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Rosales Pérez A, Esquivel Escalante K. The Evolution of Sonochemistry: From the Beginnings to Novel Applications. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300660. [PMID: 38369655 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sonochemistry is the use of ultrasonic waves in an aqueous medium, to generate acoustic cavitation. In this context, sonochemistry emerged as a focal point over the past few decades, starting as a manageable process such as a cleaning technique. Now, it is found in a wide range of applications across various chemical, physical, and biological processes, creating opportunities for analysis between these processes. Sonochemistry is a powerful and eco-friendly technique often called "green chemistry" for less energy use, toxic reagents, and residues generation. It is increasing the number of applications achieved through the ultrasonic irradiation (USI) method. Sonochemistry has been established as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative compared to traditional industrial methods. It promotes scientific and social well-being, offering non-destructive advantages, including rapid processes, improved process efficiency, enhanced product quality, and, in some cases, the retention of key product characteristics. This versatile technology has significantly contributed to the food industry, materials technology, environmental remediation, and biological research. This review is created with enthusiasm and focus on shedding light on the manifold applications of sonochemistry. It delves into this technique's evolution and current applications in cleaning, environmental remediation, microfluidic, biological, and medical fields. The purpose is to show the physicochemical effects and characteristics of acoustic cavitation in different processes across various fields and to demonstrate the extending application reach of sonochemistry. Also to provide insights into the prospects of this versatile technique and demonstrating that sonochemistry is an adapting system able to generate more efficient products or processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rosales Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Centro Universitario, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Mexico
| | - Karen Esquivel Escalante
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Mexico
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2
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De Angelis M, Schobesberger S, Selinger F, Sedlmayr VL, Frauenlob M, Corcione O, Dong S, Gilardi G, Ertl P, Sadeghi SJ. A multi-channel microfluidic platform based on human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 for personalised medicine. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13209-13217. [PMID: 38655484 PMCID: PMC11037025 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is a drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) which is known to be highly polymorphic. Some of its polymorphic variants are associated with inter-individual differences that contribute to drug response. In order to measure these differences, the implementation of a quick and efficient in vitro assay is highly desirable. To this end, in this work a microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor (μ-IMER) was developed with four separate serpentines where FMO3 and its two common polymorphic variants (V257M and E158K) were covalently immobilized via glutaraldehyde cross-linking in the presence of a polylysine coating. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to calculate the selected substrate retention time in serpentines with different surface areas at various flow rates. The oxidation of tamoxifen, an anti-breast cancer drug, was used as a model reaction to characterize the new device in terms of available surface area for immobilization, channel coating, and applied flow rate. The highest amount of product was obtained when applying a 10 μL min-1 flow rate on polylysine-coated serpentines with a surface area of 90 mm2 each. Moreover, these conditions were used to test the device as a multi-enzymatic platform by simultaneously assessing the conversion of tamoxifen by FMO3 and its two polymorphic variants immobilized on different serpentines of the same chip. The results obtained demonstrate that the differences observed in the conversion of tamoxifen within the chip are similar to those already published (E158K > WT > V257M). Therefore, this microfluidic platform provides a feasible option for fabricating devices for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa De Angelis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | | | - Florian Selinger
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Martin Frauenlob
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Orsola Corcione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Shiman Dong
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Peter Ertl
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Sheila J Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
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3
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Mohammadi M, Ahmed Qadir S, Mahmood Faraj A, Hamid Shareef O, Mahmoodi H, Mahmoudi F, Moradi S. Navigating the future: Microfluidics charting new routes in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2024:124142. [PMID: 38648941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics has emerged as a transformative force in the field of drug delivery, offering innovative avenues to produce a diverse range of nano drug delivery systems. Thanks to its precise manipulation of small fluid volumes and its exceptional command over the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, this technology is notably able to enhance the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It has initiated a revolutionary phase in the domain of drug delivery, presenting a multitude of compelling advantages when it comes to developing nanocarriers tailored for the delivery of poorly soluble medications. These advantages represent a substantial departure from conventional drug delivery methodologies, marking a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical research and development. Furthermore, microfluidic platformsmay be strategically devised to facilitate targeted drug delivery with the objective of enhancing the localized bioavailability of pharmaceutical substances. In this paper, we have comprehensively investigated a range of significant microfluidic techniques used in the production of nanoscale drug delivery systems. This comprehensive review can serve as a valuable reference and offer insightful guidance for the development and optimization of numerous microfluidics-fabricated nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Syamand Ahmed Qadir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Halabja Technical Institute, Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Aryan Mahmood Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Halabja Technical College of Applied Sciences, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Halabja, Iraq
| | - Osama Hamid Shareef
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Halabja Technical Institute, Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Hassan Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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Wong YC, Yang S, Wen W. Prednisolone Nanoprecipitation with Dean Instability Microfluidics Mixer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:652. [PMID: 38668146 PMCID: PMC11054107 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Dean flow and Dean instability play an important role in inertial microfluidics, with a wide application in mixing and sorting. However, most studies are limited to Dean flow in the microscale. This work first reports the application of Dean instability on organic nanoparticles synthesis at De up to 198. The channel geometry (the tortuous channel) is optimized by simulation, in which the mixing efficiency is considered. With the optimized design, prednisolone nanoparticles are synthesized, and the size of the most abundant prednisolone nanoparticles is down to 100 nm with an increase in the Re and De and smallest size down to 46 nm. This work serves as an ice-breaker to the real application of Dean instability by demonstrating its ability in mixing and nanomaterials like nanoparticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ching Wong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.C.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.C.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.C.W.); (S.Y.)
