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Gyimesi M, Okolicsanyi RK, Haupt LM. Beyond amyloid and tau: rethinking Alzheimer's disease through less explored avenues. Open Biol 2024; 14:240035. [PMID: 38862019 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a significant challenge in ageing populations. Our current understanding indicates that the onset of toxic amyloid and tau protein pathologies initiates disease progression. However, existing treatments targeting these hallmark symptoms offer symptomatic relief without halting disease advancement. This review offers an alternative perspective on AD, centring on impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as a potential early aetiological factor. By delving into the intricate molecular events during the initial stages of AD (Braak Stages I-III), a novel hypothesis is presented, interweaving the roles of Notch signalling and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in compromised AHN. While acknowledging the significance of the amyloid and tau hypotheses, it calls for further exploration beyond these paradigms, suggesting the potential of altered HS sulfation patterns in AD initiation. Future directions propose more detailed investigations into early HS aggregation, aberrant sulfation patterns and examination of their temporal relationship with tau hyperphosphorylation. In challenging the conventional 'triggers' of AD and urging their reconsideration as symptoms, this review advocates an alternative approach to understanding this disease, offering new avenues of investigation into the intricacies of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gyimesi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - R K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - L M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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2
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Shaffer KJ, Smith RAA, Daines AM, Luo X, Lu X, Tan TC, Le BQ, Schwörer R, Hinkley SFR, Tyler PC, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Rational synthesis of a heparan sulfate saccharide that promotes the activity of BMP2. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121979. [PMID: 38494232 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found throughout nature and is involved in a wide range of functions including modulation of cell signalling via sequestration of growth factors. Current consensus is that the specificity of HS motifs for protein binding are individual for each protein. Given the structural complexity of HS the synthesis of libraries of these compounds to probe this is not trivial. Herein we present the synthesis of an HS decamer, the design of which was undertaken rationally from previously published data for HS binding to the growth factor BMP-2. The biological activity of this HS decamer was assessed in vitro, showing that it had the ability to both bind BMP-2 and increase its thermal stability as well as enhancing the bioactivity of BMP-2 in vitro in C2C12 cells. At the same time no undesired anticoagulant effect was observed. This decamer was then analysed in vivo in a rabbit model where higher bone formation, bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular thickness were observed over an empty defect or collagen implant alone. This indicated that the HS decamer was effective in promoting bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Shaffer
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Alison M Daines
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Tuan Chun Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Bach Q Le
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Ralf Schwörer
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Peter C Tyler
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138632, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Omo-Lamai S, Zamora ME, Patel MN, Wu J, Nong J, Wang Z, Peshkova A, Majumder A, Melamed JR, Chase LS, Essien EO, Weissman D, Muzykantov VR, Marcos-Contreras OA, Myerson JW, Brenner JS. Physicochemical Targeting of Lipid Nanoparticles to the Lungs Induces Clotting: Mechanisms and Solutions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312026. [PMID: 38394670 PMCID: PMC11209818 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become the dominant drug delivery technology in industry, holding the promise to deliver RNA to up or down-regulate any protein of interest. LNPs have mostly been targeted to specific cell types or organs by physicochemical targeting in which LNP's lipid compositions are adjusted to find mixtures with the desired tropism. Here lung-tropic LNPs are examined, whose organ tropism derives from containing either a cationic or ionizable lipid conferring a positive zeta potential. Surprisingly, these LNPs are found to induce massive thrombosis. Such thrombosis is shown in the lungs and other organs, and it is shown that it is greatly exacerbated by pre-existing inflammation. This clotting is induced by a variety of formulations with cationic lipids, including LNPs and non-LNP nanoparticles, and even by lung-tropic ionizable lipids that do not have a permanent cationic charge. The mechanism depends on the LNPs binding to and then changing the conformation of fibrinogen, which then activates platelets and thrombin. Based on these mechanisms, multiple solutions are engineered that enable positively charged LNPs to target the lungs while ameliorating thrombosis. The findings illustrate how physicochemical targeting approaches must be investigated early for risks and re-engineered with a careful understanding of biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Omo-Lamai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marco E Zamora
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Manthan N Patel
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jichuan Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jia Nong
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alina Peshkova
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aparajeeta Majumder
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jilian R Melamed
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Liam S Chase
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eno-Obong Essien
