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Chen J, Wu G, Zhu L, Karrar E, Zhang H. A review of the functional activities of chia seed and the mechanisms of action related to molecular targets. Food Funct 2024; 15:1158-1169. [PMID: 38239106 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, as a functional potential pseudocereal, chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) has been of great interest for its comprehensive nutritional profile and attractive qualities after ingestion. It is reported that a reasonable dietary supplementation of chia seed (CS) contributes to the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic diseases (inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, kidney stone, etc.). CS contains a variety of bioactive macromolecular substances, such as oil, protein and gum, which manifest distinguished health-promoting activities in both in vivo and in vitro research studies. This article provides a comprehensive compendium on the functional importance of CS, in the context of biological activities and mechanism of actions of CS. Specifically, CS and its components alleviate inflammation and regulate glucose and fatty acid metabolism by regulating key influencing factors in the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), peroxisome-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathways and the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-mediated insulin signaling pathway. In the meantime, predictions of metabolic pathways of CS peptides based on the known tracks of newly researched active peptides were proposed, with the aim of emphasizing the enormous research space of CS peptides compared to other functional active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi 214122, China
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Nakai A, Lee D, Shoda C, Negishi K, Nakashizuka H, Yamagami S, Kurihara T. Modulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expressions by Superfood Camu-Camu ( Myrciaria dubia) Treatment in ARPE-19 and Fetal Human RPE Cells. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:6617981. [PMID: 38187496 PMCID: PMC10771337 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6617981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy via intravitreal injection is an effective treatment for patients with abnormal ocular neovascularization, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). However, prolonged and frequent anti-VEGF treatment is associated with a risk of local and systemic adverse events, including geographic atrophy, cerebrovascular disease, and death. Furthermore, some patients do not adequately respond to anti-VEGF therapy. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of hypoxia-responsive genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation, and metabolism. The HIF/VEGF pathway plays an important role in neovascularization, and the inhibition of HIF activation could be an effective biomolecular target for neovascular diseases. The demand for disease prevention or treatment using functional foods such as superfoods has increased in recent years. Few reports to date have focused on the antineovascular effects of superfoods in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In light of the growing demand for functional foods, we aimed to find novel HIF inhibitors from superfoods worked in RPE cells, which could be an adjuvant for anti-VEGF therapy. Methods Seven superfoods were examined to identify novel HIF inhibitor candidates using luciferase assay screening. We used the human RPE cell line ARPE-19 and fetal human RPE (fhRPE) to investigate the biomolecular actions of novel HIF inhibitors using quantitative PCR and western blotting. Results Under CoCl2-induced pseudohypoxic condition and 1% oxygen hypoxic incubation, camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) showed HIF inhibitory effects determined by luciferase assays. Camu-camu downregulated HIF-1α and VEGFA mRNA expressions in a concentration-dependent manner. Camu-camu also inhibited HIF-1α protein expressions, and its inhibitory effect was greater than that of vitamin C, which is present at high levels in camu-camu. Conclusion The camu-camu extract suppressed the activation of HIF and VEGF in RPE cells. This could assist anti-VEGF therapy in patients with abnormal ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiho Shoda
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Yamagami
- Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zheng C, An T, Liang Z, Lv B, Liu Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Liu N, Tao S, Deng R, Liu J, Jiang G. Revealing the mechanism of quinoa on type 2 diabetes based on intestinal flora and taste pathways. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7930-7945. [PMID: 38107122 PMCID: PMC10724620 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of quinoa on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice model. In this context, we induced the T2DM mice model with a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ), followed by treatment with a quinoa diet. To explore the impact of quinoa on the intestinal flora, we predicted and validated its potential mechanism of hypoglycemic effect through network pharmacology, molecular docking, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that quinoa could significantly improve abnormal glucolipid metabolism in T2DM mice. Further analysis showed that quinoa contributed to the improvement of gut microbiota composition positively. Moreover, it could downregulate the expression of TAS1R3 and TRPM5 in the colon. A total of 72 active components were identified by network pharmacology. Among them, TAS1R3 and TRPM5 were successfully docked with the core components of quinoa. These findings confirm that quinoa may exert hypoglycemic effects through gut microbiota and the TAS1R3/TRPM5 taste signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Yan Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Tian An
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zheng‐Ting Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Bo‐Han Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Tong Liu
- Gansu Pure High‐Land Agricultural Science and Technology Limited CompanyLanzhouChina
- Zhong Li Science and Technology Limited CompanyBeijingChina
| | - Xue‐Hong Hu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yue‐Lin Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Nan‐Nan Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Si‐Yu Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ru‐Xue Deng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Xian Liu
- Gansu Pure High‐Land Agricultural Science and Technology Limited CompanyLanzhouChina
- Zhong Li Science and Technology Limited CompanyBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Jian Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Castro-Gerónimo VD, García-Rodríguez RV, Sánchez-Medina A, Chamorro-Cevallos GA, Sánchez-González DJ, Méndez-Bolaina E. C-Phycocyanin: A Phycobiliprotein from Spirulina with Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress Effects. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37668603 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina maxima is a cyanobacterium considered a "superfood" due to its metabolites and nutrient content. These include a complex mixture of minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, proteins, and accessory pigments. In recent years, it has positioned itself as a promising source of bioactive molecules for the treatment of several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, coronary diseases, cancer, and the improvement of health modulating oxidative stress. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a photosynthetic pigment from green-blue cyanobacterium and the most abundant phycobiliprotein in the Spirulina genus with various pharmacological properties attributed due to its antioxidant capacity but has no specific cellular target. This has made it a molecule of great interest in biomedical research. This review focuses on the pharmacological effects and the benefits on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress of C-PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van D Castro-Gerónimo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Quimiometría, Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | | | - Alberto Sánchez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Quimiometría, Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - German A Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de la Reproducción y la Fertilidad, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Enrique Méndez-Bolaina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
- Maestría en Ciencias en Procesos Biológicos-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, México