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510630, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Gurkan UA, Wood DK, Carranza D, Herbertson LH, Diamond SL, Du E, Guha S, Di Paola J, Hines PC, Papautsky I, Shevkoplyas SS, Sniadecki NJ, Pamula VK, Sundd P, Rizwan A, Qasba P, Lam WA. Next generation microfluidics: fulfilling the promise of lab-on-a-chip technologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1867-1874. [PMID: 38487919 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies enable the analysis and manipulation of small fluid volumes and particles at small scales and the control of fluid flow and transport processes at the microscale, leading to the development of new methods to address a broad range of scientific and medical challenges. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies have made a noteworthy impact in basic, preclinical, and clinical research, especially in hematology and vascular biology due to the inherent ability of microfluidics to mimic physiologic flow conditions in blood vessels and capillaries. With the potential to significantly impact translational research and clinical diagnostics, technical issues and incentive mismatches have stymied microfluidics from fulfilling this promise. We describe how accessibility, usability, and manufacturability of microfluidic technologies should be improved and how a shift in mindset and incentives within the field is also needed to address these issues. In this report, we discuss the state of the microfluidic field regarding current limitations and propose future directions and new approaches for the field to advance microfluidic technologies closer to translation and clinical use. While our report focuses on using blood as the prototypical biofluid sample, the proposed ideas and research directions can be extrapolated to other areas of hematology, oncology, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - E Du
- Florida Atlantic University, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick C Hines
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Functional Fluidics, Inc., USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Prithu Sundd
- VERSITI Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Asif Rizwan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA
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Bi X, Lin L, Chen Z, Ye J. Artificial Intelligence for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301243. [PMID: 37888799 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), well acknowledged as a fingerprinting and sensitive analytical technique, has exerted high applicational value in a broad range of fields including biomedicine, environmental protection, food safety among the others. In the endless pursuit of ever-sensitive, robust, and comprehensive sensing and imaging, advancements keep emerging in the whole pipeline of SERS, from the design of SERS substrates and reporter molecules, synthetic route planning, instrument refinement, to data preprocessing and analysis methods. Artificial intelligence (AI), which is created to imitate and eventually exceed human behaviors, has exhibited its power in learning high-level representations and recognizing complicated patterns with exceptional automaticity. Therefore, facing up with the intertwining influential factors and explosive data size, AI has been increasingly leveraged in all the above-mentioned aspects in SERS, presenting elite efficiency in accelerating systematic optimization and deepening understanding about the fundamental physics and spectral data, which far transcends human labors and conventional computations. In this review, the recent progresses in SERS are summarized through the integration of AI, and new insights of the challenges and perspectives are provided in aim to better gear SERS toward the fast track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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8
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Rybak E, Kowalczyk P, Czarnocka-Śniadała S, Wojasiński M, Trzciński J, Ciach T. Microfluidic-Assisted Formulation of ε-Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Properties and In Vitro Cell Uptake. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4375. [PMID: 38006099 PMCID: PMC10674307 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanoprecipitation method was used to formulate ε-polycaprolactone (PCL) into fluorescent nanoparticles. Two methods of mixing the phases were evaluated: introducing the organic phase into the aqueous phase dropwise and via a specially designed microfluidic device. As a result of the nanoprecipitation process, fluorescein-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean diameter of 127 ± 3 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.180 ± 0.009 were obtained. The profiles of dye release were determined in vitro using dialysis membrane tubing, and the results showed a controlled release of the dye from NPs. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the NPs was assessed using an MTT assay. The PCL NPs were shown to be safe and non-toxic to L929 and MG63 cells. The results of the present study have revealed that PCL NPs represent a promising system for developing new drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rybak
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (J.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Piotr Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (J.T.); (T.C.)
| | | | - Michał Wojasiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (J.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Jakub Trzciński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (J.T.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (J.T.); (T.C.)
- Nanosanguis S.A., Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
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9
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Kleinhaus JT, Wolf J, Pellumbi K, Wickert L, Viswanathan SC, Junge Puring K, Siegmund D, Apfel UP. Developing electrochemical hydrogenation towards industrial application. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7305-7332. [PMID: 37814786 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical hydrogenation reactions gained significant attention as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional thermocatalytic hydrogenations. This tutorial review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles, the practical application, and recent advances of electrochemical hydrogenation reactions, with a particular emphasis on the translation of these reactions from lab-scale to industrial applications. Giving an overview on the vast amount of conceivable organic substrates and tested catalysts, we highlight the challenges associated with upscaling electrochemical hydrogenations, such as mass transfer limitations and reactor design. Strategies and techniques for addressing these challenges are discussed, including the development of novel catalysts and the implementation of scalable and innovative cell concepts. We furthermore present an outlook on current challenges, future prospects, and research directions for achieving widespread industrial implementation of electrochemical hydrogenation reactions. This work aims to provide beginners as well as experienced electrochemists with a starting point into the potential future transformation of electrochemical hydrogenations from a laboratory curiosity to a viable technology for sustainable chemical synthesis on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian T Kleinhaus
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jonas Wolf
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Leon Wickert
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Sangita C Viswanathan
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kai Junge Puring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
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Niculescu AG, Moroșan A, Bîrcă AC, Gherasim O, Oprea OC, Vasile BȘ, Purcăreanu B, Mihaiescu DE, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM. Microwave-Assisted Silanization of Magnetite Nanoparticles Pre-Synthesized by a 3D Microfluidic Platform. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2795. [PMID: 37887945 PMCID: PMC10609521 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are among the most investigated nanomaterials, being recognized for their biocompatibility, versatility, and strong magnetic properties. Given that their applicability depends on their dimensions, crystal morphology, and surface chemistry, Fe3O4 NPs must be synthesized in a controlled, simple, and reproducible manner. Since conventional methods often lack tight control over reaction parameters and produce materials with unreliable characteristics, increased scientific interest has been directed to microfluidic techniques. In this context, the present paper describes the development of an innovative 3D microfluidic platform suitable for synthesizing uniform Fe3O4 NPs with fine-tuned properties. On-chip co-precipitation was performed, followed by microwave-assisted silanization. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized from the compositional and microstructural perspectives by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, supplementary physicochemical investigations, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Kaiser Test, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) analyses, demonstrated the successful surface modification. Considering the positive results, the presented synthesis and functionalization method represents a fast, reliable, and effective alternative for producing tailored magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Oana Gherasim
