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Peng Y, Qi Z, Xu Y, Yang X, Cui Y, Sun Q. AMPK and metabolic disorders: The opposite roles of dietary bioactive components and food contaminants. Food Chem 2024; 437:137784. [PMID: 37897819 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
AMPK is a key player in a variety of metabolic and physiological processes, which might be considered one of the most promising targets for both prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases. Many dietary components and contaminants have been recently demonstrated to prevent or promote the development these diseases via AMPK-mediated pathways. AMPK can be activated by diverse phytochemical substances such as EGCG, chicoric acid, tomatidine, and others, all of which have been found to contribute to preventing or ameliorating chronic disorders. On the other hand, recent studies have found that metabolic disruptions induced by pesticides such as 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol, imidacloprid, permethrin, are attributed to the inactivation of AMPK. This review may contribute to the development of functional foods for treatment of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases through modulating AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zexiu Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue Cui
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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Tshivhase AM, Matsha T, Raghubeer S. Resveratrol attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation and improves glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1106. [PMID: 38212345 PMCID: PMC10784549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by impaired glucose and insulin metabolism, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation is linked to the onset and progression of diabetes. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol phytoalexin, is studied in diabetes therapeutics research. This study evaluates the effect of RES on inflammation and glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose. Inflammation and glucose metabolism-related genes were investigated using qPCR. Further, inflammatory genes were analyzed by applying ELISA and Bioplex assays. High glucose significantly increases IKK-α, IKB-α, and NF-kB expression compared to controls. Increased NF-kB expression was followed by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, and COX2. RES treatment significantly reduced the expression of NF-kB, IKK-α, and IKB-α, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. High glucose levels reduced the expression of TGFβ1, while treatment with RES increased the expression of TGFβ1. As glucose levels increased, PEPCK expression was reduced, and GCK expression was increased in HepG2 cells treated with RES. Further, HepG2 cells cultured with high glucose showed significant increases in KLF7 and HIF1A but decreased SIRT1. Moreover, RES significantly increased SIRT1 expression and reduced KLF7 and HIF1A expression levels. Our results indicated that RES could attenuate high glucose-induced inflammation and enhance glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abegail Mukhethwa Tshivhase
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Shanel Raghubeer
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
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Echinacea purpurea Fractions Represent Promising Plant-Based Anti-Inflammatory Formulations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020425. [PMID: 36829986 PMCID: PMC9952182 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory capacity of E. purpurea dichloromethanolic (DE) and ethanolic extracts obtained from flowers and roots (R). To identify the class of compounds responsible for the strongest bioactivity, the extracts were fractionated into phenol/carboxylic acid (F1) and alkylamide fraction (F2). The chemical fingerprint of bioactive compounds in the fractions was evaluated by LC-HRMS. E. purpurea extracts and fractions significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and/or tumor necrosis factor) and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Dichloromethanolic extract obtained from roots (DE-R) demonstrated the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, fractions exhibited greater anti-inflammatory activity than whole extract. Indeed, alkylamides must be the main compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts; thus, the fractions presenting high content of these compounds presented greater bioactivity. It was demonstrated that alkylamides exert their anti-inflammatory activity through the downregulation of the phosphorylation of p38, ERK 1/2, STAT 3, and/or NF-κB signaling pathways, and/or downregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 expression. E. purpurea extracts and fractions, mainly DE-R-F2, are promising and powerful plant-based anti-inflammatory formulations that can be further used as a basis for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Arab Sadeghabadi Z, Abbasalipourkabir R, Mohseni R, Ziamajidi N. Chicoric acid does not restore palmitate-induced decrease in irisin levels in PBMCs of newly diagnosed patients with T2D and healthy subjects. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:532-538. [PMID: 31855067 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1702060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting irisin as a myokine/adipokine is a new therapeutic approach in the improvement of insulin-resistance (IR) during type 2 diabetes (T2D). In present study we evaluated the effects of palmitate and chicoric acid (CA) on irisin production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with T2D. This study performed on 20 newly diagnosed patients with T2D and 20 healthy subjects. PBMCs treated with palmitate and CA. PPARGC1A and FNDC5 genes expression assessed using qRT-PCR. Irisin levels in cell culture medium measured by ELISA. Palmitate decreased PPARGC1A and FNDC5 genes expression, as well as irisin levels in PBMCs from T2D and healthy volunteers. CA significantly restored palmitate-induced decrease in PPARGC1A gene expression in PBMCs of healthy subjects. Although, FNDC5 gene expression and irisin levels were not induced significantly by CA. In conclusion, palmitate decreases irisin production through down-regulation of PPARGC1A and FNDC5 expressions. However, CA does not effect on irisin pathway.Key pointsPalmitate reduced PPARGC1A and FNDC5 genes expression, as well as irisin secretion in PBMCs.Palmitate-induced decrease in PPARGC1A gene expression significantly has been reversed by CA in PBMCs of healthy subjects.CA did not return palmitate-decreased in FNDC5 gene expression and irisin levels in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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Sharma M, Haye A, Ansari M, Saini A, Ahmed Z, Munjal K, Shamsi Y. Polyherbal formulation improves glucose-lipid metabolism and prevent hepatotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Plausible role of IRS-PI3K-Akt-GLUT2 signaling. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_318_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rajan P, Natraj P, Ranaweera SS, Dayarathne LA, Lee YJ, Han CH. Anti-adipogenic effect of the flavonoids through the activation of AMPK in palmitate (PA)-treated HepG2 cells. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e4. [PMID: 35088951 PMCID: PMC8799946 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are natural polyphenols found widely in citrus fruit and peel that possess anti-adipogenic effects. On the other hand, the detailed mechanisms for the anti-adipogenic effects of flavonoids are unclear. OBJECTIVES The present study observed the anti-adipogenic effects of five major citrus flavonoids, including hesperidin (HES), narirutin (NAR), nobiletin (NOB), sinensetin (SIN), and tangeretin (TAN), on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in palmitate (PA)-treated HepG2 cells. METHODS The intracellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents were quantified by Oil-red O staining and TG assay, respectively. The glucose uptake was assessed using 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) assay. The levels of AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) phosphorylation, and levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) expression were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The potential interaction between the flavonoids and the γ-subunit of AMPK was investigated by molecular docking analysis. RESULTS The flavonoid treatment reduced both intracellular lipid accumulation and TG content in PA-treated HepG2 cells significantly. In addition, the flavonoids showed increased 2-NBDG uptake in an insulin-independent manner in PA-treated HepG2 cells. The flavonoids increased the AMPK, ACC, and GSK3β phosphorylation levels and decreased the SREBP-2 and HMGCR expression levels in PA-treated HepG2 cells. Molecular docking analysis showed that the flavonoids bind to the CBS domains in the regulatory γ-subunit of AMPK with high binding affinities and could serve as potential AMPK activators. CONCLUSION The overall results suggest that the anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids on PA-treated HepG2 cells results from the activation of AMPK by flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rajan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Premkumar Natraj
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | | | | | - Young Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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Nasimi Doost Azgomi R, Karimi A, Tutunchi H, Moini Jazani A. A comprehensive mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus) supplementation in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of literature. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14945. [PMID: 34606165 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cichorium intybus is a rich source of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, one of the effective methods in managing and reducing the complications of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence obtained from animal and human studies on the effects of chicory on metabolic indicators (such as inflammation, oxidative stress, blood sugar and dyslipidaemia) of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic search was performed in ProQuest, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and Science Direct databases and on articles published until August 2021. All of the animal studies and clinical trials included in this systematic review that assessed the effect of chicory on metabolic risk markers in diabetes were published in English language journals. RESULTS Finally, amongst 686 articles, only 23 articles met the needed criteria for further analysis. Out of 23 articles, 3 studies on humans and 20 studies on animals have been carried out. Fifteen of the 19 studies that evaluated the effect of chicory on the glycaemic index showed that Cichorium intybus improved blood glucose index (it had no effect in two human studies and three animal studies). Ten of the 13 studies evaluating the effect of Cichorium intybus on lipid profiles showed that it improved dyslipidaemia. Also, all 12 studies showed that chicory significantly reduces oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSION According to the available evidence, Cichorium intybus might improve the glycaemic status, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. However, further studies are recommended for a comprehensive conclusion about the exact mechanism of chicory in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Moini Jazani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Lv C, Huang S, Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhao G, Ma C, Cao X. Chicoric acid encapsulated within ferritin inhibits tau phosphorylation by regulating AMPK and GluT1 signaling cascade. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Girelli CR, Serio F, Accogli R, Angilè F, De Donno A, Fanizzi FP. First Insight into Nutraceutical Properties of Local Salento Cichorium intybus Varieties: NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4057. [PMID: 33921445 PMCID: PMC8069254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants of genus Cichorium are known for their therapeutic and nutraceutical properties determined by a wealth of phytochemical substances contained in the whole plant. The aim of this paper was to characterize the metabolic profiles of local Salento chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) varieties ("Bianca", "Galatina", "Leccese", and "Otranto") in order to describe their metabolites composition together with possible bioactivity and health beneficial properties. METHODS The investigation was performed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis (MVA), by which the metabolic profiles of the samples were easily obtained and compared. RESULTS The supervised Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) analysis showed as "Bianca" and "Galatina" samples grouped together separated by "Leccese" and "Otranto" varieties. A different content of free amino acids and organic acids was observed among the varieties. In particular a high content of cichoric and monocaffeoyl tartaric acid was observed for the "Leccese" variety. The presence of secondary metabolites adds significant interest in the investigation of Cichorium inthybus, as this vegetable may benefit human health when incorporated into the diet. CONCLUSIONS The 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) based characterization of Salento chicory varieties allowed us to determine the potential usefulness and nutraceutical properties of the product, also providing a method to guarantee its authenticity on a molecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.R.G.); (F.S.); (R.A.); (F.A.); (A.D.D.)
