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Wang L, Deng Z, Huang J, Li T, Jiang J, Wang W, Sun Y, Deng Y. Zearalenone-induced hepatointestinal toxicity in laying hens: unveiling the role of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104221. [PMID: 39241615 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, is known for its reproductive toxicity as an estrogen analogue. However, there are limited knowledge about its hepatointestinal toxicity, as well as the role that gut microbiota and metabolites play in this process. In this study, a total of 24 thirty-week-old hens were fed to investigate the hepatointestinal toxicity subjected to long-term ZEN consumption at 2.0 mg/kg for 90 d. And we employed uncultured 16S rRNA sequencing for gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomics for fecal metabolites assessment. Notably, ZEN induced significant hepatic damage, as evidenced by hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltrate, increased liver lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (P < 0.05). The decreased villus height, disruption of simple columnar epithelial cells, and exposure of the mucosal intrinsic layer were observed in the intestine. The gut microbial community composition and metabolites differed between ZEN group and control group. ZEN group exhibited higher gut microbial diversity (P < 0.05), lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus abundance, and higher abundance in the genus such as Bacteroidetes, Parabacteroidetes and Desulfovibrio. Metabolomic analysis showed that ZEN treatment altered biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides and phenylpropanoids, metabolism of amino acid, digestion and absorption of vitamin and ABC transporters. Differential metabolites suggested that ZEN increase the risk of estrogen disorder, nucleic acid degradation, intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation. Neural network analysis showed that Ruminococcus was positively correlated with glyceric acid, and Prevotella was positively correlated with phenylacetylglycine. Both metabolites were positively correlated with blood AST level (P < 0.05), suggesting that intestinal microbe Ruminococcus and Prevotella might exacerbate liver damage by producing these harmful metabolites. Overall, we conclude that ZEN has damaged hepatointestinal system and the altered gut microbiota with resultant metabolite changes contribute to the adverse hepatointestinal effects of ZEN on laying hens. This study underscores the need for monitoring and mitigating ZEN exposure in poultry diets, highlighting its broader implications for animal health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong provincial key laboratory for the development biology and environmental adaptation of agricultural organisms, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Zifeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong provincial key laboratory for the development biology and environmental adaptation of agricultural organisms, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Jieying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong provincial key laboratory for the development biology and environmental adaptation of agricultural organisms, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Tingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong provincial key laboratory for the development biology and environmental adaptation of agricultural organisms, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong provincial key laboratory for the development biology and environmental adaptation of agricultural organisms, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong provincial key laboratory for the development biology and environmental adaptation of agricultural organisms, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China.
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2
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Mainardi E, Corino C, Rossi R. The Effect of Vitamins on the Immune Systems of Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2126. [PMID: 39061588 PMCID: PMC11273632 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern pig farming, there are many environmental, physiological or social stresses that weaken the immune response and increase susceptibility to disease. Nutritional management has a significant impact on the efficiency of the immune system in pigs. Among the various nutrients, vitamins have been shown to have specific effects on immune system activity. However, the needs of modern genetic types are not met by the dietary recommendations for vitamins in pig diets. The present study therefore summarises the data on dietary integration with supranutritional doses of vitamins in gestating and lactating sows and post-weaning piglets in terms of the immune response. The present data highlight that high doses of dietary vitamins are an effective way to improve the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. Further studies are needed to deepen the understanding of the role of dietary supplementation with vitamins in pigs on immune system and gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
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3
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Smołucha G, Steg A, Oczkowicz M. The Role of Vitamins in Mitigating the Effects of Various Stress Factors in Pigs Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38672365 PMCID: PMC11047633 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Good practices in farm animal care are crucial for upholding animal well-being, efficiency, and health. Pigs, like other farm animals, are exposed to various stressors, including environmental, nutritional, chemical, psychological, physiological, and metabolic stressors, which can disrupt their internal balance and compromise their well-being. Oxidative stress can adversely affect animal performance, fertility, and immunity, leading to economic losses for farmers. Dietary considerations are hugely important in attaining these objectives. This paper reviews studies investigating the impact of additional vitamin supplementation on stress reduction in pigs. Vitamin A can be beneficial in counteracting viral and parasitic threats. Vitamin B can be a potential solution for reproductive issues, but it might also be beneficial in reducing the effects of inappropriate nutrition. Vitamin C plays a vital role in reducing the effects of heat stress or exposure to toxins in pigs. Vitamin D proves to be beneficial in addressing stress induced mostly by infections and weaning, while vitamin E has been shown to mitigate the effects of toxins, heat stress, or transport stress. This review highlights the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants in maintaining pig health, enhancing productivity, and counteracting the adverse effects of various stressors. Understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition and stress management is vital for optimising farm animal welfare and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Smołucha
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (A.S.); (M.O.)