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Hjazi A. The effects of Capsicum annuum supplementation on lipid profiles in adults with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3859-3866. [PMID: 37344950 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The electiveness of Capsicum annuum supplementation in controlling dyslipidemia in adults has been unclear. Therefore, this meta-analysis focuses on the relationship between C. annuum supplementation and lipid profile in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to March 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the administration of C. annuum compared to control on lipid markers in adults with MetS and related disorders were examined. Pooled effect sizes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results of four eligible RCTs showed that C. annuum supplementation could significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -4.98 mg/dL, 95% CI: -7.08 to -2.88, p ≤ 0.001) levels, but did not regulate triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. In summary, the present findings suggest the beneficial effects of C. annuum supplementation on the reduction of plasma levels of TC. However, to draw a firm link between C. annuum supplementation and lipid profile, more trials with adequate sample sizes, specifically in subjects with dyslipidemia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Pires C. Superfoods for Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review and Proposal for New International Recommendations. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1184. [PMID: 37511996 PMCID: PMC10384771 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting an estimated 537 million individuals worldwide. 'Superfoods' can be integrated into the diet of T2DM patients due to their health benefits. Study Objectives: (i) To carry out a narrative review of 'superfoods' with the potential to reduce glycaemic levels in T2DM patients (2019 to 2022), (ii) to identify 'superfoods' with the potential to reduce HbA1c and (iii) to propose new guidance on the use of 'superfoods'. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was carried out using the databases PubMed, SciELO, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The keywords were ["type 2 diabetes" and ("food" or "diet" or "nutrition") and ("glycaemia" or "glycemia")]. Only review studies were included. Results: Thirty reviews were selected. The 'superfoods' identified as having a potential impact on glycaemic control were foods with polyphenols (e.g., berries), fermented dairy products, whole cereals/grains, nuts and proteins, among others. The possibility of an extensive reduction in Hb1Ac was reported for fermented dairy products, especially yoghurts enriched with vitamin D or probiotics (HbA1c reduction of around 1%) or by increasing the fibre intake by 15 g (or up to 35 g) (HbA1c reduction of around 2%). Conclusion: It is recommended that the identified 'superfoods' are included in the diet of T2DM patients, although this should not substitute an appropriate diet and exercise plan. In particular, yoghurts and an increased fibre intake (by 15 g or up to 35 g) can be used as nutraceuticals. New recommendations on the introduction of 'superfoods' in the diet of T2DM patients have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pires
- CBIOS-Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
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Saleh MHA, Decker A, Tattan M, Tattan O, Decker J, Alrmali A, Wang HL. Supplement Consumption and Periodontal Health: An Exploratory Survey Using the BigMouth Repository. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:919. [PMID: 37241151 PMCID: PMC10223792 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplements have been investigated for their impact on the periodontal apparatus (alveolar bone, mucosa, periodontal ligament, and cementum) and their hypothetical protective role against periodontitis. There remains a gap in the field in this area. Thus, the present study aims to examine the correlation between populations who report taking different dietary supplements and their relative periodontal health. METHODS The BigMouth dental data repository derived from the dental Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of the University of Michigan school of dentistry was used to extract data relating to all patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of periodontitis compared to periodontal health as related to supplement consumption was assessed. RESULTS A total of 118,426 individuals (55,459 males and 62,967 females) with self-reported consumption of the dietary supplements of interest were identified in the University of Michigan database via the BigMouth repository. Associations with the following vitamins were investigated, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Multivitamins, Fish oil, Calcium, Omega 3, Saw palmetto, Zinc, Sildenafil, Flax seed, Folic acid, Garlic pills, Ginger pills, Ginko, Ginseng, Glucosamine, Iron, and Magnesium. Out of these supplements, only multivitamins and iron were found to significantly favor periodontal health, while folic acid and vitamin E significantly favored periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS This study found a minimal association between the consumption of dietary supplements with periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H. A. Saleh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ann Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mustafa Tattan
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Omar Tattan
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joseph Decker
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abdusalam Alrmali
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Health-promoting approaches of the use of chia seeds. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
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The Role of Flaxseed in Improving Human Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030395. [PMID: 36766971 PMCID: PMC9914786 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed contains high amounts of biologically active components such as α-linolenic acid, lignans, and dietary fiber. Due to its numerous nutritional properties, flaxseed has been classified as a "superfood", that is, a food of natural origin with various bioactive components and many health-promoting benefits. Flaxseed consumption can be an important factor in the prevention of diseases, particularly related to nutrition. The regular consumption of flaxseed may help to improve lipid profile and lower blood pressure, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Moreover, flaxseed is characterized by anticancer and antioxidant properties and can significantly reduce the intensity of symptoms associated with menopause, constipation, and mental fatigue, improve skin condition, and accelerate wound healing. In addition to its bioactive compounds, flaxseed also contains antinutrients such as cyanogenic glycosides (CGs), cadmium, trypsin inhibitors, and phytic acid that can reduce the bioavailability of essential nutrients and/or limit its health-promoting effects. Three common forms of flaxseed available for human consumption include whole flaxseed, ground flaxseed, and flaxseed oil. The bioavailability of ALA and lignans is also dependent on the form of flaxseed consumed. To ensure high bioavailability of its bioactive components, flaxseed should be consumed in the ground form.
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Ghalandari H, Askarpour M, Setayesh L, Ghaedi E. Effect of plum supplementation on blood pressure, weight indices, and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:285-295. [PMID: 36513468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome and its components are major health concerns around the world. Among various factors, overweight/obesity, its consequent inflammation, and hypertension are of special importance. Plums are anti-oxidant-rich fruits which have long been investigated for their health benefits. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the possible impact of plum supplementation on obesity, inflammation, and blood pressure. METHODS All of the major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, Google Scholar and EMBASE) were searched to obtain the articles eligible for the review. Relevant data was extracted for the final analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was obtained using fixed and random effect models. The main outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC) and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Crude search provided 3121 articles, among which 11 were eligible to be included. After crude and subgroup analysis, we were unable to detect any significant impact of plum supplementation on body weight (weight mean difference (WMD) of 0.04 kg; 95% CI: -1.55, 1.63, p = 0.959), BMI (WMD 0.39 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.90, p = 0.125), body fat percentage (WMD = 0.59%; 95% CI: -0.41, 1.59, p = 0.249), waist circumference (WMD = 0.60 cm; 95% CI: -1.83, 3.04, p = 0.627), systolic blood pressure (WMD -1.24 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.08, 0.59, p = 0.185), diastolic blood pressure (WMD -4.32 mmHg (95% CI: -9.29, 0.65, p = 0.089), or inflammation indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = 0.23 mg/l; 95% CI: -0.27, 0.73, p = 0.371). CONCLUSION Our results show that plum supplementation has no positive effect on factors of metabolic syndrome. We recommend that further research in the form of clinical trials be conducted to make a clear conclusion as of the effectiveness of plum supplementation on parameters of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Domínguez R, Lorenzo JM, Pateiro M, Munekata PES, Alves Dos Santos B, Basso Pinton M, Cichoski AJ, Bastianello Campagnol PC. Main animal fat replacers for the manufacture of healthy processed meat products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2513-2532. [PMID: 36123812 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The technological, sensory, and nutritional characteristics of meat products are directly related to their animal fat content. Adding animal fat to meat products significantly influences their sensory properties, such as color, taste, and aroma. In addition, the physicochemical properties of fat decisively contribute to the texture of meat products, playing a fundamental role in improving the properties of viscosity, creaminess, chewiness, cohesiveness, and hardness. However, meat products' high animal fat content makes them detrimental to a healthy diet. Therefore, reducing the fat content of meat products is an urgent need, but it is a challenge for researchers and the meat industry. The fat reduction in meat products without compromising the product's quality and with minor impacts on the production costs is not a simple task. Thus, strategies to reduce the fat content of meat products should be studied with caution. During the last decades, several fat replacers were tested, but among all of them, the use of flours and fibers, hydrocolloids, mushrooms, and some animal proteins (such as whey and collagen) presented promising results. Additionally, multiple strategies to gel oils of vegetable origin are also a current topic of study, and these have certain advantages such as their appearance (attempts to imitate animal fat), while also improving the nutritional profile of the lipid fraction of the products meat. However, each of these fat substitutes has both advantages and limitations in their use, which will be discussed in subsequent sections. Therefore, due to the growing interest in this issue, this review focuses on the main substitutes for animal fat used in the production of meat products, offering detailed and updated information on the latest discoveries and advances in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spai