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Benchoula K, Parhar IS, Madhavan P, Hwa WE. CREB nuclear transcription activity as a targeting factor in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes complications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114531. [PMID: 33773975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder diagnosed by elevated blood glucose levels and a defect in insulin production. Blood glucose, an energy source in the body, is regenerated by two fundamental processes: glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. These two processes are the main mechanisms used by humans and many other animals to maintain blood glucose levels, thereby avoiding hypoglycaemia. The released insulin from pancreatic β-cells activates glycolysis. However, the glucagon released from the pancreatic α-cells activates gluconeogenesis in the liver, leading to pyruvate conversion to glucose-6-phosphate by different enzymes such as fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase. These enzymes' expression is controlled by the glucagon/ cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)/ proteinkinase A (PKA) pathway. This pathway phosphorylates cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus to bind it to these enzyme promoters and activate their expression. During fasting, this process is activated to supply the body with glucose; however, it is overactivated in diabetes. Thus, the inhibition of this process by blocking the expression of the enzymes via CREB is an alternative strategy for the treatment of diabetes. This review was designed to investigate the association between CREB activity and the treatment of diabetes and diabetes complications. The phosphorylation of CREB is a crucial step in regulating the gene expression of the enzymes of gluconeogenesis. Many studies have proven that CREB is over-activated by glucagon and many other factors contributing to the elevation of fasting glucose levels in people with diabetes. The physiological function of CREB should be regarded in developing a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. However, the accessible laboratory findings for CREB activity of the previous research still not strong enough for continuing to the clinical trial yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Monash University (Malaysia) BRIMS, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Dobrange E, Peshev D, Loedolff B, Van den Ende W. Fructans as Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Agents: The Case of Echinacea. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E615. [PMID: 31623122 PMCID: PMC6843407 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, medicinal purposes of plants have been studied, documented, and acknowledged as an integral part of human healthcare systems. The development of modern medicine still relies largely on this historical knowledge of the use and preparation of plants and their extracts. Further research into the human microbiome highlights the interaction between immunomodulatory responses and plant-derived, prebiotic compounds. One such group of compounds includes the inulin-type fructans (ITFs), which may also act as signaling molecules and antioxidants. These multifunctional compounds occur in a small proportion of plants, many of which have recognized medicinal properties. Echinacea is a well-known medicinal plant and products derived from it are sold globally for its cold- and flu-preventative and general health-promoting properties. Despite the well-documented phytochemical profile of Echinacea plants and products, little research has looked into the possible role of ITFs in these products. This review aims to highlight the occurrence of ITFs in Echinacea derived formulations and the potential role they play in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Dobrange
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Darin Peshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bianke Loedolff
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Peng Y, Sun Q, Gao R, Park Y. AAK-2 and SKN-1 Are Involved in Chicoric-Acid-Induced Lifespan Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9178-9186. [PMID: 30835107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chicoric acid is a dicaffeoyl ester with many bioactivities, including antioxidation, antidiabetes, and anti-inflammation. A previous study reported that chicoric acid extended the lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the mechanism behind the effect of chicoric acid on the extended lifespan remains unknown. Consistent with the previous report, chicoric acid (25 and 50 μM) extended the maximum lifespan compared to the control (17.5 ± 3.3 and 15.6 ± 5%, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). The declines of the pumping rate and locomotive activity, two indicators of aging, were delayed by chicoric acid. Moreover, chicoric acid enhanced resistance to oxidative stress in C. elegans. It was further determined that the extended lifespan by chicoric acid was in part via aak-2 [a homologue of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase] and skn-1 (a homologue of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). The current findings suggest that chicoric acid has the potential to be used as an anti-aging bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts, Amherst , 102 Holdsworth Way , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts, Amherst , 102 Holdsworth Way , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Momtaz S, Salek-Maghsoudi A, Abdolghaffari AH, Jasemi E, Rezazadeh S, Hassani S, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M, Behzad S, Nabavi SM. Polyphenols targeting diabetes via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway; future approach to drug discovery. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:472-492. [PMID: 31418340 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1648376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the widespread progression of diabetes, its related complications and detrimental effects on human health, investigations on this subject seems compulsory. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a key player in energy metabolism regulation. AMPK is also considered as a prime target for pharmaceutical and therapeutic studies on disorders such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity, where the body energy homeostasis is imbalanced. Following the activation of AMPK (physiological or pharmacological), a cascade of metabolic events that improve metabolic health is triggered. While there are several publications on this subject, this is the first report that has focused solely on polyphenols targeting diabetes via AMPK pathway. The multiple characteristics of polyphenolic compounds and their favorable influence on diabetes pathogenesis, as well as their intersections with the AMPK signaling pathway, indicate that these compounds have a beneficial effect on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. PPs could potentially occupy a significant position in the future anti-diabetic drug market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Armin Salek-Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eghbal Jasemi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shamsali Rezazadeh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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15
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Keshk WA, Soliman NA, Ali DA, Elseady WS. Mechanistic evaluation of AMPK/SIRT1/FXR signaling axis, inflammation, and redox status in thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis: The role of Cichorium intybus linn (chicory)-supplemented diet. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12938. [PMID: 31368578 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a scene profitable to the advance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current work was engrossed to weigh the potential role of Cichorium intybus linn against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver cirrhosis and their probable underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms. farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) expression, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity, and activated AMP protein kinase (pAMPK), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), and interleukin-6 (IL6) levels were estimated in hepatic tissue by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoassay, respectively. C. intybus linn supplementation caused a significant improvement in serum liver enzymes, albumin, bilirubin levels, tissues redox status and hepatic histological features in addition to decreased IL6 level, hydroxylproline content, and PCNA immunoreactivity. On contrary, increased pAMPK/SIRT1 levels and upregulated FXR gene expression were observed. C. intybus linn could feasibly protect against TAA-induced hepatic damage, fibrosis, and cirrhosis by relieving oxidative stress and by interruption of the inflammatory pathway via AMPK/SIRT1/FXR signaling. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: No specific therapies are available until now to target the underlying mechanisms for protection against liver diseases. Herbal protection is widely available and cheap with no side effect. Cichorium intybus linn, a natural supplement, is proved in this current work to have the potential of being hepatoprotectant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents, thus reducing the risk of hepatic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Keshk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nema A Soliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Darin A Ali
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Walaa S Elseady
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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16
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Peng Y, Sun Q, Park Y. Chicoric acid promotes glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation via AMP-activated protein kinase α-dependent pathway. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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17
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Peng Y, Sun Q, Park Y. The Bioactive Effects of Chicoric Acid As a Functional Food Ingredient. J Med Food 2019; 22:645-652. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Sadeghabadi ZA, Ziamajidi N, Abbasalipourkabir R, Mohseni R, Borzouei S. Palmitate-induced IL6 expression ameliorated by chicoric acid through AMPK and SIRT1-mediated pathway in the PBMCs of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and healthy subjects. Cytokine 2019; 116:106-114. [PMID: 30690290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of inflammation is one of the possible therapeutic approaches for Insulin resistance (IR) during type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study we investigated the effects of palmitate and chicoric acid (CA) on inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of newly diagnosed T2DM patients and healthy subjects and explored the mechanism by which palmitate and CA influence inflammation. 20 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 20 healthy subjects were recruited in our study. Blood sample were collected and PBMCs were isolated. Interleukin 6 (IL6), silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phospho-AMPK (pAMPK) were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. PBMCs were treated with palmitate and CA to investigate their effects on inflammation. IL6 and SIRT1 genes expression were evaluated by real-time PCR. The levels of IL6 in culture medium were measured by ELISA. Proteins levels of AMPK and pAMPK in PBMCs were detected by western blotting. IL6 expression was higher and SIRT1 expression and pAMPK levels were lower in PBMCs of diabetic patients and obese subjects compared to healthy subjects and non-obese subjects, respectively. CA significantly prevented against increased IL6 levels as well as its gene expression in PBMCs induced by palmitate. Also, CA returned reduction in SIRT1 expression and pAMPK levels mediated via palmitate to near control level. These findings reveal that CA reduces inflammation in PBMCs probably through upregulation of SIRT1 and pAMPK. Therefore, CA would be suggested as a novel agent for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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19