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Nellis ME, An A, Mahmood H, Prishtina F, Hena Z, Karam O. Epidemiology of anticoagulation for children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United States: A Pediatric Hospital Information System database study. Perfusion 2024; 39:536-542. [PMID: 36606508 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221151027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the risk of thrombosis, nearly all children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) receive systemic anticoagulation. While heparin has traditionally been used, there are reports of increased use of direct thrombin inhibitors. We sought to describe the use of anticoagulation in children supported by ECMO in the United States using a large administrative database. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of children supported by ECMO within the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Pediatric encounters involving ECMO from 2012 to 2020 were identified. Data regarding demographics, diagnoses, anticoagulation, complications, and outcomes were extracted for eligible encounters. RESULTS Eleven thousand five hundred ninety-five encounters that involved ECMO were identified. Fifty-four percent were male with an age range of 0-17 years and a median (IQR) age of 0 (0-2) years. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) only was used in 94% (95% CI: 93.6-94.5%) of encounters and UFH followed by bivalirudin in 5% (95% CI: 4.3-5.1%) of cases. There was a significant difference in the use of bivalirudin from 2012 to 2020 (p < 0.001). Differences in anticoagulation regimens were observed between infants and children (p = 0.004) and between those with and without cardiac indications for ECMO (p < 0.001). Four percent (95% CI: 4.1-4.8%) of encounters were associated with diagnostic coding for thrombosis and differences in occurrence of thrombosis were observed between different anticoagulant regimens (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Though the majority of children on ECMO in the United States receive heparin anticoagulation, there is an increase in use of direct thrombin inhibitors. Prospective studies must evaluate the efficacy of different anticoagulants in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Nellis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjile An
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hera Mahmood
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fisnik Prishtina
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital Administration, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Hena
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Karam
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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He P, Song Y, Jin W, Li Y, Xia K, Kim SB, Dwivedi R, Farrag M, Bates J, Pomin VH, Wang C, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F. Marine sulfated glycans inhibit the interaction of heparin with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB variant. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:163-174. [PMID: 38642280 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, leading to 6.8 million deaths. Numerous variants have emerged since its outbreak, resulting in its significantly enhanced ability to spread among humans. As with many other viruses, SARS‑CoV‑2 utilizes heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the surface of host cells to facilitate viral attachment and initiate cellular entry through the ACE2 receptor. Therefore, interfering with virion-HS interactions represents a promising target to develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. Sulfated glycans derived from marine organisms have been proven to be exceptional reservoirs of naturally existing HS mimetics, which exhibit remarkable therapeutic properties encompassing antiviral/microbial, antitumor, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, the interactions between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 (both WT and XBB.1.5 variants) and heparin were applied to assess the inhibitory activity of 10 marine-sourced glycans including three sulfated fucans, three fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and two fucoidans derived from sea cucumbers, sea urchin and seaweed Saccharina japonica, respectively. The inhibitory activity of these marine derived sulfated glycans on the interactions between RBD of S-protein and heparin was evaluated using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The RBDs of S-proteins from both Omicrion XBB.1.5 and wild-type (WT) were found to bind to heparin, which is a highly sulfated form of HS. All the tested marine-sourced sulfated glycans exhibited strong inhibition of WT and XBB.1.5 S-protein binding to heparin. We believe the study on the molecular interactions between S-proteins and host cell glycosaminoglycans provides valuable insight for the development of marine-sourced, glycan-based inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- School of Oceanography, Beibu Gulf University, 535011, Qinzhou, China
| | - Yuefan Song
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Weihua Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunran Li
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - John Bates
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
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Ong C, Li M, Xu D. Targeting the heparan sulfate-binding site of RAGE with monoclonal antibodies. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae001. [PMID: 38181393 PMCID: PMC10987294 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) plays its biological functions by interacting with hundreds of secreted extracellular and transmembrane proteins. Interaction with HS has been shown to be required for the normal function of many HS-binding proteins. Receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) is such a protein, whose activation requires HS-induced oligomerization. Using RAGE as an exemplary protein, we show here the workflow of a simple method of developing and characterizing mAbs that targets the HS-binding site. We found that HS-binding site of RAGE is quite immunogenic as 18 out of 94 anti-RAGE mAbs target various epitopes within the HS-binding site. Sequence analysis found that a common feature of anti-HS-binding site mAbs is the presence of abundant acidic residues (range between 6 to 11) in the complementarity determining region, suggesting electrostatic interaction plays an important role in promoting antigen-antibody interaction. Interestingly, mAbs targeting different epitopes within the HS-binding site blocks HS-RAGE interaction to different degrees, and the inhibitory effect is highly consistent among mAbs that target the same epitope. Functional assay revealed that anti-HS-binding site mAbs show different potency in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and the inhibitory potency does not have a simple correlation with the affinity and the epitope. Our study demonstrates that developing HS-binding site targeting mAbs should be applicable to most HS-binding proteins. By targeting this unique functional site, these mAbs might find therapeutic applications in treating various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyean Ong