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Cristian Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Bogdan Purcăreanu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
- BIOTEHNOS S.A., Gorunului Rue, No. 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Cha B, Lee SH, Iqrar SA, Yi HG, Kim J, Park J. Rapid acoustofluidic mixing by ultrasonic surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic streaming flow. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106575. [PMID: 37683414 PMCID: PMC10495656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic surface acoustic wave (SAW)-induced acoustic streaming flow (ASF) has been utilized for microfluidic flow control, patterning, and mixing. Most previous research employed cross-type SAW acousto-microfluidic mixers, in which the SAWs propagated perpendicular to the flow direction. In this configuration, the flow mixing was induced predominantly by the horizontal component of the acoustic force, which was usually much smaller than the vertical component, leading to energy inefficiency and limited controllability. Here, we propose a vertical-type ultrasonic SAW acousto-microfluidic mixer to achieve rapid flow mixing with improved efficiency and controllability. We conducted in-depth numerical and experimental investigations of the vertical-type SAW-induced ASF to elucidate the acousto-hydrodynamic phenomenon under varying conditions of total flow rate, acoustic wave amplitude, and fluid viscosity conditions. We conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations for numerical flow visualization and utilized micro-prism-embedded microchannels for experimental flow visualization for the vertical SAW-induced ASF. We found that the SAW-induced vortices served as a hydrodynamic barrier for the co-flow streams for controlled flow mixing in the proposed device. For proof-of-concept application, we performed chemical additive-free rapid red blood cell lysis and achieved rapid cell lysis with high lysis efficiency based on the physical interactions of the suspended cells with the SAW-induced acoustic vortical flows. We believe that the proposed vertical-type ultrasonic SAW-based mixer can be broadly utilized for various microfluidic applications that require rapid, controlled flow mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ha Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Atif Iqrar
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Nosrati H, Nosrati M. Artificial Intelligence in Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Implications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:442. [PMID: 37754193 PMCID: PMC10526210 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is constantly advancing and aims to repair, regenerate, or substitute impaired or unhealthy tissues and organs using cutting-edge approaches such as stem cell-based therapies, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Nevertheless, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has opened new doors for research in this field. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence in ways such as learning the patterns in the data and applying that to the new data without being explicitly programmed. AI has the potential to improve and accelerate various aspects of regenerative medicine research and development, particularly, although not exclusively, when complex patterns are involved. This review paper provides an overview of AI in the context of regenerative medicine, discusses its potential applications with a focus on personalized medicine, and highlights the challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nosrati
- Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Masoud Nosrati
- Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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13
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Wu M, Li X, Yin DF, Chen W, Qi J, Hu M, Xu J, Cheng Y. Real-time spectroscopic monitoring of continuous-flow synthesis of zinc oxide nano-structures in femtosecond laser fabricated 3D microfluidic microchannels with integrated on-chip fiber probe array. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3785-3793. [PMID: 37492963 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials synthesis in a microfluidic environment enables the flexible and controllable production of various types of nanostructures which are of great potential in the fields of chemistry, environmental science, bioengineering, and medicine. Here, we demonstrate on-chip simultaneous continuous-flow synthesis and in situ spectrum diagnosis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials using a femtosecond-fabricated three-dimensional (3D) microchannel reactor integrated with an array of optical fiber probes. The microchannel reactor including 3D concentration gradient generators followed by 3D micromixing units provides high-efficiency manipulation of reactants with different concentrations as well as parallel reaction dynamics in an autonomous manner. The integrated optical fiber probe array allows precise and parallel spectroscopic detection in different microchannels with high spatial and temporal resolutions for screening the synthetic conditions. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures can be tailored in size, shape, and morphology by tuning the flow rates and reactant concentrations based on the spectroscopic signals detected with the fiber probe array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Di-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jia Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
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14
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Wang X, Liu Z, Cai Y, Song Q, Wang B. Synthesis of Cu 2O Nanoparticles by Ellipse Curve Micromixer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29758-29769. [PMID: 37599966 PMCID: PMC10433503 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Micromixers offer the advantage of rapid and homogeneous mixing compared with conventional macroscale reaction systems, and thus they show great potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles. An ellipse curve serpentine micromixer, which had been proposed in our prior works was employed to synthesize Cu2O nanoparticles. Cu2O are excellent photocatalysts that have been widely utilized in the degradation of organic dyes. Owing to the excellent mixing performance, the reduction of Cu(OH)2 in micromixing synthesis was more sufficient than that in conventional stirring synthesis. The Cu2O nanoparticles synthesized by micromixing had smaller size and narrower size distribution compared with those synthesized by stirring in a beaker. The smallest Cu2O nanoparticles were obtained by micromixing with Re = 100 at T = 60 °C, while the most uniform Cu2O nanoparticles were obtained at T = 80 °C owing to Ostwald ripening. Through the photocatalytic degradation experiments of Rhodamine B, the Cu2O nanoparticles synthesized by micromixing were found to have better photocatalysis than those synthesized by stirring. The research results showed that the micromixing synthesis was a more suitable choice to produce Cu2O nanoparticles with excellent photocatalysis. The ellipse curve micromixer with a simple structure and high mixing performance can be applied in the synthesis of various nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of
MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical
Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanqiang Liu
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of
MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical
Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Yukui Cai
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of
MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical
Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of
MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical
Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of
MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical
Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
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15
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Kumar PS, Madapusi S, Goel S. Sub-second synthesis of silver nanoparticles in 3D printed monolithic multilayered microfluidic chip: Enhanced chemiluminescence sensing predictions via machine learning algorithms. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125502. [PMID: 37348592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Futuristic microfluidics will require alternative ways to extend its potential in vast areas by integrating various facets such as automation of different subsystems, multiplexing, incorporation of cyber-physical capabilities, and rapid prototyping. On the rapid prototyping aspect, for the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) has advanced to become an alternative fabrication process for microfluidic devices, enabling industry-level abilities towards mass production. In this context, for the first time, this work demonstrates the fabrication of monolithic multilayer microfluidic devices (MMMD) from planar orientation (1 layer) to nonplanar (4 layers) monolithic microchannels. The developed MMM device was impeccable for synthesizing highly potentialized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in <1 s. Moreover, the transport of chemical species with laminar flow simulations was performed on the process along with the thorough characterizations of produced AgNPs, finding the mean AgNPs particle size of around 35 nm without any post-processing requirements. The well-known catalytic activity of AgNPs was leveraged to enhance weak chemiluminescence (CL) sensing signals by >1300 %, increasing CL sensitivity. Further, machine learning (ML) predictive models encouraged to obtain the experimental parameters without human intervention iterations for target-specific applications. The proposed methodology finds the potential to save resources, time, and enables automation with rapid prototyping, providing possibilities for mass fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavar Sai Kumar
