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Lin X, Zhang H, Liu W, Dong X, Sun Y. Methylene Blue-Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots: A Potent Photooxygenation Scavenger Targeting Alzheimer's β-Amyloid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44062-44074. [PMID: 37682558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus development of potent scavengers targeting Aβ is considered an effective strategy for AD treatment. Herein, photosensitizer-doped carbonized polymer dots (PS-CPDs) were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using photosensitizer (PS) and o-phenylenediamine (oPD) as precursors, and furtherly applied to inhibit Aβ aggregation via photooxygenation. The inhibition efficiency of such PS-CPDs can be adjusted by varying the type of photosensitizer, and among them, methylene blue-doped carbonized polymer dots (MB-CPDs) showed the strongest photooxygenation inhibition capability. The results demonstrated that under 650 nm NIR light irradiation, MB-CPDs (2 μg/mL) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to efficiently inhibit Aβ fibrillization and disaggregate mature Aβ fibrils and increased the cultured cell viability from 50% to 83%. In vivo studies confirmed that MB-CPDs extended the lifespan of AD nematodes by 4 days. Notably, the inhibitory capability of MB-CPDs is much stronger than that of MB and previously reported carbonized polymer dots. This work indicated that potent photooxygenation carbon dots can be obtained by using a photosensitizer as one of the precursors, and the results have provided new insights into the design of potent photooxygenation carbon nanomaterials targeting Aβ in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Lin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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2
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Kuo YC, De S. Development of carbon dots to manage Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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3
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Hsiao WWW, Angela S, Le TN, Ku CC, Hu PS, Chiang WH. Evolution of Detecting Early Onset of Alzheimer's Disease: From Neuroimaging to Optical Immunoassays. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221202. [PMID: 37125550 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pathological disorder defined by the symptoms of memory loss and deterioration of cognitive abilities over time. Although the etiology is complex, it is mainly associated with the accumulation of toxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates and tau protein-induced neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Even now, creating non-invasive, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for AD remains challenging. Over the past few decades, polymers, and nanomaterials (e.g., nanodiamonds, nanogold, quantum dots) have become attractive and practical tools in nanomedicine for diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on current developments in sensing methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to boost the sensitivity in detecting related biomarkers for AD. In addition, optical analysis platforms such as ELISA and SERS have found increasing popularity among researchers due to their excellent sensitivity and specificity, which may go as low as the femtomolar range. While ELISA offers easy technological usage and high throughput, SERS has the advantages of improved mobility, simple electrical equipment integration, and lower cost. Both portable optical sensing techniques are highly superior in terms of sensitivity, specificity, human application, and practicality, enabling the early identification of AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Stefanny Angela
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Trong-Nghia Le
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Sheng Hu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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4
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Ashique S, Afzal O, Yasmin S, Hussain A, Altamimi MA, Webster TJ, Altamimi ASA. Strategic nanocarriers to control neurodegenerative disorders: Concept, challenges, and future perspective. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122614. [PMID: 36646255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Various neurodegenerative diseases (parkinson, huntington, alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are becoming serious global health challenges. Despite various treatment options, successful delivery and effective outcomes have been challenged with several physiological-anatomical barriers, formulation related issues, post-administration hurdles, regulatory constraints, physical hurdles, environmental issues, and safety concern. In the present review, we addressed a brief understanding of pathological and normal condition of blood brain barrier (BBB), rational for brain delivery using nanocarriers, major challenges, advantages of nanomedicine, critical aspects of nanomedicine to translate from bed to clinics, and strategic approaches for improved delivery across BBB. The review addressed various mechanistic perspective for delivery of drug loaded nanocarriers across BBB. Moreover, several reports have been published wherein phytomedicine, exosomes, magnetic nanopartilces, functionalized nanocarriers, cationic nanopartilces, and nano-phytomedicine were investigated for remarkable improvement in neurological disorders. These findings are informative for healthcare professionals, researchers, and scientists working in the domains. The successful application and convincing outcomes of nanomedicines were envisaged with clinical trials conducted on various drugs intended to control neurological disorders (NDs). Conclusively, the review addressed comprehensive findings on various aspects of drug loaded nanocarrier delivery across BBB, considerable risks, potential therapeutic benefits, clinical trial based outcomes, and recent advances followed by future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology (BIT), School of Pharmacy, Meerut-250103, UP, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas J Webster
- School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Liu H, Guo H, Fang Y, Wang L, Li P. Rational Design of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Inhibiting β-Amyloid Aggregation. Molecules 2023; 28:1451. [PMID: 36771112 PMCID: PMC9919344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrillization and abnormal aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are commonly recognized risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, and require an effective strategy to inhibit the Aβ deposition and treat AD. Herein, we designed and synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) as an Aβ-targeted probe, which exhibits the capacity of inhibiting the 1-42 Aβ (Aβ1-42) self-assembly in vitro. The N-CDs exhibited orange emission with an emission wavelength of 570 nm, which demonstrates their excellent optical properties with excitation-independent behavior. Meanwhile, the N-CDs have spherical morphologies with an average size of 2.2 nm, whose surface enriches the amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. These preparties are conducive to improving their biological water solubility and provide a large number of chemical bonds for further interaction with proteins. Contrary to this, the kinetic process, size evolutions, and morphologies changes of Aβ1-42 were inhibited in the presence of N-CDs in the determination of a thioflavin T assay, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscope, etc. Finally, the safety application of N-CDs on Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity was further demonstrated via in vitro cytotoxicity experiments. This work demonstrates the effective outcome of suppressing Aβ aggregation, which provides a new view into the high-efficiency and low-cytotoxicity strategy in AD theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Neurovascular, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Huazhang Guo
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yibin Fang
- Department of Neurovascular, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurovascular, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