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Stefanov I, Hinojosa-Caballero D, Maspoch S, Hoyo J, Tzanov T. Enzymatic synthesis of a thiolated chitosan-based wound dressing crosslinked with chicoric acid. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7943-7953. [PMID: 32255040 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the enzymatic synthesis of multifunctional hydrogels for chronic wound treatment using thiolated chitosan and the natural polyphenol chicoric acid. Gelation was achieved by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of chicoric acid, a natural compound used for the first time as a homobifunctional crosslinker, reacting subsequently with nucleophilic thiol and amino groups from the chitosan derivative. This approach allowed for twice as fast gelation at a three-fold reduced crosslinking reagent concentration, compared to reported enzymatic synthesis of hydrogels using gallic acid as a phenolic provider. Hydrogels with 600% swelling capacity, coupled with only 20% weight loss after 6 days under physiological conditions, were obtained. The clinically relevant Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa were reduced by up to 4.5 and 5.5 logs, respectively. A tunable, in the range of 20-95%, ex vivo inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in chronic wound exudate was achieved, together with control over the total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo Stefanov
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial (GBMI), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - (UPC), Rambla Sant Nebridi, 22, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Guo R, Zhao B, Wang Y, Wu D, Wang Y, Yu Y, Yan Y, Zhang W, Liu Z, Liu X. Cichoric Acid Prevents Free-Fatty-Acid-Induced Lipid Metabolism Disorders via Regulating Bmal1 in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9667-9678. [PMID: 30036051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cichoric acid (CA), a polyphenol component from Echinacea purpurea, exhibits preventive effects on liver lipid-metabolism disorders in obesity. This research aimed to determine the role of circadian rhythm signaling during the process of CA-attenuated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. In the current study, CA treatments improved cell morphology changes and hepatic lipid levels, which were triggered by free fatty acids (2:1, oleate: palmitate) in a dose-dependent way. Besides, CA (200 μM) regulated the circadian rhythm expressions of clock genes and the relatively shallow daily oscillations. Moreover, silencing Bmal1 significantly blocked the p-Akt/Akt pathway to 80.1% ± 1.5% and the p-GSK3β/GSK3β pathway to 64.7% ± 2.8% ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, silencing Bmal1 elevated the expressions of FAS and ACC to 122.4% ± 5.6% and 114.9% ± 1.7% in protein levels ( p < 0.05) and to 166.5% ± 18.5% and 131.4% ± 5.5% in mRNA levels ( p < 0.05). Therefore, our results demonstrated that CA has a Bmal1 resistance to lipid accumulation by enhancing the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways and modulating the downstream expressions related to lipid metabolism, which indicated that CA might be useful as a natural and promising nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Beita Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Yutang Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Yafan Yu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Yuchen Yan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Wentong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Xinong Road 22 , Yangling 712100 , China
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21
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Kim JS, Lee H, Jung CH, Lee SJ, Ha TY, Ahn J. Chicoric acid mitigates impaired insulin sensitivity by improving mitochondrial function. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1197-1206. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1451742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance. Although chicoric acid (CA) is known to have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, the involvement of mitochondrial function has not been elucidated yet. Here, we investigated the effect of CA on insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, CA improved impaired glucose uptake and insulin signaling pathways, along with enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption. CA treatment in diet-induced obese mice ameliorated glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity. CA treatment also recovered the dysregulated expression of glucose metabolism-related genes in the high-fat-fed mice. CA significantly increased the mitochondrial DNA content, citrate synthase, and ATP content, as well as the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in the liver and skeletal muscle in high-fat- fed obese mice. These findings suggested that CA attenuates insulin resistance and promotes insulin sensitivity by enhancing mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju, Republic of Korea
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22