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Srinivasan Madapusi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanket Goel
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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16
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Draz MS, Dupouy D, Gijs MAM. Acoustofluidic large-scale mixing for enhanced microfluidic immunostaining for tissue diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023. [PMID: 37365861 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The usage of microfluidics for automated and fast immunoassays has gained a lot of interest in the last decades. This integration comes with certain challenges, like the reconciliation of laminar flow patterns of micro-scale systems with diffusion-limited mass transport. Several methods have been investigated to enhance microfluidic mixing in microsystems, including acoustic-based fluidic streaming. Here, we report both by numerical simulation and experiments on the beneficiary effect of acoustic agitation on the uniformity of immunostaining in large-size and thin microfluidic chambers. Moreover, we investigate by numerical simulation the impact of reducing the incubation times and the concentrations of the biochemical detection reagents on the obtained immunoassay signal. Finally, acoustofluidic mixing was successfully used to reduce by 80% the incubation time of the Her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and CK (cytokeratins) biomarkers for the spatial immunostaining of breast cancer cell pellets, or reducing their concentration by 66% and achieving a higher signal-to-background ratio than comparable spatially resolved immunostaining with static incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaz S Draz
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, CH-1131 Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Diego Dupouy
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, CH-1131 Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Li Z, Hua L, Xie L, Wang D, Jiang X. Automated Microfluidic Nucleic Acid Detection Platform-Integrated RPA-T7-Cas13a for Pathogen Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6940-6947. [PMID: 37083348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing urgent need for point-of-care testing (POCT) devices that integrate sample pretreatment and nucleic acid detection in a rapid, economical, and non-labor-intensive way. Here, we have developed an automated, portable nucleic acid detection system employing microfluidic chips integrating rotary valve-assisted sample pretreatment and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-T7-Cas13a into one-step nucleic acid detection. The RPA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas13a were integrated into a single-chamber reaction. As a validation model, we used this method to detect Group B streptococci (GBS) DNA and achieved a detection sensitivity of 8 copies/reaction, which is 6 times more sensitive than gold-standard polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Dual specific recognition of RPA with CRISPR/Cas13a makes our method ultraspecific, with correct detection of Group B streptococci from 8 kinds of pathogenic bacteria. For the 16 positive and 24 negative clinical GBS samples, our assay achieved 100% accuracy compared to the PCR technique. The whole procedure can be automatically completed within 30 min, providing a more robust, sensitive, and accurate molecular diagnostic tool for POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyan Hua
- Shaoguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 3, Dongdi South Road, Shaoguan 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Xie
- Shaoguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 3, Dongdi South Road, Shaoguan 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Dou Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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18
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Tsai HF, Podder S, Chen PY. Microsystem Advances through Integration with Artificial Intelligence. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:826. [PMID: 37421059 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is a rapidly growing discipline that involves studying and manipulating fluids at reduced length scale and volume, typically on the scale of micro- or nanoliters. Under the reduced length scale and larger surface-to-volume ratio, advantages of low reagent consumption, faster reaction kinetics, and more compact systems are evident in microfluidics. However, miniaturization of microfluidic chips and systems introduces challenges of stricter tolerances in designing and controlling them for interdisciplinary applications. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have brought innovation to microfluidics from design, simulation, automation, and optimization to bioanalysis and data analytics. In microfluidics, the Navier-Stokes equations, which are partial differential equations describing viscous fluid motion that in complete form are known to not have a general analytical solution, can be simplified and have fair performance through numerical approximation due to low inertia and laminar flow. Approximation using neural networks trained by rules of physical knowledge introduces a new possibility to predict the physicochemical nature. The combination of microfluidics and automation can produce large amounts of data, where features and patterns that are difficult to discern by a human can be extracted by machine learning. Therefore, integration with AI introduces the potential to revolutionize the microfluidic workflow by enabling the precision control and automation of data analysis. Deployment of smart microfluidics may be tremendously beneficial in various applications in the future, including high-throughput drug discovery, rapid point-of-care-testing (POCT), and personalized medicine. In this review, we summarize key microfluidic advances integrated with AI and discuss the outlook and possibilities of combining AI and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Fu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Keelung City 204, Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Soumyajit Podder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Keelung City 204, Taiwan
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19
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Draz MS, Uning K, Dupouy D, Gijs MAM. Efficient AC electrothermal flow (ACET) on-chip for enhanced immunoassays. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1637-1648. [PMID: 36644814 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical reaction rates in microfluidic systems are known to be limited by the diffusional transport of reagents, leading often to lowered sensitivity and/or longer detection times in immunoassays. Several methods, including electrically powering electrodes to generate AC electrothermal flow (ACET) on-chip, have been adopted to enhance the mass transport of the reagents and improve microfluidic mixing. Here, we report a novel ACET electrode design concept for generating in-plane microfluidic mixing vortices that act over a large volume close to the reaction surface of interest. This is different from the traditional ACET parallel electrode design that provides rather local vertical mixing vortices directly above the electrodes. Both numerical simulation and experimental studies were performed to validate the new design. Moreover, numerical simulation was carried out to show the effects of experimental factors such as the reaction kinetics (association constant) and the reagent concentration on the ACET-enhanced surface-based assays. As a proof of concept, the new design for the ACET-enhanced immunoassays was used to improve the immunostaining signal of the HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) cancer biomarker on breast cancer cells. Finally, the concept of scaling up the design has been validated by experiments (immunoassays on breast cancer cells for different ACET power and different assay times). In particular, we show that larger ACET in-plane designs can agitate and mix the fluid over large microfluidic volumes, which further enhances the immunoassay's output. We have achieved a 6-times enhancement in the assay signal with a 75% reduction in assay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaz S Draz
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, CH-1131 Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Uning
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Diego Dupouy