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spai
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spai
| | - Paulo E S Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spai
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Vetrani C, Piscitelli P, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, Graziadio C, Marino F, Colao A. "Planeterranea": An attempt to broaden the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet worldwide. Front Nutr 2022; 9:973757. [PMID: 36118764 PMCID: PMC9480100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.973757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) lead to a dramatic burden on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for NCDs, with Mediterranean Diet (MD) being one of the most effective dietary strategies to reduce diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Nevertheless, MD transferability to non-Mediterranean is challenging and requires a shared path between the scientific community and stakeholders. Therefore, the UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development is fostering a research project-"Planeterranea"-aiming to identify a healthy dietary pattern based on food products available in the different areas of the world with the nutritional properties of MD. This review aimed to collect information about eating habits and native crops in 5 macro-areas (North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australia). The information was used to develop specific "nutritional pyramids" based on the foods available in the macro-areas presenting the same nutritional properties and health benefits of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Marino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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13
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A novel and efficient concentration of pomegranate juice with enhanced antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2022; 387:132901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Hassoun A, Harastani R, Jagtap S, Trollman H, Garcia-Garcia G, Awad NMH, Zannou O, Galanakis CM, Goksen G, Nayik GA, Riaz A, Maqsood S. Truths and myths about superfoods in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:585-602. [PMID: 35930325 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, during the current COVID-19 pandemic, consumers increasingly seek foods that not only fulfill the basic need (i.e., satisfying hunger) but also enhance human health and well-being. As a result, more attention has been given to some kinds of foods, termed "superfoods," making big claims about their richness in valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds as well as their capability to prevent illness, reinforcing the human immune system, and improve overall health.This review is an attempt to uncover truths and myths about superfoods by giving examples of the most popular foods (e.g., berries, pomegranates, watermelon, olive, green tea, several seeds and nuts, honey, salmon, and camel milk, among many others) that are commonly reported as having unique nutritional, nutraceutical, and functional characteristics.While superfoods have become a popular buzzword in blog articles and social media posts, scientific publications are still relatively marginal. The reviewed findings show that COVID-19 has become a significant driver for superfoods consumption. Food Industry 4.0 innovations have revolutionized many sectors of food technologies, including the manufacturing of functional foods, offering new opportunities to improve the sensory and nutritional quality of such foods. Although many food products have been considered superfoods and intensively sought by consumers, scientific evidence for their beneficial effectiveness and their "superpower" are yet to be provided. Therefore, more research and collaboration between researchers, industry, consumers, and policymakers are still needed to differentiate facts from marketing gimmicks and promote human health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Hassoun
- Sustainable AgriFoodtch Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
- Syrian Academic Expertise (SAE), Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Rania Harastani
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Sandeep Jagtap
- Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Hana Trollman
- Department of Work, Employment, Management and Organisations, School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Agrifood System Economics, Centre 'Camino de Purchil', Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Granada, Spain
| | - Nour M H Awad
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oscar Zannou
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Charis M Galanakis
- Department of Research & Innovation, Galanakis Laboratories, Chania, Greece
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Government Degree College, Shopian, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Asad Riaz
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Prevalence of Use of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine by the General Population: A Systematic Review of National Studies Published from 2010 to 2019. Drug Saf 2022; 45:713-735. [PMID: 35788539 PMCID: PMC9296440 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) refers to a broad range of health practices and products typically not part of the 'conventional medicine' system, and its use is substantial among the general population. TCAM products and therapies may be used in addition to, or instead of, conventional medicine approaches, and some have been associated with adverse reactions or other harms. Objectives The aims of this systematic review were to identify and examine recently published national studies globally on the prevalence of TCAM use in the general population, to review the research methods used in these studies and to propose best practices for future studies exploring prevalence of use of TCAM. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and AMED were searched to identify relevant studies published since 2010. Articles/reports describing the prevalence of TCAM use in a national study among the general population were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using a risk of bias tool developed by Hoy et al. Relevant data were extracted and summarised. Results Forty studies from 14 countries, comprising 21 national surveys and one cross-national survey, were included. Studies explored the use of TCAM products (e.g. herbal medicines), TCAM practitioners/therapies, or both. Included studies used different TCAM definitions, prevalence time frames and data collection tools, methods and analyses, thereby limiting comparability across studies. The reported prevalence of use of TCAM (products and/or practitioners/therapies) over the previous 12 months was 24–71.3%. Conclusion The reported prevalence of use of TCAM (products and/or practitioners/therapies) is high, but may underestimate use. Published prevalence data varied considerably, at least in part because studies utilise different data collection tools, methods and operational definitions, limiting cross-study comparisons and study reproducibility. For best practice, comprehensive, detailed data on TCAM exposures are needed, and studies should report an operational definition (including the context of TCAM use, products/practices/therapies included and excluded), publish survey questions and describe the data-coding criteria and analysis approach used. Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) includes products (e.g. herbal medicines, dietary supplements) and therapies/practices (e.g. chiropractic, acupuncture), and is a popular healthcare choice for many people. This study systematically reviewed national surveys of TCAM use around the world. We identified studies carried out in 14 different countries and one continent (Europe) on the extent of use of TCAM in the general population. TCAM use was found to be substantial, ranging from 24 to 71.3% in different countries. National surveys use different methods and different survey questionnaires. Some studies did not publish the survey questionnaire that they used and/or did not describe the types of TCAM included in the study. This means that it is not possible to compare the results between countries or to do further data analysis. For example, the survey questions from different countries asked people if they had ‘used’ or ‘seen a practitioner’ for a specific therapy, such as homeopathy. These questions look similar, but could elicit different answers from people. This means that the answers to these questions cannot be pooled together or compared directly. Also, some studies collected information on use of a category of TCAM products, such as herbal medicines, but other studies collected information on use of specific herbal medicines, such as St John’s wort. New surveys of the extent of use of TCAM should provide full information on the types of TCAM products, practices and therapies included in the study and consider collecting comprehensive information on use of specific TCAM products, practices and therapies.