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Epigallocatechin gallate-derived carbonized polymer dots: A multifunctional scavenger targeting Alzheimer's β-amyloid plaques. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:524-537. [PMID: 36503076 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The design of high-efficiency scavengers targeting β-amyloid protein (Aβ) plaques in the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recognized as an effective way to prevent and treat AD. Herein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-derived carbonized polymer dots (E-CPDs) were synthesized for the first time via a hydrothermal method using EGCG, an Aβ inhibitor, as one of the raw materials. The inhibitory efficiency and fluorescent property of E-CPDs were elegantly modulated by adjusting the molar ratio of EGCG to nitrogen-containing dopant, o-phenylenediamine (oPD), and 75E-CPDs fabricated with 75 mM EGCG and 50 mM oPD showed the highest inhibitory capability. The multifunctionality of 75E-CPDs on inhibition of Aβ fibrillization, Aβ fibrils disaggregation, amyloid fluorescent detection, and intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging was demonstrated. 75E-CPDs inhibited the formation of β-sheet-rich Aβ aggregates, alleviated Aβ-induced cytotoxicity of cultured cells from 47% to 15%, and prolonged the lifespan of AD nematodes by scavenging in vivo amyloid plaques, demonstrating much higher performance than either EGCG or EGCG-free carbon dots. Notably, 75E-CPDs could rapidly disaggregate Aβ fibrils on "second" scale, faster than any other disaggregating agents. The aromatic structure as well as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups existing on 75E-CPDs surface, which would interact with Aβ species via hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, played critical roles in their inhibition and disaggregation capabilities. This work reveals that potent CDs can be fabricated by using an Aβ inhibitor as the precursor, providing a new perspective for the design of multifunctional scavengers targeting amyloid plaques. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide and seriously threatens human health. Recently, carbon nanomaterials have attracted much attention because of their good biocompatibility and capability in modulating Aβ aggregation via multiple interactions. This work has for the first time fabricated epigallocatechin gallate-derived carbonized polymer dots (E-CPDs) and revealed the multifunctional potency of E-CPDs on alleviating the multifaced symptoms associated with β-amyloid protein (Aβ) fibrillization in the progression of AD. Notably, E-CPDs exhibited enhanced fluorescence emission upon binding to Aβ fibrils, possessing potential as Aβ fluorescent probes. It is believed that this work would open a new horizon in the design of multifunctional carbon nanomaterials as a potent amyloid scavenger for AD theranostics.
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7
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Liu Y, Shen Y. Applications of Nanoparticles in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:459-471. [PMID: 37807779 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid aging of the global population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has become a significant concern, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most common. However, the clinical trials of many drugs targeting AD have failed due to the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which makes intracerebral administration of drugs difficult. However, nanoparticles (NPs) may aid in the delivery of such drugs. NPs are materials with sizes between 1-100 nm that offer several advantages, such as improving biocompatibility, prolonging half-life, transporting large molecules, crossing the BBB to deliver to the central nervous system, and exhibiting good targeting ability. In addition to drug delivery, NPs also have excellent diagnostic potential, and multifunctional NPs can integrate the advantages of diagnosis, targeting, and treatment. This mini-review article provides an overview of NPs, including the composition of the carrier, strategies for crossing the BBB, and different targets of AD pathology, with the aim of providing guidance for the development prospects of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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8
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Leblanc RM. Structure-Property-Activity Relationships in Carbon Dots. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10777-10796. [PMID: 36395361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the most versatile nanomaterials discovered in the 21st century. They possess many properties and thus hold potentials in diverse applications. While an increasing amount of attention has been given to these novel nanoparticles, the broad scientific community is actively engaged in exploring their limits. Recent studies on the fractionalization and assembly of CDs further push the limits beyond just CDs and demonstrate that CDs are both a mixture of heterogeneous fractions and promising building blocks for assembly of large carbon-based materials. With CDs moving forward toward both microscopic and macroscopic levels, a good understanding of the structure-property-activity relationships is essential to forecasting the future of CDs. Hence, in this Perspective, structure-property-activity relationships are highlighted based on the repeatedly verified findings in CDs. In addition, studies on CD fractionalization and assembly are briefly summarized in this Perspective. Eventually, these structure-property-activity relationships and controllability are essential for the development of CDs with desired properties for various applications especially in photochemistry, electrochemistry, nanomedicine, and surface chemistry. In summary, in our opinion, since 2004 until the present, history has witnessed a great development of CDs although there is still some room for more studies. Also, considering many attractive properties, structure-property-activity relationships, and the building block nature of CDs, a variety of carbon-based materials of interest can be constructed from CDs with control. They can help reduce blind trials in the development of carbon-based materials, which is of great significance in materials science, chemistry, and any fields related to the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.,C-Dots LLC, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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9
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Guo F, Li Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Jiang J, Cheng S, Yu S, Zhang X, Liu F, Li Y, Rose G, Zhang H. Applications of Carbon Dots for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6621-6638. [PMID: 36582459 PMCID: PMC9793737 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s388030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently approximately 50 million victims of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. The exact cause of the disease is unknown at this time, but amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are hallmarks of the disease. Current drug treatments for AD may slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, but they are often only minimally effective and are not cures. A major obstacle to developing and delivering more effective drug therapies is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents many compounds with therapeutic potential from reaching the central nervous system. Nanotechnology may provide a solution to this problem. Among the medical nanomaterials currently being studied, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted widespread attention because of their ability to cross the BBB, non-toxicity, and potential for drug/gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingman Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Liu
- Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, 570208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Scientific Experiment Center of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghuai Cheng
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Yu
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingfang Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Laboratory Department, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 353006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiying Li
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gregory Rose
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA,Correspondence: Gregory Rose, Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA, Tel +1 618-303-6503, Email
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China,Haiying Zhang, Public Research Laboratory of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13907533247, Email
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Chalcones as Anti-Glioblastoma Stem Cell Agent Alone or as Nanoparticle Formulation Using Carbon Dots as Nanocarrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071465. [PMID: 35890360 PMCID: PMC9316063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current prognosis for glioblastoma is dismal. Treatment-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the failure of most drugs to reach therapeutic levels within the tumor remain formidable obstacles to successful treatment. Chalcones are aromatic ketones demonstrated to reduce malignant properties in cancers including glioblastoma. Nanomedicines can increase drug accumulation and tumor cell death. Carbon-dots are promising nanocarriers that can be easily functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands and anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, we synthesized a series of 4′-amino chalcones with the rationale that the amino group would serve as a “handle” to facilitate covalent attachment to carbon-dots and tested their cytotoxicity toward GSCs. We generated 31 chalcones (22 4′-amino and 9 4′ derivatives) including 5 novel chalcones, and found that 13 had an IC50 below 10 µM in all GSC lines. After confirming that the 4-amino group was not part of the active pharmacophore, chalcones were attached to transferrin-conjugated carbon-dots. These conjugates were significantly more cytotoxic than the free chalcones, with the C-dot-transferrin-2,5, dimethoxy chalcone conjugate inducing up to 100-fold more GSC death. Several of the tested chalcones represent promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-GSC drugs. Furthermore, designing amino chalcones for carbon-dot mediated drug delivery is a rational and effective methodology.