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, CH-1131 Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Zhang S, Li H, Wang K, Qiu T. Accelerating intelligent microfluidic image processing with transfer deep learning: a microchannel droplet/bubble breakup case study. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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21
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Agha A, Waheed W, Stiharu I, Nerguizian V, Destgeer G, Abu-Nada E, Alazzam A. A review on microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and their applications using multiscale simulation methods. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36800044 PMCID: PMC9936499 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in the development of nanoparticles (NPs) owing to their potential use in a wide variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, imaging agents, gene therapy, and vaccines, where recently, lipid nanoparticle mRNA-based vaccines were developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19. NPs typically fall into two broad categories: organic and inorganic. Organic NPs mainly include lipid-based and polymer-based nanoparticles, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymersomes, dendrimers, and polymer micelles. Gold and silver NPs, iron oxide NPs, quantum dots, and carbon and silica-based nanomaterials make up the bulk of the inorganic NPs. These NPs are prepared using a variety of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Microfluidics provide an attractive synthesis alternative and is advantageous compared to the conventional bulk methods. The microfluidic mixing-based production methods offer better control in achieving the desired size, morphology, shape, size distribution, and surface properties of the synthesized NPs. The technology also exhibits excellent process repeatability, fast handling, less sample usage, and yields greater encapsulation efficiencies. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the microfluidic-based passive and active mixing techniques for NP synthesis, and their latest developments. Additionally, a summary of microfluidic devices used for NP production is presented. Nonetheless, despite significant advancements in the experimental procedures, complete details of a nanoparticle-based system cannot be deduced from the experiments alone, and thus, multiscale computer simulations are utilized to perform systematic investigations. The work also details the most common multiscale simulation methods and their advancements in unveiling critical mechanisms involved in nanoparticle synthesis and the interaction of nanoparticles with other entities, especially in biomedical and therapeutic systems. Finally, an analysis is provided on the challenges in microfluidics related to nanoparticle synthesis and applications, and the future perspectives, such as large-scale NP synthesis, and hybrid formulations and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Agha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Waqas Waheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- System on Chip Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eiyad Abu-Nada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- System on Chip Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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22
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Shen H, Li Q, Song W, Jiang X. Microfluidic on-chip valve and pump for applications in immunoassays. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:341-348. [PMID: 36602133 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On-chip valves can simplify a microfluidic chip and make it easy to operate. However, most on-chip valves already reported still need complicated manufacture and sophisticated supporting devices. In this work, we present a straightforward on-chip valve, which can be serially connected, to form an on-chip pump. The liquid can horizontally flow one way by the regular deformations of flexure strips in the two valves at both sides of the chamber under pressure changes in microchannels generated by repeated vertical movements of linear actuators. The volume of this system including the chip and the supporting device is 0.65 cubic decimeters, which is much smaller than that of reported systems with a volume of at least 12 cubic decimeters, and the weight of this system is only 0.56 kg, making it possible for point-of-care testing. We carry out an immunoassay of folic acid on chip, and the results show satisfactory reproducibility with acceptable coefficients of variation. We determine 163 clinical human serum samples for folic acid. Furthermore, we detect transferrin, cobalamin and folic acid simultaneously on one chip with both sandwich and competitive binding immunoassay methods. We anticipate that this on-chip valve and pump can be applied in immunoassays and other biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Shen
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiliang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenqi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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23
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Bhanvadia AA, Farley RT, Noh Y, Nishida T. 3D printing of hollow geometries using blocking liquid substitution stereolithography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:434. [PMID: 36624138 PMCID: PMC9829859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Micrometer scale arbitrary hollow geometries within a solid are needed for a variety of applications including microfluidics, thermal management and metamaterials. A major challenge to 3D printing hollow geometries using stereolithography is the ability to retain empty spaces in between the solidified regions. In order to prevent unwanted polymerization of the trapped resin in the hollow spaces-known as print-through-significant constraints are generally imposed on the primary process parameters such as resin formulation, exposure conditions and layer thickness. Here, we report on a stereolithography process which substitutes the trapped resin with a UV blocking liquid to mitigate print-through. We investigate the mechanism of the developed process and determine guidelines for the formulation of the blocking liquid. The reported method decouples the relationship between the primary process parameters and their effect on print-through. Without having to optimize the primary process parameters to reduce print-through, hollow heights that exceed the limits of conventional stereolithography can be realized. We demonstrate fabrication of a variety of complex hollow geometries with cross-sectional features ranging from tens of micrometer to hundreds of micrometers in size. With the framework presented, this method may be employed for 3D printing functional hollow geometries for a variety of applications, and with improved freedom over the printing process (e.g. material choices, speed and resulting properties of the printed parts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab A Bhanvadia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Youngwook Noh
- Nanoptics, Inc., 3014 NE 21st Way, Gainesville, FL, 32609, USA
| | - Toshikazu Nishida
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Feng J, Neuzil J, Manz A, Iliescu C, Neuzil P. Microfluidic trends in drug screening and drug delivery. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Luo Y, Wang S, Feng Z, Li J, Mao C, Wang R, Jiang X. Integrated Microfluidic DNA Storage Platform with Automated Sample Handling and Physical Data Partitioning. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13153-13162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
| | - Shuchen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuowei Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Mao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan
District, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Richter F, Bindschedler S, Calonne-Salmon M, Declerck S, Junier P, Stanley CE. Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6674677. [PMID: 36001464 PMCID: PMC9779915 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights new advances in the emerging field of 'Fungi-on-a-Chip' microfluidics for single-cell studies on fungi and discusses several future frontiers, where we envisage microfluidic technology development to be instrumental in aiding our understanding of fungal biology. Fungi, with their enormous diversity, bear essential roles both in nature and our everyday lives. They inhabit a range of ecosystems, such as soil, where they are involved in organic matter degradation and bioremediation processes. More recently, fungi have been recognized as key components of the microbiome in other eukaryotes, such as humans, where they play a fundamental role not only in human pathogenesis, but also likely as commensals. In the food sector, fungi are used either directly or as fermenting agents and are often key players in the biotechnological industry, where they are responsible for the production of both bulk chemicals and antibiotics. Although the macroscopic fruiting bodies are immediately recognizable by most observers, the structure, function, and interactions of fungi with other microbes at the microscopic scale still remain largely hidden. Herein, we shed light on new advances in the emerging field of Fungi-on-a-Chip microfluidic technologies for single-cell studies on fungi. We discuss the development and application of microfluidic tools in the fields of medicine and biotechnology, as well as in-depth biological studies having significance for ecology and general natural processes. Finally, a future perspective is provided, highlighting new frontiers in which microfluidic technology can benefit this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Richter