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4
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Cai P, Liu S, Tu Y, Shan T. Toxicity, biodegradation, and nutritional intervention mechanism of zearalenone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168648. [PMID: 37992844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a global mycotoxin commonly found in a variety of grain products and animal feed, causes damage to the gastrointestinal tract, immune organs, liver and reproductive system. Many treatments, including physical, chemical and biological methods, have been reported for the degradation of ZEA. Each degradation method has different degradation efficacies and distinct mechanisms. In this article, the global pollution status, hazard and toxicity of ZEA are summarized. We also review the biological detoxification methods and nutritional regulation strategies for alleviating the toxicity of ZEA. Moreover, we discuss the molecular detoxification mechanism of ZEA to help explore more efficient detoxification methods to better reduce the global pollution and hazard of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Liang Y, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Zhang J. Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113976. [PMID: 37532173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor activated by a series of ligands. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a wide class of molecules present in the environment that are suspected to have adverse effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous hormones. Since EEDs may modulate human/rodent PXR, this review aims to summarize EEDs as PXR modulators, including agonists and antagonists. The modular structure of PXR is also described, interestingly, the pharmacology of PXR have been confirmed to vary among different species. Furthermore, PXR play a key role in the regulation of endocrine function. Endocrine disruption of EEDs via PXR and its related pathways are systematically summarized. In brief, this review may provide a way to understand the roles of EEDs in interaction with the nuclear receptors (such as PXR) and the related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Wang L, Wang C, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yin Y. Research progress on anti-stress nutrition strategies in swine. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:342-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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7
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Li X, Wang J, Zhang F, Yu M, Zuo N, Li L, Tan J, Shen W. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Rescues Zearalenone-Induced Apoptosis via the ITGA7-PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway in Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054441. [PMID: 36901882 PMCID: PMC10002597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an important secondary metabolite of Fusarium fungi, exposure to which can cause reproductive disorders through its effects on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in many mammals, especially in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on the ZEN-induced negative effects in porcine GCs (pGCs). The pGCs were treated with 30 µM ZEN and/or 20 µM C3G for 24 h; they were divided into a control (Ctrl) group, ZEN group, ZEN+C3G (Z+C) group, and a C3G group. Bioinformatics analysis was used to systematically screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the rescue process. Results showed that C3G could effectively rescue ZEN-induced apoptosis in pGCs, and notably increase cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, 116 DEGs were identified, and the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway was the center of attention, of which five genes and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and/or Western blot (WB). As analyzed, ZEN inhibited mRNA and protein levels of integrin subunit alpha-7 (ITGA7), and promoted the expression of cell cycle inhibition kinase cyclin-D3 (CCND3) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A). After the knock-down of ITGA7 by siRNA, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression decreased, and apoptosis rates and pro-apoptotic proteins increased. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that C3G exhibited significant protective effects on the ZEN-induced inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis via the ITGA7-PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fali Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mubin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ning Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinghe Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-58957316
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8
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Wu F, Cui J, Yang X, Chen B. Effects of zearalenone on vulva area, liver function, serum immunoglobulin, antioxidant capability and sex hormone secretion of prepubertal gilts. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2121230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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9
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Qin S, She F, Zhao F, Li L, Chen F. Selenium-chitosan alleviates the toxic effects of Zearalenone on antioxidant and immune function in mice. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1036104. [PMID: 36277059 PMCID: PMC9582340 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1036104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the protective effects of selenium-chitosan (SC) against antioxidant and immune function-related damage induced by zearalenone (ZEN) in mice. In total, 150 female mice were allotted to five groups for a 30-day study. Control mice were fed a basal diet. Mice in the ZEN, ZEN-Se1, ZEN-Se2 and ZEN-Se3 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with same dose of ZEN (2 mg/kg) and different doses of SC, 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively (calculated by selenium). After 30 days, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plasma and liver, as well as Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation, plasma interleukins concentrations and liver interleukin mRNA expression levels were determined. The plasma and liver GSH-Px activities, liver T-AOC levels, Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation, interleukin (IL) contents and mRNA expression levels in the ZEN group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), whereas plasma and liver MDA contents in the ZEN group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Additionally, plasma and liver GSH-Px activities, liver T-AOC levels, Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-2 and IL-6 contents and mRNA expression levels in ZEN+Se2 and ZEN+Se3 groups were significantly higher than in the ZEN group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), whereas plasma and liver MDA contents in the ZEN+Se2 and ZEN+Se3 groups were significantly lower than in the ZEN group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The plasma and liver GSH-Px activities, Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation, IL-1β and IL-6 contents, IL-2 and IL-17A mRNA expression levels in the ZEN+Se1 group were also significantly higher than in the ZEN group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), whereas the plasma MDA content in the ZEN+Se1 group was also significantly lower than in the ZEN group (P < 0.01). Thus, SC may alleviate antioxidant function-related damage and immunosuppression induced by ZEN in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuze She
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanghong Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Fu Chen
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10
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Jing S, Liu C, Zheng J, Dong Z, Guo N. Toxicity of zearalenone and its nutritional intervention by natural products. Food Funct 2022; 13:10374-10400. [PMID: 36165278 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a toxic secondary metabolite mainly produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, and is often present in various food and feed ingredients such as corn and wheat. The structure of ZEN is similar to that of natural estrogen, and it can bind to estrogen receptors and has estrogenic activity. Therefore, it can cause endocrine-disrupting effects and promote the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive cell lines. In addition, ZEN can cause oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and other hazards, resulting in systemic toxic effects, including reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. In the past few decades, researchers have tried many ways to remove ZEN from food and feed, but it is still a challenge to eliminate it. In recent years, natural compounds have become of interest for their excellent protective effects on human health from food contaminants. Researchers have discovered that natural compounds often used as dietary supplements can effectively alleviate ZEN-induced systemic toxic effects. Most of the compounds mitigate ZEN-induced toxicity through antioxidant effects. In this article, the contamination of food and feed by ZEN and the various toxic effects and mechanisms of ZEN are reviewed, as well as the mitigation effects of natural compounds on ZEN-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jian Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zhijian Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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11
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Rudolph TE, Roach CM, Baumgard LH, Ross JW, Keating AF, Selsby JT. The impact of Zearalenone on heat-stressed skeletal muscle in pigs. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6652325. [PMID: 35908787 PMCID: PMC9339304 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) and Zearalenone (ZEN) exposure affect growth, production efficiency, and animal welfare; and, under extreme situations, both can be lethal. Given that both HS and ZEN independently cause oxidative stress, we hypothesized that simultaneous exposure to HS and ZEN would cause greater oxidative stress in porcine skeletal muscle than either condition, alone. To address this hypothesis, crossbred, prepubertal gilts were treated with either vehicle control (cookie dough) or ZEN (40 μg/kg) and exposed to either thermoneutral (TN; 21.0 °C) or 12-h diurnal HS conditions (night: 32.2 °C; day: 35.0 °C) for 7 d. Pigs were euthanized immediately following the environmental challenge and the glycolytic (STW) and oxidative (STR) portions of the semitendinosus muscle were collected for analysis. In STR, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, a marker of oxidative stress, tended to increase following ZEN exposure (P = 0.08). HS increased CAT (P = 0.019) and SOD1 (P = 0.049) protein abundance, while ZEN decreased GPX1 protein abundance (P = 0.064) and activity (P = 0.036). In STR, HS did not alter protein expression of HSP27, HSP70, or HSP90. Conversely, in STW, MDA-modified proteins remained similar between all groups. Consistent with STR, ZEN decreased GPX1 (P = 0.046) protein abundance in STW. In STW, ZEN decreased protein abundance of HSP27 (P = 0.032) and pHSP27 (P = 0.0068), while HS increased protein expression of HSP70 (P = 0.04) and HSP90 (P = 0.041). These data suggest a muscle fiber type-specific response to HS or ZEN exposure, potentially rendering STR more susceptible to HS- and/or ZEN-induced oxidative stress, however, the combination of HS and ZEN did not augment oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori E Rudolph