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Zhou Y, Kandel N, Bartoli M, Serafim LF, ElMetwally AE, Falkenberg SM, Paredes XE, Nelson CJ, Smith N, Padovano E, Zhang W, Mintz KJ, Ferreira BC, Cilingir EK, Chen J, Shah SK, Prabhakar R, Tagliaferro A, Wang C, Leblanc RM. Structure-Activity Relationship of Carbon Nitride Dots in Inhibiting Tau Aggregation. CARBON 2022; 193:1-16. [PMID: 35463198 PMCID: PMC9030089 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the numerous failed clinical trials of anti-amyloid drugs, microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) now stands out as one of the most promising targets for AD therapy. In this study, we report for the first time the structure-dependent MAPT aggregation inhibition of carbon nitride dots (CNDs). CNDs have exhibited great promise as a potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by inhibiting the aggregation of MAPT. In order to elucidate its structure-activity relationship, CNDs were separated via column chromatography and five fractions with different structures were obtained that were characterized by multiple spectroscopy methods. The increase of surface hydrophilic functional groups is consistent with the increase of polarity from fraction 1 to 5. Particle sizes (1-2 nm) and zeta potentials (~-20 mV) are similar among five fractions. With the increase of polarity from fraction 1 to 5, their MAPT aggregation inhibition capacity was weakened. This suggests hydrophobic interactions between CNDs and MAPT, validated via molecular dynamics simulations. With a zebrafish blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, CNDs were observed to cross the BBB through passive diffusion. CNDs were also found to inhibit the generation of multiple reactive oxygen species, which is an important contributor to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- C-Dots, LLC, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nabin Kandel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY 12180, USA
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, Turin 10144, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Xavier E. Paredes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY 12180, USA
| | - Elisa Padovano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Keenan J. Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | | | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Sujit K. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY 12180, USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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12
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Li H, Zhang Y, Ding J, Wu T, Cai S, Zhang W, Cai R, Chen C, Yang R. Synthesis of carbon quantum dots for application of alleviating amyloid-β mediated neurotoxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112373. [PMID: 35101826 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been an intractable neurodegenerative disease among the elderly in the worldwide. One of the important pathogenic factors in AD is the aggregation of amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) in AD patients' brain. Inhibition of Aβ peptide aggregation is considered as one of the effective approaches against AD. Herein, a pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method is used to fabricate ultra-small carbon quantum dots (C-QDs) with uniform size. The reduced Aβ42 aggregation by the C-QDs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thioflavin T assay and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The results of cell viability experiments showed that the presence of the C-QDs could significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of Aβ42. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate that C-QDs can decrease Aβ42 deposits and promote the biological activity of an AD model of Caenorhabditis elegans CL2006. This work demonstrates the viability of using ultrasmall C-QDs to inhibit amyloid-β aggregation and alleviate amyloid-β mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuangfei Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Rong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Salarpour S, Barani M, Pardakhty A, Khatami M, Pal Singh Chauhan N. The application of exosomes and Exosome-nanoparticle in treating brain disorders. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Wang S, Zheng J, Ma L, Petersen RB, Xu L, Huang K. Inhibiting protein aggregation with nanomaterials: The underlying mechanisms and impact factors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130061. [PMID: 34822925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is correlated with the onset and progression of protein misfolding diseases (PMDs). Inhibiting the generation of toxic aggregates of misfolded proteins has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for PMDs. Due to their unique properties, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for their ability to inhibit protein aggregation and have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of PMDs. However, the precise mechanisms by which nanomaterials interact with amyloidogenic proteins and the factors influencing these interactions remain poorly understood. Consequently, developing a rational design strategy for nanomaterials that target specific proteins in PMDs has been challenging. In this review, we elucidate the effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation and describe the mechanisms through which nanomaterials interfere with protein aggregation. The major factors impacting protein-nanomaterial interaction such as size, charge, concentration, surface modification and morphology that can be rationally addressed to achieve the desired effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation are summarized. The prospects and challenges to the clinical application of nanomaterials for the treatment of PMDs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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15
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Tao QQ, Lin RR, Chen YH, Wu ZY. Discerning the Role of Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1391-1404. [PMID: 36186141 PMCID: PMC9466977 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease. The predominant characteristics of AD are the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction as one of the causative factors of cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized in the last decades. However, the role of BBB dysfunction in AD pathogenesis is still not fully understood. It remains elusive whether BBB dysfunction is a consequence or causative fact of Aβ pathology, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, or other conditions. In this review, we summarized the major findings of BBB dysfunction in AD and the reciprocal relationships between BBB dysfunction, Aβ pathology, tau pathology, and neuroinflammation. In addition, the implications of BBB dysfunction in AD for delivering therapeutic drugs were presented. Finally, we discussed how to better determine the underlying mechanisms between BBB dysfunction and AD, as well as how to explore new therapies for BBB regulation to treat AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhi-Ying Wu, the Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. E-mail:
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16