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Franco Lucas B, Alberto Vieira Costa J, Brunner TA. How Information on Superfoods Changes Consumers’ Attitudes: An Explorative Survey Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131863. [PMID: 35804679 PMCID: PMC9265700 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing interest in healthy habits has created the market for what is commonly called “superfoods.” The goal of this study was to explore Swiss consumers’ initial and final attitudes toward superfoods as well as their change in attitude toward those foods after being provided selected information. A questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the individual traits of the respondents. The attitudes were assessed at the beginning and end of the survey. Four multiple regression analyses were performed. The results showed that consumers perceiving superfoods’ health benefits and expressing an interest in organic foods were associated with initial and positive attitudes. These predictors remained significantly related to the positive attitude at the end of the survey. Sociodemographic predictors (age and place of residence) were significant factors, with older people and individuals who lived in urban centers showing a higher propensity to improve their attitudes toward superfoods. Individuals with lower perceptions about the benefits of superfoods being healthy and lower levels of cultural participation showed a negative attitude change. Given that this study aims to shed light on the variables that influence the behavior of Swiss consumers toward the superfoods trend, it fills a significant gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Franco Lucas
- Food Science and Management, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), Bern University of Applied Sciences, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland;
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), P.O. Box 474, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), P.O. Box 474, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Thomas A. Brunner
- Food Science and Management, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), Bern University of Applied Sciences, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Chopra C, Dantas A, Verma R, Dosoky NS, Kumar D. Phyto-Enrichment of Yogurt to Control Hypercholesterolemia: A Functional Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113479. [PMID: 35684416 PMCID: PMC9182380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for normal human health, but elevations in its serum levels have led to the development of various complications, including hypercholesterolemia (HC). Cholesterol accumulation in blood circulation formsplaques on artery walls and worsens the individuals’ health. To overcome this complication, different pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are employed to reduce elevated blood cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are the most commonly used drugs, but their prolonged use leads to several acute side effects. In recent decades, the potential benefit of ingesting yogurt on lipid profile has attracted the interest of researchers and medical professionals worldwide. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge about HC and the different therapeutic approaches. It also discusses the health benefits of yogurt consumption and highlights the overlooked phyto-enrichment option to enhance the yogurt’s quality. Finally, clinical studies using different phyto-enriched yogurts for HC management are also reviewed. Yogurt has a rich nutritional value, but its processing degrades the content of minerals, vitamins, and other vital constituents with beneficial health effects. The option of enriching yogurt with phytoconstituents has drawn a lot of attention. Different pre-clinical and clinical studies have provided new insights on their benefits on gut microbiota and human health. Thus, the yogurtphyto-enrichment with stanol and β-glucan have opened new paths in functional food industries and found healthy andeffective alternatives for HC all along with conventional treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.C.-M.); (N.S.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, Germany;
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Adriana Dantas
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Noura S. Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Correspondence: (N.C.-M.); (N.S.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (N.C.-M.); (N.S.D.); (D.K.)
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Abstract
The term “superfood” is linked to food that is beneficial to health. However, there is no legal or clear scientific definition, and little is known about individual perceptions of this food group. Therefore, an online survey was conducted (n = 1006 respondents) to assess the public’s understanding of superfoods in Germany, including (a) the conceptual understanding of the term “superfood”, (b) corresponding consumption behavior, and (c) the risk–benefit appraisal. In total, 70% of respondents were aware of the term “superfood”, and 33% reported consuming superfoods at least once a week. The term was mainly associated with positive food properties, such as “healthy” and “contains vitamins”. Health benefits were rated to be much higher than potential health risks. In addition, imported foods were more likely to be labelled as superfoods, compared to domestic equivalents. In further analyses, we found women, younger people, and organic buyers to have an even more positive impression. That is, specific parts of the population may be particularly attracted to superfood products. Therefore, target-group specific information campaigns can be a useful tool to increase the population’s awareness of the potential health risks of superfood consumption and to highlight the presence of equivalent “domestic superfoods” in Germany.
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Rebocho S, Mano F, Cassel E, Anacleto B, Bronze MDR, Paiva A, Duarte ARC. Fractionated extraction of polyphenols from mate tea leaves using a combination of hydrophobic/ hydrophilic NADES. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:571-580. [PMID: 35330867 PMCID: PMC8938280 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A new methodology for the selective extraction of antioxidants from mate tea leaves (and decaffeinated mate tea leaves), using different natural deep eutectic systems (NADES), is reported in this paper. A fractionated extraction was carried out and the optimization of the extraction conditions such as solid/liquid ratio, temperature, time, stirring and the use of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) technology was performed. The results demonstrate that a sequential extraction using, in a first step, an hydrophobic system Men:Lau (2:1) and, in a second step, an hydrophilic lactic acid-based NADES, leads to two distinct extracts: the first one rich in pigments and the second one rich in polyphenols. NADES systems were able to extract 30% more of the polyphenolic components of the mate tea leaves matrices, when compared with traditional solvents/techniques. Moreover, it has been shown that the incorporation of the extract in the NADES, compared to the same extract in aqueous medium was beneficial for the stabilization of the antioxidants. It maintains their functionality at least for three months, reaching 41% more versus the extracts obtained by traditional solvents/techniques. The absence of caffeine in the extracts did not shown to have any effects on the stability results. NADES proved to be more effective extraction solvent compared to conventional techniques. Fractionated extraction method using different classes of NADES as extraction medium. Novel technique to extract the major compounds of mate tea leaves. The extract incorporated in the NADES is beneficial for the stabilization of the antioxidants. Final product is 100% natural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rebocho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisca Mano
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Cassel
- Laboratório de Operações Unitárias, Escola Politécnica, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Anacleto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781 - 901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Bronze
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781 - 901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy (FFULisboa) and Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Liu F, Li M, Wang Q, Yan J, Han S, Ma C, Ma P, Liu X, McClements DJ. Future foods: Alternative proteins, food architecture, sustainable packaging, and precision nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6423-6444. [PMID: 35213241 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2033683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous challenges facing the modern food and agriculture industry that urgently need to be addressed, including feeding a growing global population, mitigating and adapting to climate change, decreasing pollution, waste, and biodiversity loss, and ensuring that people remain healthy. At the same time, foods should be safe, affordable, convenient, and delicious. The latest developments in science and technology are being deployed to address these issues. Some of the most important elements within this modern food design approach are encapsulated by the MATCHING model: Meat-reduced; Automation; Technology-driven; Consumer-centric; Healthy; Intelligent; Novel; and Globalization. In this review article, we focus on four key aspects that will be important for the creation of a new generation of healthier and more sustainable foods: emerging raw materials; structural design principles for creating innovative products; developments in eco-friendly packaging; and precision nutrition and customized production of foods. We also highlight some of the most important new developments in science and technology that are being used to create future foods, including food architecture, synthetic biology, nanoscience, and sensory perception.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2033683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Moting Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuang Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peihua Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
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21
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Taladrid D, de Celis M, Belda I, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Hypertension- and glycaemia-lowering effects of a grape-pomace-derived seasoning in high-cardiovascular risk and healthy subjects. Interplay with the gut microbiome. Food Funct 2022; 13:2068-2082. [PMID: 35107113 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03942c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Grape pomace (GP) is a winery by-product rich in polyphenols and dietary fibre. Some recent results suggest that GP-derived extracts could be promising additives in food, specially recommended for low-salt diets. The hypothesis tested in this paper is that the regular consumption of GP-derived seasonings could help in the control of hypertension and glycaemia. Methods: A randomized intervention study (6 weeks) was performed in high-risk cardiovascular subjects (n = 17) and in healthy subjects (n = 12) that were randomly allocated into intervention (2 g day-1 of GP seasoning) or control (no seasoning consumed) groups. Blood samples, faeces, urine and blood pressure (BP) were taken at the baseline and at the end of the intervention. Faecal samples were analysed for microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and microbial-derived metabolites (short chain fatty acids and phenolic metabolites). Results: Among the clinical parameters studied, BP and fasting blood glucose significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after the seasoning intervention, but not for the control group. Notably, application of a novel approach based on ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) co-occurrence networks allowed us to identify some bacterial communities whose relative abundances were related with metadata. Conclusion: Our primary findings suggest that GP-seasoning may help in the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors, mainly in the early stages. Furthermore, it evidences modulation of gut microbiota and functional bacterial communities by grape pomace, which might mediate the cardiometabolic effects of this by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Taladrid
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel de Celis
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Campagnol PCB, Lorenzo JM, Dos Santos BA, Cichoski AJ. Recent advances in the development of healthier meat products. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:123-179. [PMID: 36064292 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meat products are an excellent source of high biological value proteins, in addition to the high content of minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. However, meat products contain compounds that can cause a variety of adverse health effects and pose a serious health threat to humans. In this sense, this chapter will address recent strategies to assist in the development of healthier meat products. The main advances about the reduction of sodium and animal fat in meat products will be presented. In addition, strategies to make the lipid profile of meat products more nutritionally advantageous for human health will also be discussed. Finally, the reduction of substances of safety concern in meat products will be addressed, including phosphates, nitrites, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatic amines, as well as products from lipid and protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain; Universidad de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
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23
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Todorova V, Ivanov K, Ivanova S. Comparison between the Biological Active Compounds in Plants with Adaptogenic Properties ( Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:64. [PMID: 35009068 PMCID: PMC8747685 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1960s, research into plant adaptogens began. Plants with adaptogenic properties have rich phytochemical compositions and have been used by humanity since ancient times. However, it is not still clear whether the adaptogenic properties are because of specific compounds or because of the whole plant extracts. The aim of this review is to compare the bioactive compounds in the different parts of these plants. METHODS The search strategy was based on studies related to the isolation of bioactive compounds from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS This review includes data from 259 articles. The phytochemicals isolated from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng were described and classified in several categories. CONCLUSIONS Plant species have always played an important role in drug discovery because their effectiveness is based on the hundreds of years of experience with folk medicine in different nations. In our view, there is great potential in the near future for some of the phytochemicals found in these plants species to become pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velislava Todorova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.I.); (S.I.)