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Mikropoulou EV, Vougogiannopoulou K, Kalpoutzakis E, Sklirou AD, Skaperda Z, Houriet J, Wolfender JL, Trougakos IP, Kouretas D, Halabalaki M, Mitakou S. Phytochemical Composition of the Decoctions of Greek Edible Greens (Chórta) and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:E1541. [PMID: 29949914 PMCID: PMC6100566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild or semi-wild edible greens (chórta) are an integral part of the traditional Greek Mediterranean diet due to their nutritional value, containing various phytonutrients beneficial to human health. Water-based decoctions of chórta are widely consumed in Greek alternative medicine as health promoting agents. This study examined the chemical profile of the decoctions of eight edible plants, Cichorium intybus, C. endivia, C. spinosum, Crepis sancta, Sonchus asper, Carthamus lanatus, Centaurea raphanina, and Amaranthus blitum, by UPLC-ESI-HRMS and HRMS/MS analysis, to determine possibly bioactive constituents. The profiles of the plants from the Asteraceae family are dominated by the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoid derivatives, whereas the A. blitum decoction is rich in triterpene saponins. Interestingly, the Centaurea raphanina decoction was found to be extremely rich in flavanones, particularly in the aglycone pinocembrin. Further phytochemical investigation and fractionation of this extract resulted in the isolation and identification of five compounds: phlorin (1), syringin (2), pinocembrin (3), pinocembroside (4), and pinocembrin-7-O-neohesperidoside (5). The extracts were also tested for their antioxidant and differential cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. C. raphanina was found to be differentially toxic against metastatic tumor cells. In conclusion, we found that Greek edible greens are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites and their consumption could contribute to the maintenance of overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni V Mikropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Vougogiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Aimilia D Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Joëlle Houriet
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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23
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Protective effects of cichoric acid on H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury in hepatocytes and larval zebrafish models. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:679-685. [PMID: 29803928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease with a broad spectrum of liver injury. Oxidant stress is believed to be the pathogenesis of NAFLD as the "second hit". Hydrogen peroxide is widely used as an oxidant reagent to induce the oxidant injury of cells and larval zebrafish. Recently, cichoric acid is being studied extensively for its obesity attenuating, hepatic steatosis reduction and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, to identify whether CRA could protect the H2O2 induced oxidant injury via anti-oxidant impact by using L02 and HepG2 hepatocytes as in vitro and larval zebrafish as in vivo injury models, and evaluated the protective and anti-oxidant effects of CRA by pretreated it on both in vitro and in vivo models. CRA was found to reduce the production of ROS and MDA, activate the anti-oxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-px, and pathways Keap1-Nrf2 and HO-1. These results demonstrated that CRA might protect the liver injury by its anti-oxidant effect, which could be a potential therapeutic agent of NAFLD.
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24
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Qi G, Guo R, Tian H, Li L, Liu H, Mi Y, Liu X. Nobiletin protects against insulin resistance and disorders of lipid metabolism by reprogramming of circadian clock in hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:549-562. [PMID: 29501626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circadian clock plays a principal role in orchestrating our daily physiology and metabolism, and their perturbation can evoke metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and insulin resistance. Nobiletin (NOB) has been demonstrated to possess antitumor and neuroprotective activities. The objective of the current study is to determine potential effects of NOB on modulating the core clock gene Bmal1 regarding ameliorating glucolipid metabolic disorders. RESULTS Our results revealed that NOB partially reverse the relatively shallow daily oscillations of circadian clock genes and reset phase-shifting circadian rhythms in primary hepatocytes under metabolic disorders conditions. Importantly, NOB was found to be effective at amplifying glucose uptake via stimulating IRS-1/AKT signaling pathway, as well as blunting palmitate-induced lipogenesis in HepG2 cells via modulating AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway and key enzymes of de novo lipogenesis in a Bmal1-dependent manner. NOB attenuated palmitate-stimulated excessive secretions of ROS, restored the depletions of mitochondrial membrane potential, which is similar to the recovery in expressions of mitochondrial respiration complex I-IV. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide compelling evidences that NOB prevent cellular glucolipid metabolic imbalance and mitochondrial function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. Overall, NOB may serve as a nutritional preventive strategy in recovering metabolic disorders relevant to circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haoyu Tian
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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25