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Lee H, Kim S, Hwang KS, Lim NR, Oh HB, Cho IJ, Kim J, Kim KH, Kim HN. Effect of carbon nanomaterial dimension on the functional activity and degeneration of neurons. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121232. [PMID: 34739983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing concerns regarding the threat of airborne nanoparticle-mediated brain degeneration, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Carbon nanomaterials, the main components of airborne nanoparticles, have multi-dimensional structures. Therefore, the dimensional effect of carbon-based nanomaterials on the regulation of neural function in brain disorders requires additional clarification. Herein, we report the interaction between zero-to three-dimensional carbon nanostructures and the amyloid-beta protein, which can either activate or interrupt neuronal functions, depending on the dimension of the carbon nanostructures. The carbon nanomaterials induced significant cellular activation by short-term exposure, while prolonged exposure eventually caused neuronal cell death. Such dimension-dependent activation or degeneration was more evident in the higher-dimension carbon nanomaterials, as confirmed by the increases in neurotransmitter secretion and synapse-related protein levels to more than five times at 72 h of monitoring and calcium signaling in the neurons. The inclusion of amyloid-beta proteins ameliorated the cytotoxic effects of carbon nanomaterials in higher-dimensional carbon nanomaterials by regulating 333 genes. We found that the ɑ-synuclein gene is the key factor in carbon-induced abnormal neuronal function. Therefore, through biological analyses and in vitro feasibility studies, this new insight may contribute toward understanding the pathological mechanism and finding a new target for therapy in human brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu Ri Lim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Yan C, Wang C, Shao X, Shu Q, Hu X, Guan P, Teng Y, Cheng Y. Dual-targeted carbon-dot-drugs nanoassemblies for modulating Alzheimer's related amyloid- β aggregation and inhibiting fungal infection. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100167. [PMID: 34901820 PMCID: PMC8639470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation and fungal infection, especially amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Candida albicans are considered as two of the crucial pathogenic agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, we propose an innovative treatment strategy for AD, targeting at not only Aβ aggregation but also Candida albicans infection. Here, a high-performance nanomaterial, namely gCDs-E, have been prepared by self-assembled of glycosylated carbon dots (gCDs) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Surprisingly, gCDs-E can not only suppress the fibrillation of Aβ and disaggregate Aβ fibrils, but also effectively inhibit the activity of Candida albicans. More importantly, the prepared gCDs-E can effectively cut down the cytotoxicity of amyloid aggregations, and the cell viability reached to 99.2%. In addition, the capability of the gCDs-E for blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration was also observed using a normal mice model. Above all, the gCDs-E greatly cleaned Aβ deposition and improved memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice, confirming its potential as therapeutic agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Chaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Qi Shu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Yonggang Teng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, 3800, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Wang X, Zhang JB, He KJ, Wang F, Liu CF. Advances of Zebrafish in Neurodegenerative Disease: From Models to Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713963. [PMID: 34335276 PMCID: PMC8317260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (NDD), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons which leads to the decline of motor and/or cognitive function. Currently, the prevalence of NDD is rapidly increasing in the aging population. However, valid drugs or treatment for NDD are still lacking. The clinical heterogeneity and complex pathogenesis of NDD pose a great challenge for the development of disease-modifying therapies. Numerous animal models have been generated to mimic the pathological conditions of these diseases for drug discovery. Among them, zebrafish (Danio rerio) models are progressively emerging and becoming a powerful tool for in vivo study of NDD. Extensive use of zebrafish in pharmacology research or drug screening is due to the high conserved evolution and 87% homology to humans. In this review, we summarize the zebrafish models used in NDD studies, and highlight the recent findings on pharmacological targets for NDD treatment. As high-throughput platforms in zebrafish research have rapidly developed in recent years, we also discuss the application prospects of these new technologies in future NDD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
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19
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Barras A, Sauvage F, de Hoon I, Braeckmans K, Hua D, Buvat G, Fraire JC, Lethien C, Sebag J, Harrington M, Abderrahmani A, Boukherroub R, De Smedt S, Szunerits S. Carbon quantum dots as a dual platform for the inhibition and light-based destruction of collagen fibers: implications for the treatment of eye floaters. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:449-461. [PMID: 33903870 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Common in myopia and aging, vitreous opacities arise from clumped collagen fibers within the vitreous body that cast shadows on the retina, appearing as 'floaters' to the patient. Vitreous opacities degrade contrast sensitivity function and can cause significant impairment in vision-related quality-of-life, representing an unmet and underestimated medical need. One therapeutic approach could be the use of versatile light-responsive nanostructures which (i) interfere with the formation of collagen fibers and/or (ii) destroy aggregates of vitreous collagen upon pulsed-laser irradiation at low fluences. In this work, the potential of positively and negatively charged carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to interfere with the aggregation of type I collagen is investigated. We demonstrate that fibrillation of collagen I is prevented most strongly by positively charged CQDs (CQDs-2) and that pulsed-laser illumination allowed to destroy type I collagen aggregates and vitreous opacities (as obtained from patients after vitrectomy) treated with CQDs-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inès de Hoon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dawei Hua
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Gaëtan Buvat
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Lethien
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - J Sebag
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, California 92647, USA and Doheny Eye Institute/UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | | | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
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20
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Luta G, Butura M, Tiron A, Tiron CE. Enhancing Anti-Tumoral Potential of CD-NHF by Modulating PI3K/Akt Axis in U87 Ex Vivo Glioma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083873. [PMID: 33918086 PMCID: PMC8070499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the latest years, there has been an increased interest in nanomaterials that may provide promising novel approaches to disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Our previous results demonstrated that Carbon-dots prepared from N-hydroxyphthalimide (CD-NHF) exhibited anti-tumoral activity on several cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, A375, A549, and RPMI8226, while U87 glioma tumor cells were unaffected. Gliomas represent one of the most common types of human primary brain tumors and are responsible for the majority of deaths. In the present in vitro study, we expand our previous investigation on CD-NHF in the U87 cell line by adding different drug combinations. METHODS Cell viability, migration, invasion, and immunofluorescent staining of key molecular pathways have been assessed after various treatments with CD-NHF and/or K252A and AKTVIII inhibitors in the U87 cell line. RESULTS Association of an inhibitor strongly potentiates the anti-tumoral properties of CD-NHF identified by significant impairment of migration, invasion, and expression levels of phosphorylated Akt, p70S6Kinase, or by decreasing expression levels of Bcl-2, IL-6, STAT3, and Slug. CONCLUSIONS Using simultaneously reduced doses of both CD-NHF and an inhibitor in order to reduce side effects, the viability and invasiveness of U87 glioma cells were significantly impaired.