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Barsby JP, Cowley JM, Leemaqz SY, Grieger JA, McKeating DR, Perkins AV, Bastian SEP, Burton RA, Bianco-Miotto T. Nutritional properties of selected superfood extracts and their potential health benefits. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12525. [PMID: 34900436 PMCID: PMC8628624 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The term 'superfoods' is used to market foods considered to have significant health benefits. 'Superfoods' are claimed to prevent diseases as well as improving overall health, though the lack of explicit criteria means that any food can be labelled 'super' without support from scientific research. Typically, these 'superfoods' are rich in a particular nutrient for example antioxidants or omega-3 fatty acids. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional properties of a selection of superfood seeds: flax, chia, hulled sunflower and two types of processed hemp seeds and determine whether they may have potential health benefits. Methods We developed a simple aqueous extraction method for ground seeds and analysed their composition by mineral, protein and monosaccharide analyses. Cell viability assays were performed on Caco-2 and IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells using increasing doses of the prepared extracts. Results Increased cell viability was observed in both cell lines with increasing concentrations of the flax seed, chia seed or hulled sunflower extracts (P < 0.05). Compositional analyses revealed the presence of polysaccharides, proteins and essential minerals in the aqueous extracts and in vitro assays showed sunflower had the highest antioxidant activity. However, differences in extract composition and antioxidant properties could not be directly related to the observed increase in cell viability suggesting that other components in the extracts may be responsible. Future studies will further characterize these extracts and investigate whether they are beneficial for gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P Barsby
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James M Cowley
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shalem Y Leemaqz
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel R McKeating
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan E P Bastian
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Khalil M, Hayek S, Khalil N, Serale N, Vergani L, Calasso M, De Angelis M, Portincasa P. Role of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) in the management of metabolic syndrome and related disorders: Focus on NAFLD-atherosclerosis interplay. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Lephart ED. Phytoestrogens (Resveratrol and Equol) for Estrogen-Deficient Skin-Controversies/Misinformation versus Anti-Aging In Vitro and Clinical Evidence via Nutraceutical-Cosmetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11218. [PMID: 34681876 PMCID: PMC8538984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overarching theme for this review is perspective. Superfoods (a marketing term for fruits and vegetables, etc.) have a positive connotation, while many superfoods contain phytoestrogens, a term that is alarming to the public and has a negative connotation because phytoestrogens are endocrine-disruptors, even though they are strong antioxidants that have many health benefits. To understand phytoestrogens, this paper provides a brief summary of the characteristics of: (a) estrogens, (b) estrogen receptors (ER), (c) estrogen-deficient skin, (d) how perspective(s) get off track, (e) phytoestrogen food sources, and (f) misconceptions of phytoestrogens and food safety, in general, that influence person(s) away from what is true. Finally, a brief history of cosmetics to nutraceuticals is covered plus the characteristics of phytoestrogens, resveratrol and equol on: (g) estrogen receptor binding, (h) topical and oral dosing, and (i) in vitro, molecular mechanisms and select clinical evidence, where both phytoestrogens (resveratrol and equol) demonstrate promising applications to improve skin health is presented along with future directions of nutraceuticals. Perspective is paramount in understanding the controversies associated with superfoods, phytoestrogens, and endocrine-disruptors because they have both positive and negative connotations. Everyone is exposed to and consumes these molecules everyday regardless of age, gender, or geographic location around the world, and how we understand this is a matter of perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and The Neuroscience Center, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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GULDAS M, ZIYANOK-DEMIRTAS S, SAHAN Y, YILDIZ E, GURBUZ O. Antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of Spirulina platensis produced in Turkey. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.23920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nutritional Profile and Potential Health Benefits of Super Foods: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advancement within the food and nutrition sector has resulted in the development of a special category of food, particularly referred to as “superfoods”. Superfoods are special kind of foods capable of exhibiting different positive effects involving prevention of different ailments, provide impetus to the immune system, and essential macro- and micro-nutrients in ample quantities. Nowadays, these are gaining considerable attention due to the increased health consciousness of consumers. In contrast to their exceptional health or even medicinal benefits, which are based on their long history of use, the concept of superfoods is still little understood. The category of superfoods mainly comprises different types of fruits, vegetables, grains, etc. This review sheds light on the nutritional composition as well as the possible intervention in the prevention of various chronic ailments of some significant superfoods. This manuscript could help consumers to use superfoods as part of their diet more often and very effectively.
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Gupta K, Testa H, Greenwood T, Kostek M, Haushalter K, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS. The effect of herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases: a review of human clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:400-427. [PMID: 34080628 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs and spices are recommended to increase flavor and displace salt in the diet. Accumulating evidence suggests herbs and spices may improve risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. In this narrative review, an overview of evidence from human clinical trials examining the effect of herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases is provided. Human clinical trials examining supplemental doses of individual spices and herbs, or the active compounds, have yielded some evidence showing improvements to lipid and lipoprotein levels, glycemic control, blood pressure, adiposity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, cautious interpretation is warranted because of methodological limitations and substantial between-trial heterogeneity in the findings. Evidence from acute studies suggests intake of mixed herbs and spices as part of a high-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate meal reduces postprandial metabolic impairments, including lipemia, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Limited studies have examined the postprandial metabolic effects of incorporating mixed herbs and spices into healthy meals, and, to our knowledge, no trials have assessed the effect of longer-term intake of mixed herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. To inform evidence-based guidelines for intake of herbs and spices for general health and cardiometabolic disease risk reduction, rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials are needed, particularly trials examining herb and spice doses that can be incorporated into healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Gupta
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Testa
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Tara Greenwood
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Megan Kostek
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Keally Haushalter
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- K. Gupta is with the Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. H. Testa, T. Greenwood, M. Kostek, K. Haushalter, P.M. Kris-Etherton, and K.S. Petersen are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. K.S. Petersen is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Blueberry intervention improves metabolic syndrome risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2021; 91:67-80. [PMID: 34139510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that blueberry supplementation can improve parameters related to metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, there is no definitive consensus. Analysis of several randomized controlled trials can demonstrate whether a reduced effect of MetS risk factors is more pronounced in individuals who received supplementation with blueberry than in individuals who did not receive this supplementation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of blueberry intervention on MetS risk factors, including blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and glycemic and lipid profiles. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published before July 2020. To compare the effects of blueberry supplements (powder, extract, fruit, juice, or frozen) with placebo, the mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were pooled based on the random-effects model. We classified the quality of evidence according to the GRADE approach. In total, 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic review, and 12 studies were selected for meta-analysis. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool, all studies were of good quality. These trials differed with regards to blueberry dosage and forms, recruited subjects, and trial duration. Meta-analyses of the data showed that blueberry intervention had a significant effect on lipid levels, decreasing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We found no significant differences in the glycemic status markers and anthropometric measurements. Blueberry supplementation significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, the meta-analysis showed that blueberry may be efficacious in the treatment of MetS, due to its beneficial effects on lipid and blood pressure markers.