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Josh T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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12
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Feng YQ, Zhao AH, Wang JJ, Tian Y, Yan ZH, Dri M, Shen W, De Felici M, Li L. Oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for zearalenone to induce genome toxicity. Gene 2022; 829:146511. [PMID: 35447234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a common non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin of the Fusarium genus, is one of the most frequent and powerful contaminant of grains and cereal products representing a serious threat for people and livestock health. In fact, ZEN causes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a variety of cell types at least in part through binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). The main pathways through which ZEN induces such effects remain, however, elusive. In particular, how the mycotoxin causes DNA damage, dysregulates DNA repair mechanisms, changes epigenome of targeted cells and, not least, affects chromatin conformation and non-coding RNA (ncRNA), is unclear. In the present paper, following extensive review of the literature about such ZEN effects and our own experience in studying the effects of this compound on reproductive processes, we propose that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently oxidative stress (OS) are central in ZEN genotoxicity. Besides to shed light on the action mechanisms of the mycotoxin, this notion might help to develop effective strategies to counteract its deleterious biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ai-Hong Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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13
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Lin X, Zhu L, Gao X, Kong L, Huang Y, Zhao H, Chen Y, Wen L, Li R, Wu J, Yuan Z, Yi J. Ameliorative effect of betulinic acid against zearalenone exposure triggers testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice via p38/ERK MAPK inhibition and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense activation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113561. [PMID: 35489292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, which mainly contaminates grains and has estrogen-like effects on the reproductive system. Betulinic acid (BA), a natural lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate whether BA alleviates ZEA-induced testicular damage and explore the possible mechanism. Here, BA ameliorated testicular damage by mitigating the disordered arrangement of seminiferous tubules, the exfoliation of lumen cells, and the increase of cell apoptosis caused by ZEA. Meanwhile, BA alleviated ZEA-triggered testicular damage by restoring hormone levels and sperm motility, and reconstructing the blood-testis-barrier. Moreover, BA alleviated ZEA-exposed testicular oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, BA moderated ZEA-evoked testicular inflammation by inhibiting p38/ERK MAPK pathway. Overall, our results revealed that BA has a therapeutic protective effect on ZEA-induced testicular injury and oxidative stress via p38/ERK MAPK inhibition and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense activation, which provides a viable alternative to alleviate ZEA-induced male reproductive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - You Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yazhi Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Fu H, Tan P, Wang R, Li S, Liu H, Yang Y, Wu Z. Advances in organophosphorus pesticides pollution: Current status and challenges in ecotoxicological, sustainable agriculture, and degradation strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127494. [PMID: 34687999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are one of the most widely used types of pesticide that play an important role in the production process due to their effects on preventing pathogen infection and increasing yield. However, in the early development and application of OPPs, their toxicological effects and the issue of environmental pollution were not considered. With the long-term overuse of OPPs, their hazards to the ecological environment (including soil and water) and animal health have attracted increasing attention. Therefore, this review first clarified the classification, characteristics, applications of various OPPs, and the government's restriction requirements on various OPPs. Second, the toxicological effects and metabolic mechanisms of OPPs and their metabolites were introduced in organisms. Finally, the existing methods of degrading OPPs were summarized, and the challenges and further addressing strategy of OPPs in the sustainable development of agriculture, the environment, and ecology were prospected. However, methods to solve the environmental and ecological problems caused by OPPs from the three aspects of use source, use process, and degradation methods were proposed, which provided a theoretical basis for addressing the stability of the ecological environment and improving the structure of the pesticide industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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15
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Zhang HY, Wang YL, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Zhang L, Mi HF, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Feng L. Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112786. [PMID: 34555717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of immuno-compromised status in animals with zearalenone (ZEA) exposure may be a critical contributor to associated mucosal (gastrointestinal tract) diseases. However, it is difficult to assess the associated risks with limited reference data. This study comprehensively discussed the effects of ZEA on intestinal immune components, cytokines and molecular mechanism of juvenile grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Specifically, the fish were fed six graded levels of dietary ZEA (0-2507 μg kg-1 diet) for 70 d. The results pointed out that the average residual amount of ZEA in the intestines increased with dose level after ZEA feeding. We further performed an infection assay using A. hydrophila. After 14 d, ZEA groups increased enteritis morbidity rate compared with controls. The acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZ) activities and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content were significantly decreased in three intestinal segments. Furthermore, ZEA could reduce the transcription of β-defensin-1, Hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A/2B (LEAP-2A/2B) and Mucin-2. We next confirmed the loss of these immune components accompanied by the invasion of the intestinal barrier by bacteria, as indicated by activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the expression of downstream cytokines. Notably, the phosphorylated target of rapamycin (TOR) plays an important role in regulating these genes, thus indicating a possible target caused by ZEA. In summary, the extensive inhibition of immune components by ZEA promotes the spread of pathogens, which may increase the possibility of intestinal mucosa exposure and the risk of transforming disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Research Institute, Chengdu 600438, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Tongwei Research Institute, Chengdu 600438, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
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16
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Liu D, Yu Q, Ning Q, Liu Z, Song J. The relationship between UGT1A1 gene & various diseases and prevention strategies. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 54:1-21. [PMID: 34807779 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.2001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is a member of the Phase II metabolic enzyme family and the only enzyme that can metabolize detoxified bilirubin. Inactivation and very low activity of UGT1A1 in the liver can be fatal or lead to lifelong Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CN). To date, more than one hundred UGT1A1 polymorphisms have been discovered. Although most UGT1A1 polymorphisms are not fatal, which diseases might be associated with low activity UGT1A1 or UGT1A1 polymorphisms? This scientific topic has been studied for more than a hundred years, there are still many uncertainties. Herein, this article will summarize all the possibilities of UGT1A1 gene-related diseases, including GS and CN, neurological disease, hepatobiliary disease, metabolic difficulties, gallstone, cardiovascular disease, Crohn's disease (CD) obesity, diabetes, myelosuppression, leukemia, tumorigenesis, etc., and provide guidance for researchers to conduct in-depth study on UGT1A1 gene-related diseases. In addition, this article not only summarizes the prevention strategies of UGT1A1 gene-related diseases, but also puts forward some insights for sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qi Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing Ning
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
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17
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Sharma V, Patial V. Food Mycotoxins: Dietary Interventions Implicated in the Prevention of Mycotoxicosis. ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 1:1717-1739. [DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061 (H.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002 (U.P.), India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061 (H.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002 (U.P.), India
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18
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Cao L, Zhao J, Xu J, Zhu L, Rahman SU, Feng S, Li Y, Wu J, Wang X. N-acetylcysteine ameliorate cytotoxic injury in piglets sertoli cells induced by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60276-60289. [PMID: 34156614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) are two mycotoxins highly detected in agricultural products and feed. Both mycotoxins produce reproductive toxicity and pose a serious threat to human and animal health, among which pigs are the most sensitive animals. Sertoli cells (SCs) play an important role in spermatogenesis; however, the combined toxicity of ZEA and DON and the screening of effective protective agents remains to be determined. By studying the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the cells exposed to 20 μM of ZEA and 0.6 μM of DON, we explored the protective mechanism of NAC (4 mM) on the cytotoxic injury of piglets SCs induced by both mycotoxins. The results showed that the combination of ZEA and DON destroy organelles and SCs structures, NAC significantly alleviates the damage caused by ZEA and DON. NAC also significantly increased the expression and distribution of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), decreased the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax, Bid, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and increased Bcl-2 expression level and inhibited the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, NAC also eases the cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress caused by ZEA and DON. In summary, our results show that NAC could alleviate SCs injury via reducing the oxidative damage and apoptosis caused by ZEA and DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jingru Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, China.
