrodes exhibit 128 Fg-1 specific capacitance, 59 Wh kg-1 energy density and a 15 kW kg-1 power density when operated at 3.5 V using an ionic liquid electrolyte. Since lignin is an inexpensive, abundant, and green polymer, incorporating it into carbon blends enhances the scalability of such materials in energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangana A Perera Jayawickramage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States of America
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18
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Barczak M, Bandosz TJ. Evaluation of nitrogen- and sulfur-doped porous carbon textiles as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Perera Jayawickramage RA, Ferraris JP. High performance supercapacitors using lignin based electrospun carbon nanofiber electrodes in ionic liquid electrolytes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:155402. [PMID: 30645989 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafe95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, free standing and binder-free electrodes were fabricated by electrospinning from a series of lignin: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer blends, followed by heat treatment. PVA has the dual function of facilitating the electrospinning of lignin and acting as a sacrificial polymer. Upon stabilization, carbonization and CO2 activation, carbon nanofibers (ACNF) derived from the lignin:PVA 80:20 blend displayed a high surface area of 2170 m2 g-1 and a mesopore volume of 0.365 cm3 g-1. ACNFs derived from all the compositions show high degrees of graphitization based on Raman analysis. Pyr14TFSI ionic liquid (IL), modified by mixing with propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate to reduce the viscosity and increase the ionic conductivity, was used as a high-performance electrolyte. The resulting IL mixture exhibited a four-fold increase in ionic conductivity compared to the neat IL Coin cell supercapacitors using electrodes derived from lignin:PVA 80:20 blends and this electrolyte displayed 87 F g-1 specific capacitance and 38 Wh kg-1 energy density which is the highest reported energy density for lignin:PVA blends to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangana A Perera Jayawickramage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States of America
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20
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Cho M, Ko FK, Renneckar S. Impact of Thermal Oxidative Stabilization on the Performance of Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofiber Mats. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5345-5355. [PMID: 30949618 PMCID: PMC6443214 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a renewable biopolymer considered as a potential precursor for low-cost carbon materials. Thermal oxidative stabilization (TOS) is an important processing step to maintain fiber geometry during carbonization, yet the impact of TOS on the properties of lignin-based carbon materials has not been clearly identified in the literature. Yield, change in fiber diameter/distribution, elemental composition, and mechanical properties were explored for both stabilized and carbonized lignin fibers. Vibrational spectroscopy and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to analyze the changes in lignin molecular structure after exposure to various heating conditions during the TOS steps. Further, studies were focused on the effects of TOS conditions on the resulting carbon structure of fiber mats through Raman spectroscopy measurements and electrical conductivity analysis. Although TOS conditions influenced the properties of the oxidized lignin fiber mats, properties of the carbonized samples were invariant to the TOS procedures used in this study over most of the conditions. As a result, there was flexibility for the parameters (time and temperature) in the TOS process when conditioning softwood lignin materials for carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Cho
- Advanced
Renewable Materials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science and Advanced Fibrous
Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Frank K. Ko
- Advanced
Renewable Materials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science and Advanced Fibrous
Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced
Renewable Materials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science and Advanced Fibrous
Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4
- E-mail:
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21
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Wang L, Ago M, Borghei M, Ishaq A, Papageorgiou AC, Lundahl M, Rojas OJ. Conductive Carbon Microfibers Derived from Wet-Spun Lignin/Nanocellulose Hydrogels. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2019; 7:6013-6022. [PMID: 30931178 PMCID: PMC6438323 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an eco-friendly process to dramatically simplify carbon microfiber fabrication from biobased materials. The microfibers are first produced by wet-spinning in aqueous calcium chloride solution, which provides rapid coagulation of the hydrogel precursors comprising wood-derived lignin and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF). The thermomechanical performance of the obtained lignin/TOCNF filaments is investigated as a function of cellulose nanofibril orientation (wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS)), morphology (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and density. Following direct carbonization of the filaments at 900 °C, carbon microfibers (CMFs) are obtained with remarkably high yield, up to 41%, at lignin loadings of 70 wt % in the precursor microfibers (compared to 23% yield for those produced in the absence of lignin). Without any thermal stabilization or graphitization steps, the morphology, strength, and flexibility of the CMFs are retained to a large degree compared to those of the respective precursors. The electrical conductivity of the CMFs reach values as high as 103 S cm-1, making them suitable for microelectrodes, fiber-shaped supercapacitors, and wearable electronics. Overall, the cellulose nanofibrils act as structural elements for fast, inexpensive, and environmentally sound wet-spinning while lignin endows CMFs with high carbon yield and electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mariko Ago
- Department of Chemical
and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan
University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5200, United States
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Amal Ishaq
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Meri Lundahl
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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22