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Yan S, Wang K, Wang X, Ou A, Wang F, Wu L, Xue X. Effect of fermented bee pollen on metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-induced mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alasalvar C, Chang SK, Bolling B, Oh WY, Shahidi F. Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2382-2427. [PMID: 33719194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeds play important roles in human nutrition and health since ancient time. The term "specialty" has recently been applied to seeds to describe high-value and/or uncommon food products. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to identify various classes of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols in specialty seeds. This review discusses nutrients, fat-soluble bioactives, polyphenols/bioactives, antioxidant activity, bioavailability, health benefits, and safety/toxicology of commonly consumed eight specialty seeds, namely, black cumin, chia, hemp, flax, perilla, pumpkin, quinoa, and sesame. Scientific results from the existing literature published over the last decade have been compiled and discussed. These specialty seeds, having numerous fat-soluble bioactives and polyphenols, together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been consumed. Hence, these specialty seeds can be considered as a valuable source of dietary supplements and functional foods due to their health-promoting bioactive components, polyphenols, and corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from these specialty seeds demonstrate bioavailability in humans with promising health benefits. Additional long-term and well-design human intervention trials are required to ascertain the health-promoting properties of these specialty seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bradley Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Won Young Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
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Gupta E, Mishra P. Functional Food with Some Health Benefits, So Called Superfood: A Review. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200717171048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The possible beneficial properties of functional foods are due to their content in bioactive
ingredients, with specific biological properties. A number of processed functional foods are available
in the market - probiotic yogurt, calcium and ω-3 fatty acids enriched orange juice and milk. Simultaneously,
new research studies confer potential health benefits of various conventional foods (salmon,
berries, green tea, vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals and breads, etc.) termed as “superfood” which
is a marketing term and there is no established medical definition. Following suitable dietary patterns,
superfood reduces the risk of degenerative diseases by promoting physical and emotional
health. Scientific evidences suggest that superfoods are a dense source of antioxidants, minerals, vitamins
and other nutrients. There is insufficient research on the exact explanation of the term ‘superfood’and
its health claims by different companies without any legislation. This buzz word has created
confusion among consumers, that how much and what quantity should make a food superfood, as
no single food may be as nutritious to be stated as a superfood. This article introduces further investigation
on superfood which was categorized on the basis of their major constituents and potential
health benefits. Further, there is a need for more reviews, researches, clinical trials and human case
studies to investigate or test superfood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Gupta
- Department of Homescience, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Pragya Mishra
- Food Processing and Management, DDU Kaushal Kendra, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Jang HH, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee YM. Effects of Capsicum annuum supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20912. [PMID: 33262398 PMCID: PMC7708630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increasingly gained importance as the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus. Various natural compounds derived from plants are associated with beneficial effects on the incidence and progression of MetS. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Capsicum annuum on factors related to MetS by assessing randomized controlled trials (written in English). We searched the online databases of PubMed, Embase, Google scholar, and Cochrane Library up to April 2020. ‘Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes’ format was used to determine whether intervention with C. annuum supplementation compared with placebo supplementation had any effect on the components of MetS among participants. We considered standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as effect size measures using random-effects model. Analysis of the included 11 studies (n = 609) showed that C. annuum supplementation had significant effect on low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [SMD = − 0.39; 95% CI − 0.72, − 0.07; P = 0.02; prediction interval, − 1.28 to 0.50] and marginally significant effect on body weight [SMD = − 0.19; 95% CI − 0.40, 0.03; P = 0.09]. However, larger and well-designed clinical trials are needed to investigate the effects of C. annuum on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Jounghee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea.
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Kostka T, Ostberg-Potthoff JJ, Briviba K, Matsugo S, Winterhalter P, Esatbeyoglu T. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Extract and Its Anthocyanin and Copigment Fractions-Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Influence on Cellular Oxidative Stress. Foods 2020; 9:E1617. [PMID: 33172172 PMCID: PMC7694777 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary plant metabolites, e.g., polyphenols, are widely known as health-improving compounds that occur in natural functional foods such as pomegranates. While extracts generated from these fruits inhibit oxidative stress, the allocation of these effects to the different subgroups of substances, e.g., anthocyanins, "copigments" (polyphenols without anthocyanins), or polymeric compounds, is still unknown. Therefore, in the present study, polyphenols from pomegranate juice were extracted and separated into an anthocyanin and copigment fraction using adsorptive membrane chromatography. Phenolic compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection and HPLC-PDA electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS), while the free radical scavenging activity of the pomegranate XAD‑7 extract and its fractions was evaluated by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Compared to juice, the total phenolic content and free radical scavenging potential was significantly higher in the pomegranate XAD-7 extract and its fractions. In comparison to the anthocyanin and copigment fraction, pomegranate XAD-7 extract showed the highest radical scavenging activity against galvinoxyl and DPPH radicals. Moreover, the enriched XAD-7 extract and its fractions were able to protect human hepatocellular HepG2 cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Overall, these results indicated that anthocyanins and copigments act together in reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kostka
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Johanna Josefine Ostberg-Potthoff
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.J.O.-P.); (P.W.)
| | - Karlis Briviba
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str.9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Seiichi Matsugo
- School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.J.O.-P.); (P.W.)