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21
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Carbon dots for specific "off-on" sensing of Co 2+ and EDTA for in vivo bioimaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112022. [PMID: 33812639 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of frozen tofu, ethylenediamine and phosphoric acid in an efficient 64% yield. The resulting CDs exhibit good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, high stability, and excellent biocompatibility. The CDs selectively and sensitively detect Co2+ through fluorescent quenching with a detection limit of 58 nM. Fluorescence can be restored through the introduction of EDTA, and this phenomenon can be used to quantify EDTA in solution with a detection limit of 98 nM. As both analytes are detected by the same CD platform, this is an "off-on" fluorescence sensor for Co2+ and EDTA. The technique's robustness for real-world samples was illustrated by quantifying cobalt in tap water and EDTA in contact lens solution. The CDs were also evaluated for in vivo imaging as they show low cytotoxicity and excellent cellular uptake. In a zebrafish model, the CDs are rapidly adsorbed from the intestine into the liver, and are essentially cleared from the body in 24 h with no appreciable bioaccumulation. Their simple and efficient synthesis, combined with excellent physical and chemical performance, renders these CDs attractive candidates for theranostic applications in targeted "smart" drug delivery and bioimaging.
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22
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Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Kohan E, Tehrani Fateh S, Alimirzaei N, Arzaghi H, Hamblin MR. Organic dots (O-dots) for theranostic applications: preparation and surface engineering. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2253-2291. [PMID: 35424170 PMCID: PMC8693874 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic dots is a term used to represent materials including graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots because they rely on the presence of other atoms (O, H, and N) for their photoluminescence or fluorescence properties. They generally have a small size (as low as 2.5 nm), and show good photostability under prolonged irradiation. The excitation and emission wavelengths of O-dots can be tailored according to their synthetic procedure, where although their quantum yield is quite low compared with organic dyes, this is partly compensated by their large absorption coefficients. A wide range of strategies have been used to modify the surface of O-dots for passivation, improving their solubility and biocompatibility, and allowing the attachment of targeting moieties and therapeutic cargos. Hybrid nanostructures based on O-dots have been used for theranostic applications, particularly for cancer imaging and therapy. This review covers the synthesis, physics, chemistry, and characterization of O-dots. Their applications cover the prevention of protein fibril formation, and both controlled and targeted drug and gene delivery. Multifunctional therapeutic and imaging platforms have been reported, which combine four or more separate modalities, frequently including photothermal or photodynamic therapy and imaging and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company Tehran Iran
| | - Elmira Kohan
- Department of Science, University of Kurdistan Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran
| | - Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Alimirzaei
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Hamidreza Arzaghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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23
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Nguyen TT, Vo TK, Vo GV. Therapeutic Strategies and Nano-Drug Delivery Applications in Management of Aging Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:183-198. [PMID: 33725354 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline. Existing drugs only suppress symptoms or delay further deterioration but do not address the cause of the disease. In spite of screening numerous drug candidates against various molecular targets of AD, only a few candidates, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, are currently utilized as an effective clinical therapy. Currently, nano-based therapies can make a difference, providing new therapeutic options by helping drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain more effectively. The main aim of this review was to highlight advances in research on the development of nano-based therapeutics for improved treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Vietnam Sports Hospital, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea. .,Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea. .,School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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24
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Bloch DN, Ben Zichri S, Kolusheva S, Jelinek R. Tyrosine carbon dots inhibit fibrillation and toxicity of the human islet amyloid polypeptide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5866-5873. [PMID: 36133854 PMCID: PMC9419576 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) are believed to play key roles in the pathophysiology of type-II diabetes. Here, we demonstrate that carbon dots (C-dots) prepared from the amino acid tyrosine inhibit fibrillation of hIAPP, reduce hIAPP-induced cell toxicity and block membrane disruption by the peptide. The pronounced inhibitory effect is traced to the display of ubiquitous aromatic residues upon the C-dots' surface, mimicking the anti-fibril and anti-toxic activity of natural polyphenolic compounds. Notably, spectroscopy and thermodynamics analysis demonstrated different hIAPP interactions and fibril inhibition effects induced by tyrosine-C-dots displaying phenolic residues and C-dots prepared from phenylalanine which exhibited phenyl units on their surface, underscoring the significance of hydrogen bonding mediated by the phenolic hydroxide moieties for the fibril modulation activity. The presented experiments attest to the potential of tyrosine-C-dots as a therapeutic vehicle for protein misfolding diseases, interfering in both π-π interactions as well as hydrogen bonding involving aromatic residues of amyloidogenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nir Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Shani Ben Zichri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nano-Science and Technology (IKI), Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nano-Science and Technology (IKI), Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
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25
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gong X, Chang Y, Ren B, Zheng J. Introduction and Fundamentals of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Inhibitors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8286-8308. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Xiong Gong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
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Gao W, Wang W, Dong X, Sun Y. Nitrogen-Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots: A Potent Scavenger and Detector Targeting Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Plaques. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002804. [PMID: 33006250 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The fibrillization and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) are recognized to be the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which signify the need for the effective detection and inhibition of Aβ accumulation. Development of multifunctional agents that can inhibit Aβ aggregation, rapidly disaggregate fibrils, and image aggregates is one of the effective strategies to treat and diagnose AD. Herein, the multifunctionality of nitrogen-doped carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) targeting Aβ aggregation is reported. CPDs inhibit the fibrillization of Aβ monomers and rapidly disintegrate Aβ fibrils by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions with Aβ in a time scale of seconds to minutes. Moreover, the interactions make CPDs label Aβ fibrils and emit enhanced red fluorescence by the binding, so CPDs can be used for in vivo imaging of the amyloids in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL2006 as an AD model. Importantly, CPDs are demonstrated to scavenge the in vivo amyloid plaques and to promote the lifespan extension of CL2006 strain by alleviating the Aβ-triggered toxicity. Taken together, the multifunctional CPDs show an exciting prospect for further investigations in Aβ-targeted AD treatment and diagnosis, and this study provides new insight into the development of carbon materials in AD theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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27