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Mi Y, Zhang W, Tian H, Li R, Huang S, Li X, Qi G, Liu X. EGCG evokes Nrf2 nuclear translocation and dampens PTP1B expression to ameliorate metabolic misalignment under insulin resistance condition. Food Funct 2018; 9:1510-1523. [PMID: 29423494 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As a major nutraceutical component of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has attracted interest from scientists due to its well-documented antioxidant and antiobesity bioactivities. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of EGCG on metabolic misalignment and in balancing the redox status in mice liver and HepG2 cells under insulin resistance condition. Our results indicated that EGCG accelerates the glucose uptake and evokes IRS-1/Akt/GLUT2 signaling pathway via dampening the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Consistently, ectopic expression of PTP1B by Ad-PTP1B substantially impaired EGCG-elicited IRS-1/Akt/GLUT2 signaling pathway. Moreover, EGCG co-treatment stimulated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 by provoking P13K/AKT signaling pathway and thus modulated the downstream expressions of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1 and NQO-1 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, knockdown Nrf2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) notably enhanced the expression of PTP1B and blunt EGCG-stimulated glucose uptake. Consistent with these results, in vivo study revealed that EGCG supplement significantly ameliorated high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-triggered insulin resistance and oxidative stress by up-regulating the IRS-1/AKT and Keap1/Nrf2 transcriptional pathways. Administration of an appropriate chemopreventive agent, such as EGCG, could potentially serve as an additional therapeutic intervention in the arsenal against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wentong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Haoyu Tian
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Runnan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shuxian Huang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xingyu Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Mi Y, Qi G, Gao Y, Li R, Wang Y, Li X, Huang S, Liu X. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HepG2 Cells: Involvement of Bmal1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28869341 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Normal physiological processes require a robust biological timer called the circadian clock. Dysregulation of circadian rhythms contributes to a variety of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and insulin resistance. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective bioactivities. The objective of this study was to explore whether the circadian clock is involved in the protective effect of EGCG against insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS The results demonstrated that EGCG reverses the relatively shallow daily oscillations of circadian clock genes transcription and protein expression induced by glucosamine in HepG2 cells. EGCG also alleviates insulin resistance by enhancing tyrosine phosphorylated levels of IRS-1, stimulating the translocation of GLUT2, and activating PI3K/AKT as well as AMPK signaling pathways in a Bmal1-dependent manner both in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. Glucosamine-stimulated excessive secretions of ROS and depletions of mitochondrial membrane potential were notably attenuated in EGCG co-treated HepG2 cells, which consistent with the recovery in expression of mitochondrial respiration complexes. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that EGCG possesses a Bmal1-dependent efficacy against insulin resistance conditions by strengthening the insulin signaling and eliminating oxidative stress, suggesting that EGCG may serve as a promising natural nutraceutical for the regulation of metabolic disorders relevant to circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runnan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Karandrea S, Yin H, Liang X, Slitt AL, Heart EA. Thymoquinone ameliorates diabetic phenotype in Diet-Induced Obesity mice via activation of SIRT-1-dependent pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185374. [PMID: 28950020 PMCID: PMC5614580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone, a natural occurring quinone and the main bioactive component of plant Nigella sativa, undergoes intracellular redox cycling and re-oxidizes NADH to NAD+. TQ administration (20 mg/kg/bw/day) to the Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) mice reduced their diabetic phenotype by decreasing fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as evaluated by oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests (OGTT and ITT). Furthermore, TQ decreased serum cholesterol levels and liver triglycerides, increased protein expression of phosphorylated Akt, decreased serum levels of inflammatory markers resistin and MCP-1, and decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio. These changes were paralleled by an increase in phosphorylated SIRT-1 and AMPKα in liver and phosphorylated SIRT-1 in skeletal muscle. TQ also increased insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via a SIRT-1-dependent mechanism. These findings are consistent with the TQ-dependent re-oxidation of NADH to NAD+, which stimulates glucose and fatty acid oxidation and activation of SIRT-1-dependent pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TQ ameliorates the diabetic phenotype in the DIO mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shpetim Karandrea
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Huquan Yin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Angela L. Slitt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Emma A. Heart
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhu D, Zhang X, Niu Y, Diao Z, Ren B, Li X, Liu Z, Liu X. Cichoric acid improved hyperglycaemia and restored muscle injury via activating antioxidant response in MLD-STZ-induced diabetic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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