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Calonne-Salmon
- Laboratory of Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Laboratory of Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Claire E Stanley
- Corresponding author: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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27
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Heiligenthal L, van der Loh M, Polack M, Blaha ME, Moschütz S, Keim A, Sträter N, Belder D. Analysis of double-emulsion droplets with ESI mass spectrometry for monitoring lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis at nanoliter scale. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6977-6987. [PMID: 35995875 PMCID: PMC9436884 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic double-emulsion droplets allow the realization and study of biphasic chemical processes such as chemical reactions or extractions on the nanoliter scale. Double emulsions of the rare type (o1/w/o2) are used here to realize a lipase-catalyzed reaction in the non-polar phase. The surrounding aqueous phase induces the transfer of the hydrophilic product from the core oil phase, allowing on-the-fly MS analysis in single double droplets. A microfluidic two-step emulsification process is developed to generate the (o1/w/o2) double-emulsion droplets. In this first example of microfluidic double-emulsion MS coupling, we show in proof-of-concept experiments that the chemical composition of the water layer can be read online using ESI–MS. Double-emulsion droplets were further employed as two-phase micro-reactors for the hydrolysis of the lipophilic ester p-nitrophenyl palmitate catalyzed by the Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB). Finally, the formation of the hydrophilic reaction product p-nitrophenol within the double-emulsion droplet micro-reactors is verified by subjecting the double-emulsion droplets to online ESI–MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heiligenthal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie van der Loh
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Polack
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian E Blaha
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Moschütz
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Keim
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Giannitelli SM, Limiti E, Mozetic P, Pinelli F, Han X, Abbruzzese F, Basoli F, Del Rio D, Scialla S, Rossi F, Trombetta M, Rosanò L, Gigli G, Zhang ZJ, Mauri E, Rainer A. Droplet-based microfluidic synthesis of nanogels for controlled drug delivery: tailoring nanomaterial properties via pneumatically actuated flow-focusing junction. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11415-11428. [PMID: 35903969 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00827k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional batch syntheses of polymer-based nanoparticles show considerable shortcomings in terms of scarce control over nanomaterials morphology and limited lot-to-lot reproducibility. Droplet-based microfluidics represents a valuable strategy to overcome these constraints, exploiting the formation of nanoparticles within discrete microdroplets. In this work, we synthesized nanogels (NGs) composed of hyaluronic acid and polyethyleneimine using a microfluidic flow-focusing device endowed with a pressure-driven micro-actuator. The actuator achieves real-time modulation of the junction orifice width, thereby regulating the microdroplet diameter and, as a result, the NG size. Acting on process parameters, NG hydrodynamic diameter could be tuned in the range 92-190 nm while preserving an extremely low polydispersity (0.015); those values are hardly achievable in batch syntheses and underline the strength of our toolbox for the continuous in-flow synthesis of nanocarriers. Furthermore, NGs were validated in vitro as a drug delivery system in a representative case study still lacking an effective therapeutic treatment: ovarian cancer. Using doxorubicin as a chemotherapeutic agent, we show that NG-mediated release of the drug results in an enhanced antiblastic effect vs. the non-encapsulated administration route even at sublethal dosages, highlighting the wide applicability of our microfluidics-enabled nanomaterials in healthcare scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Limiti
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Franca Abbruzzese
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Danila Del Rio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), via Degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Scialla
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), via Degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Zhenyu Jason Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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29
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Wang J, Ma HT, Pan LJ, Zhang L, Zhang ZL. Integrated synthesis and ripening of AgInS2 QDs in droplet microreactors: An update fluorescence regulating via suitable temperature combination. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Shan Z, Wu W, Lei Y, Zhao B. A new fuzzy rule based multi-objective optimization method for cross-scale injection molding of protein electrophoresis microfluidic chips. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13159. [PMID: 35915097 PMCID: PMC9343367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Injection molding is one of the most promising technologies for the large-scale production and application of polymeric microfluidic chips. The multi-objective optimization of injection molding process for substrate and cover plate on protein electrophoresis microfluidic chip is performed to solve the problem that the forming precision is difficult to coordinate because of the cross-scale structure characteristics for chip in this paper. The innovation for this research is that an optimization approach and a detailed fuzzy rule determination method are proposed in multi-objective optimization for protein electrophoresis microfluidic chip. In more detail, firstly, according to the number and level of process parameters, the orthogonal experimental design is carried out. Then, the experiments are performed. Secondly, the grey relational analysis (GRA) approach is employed to process the response data to gain the grey relational coefficient (GRC). Thirdly, the grey fuzzy decision making method which combines triangular membership function and gaussian membership function is adopted to obtain the grey fuzzy grade (GFG). After that, the optimal scheme of process parameters was predicted by the grey fuzzy grade analysis. Finally, the superiority of Taguchi grey fuzzy decision making method are verified by comparing the results of original scheme, optimal scheme and prediction scheme. As a result, compared with the original design, the residual stress of substrate plate (RSS), residual stress of cover plate (RSC), warpage of substrate plate (WS), warpage of cover plate (WC) and replication fidelity of microchannel for substrate plate (RFM) on the prediction scheme for Taguchi grey fuzzy decision making method were reduced by 32.816%, 29.977%, 88.571%, 74.390% and 46.453%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Shan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wangqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China. .,School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yihua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Baishun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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31
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Zhao S, Nie Y, Zhang W, Hu R, Sheng L, He W, Zhu N, Li Y, Ji D, Guo K. Microfluidic field strategy for enhancement and scale up of liquid–liquid homogeneous chemical processes by optimization of 3D spiral baffle structure. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Investigation of Solvent-Assisted In-Mold Bonding of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) Microfluidic Chips. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060965. [PMID: 35744579 PMCID: PMC9230383 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The bonding of microfluidic chips is an essential process to enclose microchannels or microchambers in a lab-on-a-chip. In order to improve the bonding quality while reducing the fabrication time, a solvent-assisted bonding strategy was proposed to seal the microchannels immediately after the cover sheet and substrate chip was injection molded in a single mold. Proper organic solvents were selected and the influences of solvent ratios on the surface roughness, microchannel morphology, and contact angle of microfluidic chips were investigated. When the solvent bonding was integrated in the mold, the influences of solvent volume fraction, solvent dosage, bonding pressure, and bonding time on the bonding quality were analyzed. Results show that the solvent cyclohexane needs to be mixed with isopropanol to reduce the dissolution effect. Solvent treatment is suggested to be performed on the cover sheet with a cyclohexane volume fraction of 70% and a dose of 1.5 mL, a bonding pressure of 2 MPa, and a bonding time of 240 s. The bonding strength reaches 913 kPa with the optimized parameters, while the microchannel deformation was controlled below 8%.