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Henna TK, Raphey VR, Sankar R, Ameena Shirin VK, Gangadharappa HV, Pramod K. Carbon nanostructures: The drug and the delivery system for brain disorders. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119701. [PMID: 32736018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumors are major pathological conditions affecting the brain. The delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain is not as easy as to other organs or systems. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the drug delivery into the brain more complicated and challenging. Many techniques have been developed to overcome the difficulties with BBB and to achieve brain-targeted drug delivery. Incorporation of the drugs into nanocarriers capable to penetrate BBB is a simple technique. Different nanocarriers have been developed including polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, etc. Carbon nanostructures could make a superior position among them, because of their good biocompatibility and easy penetration of BBB. Carbon-family nanomaterials consist of different carbon-based structures including zero-dimensional fullerene, one-dimensional carbon nanotube, two-dimensional graphene, and some other related structures like carbon dots and nanodiamonds. They can be used as efficient carriers for drug delivery into the brain. Apart from the drug delivery applications, they can also be used as a central nervous system (CNS) therapeutic agent; some of the carbon nanostructures have neuroregenerative activity. Their influence on neuronal growth and anti-amyloid action is also interesting. This review focuses on different carbon nanostructures for brain-targeted drug delivery and their CNS activities. As a carrier and CNS therapeutic agent, carbon nanostructures can revolutionize the treatment of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Henna
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - V R Raphey
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - Renu Sankar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - V K Ameena Shirin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015, India.
| | - K Pramod
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India.
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28
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Koppel K, Tang H, Javed I, Parsa M, Mortimer M, Davis TP, Lin S, Chaffee AL, Ding F, Ke PC. Elevated amyloidoses of human IAPP and amyloid beta by lipopolysaccharide and their mitigation by carbon quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12317-12328. [PMID: 32490863 PMCID: PMC7325865 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent two most prevalent amyloid diseases with a significant global burden. Pathologically, T2D and AD are characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques consisting primarily of toxic human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and amyloid beta (Aβ). It has been recently revealed that the gut microbiome plays key functions in the pathological progression of neurological disorders through the production of bacterial endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we examined the catalytic effects of LPS on IAPP and Aβ amyloidoses, and further demonstrated their mitigation with zero-dimensional carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Whereas LPS displayed preferred binding with the N-terminus of IAPP and the central hydrophobic core and C-terminus of Aβ, CQDs exhibited propensities for the amyloidogenic and C-terminus regions of IAPP and the N-terminus of Aβ, accordingly. The inhibitory effect of CQDs was verified by an embryonic zebrafish model exposed to the peptides and LPS, where impaired embryonic hatching was rescued and production of reactive oxygen species in the organism was suppressed by the nanomaterial. This study revealed a robust synergy between LPS and amyloid peptides in toxicity induction, and implicated CQDs as a potential therapeutic against the pathologies of T2D and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Koppel
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Huayuan Tang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Parsa
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Alan L Chaffee
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
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29
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Song W, Jing Z, Meng L, Zhou R. Tungsten Oxide Nanodots Exhibit Mild Interactions with WW and SH3 Modular Protein Domains. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11005-11012. [PMID: 32455221 PMCID: PMC7241039 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide nanodot (WO3-x ) is an active photothermal nanomaterial that has recently been discovered as a promising candidate for tumor theranostics and treatments. However, its potential cytotoxicity remains elusive and needs to be evaluated to assess its biosafety risks. Herein, we investigate the interactions between WO3-x and two ubiquitous protein domains involved in protein-protein interactions, namely, WW and SH3 domains, using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that WO3-x interacts only weakly with the key residues at the putative proline-rich motif (PRM) ligand-binding site of both domains. More importantly, our free energy landscape calculations reveal that the binding strength between WO3-x and WW/SH3 is weaker than that of the native PRM ligand with WW/SH3, implying that WO3-x has a limited inhibitory effect over PRM on both the WW and SH3 domains. These findings suggest that the cytotoxic effects of WO3-x on the key modular protein domains could be very mild, which provides new insights for the future potential biomedical applications of this nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Institute of Quantitative
Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhifeng Jing
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Lijun Meng
- Institute of Quantitative
Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative
Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
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30
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mohammadinejad R, Kailasa SK, Ahmadi Z, Afshar EG, Pardakhty A. Carbon dots as versatile nanoarchitectures for the treatment of neurological disorders and their theranostic applications: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 278:102123. [PMID: 32087367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel methods plays a fundamental role in early diagnosis and controlling of neurological disorders (NDs). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most challenging barrier for the development of neuro drug delivery systems due to its inhibiting ability to enter drugs and agents into central nervous system (CNS). Carbon dots (CDs) have shown to be very promising and outstanding agents for various biomedical applications (bio imaging studies, treatment of NDs and brain tumors). They exhibit remarkable properties such as biocompatibility, small size (less than 10 nm, enabling penetration into BBB), tunable optical properties, photostability and simple synthetic procedures, allowing them to act as ideal candidates in various fields of science. Therefore, the objective of this review is to overview the recent studies on CDs for the development of neuro drug delivery systems to reach CNS via crossing of BBB. Primarily, this review briefly outlines the unique optical properties and toxicity of CDs. The development of novel neuro drug delivery systems for various neurological disorders using CDs as carriers is described. This review also covers the potential applications of CDs in brain tumors imaging and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the sensing applications and future prospects of CDs are summarized.