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str.9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Yamashita Y, Sakakibara H, Toda T, Ashida H. Insights into the potential benefits of black soybean ( Glycine max L.) polyphenols in lifestyle diseases. Food Funct 2020; 11:7321-7339. [PMID: 32852022 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Black soybean (Glycine max L.), a cultivar containing abundant polyphenols in its seed coat such as anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, has been reported to possess various health benefits toward lifestyle diseases. In this review article, the safety evaluation of polyphenol-rich black soybean seed coat extract (BE) and absorption of BE polyphenols are summarized. Additionally, we describe the antioxidant activity of BE polyphenols and their ability to induce antioxidant enzymes. The health benefits of BE and its polyphenols, such as anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic activities through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and translocation of glucose transporter 4, respectively, are also discussed. Furthermore, we found that black soybean polyphenols were involved in the improvement of vascular function. These emerging data require further investigation in scientific studies and human trials to evaluate the prevention of lifestyle diseases using black soybean polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | | | - Toshiya Toda
- Department of Innovative Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya 663-8558, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Carrasco-Sandoval J, Rebolledo P, Peterssen-Fonseca D, Fischer S, Wilckens R, Aranda M, Henríquez-Aedo K. A fast and selective method to determine phenolic compounds in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will) seeds applying ultrasound-assisted extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Baspinar B, Güldaş M. Traditional plain yogurt: a therapeutic food for metabolic syndrome? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3129-3143. [PMID: 32746616 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1799931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products have an important role in a healthy diet due to their high-quality protein and rich micronutrients. Yogurt, a fermented milk product, has a similar composition to milk but is a more concentrated product in terms of group B vitamins, minerals, and proteins. It is known that bioactive metabolites and live enzymes that occur by fermentation and digestion, affect the health positively by improving gut microbiota. In recent years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which threatens public health, is increasing rapidly. As with other noninfectious diseases, the diet has an important effect on the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. It has been demonstrated that yogurt has a high-quality amino acid pattern, reduces energy intake by stimulating satiety, and regulates blood glucose level. In addition to the rich protein variety, yogurt also contains peptides that positively affect blood pressure. Unlike milk, increased acidity during the fermentation of yogurt positively affects calcium absorption. Calcium plays an important role in the control of blood glucose and energy metabolism through insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent routes. In addition to reducing inflammation, calcium has a positive effect on the regulation of the blood lipid profile by increasing fecal fat excretion. There are many lipid and lipoid nutrients such as saturated fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and conjugated linoleic acid that may affect the blood lipid profile in yogurt positively or negatively. There are seen very few randomized controlled studies that are focused on the relationship between yogurt and metabolic syndrome, and these are based on contradictory results. In this review, based on the clinical studies conducted to date, and the nutrient content of yogurt, possible mechanisms of these contradictory results are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Baspinar
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Güldaş
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Uludag University, Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
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van den Driessche JJ, Plat J, Konings MCJM, Mensink RP. Effects of spirulina and wakame consumption on intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum lipid concentrations in non-hypercholesterolemic adult men and women. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2229-2236. [PMID: 31388739 PMCID: PMC7351869 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consumption of the algae spirulina (Arthrospira platensis or maxima) and wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol concentrations in animals and humans, possibly due to the inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption. This mechanism, however, has never been investigated in humans. Therefore, we examined in non-hypercholesterolemic men and women the effects of spirulina and wakame consumption on serum markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption. METHODS Thirty-five healthy men and women without hypercholesterolemia consumed in a random order daily 4.8 g spirulina, wakame or placebo for 17 days, separated by 14-day washouts. After 17 days, serum cholesterol-standardized campesterol, sitosterol and cholestanol, and lathosterol concentrations were measured as markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and cholesterol synthesis, respectively. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and plasma glucose, and blood pressure were measured as well. RESULTS Compared with placebo, spirulina or wakame did not affect serum cholesterol-standardized campesterol (CI - 0.23 to 0.10 μmol/mmol, P = 0.435 and CI - 0.14 to 0.19 μmol/mmol, P = 0.729, respectively), sitosterol (P = 0.314 and P = 0.112), cholestanol (P = 0.610 and P = 0.809), or lathosterol (P = 0.388 and P = 0.102) concentrations. In addition, serum lipid and plasma glucose concentrations, and blood pressure were not changed. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of 4.8 g spirulina or wakame for 17 days did not affect plasma markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis in non-hypercholesterolemic men and women. Serum lipid and glucose concentrations, and blood pressure were also not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J van den Driessche
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C J M Konings
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Babaei P, Damirchi A, Hoseini Z, Hoseini R. Co-treatment of vitamin D supplementation and aerobic training improves memory deficit in ovariectomized rat. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:595-600. [PMID: 31775548 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1699082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insufficient vitamin D levels are globally increasing phenomena which are correlated with cognitive impairment. This study investigated the interactive effect of aerobic training with vitamin D supplementation on memory deficit in rats with metabolic syndrome induced by ovariectomy.Methods: A total of forty Wistar rats weighing 240-255 gr were randomly matched on their body weight and divided into ovariectomy (OVX, n = 32) and sham-operated (SHAM; n = 8) groups. OV group was then divided into vitamin D supplementation (OVX + Vit D; 10000 IU/kg/week, for 8 weeks, n = 8), aerobic training (OVX + AT; n = 8), aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation (OVX + AT + Vit D; 10000 IU/kg/week, for 8 weeks, n = 8), and vehicle control group receiving sesame oil (OVX + Ses Oil; n = 8). After the end of intervention, passive avoidance learning and memory were assessed in step through passive avoidance paradigm. Obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.Results: After 8 weeks of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation, step through dark compartment latency (STL) was significantly higher and total time spent in that compartment (TSD) was lower in OVX + AT + Vit D compared to the other counterpart groups.Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation combined with 8-week aerobic training alleviates cognitive impairment metabolic syndrome induced by ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Hoseini
- Department of Sport Physiology Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Sport Physiology Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Combined Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents, Macroporous Resins, and Preparative Liquid Chromatography for the Isolation and Purification of Flavonoids and 20-Hydroxyecdysone from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120776. [PMID: 31775374 PMCID: PMC6995548 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used in combination with macroporous resins to isolate and purify flavonoids and 20-hydroxyecdysone from Chenopodium quinoa Willd by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction performances of six DESs and the adsorption/desorption performances of five resins (AB-8, D101, HPD 400, HPD 600, and NKA-9) were investigated using the total flavonoid and 20-hydroxyecdysone extraction yields as the evaluation criteria, and the best-performing DES (choline chloride/urea, DES-6) and macroporous resin (D101) were further employed for phytochemical extraction and DES removal, respectively. The purified extract was subjected to preparative HPLC, and the five collected fractions were purified in a successive round of preparative HPLC to isolate three flavonoids and 20-hydroxyecdysone, which were identified by spectroscopic techniques. The use of a DES in this study significantly facilitated the preparative-scale isolation and purification of polar phytochemicals from complex plant systems.
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Furlan CPB, Valle SC, Maróstica MR, Östman E, Björck I, Tovar J. Effect of bilberries, lingonberries and cinnamon on cardiometabolic risk-associated markers following a hypercaloric-hyperlipidic breakfast. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Aranaz P, Romo-Hualde A, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, López-Yoldi M, González-Ferrero C, Gil AG, Martínez JA, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Low doses of cocoa extract supplementation ameliorate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:4811-4822. [PMID: 31317981 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa polyphenols exhibit high antioxidant activity and have been proposed as a potential adjuvant for the treatment of metabolic disturbances. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation with low doses (14 and 140 mg per kg per rat) of a complete cocoa extract induces metabolic benefits in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model of Wistar rats. After 10 weeks, cocoa extract-supplemented animals exhibited significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency, with no differences in energy intake. Cocoa significantly reduced visceral (epididymal and retroperitoneal) and subcutaneous fat accumulation accompanied by a significant reduction in the adipocyte size, which was mediated by downregulation of the adipocyte-specific genes Cebpa, Fasn and Adipoq. Additionally, cocoa extract supplementation reduced the triacylglycerol/high density lipoprotein (TAG/HDL) ratio, decreased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, improved insulin sensitivity by reducing HOMA-IR, and significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Finally, no adverse effect was observed in an in vivo toxicity evaluation of our cocoa extract at doses up to 500 mg kg-1 day-1. Our data demonstrate that low doses of cocoa extract supplementation (14 and 140 mg kg-1 day-1) are safe and sufficient to counteract obesity and type-2 diabetes in rats and provide new insights into the potential application of cocoa supplements in the management of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Spain.