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33
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Voltage-driven microfluidic synthesis of magnetite and gold nanomaterials. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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35
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Deydier T, Bolognesi G, Vladisavljević GT. Scaled-up droplet generation in parallelised 3D flow focusing junctions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Li Y, Cai S, Shen H, Chen Y, Ge Z, Yang W. Recent advances in acoustic microfluidics and its exemplary applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:031502. [PMID: 35712527 PMCID: PMC9197543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-based microfluidics has been widely used in recent years for fundamental research due to its simple device design, biocompatibility, and contactless operation. In this article, the basic theory, typical devices, and technical applications of acoustic microfluidics technology are summarized. First, the theory of acoustic microfluidics is introduced from the classification of acoustic waves, acoustic radiation force, and streaming flow. Then, various applications of acoustic microfluidics including sorting, mixing, atomization, trapping, patterning, and acoustothermal heating are reviewed. Finally, the development trends of acoustic microfluidics in the future were summarized and looked forward to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Honglin Shen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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37
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Panneerselvam R, Sadat H, Höhn EM, Das A, Noothalapati H, Belder D. Microfluidics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a win-win combination? LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:665-682. [PMID: 35107464 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, analytical techniques like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) render structural and chemical information of a variety of analyte molecules in ultra-low concentration. Although this technique is making significant progress in various fields, the reproducibility of SERS measurements and sensitivity towards small molecules are still daunting challenges. In this regard, microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MF-SERS) is well on its way to join the toolbox of analytical chemists. This review article explains how MF-SERS is becoming a powerful tool in analytical chemistry. We critically present the developments in SERS substrates for microfluidic devices and how these substrates in microfluidic channels can improve the SERS sensitivity, reproducibility, and detection limit. We then introduce the building materials for microfluidic platforms and their types such as droplet, centrifugal, and digital microfluidics. Finally, we enumerate some challenges and future directions in microfluidic SERS. Overall, this article showcases the potential and versatility of microfluidic SERS in overcoming the inherent issues in the SERS technique and also discusses the advantage of adding SERS to the arsenal of microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapandiyan Panneerselvam
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India.
| | - Hasan Sadat
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Höhn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anish Das
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Battat S, Weitz DA, Whitesides GM. An outlook on microfluidics: the promise and the challenge. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:530-536. [PMID: 35048918 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This perspective considers ways in which the field of microfluidics can increase its impact by improving existing technologies and enabling new functionalities. We highlight applications where microfluidics has made or can make important contributions, including diagnostics, food safety, and the production of materials. The success of microfluidics assumes several forms, including fundamental innovations in fluid mechanics that enable the precise manipulation of fluids at small scales and the development of portable microfluidic chips for commercial purposes. We identify outstanding technical challenges whose resolution could increase the accessibility of microfluidics to users with both scientific and non-technical backgrounds. They include the simplification of procedures for sample preparation, the identification of materials for the production of microfluidic devices in both laboratory and commercial settings, and the replacement of auxiliary equipment with automated components for the operation of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Battat
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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40
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Hou Q, Wang L, Xiao F, Wang L, Liu X, Zhu L, Lu Y, Zheng W, Jiang X. Dual targeting nanoparticles for epilepsy therapy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12913-12920. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-targeting nanoparticles containing D-T7 peptide and Tet1 peptide were designed for carrying lamotrigine (LTG) to cross the blood–brain barrier and further concentrate at the epilepsy lesions for treating epilepsy with high biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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41
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Li L, Ling H, Tao J, Pei C, Duan X. Microchannel-confined crystallization: shape-controlled continuous preparation of a high-quality CL-20/HMX cocrystal. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shape-controlled continuous preparation of a high-quality CL-20/HMX cocrystal has been realized through a microchannel-confined crystallization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Chonghua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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42
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Westphal H, Warias R, Weise C, Ragno D, Becker H, Spanka M, Massi A, Gläser R, Schneider C, Belder D. An integrated resource-efficient microfluidic device for parallelised studies of immobilised chiral catalysts in continuous flow via miniaturized LC/MS-analysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-μReactor catalysis screening: a novel method combining multiple miniaturized packed-bed reactors and on-line HPLC/MS-analysis on one single microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Westphal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Chris Weise
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Italy
| | - Holger Becker
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Spanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Germany
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Italy
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Germany
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43
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Li P, Zeng X, Li S, Xiang X, Chen P, Li Y, Liu BF. Rapid Determination of Phase Diagrams for Biomolecular Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation with Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2021; 94:687-694. [PMID: 34936324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular phase separation is currently emerging in both the medical and life science fields. Meanwhile, the application of liquid-liquid phase separation has been extended to many fields including drug discovery, fibrous material fabrication, 3D printing, and polymer design. Although more than 8600 proteins and other synthetic macromolecules are capable of phase separation as recently reported, there is still a lack of a high-throughput approach to quantitatively characterize its phase behaviors. To meet this requirement, here, we proposed fast and high-resolution acquisition of biomolecular phase diagrams using microfluidic chips. Using this platform, we demonstrated the phase behavior of polyU/RRASLRRASLRRASL in a quantitative manner. Up to 1750 concentration conditions can be generated in 140 min. The detection limitation of our device to capture the saturation concentration for phase separation is about 5 times lower than that of the traditional turbidity method. Thus, our results provide a basis for the rapid acquisition of phase diagrams with high-throughput and pave the way for its wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xufu Xiang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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44
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Trinh KTL, Chae WR, Lee NY. Pressure-Free Assembling of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microdevices via Microwave-Assisted Solvent Bonding and Its Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120526. [PMID: 34940283 PMCID: PMC8699324 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has become an appealing material for manufacturing microfluidic chips, particularly for biomedical applications, because of its transparency and biocompatibility, making the development of an appropriate bonding strategy critical. In our research, we used acetic acid as a solvent to create a pressure-free assembly of PMMA microdevices. The acetic acid applied between the PMMA slabs was activated by microwave using a household microwave oven to tightly merge the substrates without external pressure such as clamps. The bonding performance was tested and a superior bond strength of 14.95 ± 0.77 MPa was achieved when 70% acetic acid was used. Over a long period, the assembled PMMA device with microchannels did not show any leakage. PMMA microdevices were also built as a serpentine 2D passive micromixer and cell culture platform to demonstrate their applicability. The results demonstrated that the bonding scheme allows for the easy assembly of PMMAs with a low risk of clogging and is highly biocompatible. This method provides for a simple but robust assembly of PMMA microdevices in a short time without requiring expensive instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