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31
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Peng Z, Zhao T, Zhou Y, Li S, Li J, Leblanc RM. Bone Tissue Engineering via Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901495. [PMID: 31976623 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has received significant attention due to its enormous potential in treating critical-sized bone defects and related diseases. Traditional materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers have been widely applied as BTE scaffolds; however, their clinical applications have been rather limited due to various considerations. Recently, carbon-based nanomaterials attract significant interests for their applications as BTE scaffolds due to their superior properties, including excellent mechanical strength, large surface area, tunable surface functionalities, high biocompatibility as well as abundant and inexpensive nature. In this article, recent studies and advancements on the use of carbon-based nanomaterials with different dimensions such as graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots, for BTE are reviewed. Current challenges of carbon-based nanomaterials for BTE and future trends in BTE scaffolds development are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Shanghao Li
- MP Biomedicals, 9 Goddard, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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32
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Zhou Y, Liyanage PY, Devadoss D, Rios Guevara LR, Cheng L, Graham RM, Chand HS, Al-Youbi AO, Bashammakh AS, El-Shahawi MS, Leblanc RM. Nontoxic amphiphilic carbon dots as promising drug nanocarriers across the blood-brain barrier and inhibitors of β-amyloid. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22387-22397. [PMID: 31730144 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a main obstacle for drug delivery targeting the central nervous system (CNS) and treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery without harming the BBB integrity, nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery has become a popular therapeutic strategy. Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the most promising and novel nanocarriers. In this study, amphiphilic yellow-emissive CDs (Y-CDs) were synthesized with an ultrasonication-mediated methodology using citric acid and o-phenylenediamine with a size of 3 nm that emit an excitation-independent yellow photoluminescence (PL). The content of primary amine and carboxyl groups on CDs was measured as 6.12 × 10-5 and 8.13 × 10-3 mmol mg-1, respectively, indicating the potential for small-molecule drug loading through bioconjugation. Confocal image analyses revealed that Y-CDs crossed the BBB of 5-day old wild-type zebrafish, most probably by passive diffusion due to the amphiphilicity of Y-CDs. And the amphiphilicity and BBB penetration ability didn't change when Y-CDs were coated with different hydrophilic molecules. Furthermore, Y-CDs were observed to enter cells to inhibit the overexpression of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-amyloid (Aβ) which is a major factor responsible for AD pathology. Therefore, data suggest that Y-CDs have a great potential as nontoxic nanocarriers for drug delivery towards the CNS as well as a promising inhibiting agent of Aβ-related pathology of the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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33
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Hettiarachchi SD, Zhou Y, Seven E, Lakshmana MK, Kaushik AK, Chand HS, Leblanc RM. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutics. J Control Release 2019; 314:125-140. [PMID: 31647979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder manifested by memory loss and cognitive impairment. Deposition of the amyloid β plaques has been identified as the most common AD pathology; however, the excessive accumulation of phosphorylated or total tau proteins, reactive oxygen species, and higher acetylcholinesterase activity are also strongly associated with Alzheimer's dementia. Several therapeutic approaches targeting these pathogenic mechanisms have failed in clinical or preclinical trials, partly due to the limited bioavailability, poor cell, and blood-brain barrier penetration, and low drug half-life of current regimens. The nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated drug delivery systems improve drug solubility and bioavailability, thus renders as superior alternatives. Moreover, NPs-mediated approaches facilitate multiple drug loading and targeted drug delivery, thereby increasing drug efficacy. However, certain NPs can cause acute toxicity damaging cellular and tissue architecture, therefore, NP material should be carefully selected. In this review, we summarize the recent NPs-mediated studies that exploit various pathologic mechanisms of AD by labeling, identifying, and treating the affected brain pathologies. The disadvantages of the select NP-based deliveries and the future aspects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini D Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Elif Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Madepalli K Lakshmana
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ajeet K Kaushik
- Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Arts & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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34
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Nekoueian K, Amiri M, Sillanpää M, Marken F, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Carbon-based quantum particles: an electroanalytical and biomedical perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4281-4316. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum particles, especially spherical carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and nanosheets like graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are an emerging class of quantum dots with unique properties owing to their quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Nekoueian
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
- Ardabil
- Iran
- Department of Green Chemistry
| | - Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
- Ardabil
- Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Green Chemistry
- School of Engineering Science
- Lappeenranta University of Technology
- Finland
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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35
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Progressive release of mesoporous nano-selenium delivery system for the multi-channel synergistic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomaterials 2018; 197:417-431. [PMID: 30638753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis. Controlled release, target ability, and multi-channel synergistic treatment are key factors associated with the success of AD drugs. Herein, we report a novel mesoporous nano-selenium (MSe) release delivery system (MSe-Res/Fc-β-CD/Bor) based on the borneol (Bor) target, β-cyclodextrin nanovalves (Fc-β-CD) with loaded resveratrol (Res). Previous experiments have shown that MSe-Res/Fc-β-CD/Bor first releases Bor by interacting with blood or intracellular esterases, allowing the nanosystem to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Subsequently, the Fc-β-CD is opened by the redox (H2O2) response to the release of Res at the lesion site. We demonstrated that MSe-Res/Fc-β-CD/Bor inhibited aggregation of β-amyloid proteins (Aβ), mitigated oxidative stress, and suppressed tau hyperphosphorylation, while protecting nerve cells and successfully improving memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Interestingly, compared with rivastigmine (Riv) positive drugs alone, the MSe/Fc-β-CD/Bor loaded with Riv had a better pharmacokinetic index. These results indicate that MSe-Res/Fc-β-CD/Bor could be a prospective drug for treating AD.