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19
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Wu F, Cui J, Yang X, Chen B. Effects of zearalenone on liver development, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory factors of prepubertal gilts. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:832-840. [PMID: 34494684 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a kind of mycotoxin that pose great threat to the liver of human and livestock due to its toxicity to eukaryotic cells, however, its toxicity mechanism on prepubertal gilts liver development and function is not known. The study aimed to examine the effects of ZEA on liver development, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory factors of prepubertal gilts. Forty-eight prepubertal gilts (Landrace ×Yorkshire) were randomly divided into four groups: three treatment (T1, T2 and T3) groups and a control group. Prepubertal gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with basal diets supplemented with low, medium and high doses (200 μg/kg, 800 μg/kg and 1,600 μg/kg, respectively) of ZEA during the experiment period. The results showed that diets supplemented with ZEA significantly increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase of serum in the T3 group (p < 0.05). Besides, compared to the control group, the activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, the content of tumour necrosis factor-alpha of liver in the T3 group and the relative expression level of manganese-superoxide dismutase mRNA of liver in the T2 group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). We also performed correlation analysis among caecal microorganisms and antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory factor concentrations of liver. In conclusion, diets supplemented with ZEA has no obvious effect on liver development, but it can cause liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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20
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Jakimiuk E, Radwińska J, Woźny M, Pomianowski A, Brzuzan P, Wojtacha P, Obremski K, Zielonka Ł. The Influence of Zearalenone on Selected Hemostatic Parameters in Sexually Immature Gilts. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:625. [PMID: 34564628 PMCID: PMC8473075 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular toxicity induced by xenobiotics is associated with dysfunctions or damage to endothelial cells, changes in vascular permeability or dysregulation of the vascular redox state. The aim of this study was to determine whether per os administration of zearalenone (ZEN) influences selected hemostatic parameters in prepubertal gilts. This study was performed on female gilts divided into a control group which received placebo and an experimental group which received ZEN at a dose of 5.0 µg·kg-1 b.w. × day-1. On days 14, 28 and 42, blood samples were collected from the animals for analyses of hematological, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters, nitric oxide, von Willebrand factor antigen content and catalase activity. The results demonstrated that the treatment of gilts with ZEN at a dose below no observable adverse effect level did not affect the primary hemostasis and the blood coagulation cascade. However, ZEN could have temporarily affected the selected indicators of endothelial cell function (increase of von Willebrand factor, decrease of nitric oxide levels) and the oxidative status plasma (decrease of catalase activity) of the exposed gilts. In summary, these results suggest that the adaptive response to ZEN-exposure can induce a transient imbalance in the vascular system by acting on vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jakimiuk
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.O.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Justyna Radwińska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Maciej Woźny
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Pomianowski
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Paweł Brzuzan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Paweł Wojtacha
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszynski 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Obremski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.O.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.O.); (Ł.Z.)
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21
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Ruan H, Lu Q, Wu J, Qin J, Sui M, Sun X, Shi Y, Luo J, Yang M. Hepatotoxicity of food-borne mycotoxins: molecular mechanism, anti-hepatotoxic medicines and target prediction. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:2281-2308. [PMID: 34346825 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1960794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by fungi. The widespread contamination of food and feed by mycotoxins is a global food safety problem and a serious threat to people's health. Most food-borne mycotoxins have strong hepatotoxicity. However, no effective methods have been found to prevent or treat Mycotoxin- Induced Liver Injury (MILI) in clinical and animal husbandry. In this paper, the molecular mechanisms and potential anti-MILI medicines of six food-borne MILI are reviewed, and their targets are predicted by network toxicology, which provides a theoretical basis for further study of the toxicity mechanism of MILI and the development of effective strategies to manage MILI-related health problems in the future and accelerate the development of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Liu D, Yu Q, Li Z, Zhang L, Hu M, Wang C, Liu Z. UGT1A1 dysfunction increases liver burden and aggravates hepatocyte damage caused by long-term bilirubin metabolism disorder. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114592. [PMID: 33961837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UGT1A1 is the only enzyme that can metabolize bilirubin, and its encoding gene is frequently mutated. UGT1A1*6 (G71R) is a common mutant in Asia which leads to the decrease of UGT1A1 activity and abnormal bilirubin metabolism. However, it is not clear whether low UGT1A1 activity-induced bilirubin metabolism disorder increases hepatocyte fragility. ugt1a+/- mice were used to simulate the UGT1A1*6 (G71R) population. Under the same CCl4 induction condition, ugt1a+/- mice showed severer liver damage and fibrosis, indicating that ugt1a1 dysfunction increased liver burden and aggravated hepatocyte damage. In the animal experiment with a continuous intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin, the ugt1a+/- mice livers had more serious unconjugated bilirubin accumulation. The accumulated bilirubin leads to hyperphosphorylation of IκB-α, Ikk-β, and p65 and a significant increase of inflammatory factor. The α-SMA and Collagen I proteins markedly up-regulated in the ugt1a+/- mice livers. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy showed that hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells were activated in ugt1a+/- mice. Comprehensive results show that there was a crosstalk relationship between low UGT1A1 activity-bilirubin-liver damage. Furthermore, cell experiments confirmed that unconjugated bilirubin activated the NF-κB pathway and induced DNA damage in hepatocytes, leading to the significant increase of inflammatory factors. UGT1A1 knockdown in hepatocytes aggravated the toxicity of unconjugated bilirubin. Conversely, overexpression of UGT1A1 had a protective effect on hepatocytes. Finally, Schisandrin B, an active ingredient with hepatoprotective effects, extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, which could protect the liver from bilirubin metabolism disorders caused by ugt1a1 deficiency by downregulating p65 phosphorylation, inhibiting Kupffer cells, reducing inflammation levels. Our data clarified the mechanism of liver vulnerability caused by cross-talk between low UGT1A1 activity bilirubin, and provided a reference for individualized prevention of liver fragility in Gilbert's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zibo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Caiyan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Bacou E, Walk C, Rider S, Litta G, Perez-Calvo E. Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:525. [PMID: 33801670 PMCID: PMC8066155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox system is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. When redox homeostasis is disrupted through an increase of reactive oxygen species or a decrease of antioxidants, oxidative distress occurs resulting in multiple tissue and systemic responses and damage. Poultry, swine and fish, raised in commercial conditions, are exposed to different stressors that can affect their productivity. Some dietary stressors can generate oxidative distress and alter the health status and subsequent productive performance of commercial farm animals. For several years, researchers used different dietary stressors to describe the multiple and detrimental effects of oxidative distress in animals. Some of these dietary challenge models, including oxidized fats and oils, exposure to excess heavy metals, soybean meal, protein or amino acids, and feeding diets contaminated with mycotoxins are discussed in this review. A better understanding of the oxidative distress mechanisms associated with dietary stressors allows for improved understanding and evaluation of feed additives as mitigators of oxidative distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bacou
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, F-68128 Village-Neuf, France; (S.R.); (E.P.-C.)