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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Nagy GN, Zhao XF, Karlsson R, Wang K, Duman R, Harlos K, El Omari K, Wagner A, Clausen H, Miller RL, Giger RJ, Jones EY. Structure and function of Semaphorin-5A glycosaminoglycan interactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2723. [PMID: 38548715 PMCID: PMC10978931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Integration of extracellular signals by neurons is pivotal for brain development, plasticity, and repair. Axon guidance relies on receptor-ligand interactions crosstalking with extracellular matrix components. Semaphorin-5A (Sema5A) is a bifunctional guidance cue exerting attractive and inhibitory effects on neuronal growth through the interaction with heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), respectively. Sema5A harbors seven thrombospondin type-1 repeats (TSR1-7) important for GAG binding, however the underlying molecular basis and functions in vivo remain enigmatic. Here we dissect the structural basis for Sema5A:GAG specificity and demonstrate the functional significance of this interaction in vivo. Using x-ray crystallography, we reveal a dimeric fold variation for TSR4 that accommodates GAG interactions. TSR4 co-crystal structures identify binding residues validated by site-directed mutagenesis. In vitro and cell-based assays uncover specific GAG epitopes necessary for TSR association. We demonstrate that HS-GAG binding is preferred over CS-GAG and mediates Sema5A oligomerization. In vivo, Sema5A:GAG interactions are necessary for Sema5A function and regulate Plexin-A2 dependent dentate progenitor cell migration. Our study rationalizes Sema5A associated developmental and neurological disorders and provides mechanistic insights into how multifaceted guidance functions of a single transmembrane cue are regulated by proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely N Nagy
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Karen Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ramona Duman
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamel El Omari
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Armin Wagner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen-N, Denmark.
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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8
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Avalos-Padilla Y, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Nanotherapeutics against malaria: A decade of advancements in experimental models. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1943. [PMID: 38426407 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by different species of protists of the genus Plasmodium, remains among the most common causes of death due to parasitic diseases worldwide, mainly for children aged under 5. One of the main obstacles to malaria eradication is the speed with which the pathogen evolves resistance to the drug schemes developed against it. For this reason, it remains urgent to find innovative therapeutic strategies offering sufficient specificity against the parasite to minimize resistance evolution and drug side effects. In this context, nanotechnology-based approaches are now being explored for their use as antimalarial drug delivery platforms due to the wide range of advantages and tuneable properties that they offer. However, major challenges remain to be addressed to provide a cost-efficient and targeted therapeutic strategy contributing to malaria eradication. The present work contains a systematic review of nanotechnology-based antimalarial drug delivery systems generated during the last 10 years. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuen Avalos-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Sidgwick GP, Weston R, Mahmoud AM, Schiro A, Serracino-Inglott F, Tandel SM, Skeoch S, Bruce IN, Jones AM, Alexander MY, Wilkinson FL. Novel Glycomimetics Protect against Glycated Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Vascular Calcification In Vitro via Attenuation of the RAGE/ERK/CREB Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:312. [PMID: 38391925 PMCID: PMC10887290 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulphate (HS) can act as a co-receptor on the cell surface and alterations in this process underpin many pathological conditions. We have previously described the usefulness of mimics of HS (glycomimetics) in protection against β-glycerophosphate-induced vascular calcification and in the restoration of the functional capacity of diabetic endothelial colony-forming cells in vitro. This study aims to investigate whether our novel glycomimetic compounds can attenuate glycated low-density lipoprotein (g-LDL)-induced calcification by inhibiting RAGE signalling within the context of critical limb ischemia (CLI). We used an established osteogenic in vitro vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) model. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin and glycation levels were all significantly increased in CLI serum compared to healthy controls, while the vascular calcification marker osteocalcin (OCN) was down-regulated in CLI patients vs. controls. Incubation with both CLI serum and g-LDL (10 µg/mL) significantly increased VSMC calcification vs. controls after 21 days, with CLI serum-induced calcification apparent after only 10 days. Glycomimetics (C2 and C3) significantly inhibited g-LDL and CLI serum-induced mineralisation, as shown by a reduction in alizarin red (AR) staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Furthermore, secretion of the osteogenic marker OCN was significantly reduced in VSMCs incubated with CLI serum in the presence of glycomimetics. Phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was significantly increased in g-LDL-treated cells vs. untreated controls, which was attenuated with glycomimetics. Blocking CREB activation with a pharmacological inhibitor 666-15 replicated the protective effects of glycomimetics, evidenced by elevated AR staining. In silico molecular docking simulations revealed the binding affinity of the glycomimetics C2 and C3 with the V domain of RAGE. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that novel glycomimetics, C2 and C3 have potent anti-calcification properties in vitro, inhibiting both g-LDL and CLI serum-induced VSMC mineralisation via the inhibition of LDLR, RAGE, CREB and subsequent expression of the downstream osteogenic markers, ALP and OCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P. Sidgwick
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Ria Weston
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Andrew Schiro
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Vascular Unit, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Ferdinand Serracino-Inglott
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Vascular Unit, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Shikha M. Tandel
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Sarah Skeoch
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.S.); (I.N.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath BA1 1RL, UK
| | - Ian N. Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.S.); (I.N.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M. Yvonne Alexander
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Fiona L. Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK (R.W.); (A.M.M.); (F.S.-I.); (S.M.T.); (A.M.J.); (M.Y.A.)