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45
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Täuber S, Schmitz J, Blöbaum L, Fante N, Steinhoff H, Grünberger A. How to Perform a Microfluidic Cultivation Experiment—A Guideline to Success. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120485. [PMID: 34940242 PMCID: PMC8699335 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the steadily ongoing development of microfluidic cultivation (MC) devices, a plethora of setups is used in biological laboratories for the cultivation and analysis of different organisms. Because of their biocompatibility and ease of fabrication, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass-based devices are most prominent. Especially the successful and reproducible cultivation of cells in microfluidic systems, ranging from bacteria over algae and fungi to mammalians, is a fundamental step for further quantitative biological analysis. In combination with live-cell imaging, MC devices allow the cultivation of small cell clusters (or even single cells) under defined environmental conditions and with high spatio-temporal resolution. Yet, most setups in use are custom made and only few standardised setups are available, making trouble-free application and inter-laboratory transfer tricky. Therefore, we provide a guideline to overcome the most frequently occurring challenges during a MC experiment to allow untrained users to learn the application of continuous-flow-based MC devices. By giving a concise overview of the respective workflow, we give the reader a general understanding of the whole procedure and its most common pitfalls. Additionally, we complement the listing of challenges with solutions to overcome these hurdles. On selected case studies, covering successful and reproducible growth of cells in MC devices, we demonstrate detailed solutions to solve occurring challenges as a blueprint for further troubleshooting. Since developer and end-user of MC devices are often different persons, we believe that our guideline will help to enhance a broader applicability of MC in the field of life science and eventually promote the ongoing advancement of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Täuber
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (S.T.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (N.F.); (H.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (S.T.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (N.F.); (H.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luisa Blöbaum
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (S.T.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (N.F.); (H.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Fante
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (S.T.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (N.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Heiko Steinhoff
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (S.T.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (N.F.); (H.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (S.T.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (N.F.); (H.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
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46
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Chen Z, Xiong Q, Li S, Wang Y, Xu J. Experimental investigation of dynamic mass transfer during droplet formation using micro-LIF in a coaxial microchannel. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Applications of Microfluidics in Liquid Crystal-Based Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100385. [PMID: 34677341 PMCID: PMC8534167 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) with stimuli-responsive configuration transition and optical anisotropic properties have attracted enormous interest in the development of simple and label-free biosensors. The combination of microfluidics and the LCs offers great advantages over traditional LC-based biosensors including small sample consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Moreover, microfluidic techniques provide a promising tool to fabricate uniform and reproducible LC-based sensing platforms. In this review, we emphasize the recent development of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of LC-based biosensors, including LC planar sensing platforms and LC droplets. Fabrication and integration of LC-based planar platforms with microfluidics for biosensing applications are first introduced. The generation and entrapment of monodisperse LC droplets with different microfluidic structures, as well as their applications in the detection of chemical and biological species, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensors are proposed. This review will promote the understanding of microfluidic techniques in LC-based biosensors and facilitate the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensing devices with high performance.
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48
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Ostrowska SJ, Rana A, Utz M. Spatially Resolved Kinetic Model of Parahydrogen Induced Polarisation (PHIP) in a Microfluidic Chip. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2004-2013. [PMID: 33929791 PMCID: PMC8518753 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a spatially resolved kinetic finite element model of parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) in a microfluidic chip that was calibrated using on-chip and off-chip NMR data. NMR spectroscopy has great potential as a read-out technique for lab-on-a-chip (LoC) devices, but is often limited by sensitivity. By integrating PHIP with a LoC device, a continuous stream of hyperpolarised material can be produced, and mass sensitivities of pmol s have been achieved. However, the yield and polarisation levels have so far been quite low, and can still be optimised. To facilitate this, a kinetic model of the reaction has been developed, and its rate constants have been calibrated using macroscopic kinetic measurements. The kinetic model was then coupled with a finite element model of the microfluidic chip. The model predicts the concentration of species involved in the reaction as a function of flow rate and position in the device. The results are in quantitative agreement with published experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aabidah Rana
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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49
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Baki A, Wiekhorst F, Bleul R. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles Engineering for Biomedical Applications-A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:134. [PMID: 34677207 PMCID: PMC8533261 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have been developed and applied for a broad range of biomedical applications, such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy and tissue repair. As one key element, reproducible synthesis routes of MNPs are capable of controlling and adjusting structure, size, shape and magnetic properties are mandatory. In this review, we discuss advanced methods for engineering and utilizing MNPs, such as continuous synthesis approaches using microtechnologies and the biosynthesis of magnetosomes, biotechnological synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles from bacteria. We compare the technologies and resulting MNPs with conventional synthetic routes. Prominent biomedical applications of the MNPs such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery and magnetic actuation in micro/nanorobots will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader Baki
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany;
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50
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Zhou L, Zhang Q, Xu X, Huo X, Zhou Q, Wang X, Yu Q. Fabricating an Electrospray Ionization Chip Based on Induced Polarization and Liquid Splitting. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091034. [PMID: 34577678 PMCID: PMC8472801 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of the microfluidic chip to mass spectrometry (MS) has attracted considerable attention in the area of chemical and biological analysis. The most commonly used ionization technique in the chip–MS system is electrospray ionization (ESI). Traditional chip-based ESI devices mainly employ direct electrical contact between the electrode and the spray solvent. In this study, a microchip ESI source based on a novel polarization-splitting approach was developed. Specifically, the droplet in the microchannel is first polarized by the electric field and then split into two sub-droplets. In this process, the charge generated by polarization is retained in the liquid, resulting in the generation of two charged droplets with opposite polarities. Finally, when these charged droplets reach the emitter, the electrospray process is initiated and both positive and negative ions are formed from the same solution. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the coupling of this polarization-splitting ESI (PS-ESI) chip with a mass spectrometer enables conventional ESI-MS analysis of various analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvhan Zhou
- Open FIESTA, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Q.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Q.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiangchun Xu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Q.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xinming Huo
- Division of Life Science & Health, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Qian Zhou
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Q.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Q.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Q.Z.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.Y.)
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