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36
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Nanodelivery systems for overcoming limited transportation of therapeutic molecules through the blood-brain barrier. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2659-2674. [PMID: 30499740 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the impermeable structure and barrier function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the delivery of therapeutic molecules into the CNS is extremely limited. Nanodelivery systems are regarded as the most effective and versatile carriers for the CNS, as they can transport cargo molecules across the BBB via various mechanisms. This review emphasizes the multi-functionalization strategies of nanodelivery systems and combinatorial approaches for the delivery of therapeutic drugs and genes into the CNS. The characteristics and functions of the BBB and underlying mechanisms of molecular translocation across the BBB are also described.
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37
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Ma M, Gao N, Sun Y, Du X, Ren J, Qu X. Redox-Activated Near-Infrared-Responsive Polyoxometalates Used for Photothermal Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800320. [PMID: 29920995 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adjustable structure, excellent physiochemical properties, and good biocompatibility render polyoxometalates (POMs) as a suitable drug agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous works using POMs against AD just focus on the inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) monomer aggregation. In consideration that both Aβ fibrils and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with clinical development of AD symptoms, it would be more effective if POMs can disaggregate Aβ fibrils and eliminate ROS as well. Herein, a redox-activated near-infrared (NIR) responsive POMs-based nanoplaform (rPOMs@MSNs@copolymer) is developed with high photothermal effect and antioxidant activity. The rPOMs@MSNs@copolymer can generate local hyperthermia to disaggregate Aβ fibrils under NIR laser irradiation because of POMs (rPOMs) with strong NIR absorption. Furthermore, Aβ-induced ROS can be scavenged by the antioxidant activity of rPOMs. To the authors' knowledge, there is no report of using rPOMs for NIR photothermal treatment of AD. This work may promote the development of multifunctional inorganic agents for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Nan Gao
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Yuhuan Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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38
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Yang Y, Ren X, Sun Z, Fu C, Liu T, Meng X, Wang Z. Toxicity and bio-distribution of carbon dots after single inhalation exposure in vivo. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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39
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Arad E, Bhunia SK, Jopp J, Kolusheva S, Rapaport H, Jelinek R. Lysine-Derived Carbon Dots for Chiral Inhibition of Prion Peptide Fibril Assembly. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Arad
- Department of Chemistry; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Susanta Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Jürgen Jopp
- Ilse Katz Institute (IKI) for Nanoscale Science and Technology; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute (IKI) for Nanoscale Science and Technology; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Hanna Rapaport
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute (IKI) for Nanoscale Science and Technology; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
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40
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Han X, He G. Toward a Rational Design to Regulate β-Amyloid Fibrillation for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:198-210. [PMID: 29251488 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed a growing global burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence indicates that the onset and progression of AD is associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide fibrillation. As such, there is a strong passion with discovering potent Aβ fibrillation inhibitors that can be developed into anti-amyloiddogenic agents for AD treatment. Current challenges that have arisen with this development involve with Aβ oligomer toxicity suppression and Blood Brain Barrier penetration capability. Considering most natural or biological events, one would observe that there is usually a "seed" to direct natural materials to assemble in response to a certain stimulation. Inspired by this, several materials or compounds, including nanoparticle, peptide or peptide mimics, and organic molecules, have been designed for the purpose of redirecting or impeding Aβ aggregation. Achieving these tasks requires comprehensive understanding on (1) initial Aβ assembly into insoluble deposits, (2) main concerns with fibrillation inhibition, and (3) current major methodologies to disrupt the aggregation. Herein, the objective of this review is to address these three areas, and enable the pathway for a promising therapeutic agent design for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Huston Labs, 1951 NW Seventh
Avenue, Suite 600, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Gefei He
- East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan N Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200062, China
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41
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Zhou Y, Peng Z, Seven ES, Leblanc RM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier with nanoparticles. J Control Release 2017; 270:290-303. [PMID: 29269142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most essential protection mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS). It selectively allows individual molecules such as small lipid-soluble molecules to pass through the capillary endothelial membrane while limiting the passage of pathogens or toxins. However, this protection mechanism is also a major obstacle during disease state since it dramatically hinders the drug delivery. In recent years, various tactics have been applied to assist drugs to cross the BBB including osmotic disruption of the BBB and chemical modification of prodrugs. Additionally, nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated drug delivery is emerging as an effective and non-invasive system to treat cerebral diseases. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the advances in the drug delivery across the BBB using various NPs in the last decade. The NPs will cover both traditional and novel nanocarriers. The traditional nanocarriers consist of poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid) NPs, liposomes and inorganic systems. In the meanwhile, novel nanocarriers such as carbon quantum dots with their recent applications in drug delivery will also be introduced. In terms of significance, this review clearly depicts the BBB structure and comprehensively describes various NPs-mediated drug delivery systems according to different NPs species. Also, the BBB penetration mechanisms are concluded in general, emphasized and investigated in each drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PR China
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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Han X, Tian C, Gandra I, Eslava V, Galindres D, Vargas E, Leblanc R. The Investigation on Resorcinarenes towards either Inhibiting or Promoting Insulin Fibrillation. Chemistry 2017; 23:17903-17907. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 United States
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 United States
| | - Ingrid Gandra
- Florida International University; 10555 West Flagler Street Miami FL 33174 United States
| | - Valeria Eslava
- Departamento de Quimica; Universidad de los Andes; Cr. 1, No. 18A 10 Bogota 111711 Colombia
| | - Diana Galindres
- Departamento de Quimica; Universidad de los Andes; Cr. 1, No. 18A 10 Bogota 111711 Colombia
| | - Edgar Vargas
- Departamento de Quimica; Universidad de los Andes; Cr. 1, No. 18A 10 Bogota 111711 Colombia
| | - Roger Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 United States
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