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Discovery of food identity markers by metabolomics and machine learning technology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9697. [PMID: 31273246 PMCID: PMC6609671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Verification of food authenticity establishes consumer trust in food ingredients and components of processed food. Next to genetic or protein markers, chemicals are unique identifiers of food components. Non-targeted metabolomics is ideally suited to screen food markers when coupled to efficient data analysis. This study explored feasibility of random forest (RF) machine learning, specifically its inherent feature extraction for non-targeted metabolic marker discovery. The distinction of chia, linseed, and sesame that have gained attention as “superfoods” served as test case. Chemical fractions of non-processed seeds and of wheat cookies with seed ingredients were profiled. RF technology classified original seeds unambiguously but appeared overdesigned for material with unique secondary metabolites, like sesamol or rosmarinic acid in the Lamiaceae, chia. Most unique metabolites were diluted or lost during cookie production but RF technology classified the presence of the seed ingredients in cookies with 6.7% overall error and revealed food processing markers, like 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde for chia and succinic acid monomethylester for linseed additions. RF based feature extraction was adequate for difficult classifications but marker selection should not be without human supervision. Combination with alternative data analysis technologies is advised and further testing of a wide range of seeds and food processing methods.
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Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME, Ruiz-Roso B, Martín de la Torre I, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Can Carob-Fruit-Extract-Enriched Meat Improve the Lipoprotein Profile, VLDL-Oxidation, and LDL Receptor Levels Induced by an Atherogenic Diet in STZ-NAD-Diabetic Rats? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020332. [PMID: 30717491 PMCID: PMC6413123 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob fruit extract (CFE) has shown remarkable in vitro antioxidant properties and reduces postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in healthy animals. Development of functional meat products that contain bioactive components are presented as a great nutritional strategy. Until now, the effect of the consumption of restructured meat enriched with CFE in a murine model of diabetes has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on glycemia, lipemia, lipoprotein profile, Ldlr, arylesterase (AE), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and liver oxidation in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NAD) growing Wistar diabetic rats fed restructured meat in the frame of a high cholesterol/high saturated-fat diet. In the present study, three groups (D, ED and DE) were fed cholesterol-enriched (1.4% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid) and high saturated-fat diets (50% of total energy from fats and 20.4% from saturated fatty acids). Rats were subjected to a STZ-NAD administration at the 3rd week. Group D did not receive CFE, while ED and DE rat groups received CFE before and after the diabetic induction, respectively. After eight weeks, D rats showed hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, an increased amount cholesterol-enriched VLDL (β-VLDL), IDL and LDL particles and triglyceride-enriched HDL. ED and DE partially blocked the hypercholesterolemic induction with respect to D group (p < 0.001) and improved glycemia, cholesterol levels, lipoprotein profile, Ldlr, plasma AE activity and liver oxidation (p < 0.001). Fecal fat, moisture and excretion were higher while dietary digestibility was lower in ED and DE vs. D counterparts (p < 0.0014). In conclusion, CFE-enriched meat shows, for the first time, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in STZ-NAD animals fed high cholesterol/high saturated-fat diets. Likewise, it manages to reverse possible diabetes lipoprotein alterations if CFE-enriched meat is consumed before pathology development or improves said modifications if Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Baltasar Ruiz-Roso
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Martín de la Torre
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Paradiso VM, Castellino M, Renna M, Gattullo CE, Calasso M, Terzano R, Allegretta I, Leoni B, Caponio F, Santamaria P. Nutritional characterization and shelf-life of packaged microgreens. Food Funct 2018; 9:5629-5640. [PMID: 30298894 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Besides the variety of colours and flavours, microgreens show interesting nutritional properties, mainly regarding their contents of mineral nutrients and bioactive compounds. To date, the literature has prevalently focused on the individual nutritional features of microgreens usually belonging to Brassicaceae. The present study reports an articulated nutritional profile of six genotypes of microgreens, belonging to three species and two families: chicory (Cichorium intybus L., Puglia's local variety 'Molfetta', CM, and cultivar 'Italico a costa rossa', CR) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Group crispa, cultivar 'Bionda da taglio', LB, and 'Trocadero', LT), from Asteraceae; and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Group italica Plenk, Puglia's local variety 'Mugnuli', BM, and cultivar 'Natalino', BN) from Brassicaceae. All the microgreens, except LB, can be considered good sources of Ca, whilst LT and CM also showed considerable amounts of K. As regards bioactive compounds, Brassica microgreens were the richest in phenolic antioxidants. The microgreens also presented higher amounts of α-tocopherol and carotenoids compared to mature vegetables. In particular, broccoli microgreens and LB showed the highest amounts of vitamin E, while Asteraceae microgreens presented the highest levels of carotenoids. Due to their delicate tissues, fresh cut microgreens showed a shelf life not exceeding ten days at 5 °C. The results obtained highlight the possibility to exploit genetic biodiversity in order to obtain tailored microgreens with the desired nutritional profiles, with particular regard to mineral nutrients and bioactive compounds. Appropriate pre- and post-harvest strategies should be developed, so as to allow microgreens to retain as long as possible their nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Michele Paradiso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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Mason E, L'Hocine L, Achouri A, Karboune S. Hairless Canaryseed: A Novel Cereal with Health Promoting Potential. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1327. [PMID: 30235793 PMCID: PMC6164689 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glabrous canaryseeds were recently approved for human consumption as a novel cereal grain in Canada and the United States. Previously, canaryseeds were exclusively used as birdseed due to the presence of carcinogenic silica fibers; therefore the nutritional value of the seeds has been seriously overlooked. Two cultivars of glabrous canaryseeds (yellow and brown) were created from the hairy varieties. They are high in protein compared to other cereal grains, and contain high amounts of tryptophan, an amino acid normally lacking in cereals, and are gluten-free. Bioactive peptides of canaryseeds produced by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activity. The seeds contain other constituents with health promoting effects, including unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and phytochemicals. Anti-nutritional components in the seeds are comparable to other cereal grains. Because of their beneficial health effects, canaryseeds should be regarded as a healthy food and have immense potential as a functional food and ingredient. Further research is required to determine additional bioactive peptide activity and capacity, as well as differences between the yellow and brown cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mason
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21, 111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21, 111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Heo MG, Choung SY. Anti-obesity effects of Spirulina maxima in high fat diet induced obese rats via the activation of AMPK pathway and SIRT1. Food Funct 2018; 9:4906-4915. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00986d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina maxima improved the obese phenotype in high fat diet induced rats by activating AMPK and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Gang Heo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul
- Korea
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Bilgic Y, Demir EA, Bilgic N, Dogan H, Tutuk O, Tumer C. Detrimental effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds on learning and memory in aluminum chloride-induced experimental Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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