| | - Carrie Walk
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (C.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Sebastien Rider
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, F-68128 Village-Neuf, France; (S.R.); (E.P.-C.)
| | - Gilberto Litta
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (C.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Estefania Perez-Calvo
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, F-68128 Village-Neuf, France; (S.R.); (E.P.-C.)
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Fu H, Gao F, Wang X, Tan P, Qiu S, Shi B, Shan A. Effects of glyphosate-based herbicide-contaminated diets on reproductive organ toxicity and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis hormones in weaned piglets. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115596. [PMID: 33243543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At present, glyphosate (GLP) is the most produced and used herbicide in the world. With the large-scale use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), their toxic effects on animals and plants have increasingly become a concern. Based on the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX) dose (20 mg kg-1) and the dose set by the government (40 mg kg-1), four experimental groups in which Roundup® (R) herbicide was added to the feed of weaned piglets at GLP concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 were designed. The results showed that R had no significant effect on the vulvar size or index of reproductive organs but that it could affect the tissue morphology and ultrastructure of the uterus and ovary. With the increase in GLP concentration, the activities of antioxidant enzymes [SOD (P < 0.05) and GPx (P = 0.002)] in the uterus showed significant increases. Compared with the control group, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the treatment groups increased significantly (P < 0.05), the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the 10 mg kg-1 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. We measured hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA) hormones and also found that GLP significantly increased luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and testosterone (T) content (P < 0.05) and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content (P < 0.05). In summary, although R does not affect the vulvar size or reproductive organ index of weaned piglets, it changes the morphology and ultrastructure of the uterus and ovaries, interferes with the synthesis and secretion of HPOA hormones, and causes changes in the balance of the antioxidant system of uterus. This study provided a theoretical basis for preventing reproductive system harm caused by GBHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Peng Tan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shengnan Qiu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
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Zhang H, Li J, Cao C, Zhang B, Yang W, Shi B, Shan A. Pyrroloquinoline quinone inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines via the SIRT1/NF-κB signal pathway in weaned piglet jejunum. Food Funct 2020; 11:2137-2153. [PMID: 32073012 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine is an important digestive organ and plays a vital role in the life of a pig. In this study, we explored the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on intestinal health and to discussed the interaction between PQQ and vitamin C (VC). A total of 160 healthy piglets weaned at 21 d were randomly divided into four treatment groups according to 2 × 2 factoring. The results showed that dietary PQQ could significantly decrease the levels of plasma globulin, albumin/globulin (A/G), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) (P < 0.05 for each), total bilirubin, (TBIL) (P < 0.01), diamine oxidase (DAO) (P < 0.01) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P < 0.0001) and increase the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P < 0.0001) in the plasma of weaned piglets. Similarly, dietary VC could significantly decrease the levels of plasma globulin, A/G, DAO (P < 0.05 for each) and IgG (P < 0.0001) and increase the levels of IgA and IgM (P < 0.0001) in the plasma of weaned piglets. In addition, dietary PQQ increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (NQO1, UGT1A1, and EPHX1), thereby enhancing (oxidized) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentration and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity in tissues. However, the addition of 200 mg kg-1 VC to the diet containing PQQ reduced most of the effects of PQQ. We further show that PQQ reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2) via the SIRT1/NF-κB deacetylation signaling. In conclusion, our data reveals that PQQ exerts a certain protective effect on the intestines of piglets, but higher concentrations of VC react with PQQ, which inhibits the regulatory mechanism of PQQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinze Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyu Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Boru Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Wu F, Cui J, Yang X, Liu S, Han S, Chen B. Effects of zearalenone on genital organ development, serum immunoglobulin, antioxidant capacity, sex hormones and liver function of prepubertal gilts. Toxicon 2020; 189:39-44. [PMID: 33197481 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the effects of zearalenone on genital organ development, serum immunoglobulin, antioxidant capacity, sex hormones and liver function of prepubertal gilts. Forty-eight prepubertal gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly divided into three treatment (T1, T2 and T3) groups and a control group (12 replicates per group, 1 gilt per replicate). Prepubertal gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with basal diets supplemented with 200 μg/kg, 800 μg/kg and 1600 μg/kg zearalenone during the experiment period, which lasted for 14 d. Feed intake was counted and vulvar area was measured. The blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava of 6 prepubertal gilts in each group, and immunoglobulins, antioxidant indexes, inflammatory cytokines, genital hormones, and biochemical indexes were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of prepubertal gilts in each group had no significant change (p > 0.05). On 14 d, compared with the control group, the vulva area of prepubertal gilts in each treatment group was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum immunoglobulin G content in the T3 group was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The activities of total antioxidant capacity and the superoxide dismutase of serum in the T3 group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum interleukin-4 content in each test group were extremely significantly increased (p < 0.01). The serum contents of luteinizing hormone in the T2 and T3 groups and estradiol in the T3 group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) than that of control group. Compared with the control group, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in T3 group was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, zearalenone has no significantly effect on the feed intake of prepubertal gilts, but it can reduce its serum immunoglobulin contents and antioxidant properties, disrupt the secretion of sex hormones, increase the vulva area, produce reproductive toxicity and cause liver damage. Therefore, in pig production, the use of antimould reagent together with products of immunity-boosting, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective may enhance protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuaijuan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Cheng Q, Jiang SZ, Huang LB, Yang WR, Yang ZB. Zearalenone regulates key factors of the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway in duodenum of post-weaning gilts. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1403-1414. [PMID: 33152220 PMCID: PMC8255894 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the mechanism of the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway under conditions of zearalenone (ZEA)-induced oxidative stress in the duodenum of post-weaning gilts. METHODS Forty post-weaning gilts were randomly allocated to four groups and fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg ZEA. RESULTS The results showed significant reductions in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increases the malondialdehyde content with increasing concentrations of dietary ZEA. Immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings by showing a significantly increased expression of Nrf2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) with increasing concentrations of ZEA. The relative mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, GPX1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05), which was consistent with the immunohistochemical results. The relative mRNA expression of Keap1 decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet. The relative mRNA expression of modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) increased quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups and the relative mRNA expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the ZEA1.0 group and ZEA1.5 group. The relative protein expression of Keap1 and GCLM decreased quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet, respectively. The relative protein expression of NQO1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups in the duodenum. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ZEA regulates the expression of key factors of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the duodenum, which enables resistance to ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of ZEA induced oxidative stress on other tissues and organs in post-weaning gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shu Zhen Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Li Bo Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wei Ren Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zai Bin Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Zhang Y, Hu B, Wang M, Tong J, Pan J, Wang N, Gong P, Long M. Selenium Protects against Zearalenone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Mouse Kidney by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6059058. [PMID: 32850001 PMCID: PMC7439790 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6059058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the molecular mechanism of selenium (Se) protecting against kidney injury induced by zearalenone (ZEA) in mice. The experimental mice were divided into 4 groups including the control group, the Se group, the ZEA group, and the Se+ZEA group; ZEA and Se were administered orally for 28 days. The changes in renal biochemical index (BUN, UA, and CRE), biochemical change of kidney damage such as BUN, UA, and CRE, and oxidative damage such as MDA, T-SOD, and GSH-Px were investigated. Pathological sections and TUNEL staining were used to analyze renal pathological changes and cell apoptosis. qRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to detect the expression of genes and proteins which were related with endoplasmic reticulum stress. The results showed that ZEA increased the concentration of BUN, UA, and CRE and the content of MDA and decreased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in the mouse kidneys. However, Se reversed above changes of the biochemical and antioxidant indexes of renal injury. Moreover, the results also showed that ZEA can increase the expression of Bax, caspase-12, caspase-3, Bip, CHOP, JNK protein, and mRNA and decrease the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA. But Se reversed these proteins and genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. It can be concluded that Se protected against the kidney damage induced by ZEA. Se may protect the kidney from ZEA-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by inhibiting ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jingjing Tong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jianwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Wang M, Yang S, Cai J, Yan R, Meng L, Long M, Zhang Y. Proteomic analysis using iTRAQ technology reveals the toxic effects of zearalenone on the leydig cells of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111405. [PMID: 32389840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that contaminates crops worldwide and is toxic to the reproductive systems of mammals, however, the toxicological mechanism by which ZEA affects germ cells is not fully understood. In this study, proteomic analysis using iTRAQ technology was adopted to determine the cellular response of Leydig cells of rats to ZEA exposure. The results were used to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of the ZEA towards germ cells. After 24 h of exposure to ZEA at a concentration of 30 μmol/L, a total of 128 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Of these, 70 DEPs were up-regulated and 58 DEPs were down-regulated. The DEPs associated with ZEA toxicology were then screened by using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The results show that these DEPs are involved in a number of important ZEA toxicological pathways including apoptosis, immunotoxicity, DNA damage, and signaling pathways. The complex regulatory relationships between the DEPs and ZEA toxicological signaling pathways are also explicitly demonstrated in the form of a protein-protein interaction network. This study thus provides a theoretical molecular basis for understanding the toxicological mechanisms by which ZEA affects germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Rong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Lingqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Fu H, Qiu S, Yao X, Gao F, Tan P, Teng T, Shi B. Toxicity of glyphosate in feed for weanling piglets and the mechanism of glyphosate detoxification by the liver nuclear receptor CAR/PXR pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121707. [PMID: 31776084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP), the most widely used and productive pesticide worldwide, which safety and reliability gradually become a social concern. It is important to explore the toxic of GLP on the limitation level by governments on piglets and the potential role of hepatic CAR/PXR and Keap1-Nrf2 pathways in low levels of glyphosate detoxification. Compared with the control group, the production performance and organ index of GLP group showed no significant change. However, the liver GLP residue of 40 mg/kg group was significantly higher than the control group. We also found that the activity of ALP increased linearly and DBIL content increased quadratically. Furthermore, GLP could significantly increase SOD and GSH-Px and decrease T-AOC and CAT activities and significantly increase MDA and H2O2 contents (P < 0.05); however, the genes expression of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway was not affected. Gene expression of CAR/PXR pathway showed that GLP could significantly stimulate the expression of CAR, but it could not affect the expression of phase Ⅰ (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2A19, CYP3A29), phase Ⅱ (UGT1A6, GSTA1, GSTA2) detoxification enzymes and transporters (MDR1, MRP2, P-gp). Our study showed that although 10-40 mg/kg GLP would inevitably cause some liver damage and dysfunction, it can self-alleviating the toxic effect of GLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shengnan Qiu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xinxin Yao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Peng Tan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Teng Teng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Qiu S, Fu H, Zhou R, Yang Z, Bai G, Shi B. Toxic effects of glyphosate on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and barrier function in weaned piglets. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109846. [PMID: 31677563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
At present, the public is paying more attention to the adverse effects of pesticides on human and animal health and the environment. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum pesticide that is widely used in agricultural production. In this manuscript, the effects of diets containing glyphosate on intestinal morphology, intestinal immune factors, intestinal antioxidant capacity and the mRNA expression associated with the Nrf2 signaling pathway were investigated in weaned piglets. Twenty-eight healthy female hybrid weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly selected with an average weight of 12.24 ± 0.61 kg. Weaned piglets were randomly assigned into 4 treatment groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg glyphosate for a 35-day feeding trial. We found that glyphosate had no effect on intestinal morphology. In the duodenum, glyphosate increased the activities of CAT and SOD (linear, P < 0.05) and increased the levels of MDA (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). In the duodenum, glyphosate remarkably increased the relative mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and NQO1 (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and reduced the relative mRNA expression levels of GPx1, HO-1 and GCLM (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). In the jejunum, glyphosate remarkably increased the relative mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and decreased the relative mRNA expression levels of GCLM (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). Glyphosate increased the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 in the duodenum (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 in the jejunum (linear, P < 0.05). Glyphosate increased the mRNA expression of NF-κB in the jejunum (linear, P = 0.05). Additionally, the results demonstrated that glyphosate linearly decreased the ZO-1 mRNA expression levels in the jejunum and the mRNA expression of claudin-1 in the duodenum (P < 0.05). In the duodenum, glyphosate increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 (linear, P = 0.025). Overall, glyphosate exposure may result in oxidative stress in the intestines of piglets, which can be alleviated by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and self-detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Qiu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ruiying Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Guangdong Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Yoon JE, Lee KY, Seok JS, Cheng WN, Kwon HC, Jeong CH, Han SG. Zearalenone Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Modulates the Expression of Phase I/II Enzymes in Human Liver Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:E2. [PMID: 31861425 PMCID: PMC7020402 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species; however, its mechanisms of action in human livers have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated the toxic mechanisms of ZEN in human liver cells. HepG2 cells were treated with ZEN (0-40 μg/mL) for up to 24 h. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed after treatment with 20 and 40 μg/mL of ZEN, including a significant increase in apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. ZEN increased GRP78 and CHOP, and eIF2α phosphorylation, indicating ER stress; elevated transcription of the autophagy-associated genes, beclin1 and LC3, and translation of LC3; and increased phase I metabolism by increasing PXR and CYP3A4. The protein expression level of CYP3A4 was higher with ZEN treatment up to 20 μg/mL, but remained at the control level after treatment with 40 μg/mL ZEN. In phase II metabolism, Nrf2 activation and UGT1A expression were increased with ZEN treatment up to 20 μg/mL. Treating cells with an ER stress inhibitor alleviated ZEN-induced cell death and autophagy, and inhibited the expression of phase I/II enzymes. Overall, high ZEN concentrations can modulate the expression of phase I/II enzymes via ER stress and reduced protein levels in human liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Yoon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Kwang Yong Lee
- R & D department, Morningbio Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31111, Korea;
| | - Jin Sil Seok
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Wei Nee Cheng
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Hyuk Cheol Kwon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Chang Hee Jeong
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.E.Y.); (J.S.S.); (W.N.C.); (H.C.K.); (C.H.J.)