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Köhnke J, Rennhofer H, Unterweger C, Gierlinger N, Keckes J, Zollfrank C, Rojas OJ, Gindl-Altmutter W. Electrically-Conductive Sub-Micron Carbon Particles from Lignin: Elucidation of Nanostructure and Use as Filler in Cellulose Nanopapers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E1055. [PMID: 30558292 PMCID: PMC6316020 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon particles were produced from kraft lignin through carbonization of perfectly spherical, sub-micron beads obtained by aerosol flow. The structure of the resulting carbon particles was elucidated and compared to that derived from commercially available technical lignin powder, which is undefined in geometry. In addition to the smaller diameters of the lignin beads (<1 µm) compared to those of the lignin powder (100 µm), the former displayed a slightly higher structural order as revealed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. With regard to potential application in composite structures, the sub-micron carbon beads were clearly advantageous as a filler of cellulose nanopapers, which displayed better mechanical performance but with limited electrical conductivity. Compression sensing was achieved for this nanocomposite system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janea Köhnke
- Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Harald Rennhofer
- Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | | | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jozef Keckes
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität of Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Chair for Biogenic Polymers, Technische Universität München, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter
- Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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23
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Abbati de Assis C, Greca LG, Ago M, Balakshin MY, Jameel H, Gonzalez R, Rojas OJ. Techno-Economic Assessment, Scalability, and Applications of Aerosol Lignin Micro- and Nanoparticles. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2018; 6:11853-11868. [PMID: 30221095 PMCID: PMC6135578 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignin micro- and nanoparticles (LMNPs) synthesized from side-streams of pulp and paper and biorefinery operations have been proposed for the generation of new, high-value materials. As sustainable alternatives to particles of synthetic or mineral origins, LMNPs viability depends on scale-up, manufacturing cost, and applications. By using experimental data as primary source of information, along with industrial know-how, we analyze dry and spherical LMNPs obtained by our recently reported aerosol/atomization method. First, a preliminary evaluation toward the commercial production of LMNPs from industrial lignin precursors is presented. Following, we introduce potential LMNPs applications from a financial perspective. Mass and energy balances, operating costs, and capital investment are estimated and discussed in view of LMNPs scalability prospects. The main potential market segments identified (from a financial perspective) include composite nanofillers, solid foams, emulsion stabilizers, chelating agents, and UV protection. Our technical, financial, and market assessment represent the basis for R&D planning and efforts to lower the risk related to expected industrialization efforts. Manufacturing costs were estimated between 870 and 1170 USD/t; also, minimum selling prices varied from 1240 and 1560 USD/t, depending on raw materials used. Sensitivity analysis indicated that manufacturing cost can be as low as 600 USD/t, depending on the process conditions considered. Finally, based on the financial assessment, potential applications were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Abbati de Assis
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State
University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Luiz G. Greca
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Mariko Ago
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Mikhail Yu. Balakshin
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State
University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Ronalds Gonzalez
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State
University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Phone: +1 919-515-7477. E-mail: (R.W.G.)
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 02150, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, Puumiehenkuja
2, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- Phone: +358-(0)50-512 4227. E-mail: (O.J.R.)
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24
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Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify the research trends related to lignin valorization from 2000 to 2016. The results from this analysis revealed an exponentially increasing number of publications and a high relevance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The simultaneous valorization of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has been revealed as a key aspect and optimal pretreatment is required for the subsequent lignin valorization. Research covers the determination of the lignin structure, isolation, and characterization; depolymerization by thermal and thermochemical methods; chemical, biochemical and biological conversion of depolymerized lignin; and lignin applications. Most methods for lignin depolymerization are focused on the selective cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage. Although many depolymerization methods have been developed, depolymerization with sodium hydroxide is the dominant process at industrial scale. Oxidative conversion of lignin is the most used method for the chemical lignin upgrading. Lignin uses can be classified according to its structure into lignin-derived aromatic compounds, lignin-derived carbon materials and lignin-derived polymeric materials. There are many advances in all approaches, but lignin-derived polymeric materials appear as a promising option.
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25
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Borghei M, Lehtonen J, Liu L, Rojas OJ. Advanced Biomass-Derived Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703691. [PMID: 29205520 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in advanced nanostructures synthesized from biomass resources for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reviewed. The ORR plays a significant role in the performance of numerous energy-conversion devices, including low-temperature hydrogen and alcohol fuel cells, microbial fuel cells, as well as metal-air batteries. The viability of such fuel cells is strongly related to the cost of the electrodes, especially the cathodic ORR electrocatalyst. Hence, inexpensive and abundant plant and animal biomass have become attractive options to obtain electrocatalysts upon conversion into active carbon. Bioresource selection and processing criteria are discussed in light of their influence on the physicochemical properties of the ORR nanostructures. The resulting electrocatalytic activity and durability are introduced and compared to those from conventional Pt/C-based electrocatalysts. These ORR catalysts are also active for oxygen or hydrogen evolution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Janika Lehtonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
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