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Marin DE, Pistol GC, Bulgaru CV, Taranu I. Cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of individual and combined exposure of HepG2 cells to zearalenone and its metabolites. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:937-947. [PMID: 30919009 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium spp., is most commonly found as a contaminant in stored grain. ZEA derivatives (α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), β-zearalenol (β-ZOL)) can also be produced by Fusarium spp. in corn stems infected by fungi in the field. Also, following oral exposure, zearalenone is metabolized in various tissues, particularly in the liver, the major metabolites being α-ZOL and β-ZOL. The co-exposure of cells to mixture of a combination of mycotoxins may cause an increase of toxicity produced by these mycotoxins. In this in vitro study, we investigated the combined effects of ZEA, α-ZOL, β-ZOL in binary mixtures on the viability and inflammatory response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Cell viability was assessed after 72 h using a neutral red assay. Effect of the toxins and their binary combinations on the expression of genes involved in inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8) were assessed through qPCR. Our viability data showed that irrespective of the toxin combinations, the toxins have synergistic effect. ZEA + α-ZOL and ZEA + β-ZOL mixtures have induced a slight to high antagonistic response on inflammatory cytokines at low concentrations that have turned into strong synergism for high concentrations. α-ZOL + β-ZOL showed antagonistic effects on inflammation for IL-1β and TNF-α, but act synergic for IL-8 at high toxin concentrations. This study clearly shows that co-contamination of food and feed with ZEA metabolites should be taken into consideration, as the co-exposure to mycotoxins might result in stronger adverse effect than resulted from the exposure to individual toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - G C Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - C V Bulgaru
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - I Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
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Wang M, Wu W, Li L, He J, Huang S, Chen S, Chen J, Long M, Yang S, Li P. Analysis of the miRNA Expression Profiles in the Zearalenone-Exposed TM3 Leydig Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E635. [PMID: 30717214 PMCID: PMC6386897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), an important environmental pollutant, can cause serious harm to human and animal health. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of zearalenone (ZEN) on miRNA expression profiles in the mouse Leydig cell line (TM3 Leydig cell line) by miRNA sequencing. The effect of ZEN on the viability of TM3 Leydig cells was verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). MiRNA sequencing was performed 24 h after the exposure of TM3 Leydig cells with 50 μmol/L of ZEN. Bioinformatics predicted the miRNA target genes, performed Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and conducted miRNA-gene-pathway mapping to show the relationship between miRNA, the target gene, and the signalling pathway. The expression levels of miRNA and the miRNA target genes associated with ZEN toxicology were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The miRNA sequencing revealed a significant change (p < 0.05) in the 197 miRNAs in the ZEN-treated and control groups, among which 86 were up-regulated and 111 were down-regulated. GO analysis of the target genes of these miRNAs indicated various biological functions. KEGG analysis showed that the predicted miRNA target genes were involved in signalling pathways, such as cancer, apoptosis, and oxidation, namely, the Ras signalling pathway, Rap1 signalling pathway, PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, Foxo signalling pathway, and AMPK signalling pathway. These results suggest that ZEN, as an estrogen-like toxin, is regulated by microRNAs. Our results can help to examine the toxicological effects of ZEN-regulated miRNAs on germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
- Fushun modern agriculture and poverty alleviation and development promotion center, Fushun 113006, China.
| | - Jianbin He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Rong X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang D, Jiang Y, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D. The Significance of Regulatory MicroRNAs: Their Roles in Toxicodynamics of Mycotoxins and in the Protection Offered by Dietary Therapeutics Against Mycotoxin-Induced Toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:48-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; The Univ. of Auckland; Private Bag Auckland 92019 New Zealand
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- Shandong Inst. of Pomology; Taian Shandong 271000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety of Shandong Province; Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
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Zhong Y, Li S, Chen L, Liu Z, Luo X, Xu P, Chen L. In Vivo Toxicity of Solasonine and Its Effects on cyp450 Family Gene Expression in the Livers of Male Mice from Four Strains. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120487. [PMID: 30477109 PMCID: PMC6315709 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solasonine was reported to inhibit tumour cell growth in several different models. The in vivo toxicity of solasonine, the effects of genetic background on its toxicity, and its possible roles in regulating the expression of cyp450 family genes were still unclear and required characterisation. Here, Horn’s assays were performed on male mice from four different strains, and the expression of cyp450 family genes in their livers was examined by RT-PCR and ELISA. Mice treated by intraperitoneal injection with high levels of solasonine showed immediate post-excitatory depression, intraperitoneal tissue adhesion, and dissolving of cells in the liver. Furthermore, these four mouse strains showed different toxicological sensitivity to solasonine. The strains, in decreasing order of LD50 value, rescuing speed of body weight, and more severe pathological symptoms, were KM, ICR, C57BL/6, and BALB/c. Interestingly, more cyp450 genes were downregulated at the mRNA and/or protein level in the livers of male mice from C57BL/6 or BALB/c strains than those from KM or ICR strains. These results suggest that (1) Solasonine has hepatic toxicity and downregulates cyp450 genes expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels; (2) Genetic background is an important factor which can affect the in vivo toxicity; (3) Downregulation of cyp450 gene expression in the liver may be a clue to help understand whether or not a given strain is sensitive to solasonine; (4) Influences on the expression of cyp450 genes should be considered when using solasonine alone, or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbao Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Liling Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Lai Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Modified Palygorskite Improves Immunity, Antioxidant Ability, Intestinal Morphology, and Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens Fed Naturally Contaminated Diet with Permitted Feed Concentrations of Fusarium Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110482. [PMID: 30463306 PMCID: PMC6267430 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated effects of modified palygorskite (MPal) on immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier integrity in broiler chickens challenged with permitted feed Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations. One-day-old chicks were allocated into three treatments with eight replicates. Chickens in three groups were fed a basal diet with normal corn (control), contaminated diet containing moldy corn, with Fusarium mycotoxins contents in the diets lower than permitted feed mycotoxin concentrations, and the contaminated diet supplemented with 1 g/kg MPal for 42 days, respectively. Compared with control, moldy corn decreased bursa of Fabricius weight, jejunal secreted immunoglobulin A concentration, ileal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, jejunal and ileal villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) ratio, and jejunal zonula occludens-1 and mucin 2 mRNA abundances at 42 days as well as ileal VH/CD ratio at 21 days; while they increased jejunal malondialdehyde accumulation at 21 and 42 days, jejunal SOD activity at 21 days, and serum diamine oxidase activity at 42 days, which were almost recovered by MPal. Moreover, dietary MPal upregulated ileal claudin-2 mRNA abundance compared with other two groups. The results indicated that MPal addition exerted protective effects on immunity, oxidative status, and intestinal barrier integrity in chickens challenged with permitted feed Fusarium mycotoxins levels.
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Wang BJ, Zheng WL, Feng NN, Wang T, Zou H, Gu JH, Yuan Y, Liu XZ, Liu ZP, Bian JC. The Effects of Autophagy and PI3K/AKT/m-TOR Signaling Pathway on the Cell-Cycle Arrest of Rats Primary Sertoli Cells Induced by Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100398. [PMID: 30274213 PMCID: PMC6215106 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of Zearalenone (ZEA) will perturb the differentiation of germ cells, and induce a death of germ cells, but the toxic mechanism and molecular mechanism remain unclear. The Sertoli cells (SCs) play an irreplaceable role in spermatogenesis. In order to explore the potential mechanism of ZEA male reproductive toxicity, we studied the effects of ZEA on cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution, cell-cycle-related proteins and autophagy-related pathway the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in primary cultured rats SCs, and the effects of autophagy and PI3K/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway on the SCs cell-cycle arrest induced by ZEA treated with the autophagy promoter RAPA, autophagy inhibitor CQ, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, respectively. The data revealed that ZEA could inhibit the proliferation of SCs by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and trigger the autophagy via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway. Promoting or inhibiting the level of autophagy could either augment or reverse the arrest of cell cycle. And it was regulated by PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway. Taken together, this study provides evidence that autophagy and PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway are involved in regulating rats primary SCs cell-cycle arrest due to ZEA in vitro. To some extent, ZEA-induced autophagy plays a protective role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Wang-Long Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Nan-Nan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jian-Hong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xue-Zhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zong-Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jian-Chun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Su Y, Sun Y, Ju D, Chang S, Shi B, Shan A. The detoxification effect of vitamin C on zearalenone toxicity in piglets. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:284-292. [PMID: 29715633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), one of the more virulent mycotoxins occurred in various cereals and feed during recent decades and made serious health hazards to plants, animals and humans. Vitamin C (Vc) has been shown to be an effective antidote to zearalenone. In this paper, the effects of diets containing zearalenone on the growth performance, genital organ and immunoglobulin of weaning piglets and the toxicity alleviation of vitamin C were studied. Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age and 32 healthy female hybrid weaning piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large white) with a mean weight of 12.27 ± 0.30 kg were randomly selected. The thirty-two female weaning piglets were divided into four treatment groups according to body weight: control; basal diet + vitamin C (150 mg/kg); basal diet + 1.0 mg/kg ZEN; basal diet + 1 mg/kg ZEN+vitamin C (150 mg/kg). There were eight replicates in each group. The test period was twenty-eight days. The results demonstrated that dietary zearalenone could significantly increase the length, width and area of vulva (P < 0.05), the genital organ coefficient (P < 0.05), the level of IgA, IgG and IgM (P < 0.05), the level of BUN, CRE, AST and TBIL (P < 0.05), and significantly decrease the level of E2, PROG, LH and FSH (P < 0.05). However, the addition of 150 mg/kg vitamin C to dietary zearalenone prevented deformities in the vulva, decrease in immune response capacity, changes in serum biochemical indicators and disorders in hormones level of the piglets that received the diet containing only zearalenone. In conclusion, feeding ZEN of 1.0 mg/kg can result in a deleterious effect on piglets, which was totally or partly ameliorated by dietary supplementation of vitamin C at concentrations about 150 mg/kg diet. This study systematically investigated the inhibition mechanism of vitamin C on ZEN-induced reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity and hematological toxicity of piglets, and which provided new ideas for reducing the harm of mycotoxins to the animals through means of nutrition regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Daxin Ju
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Siying Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
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Long M, Chen X, Wang N, Wang M, Pan J, Tong J, Li P, Yang S, He J. Proanthocyanidins Protect Epithelial Cells from Zearalenone-Induced Apoptosis via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis Pathways in Mouse Small Intestines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071508. [PMID: 29933637 PMCID: PMC6099583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of proanthocyanidins (PCs) on reducing apoptosis in the mouse intestinal epithelial cell model MODE-K exposed to zearalenone (ZEA) through inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced apoptosis pathway. Our results showed that PCs could reduce the rate of apoptosis in MODE-K cells exposed to ZEA (p < 0.01). PCs significantly increased the ZEA-induced antioxidant protective effects on the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and on the content of GSH. PCs also significantly decreased the ZEA-induced increase in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). The analysis indicated that ZEA increased both mRNA and protein expression levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), GRP78, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 12 (caspase-12) (p < 0.05), which are related to the ERS-induced apoptosis pathway. ZEA decreased levels of the pro-apoptotic related protein Bcl-2 (p < 0.05) and increased the anti-apoptotic related protein Bax (p < 0.05). Co-treatment with PCs was also shown to significantly reverse the expression levels of these proteins in MODE-K cells. The results demonstrated that PCs could protect MODE-K cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ZEA. The underlying mechanism may be that PCs can alleviate apoptosis in mouse intestinal epithelial cells by inhibition of the ERS-induced apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xinliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jiawen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jingjing Tong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jianbin He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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