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10
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Herczeg M, Demeter F, Nagy T, Rusznyák Á, Hodek J, Sipos É, Lekli I, Fenyvesi F, Weber J, Kéki S, Borbás A. Block Synthesis and Step-Growth Polymerization of C-6-Sulfonatomethyl-Containing Sulfated Malto-Oligosaccharides and Their Biological Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:677. [PMID: 38203849 PMCID: PMC10779578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly sulfated malto-oligomers, similar to heparin and heparan-sulfate, have good antiviral, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory and cell growth inhibitory effects. Due to their broad biological activities and simple structure, sulfated malto-oligomer derivatives have a great therapeutic potential, therefore, the development of efficient synthesis methods for their production is of utmost importance. In this work, preparation of α-(1→4)-linked oligoglucosides containing a sulfonatomethyl moiety at position C-6 of each glucose unit was studied by different approaches. Malto-oligomeric sulfonic acid derivatives up to dodecasaccharides were prepared by polymerization using different protecting groups, and the composition of the product mixtures was analyzed by MALDI-MS methods and size-exclusion chromatography. Synthesis of lower oligomers was also accomplished by stepwise and block synthetic methods, and then the oligosaccharide products were persulfated. The antiviral, anti-inflammatory and cell growth inhibitory activity of the fully sulfated malto-oligosaccharide sulfonic acids were determined by in vitro tests. Four tested di- and trisaccharide sulfonic acids effectively inhibited the activation of the TNF-α-mediated inflammatory pathway without showing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Ágnes Rusznyák
- Department of Molecular and Nanopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (F.F.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Éva Sipos
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.L.)
| | - István Lekli
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Molecular and Nanopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Kurimoto D, Sato A. Enhanced intracellular uptake of an albumin fusion protein in cancer cells by its forced cell surface recruitment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106591. [PMID: 37742986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Albumin fusion or conjugation is a well-established technique for tumor delivery and is mainly mediated by albumin-induced caveolae-dependent endocytosis. We report that caveolae-dependent endocytic signaling activated by human serum albumin (HSA) is not sufficiently strong to induce cellular uptake, mainly due to its electrostatic repulsion from the negatively charged cell surface sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and fusion of the cell-surface-retained protein with HSA is an effective strategy to activate the HSA-induced endocytic signal, thereby improving its intracellular uptake. In this study, human lactoferrin (hLF), a protein that accumulates on the cell surface along with GAGs, was selected for delivery into human lung adenocarcinoma PC-14 cells. When added exogenously, hLF-fused HSA (hLF-HSA) was successfully endocytosed, whereas the simultaneous addition of HSA and hLF did not result in endocytosis, indicating less efficient activation of endocytic signaling by HSA alone and the importance of its fusion. Importantly, the treatment of cells with chlorate, a known inhibitor of GAG sulfation, dramatically suppressed the endocytosis of hLF-HSA owing to the loss of the hLF-GAG interaction. Therefore, the cell-surface localization of HSA imposed by fusion with the cell-surface-retained protein enhances its binding to the relevant receptor, which improves intracellular delivery as an albumin-fusion platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kurimoto
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
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12
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Mukherjee P, Zhou X, Benicky J, Panigrahi A, Aljuhani R, Liu J, Ailles L, Pomin VH, Wang Z, Goldman R. Heparan-6- O-Endosulfatase 2 Promotes Invasiveness of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines in Co-Cultures with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5168. [PMID: 37958342 PMCID: PMC10650326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Local invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex phenomenon supported by interaction of the cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We and others have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a component of the TME that can promote local invasion in HNSCC and other cancers. Here we report that the secretory enzyme heparan-6-O-endosulfatase 2 (Sulf-2) directly affects the CAF-supported invasion of the HNSCC cell lines SCC35 and Cal33 into Matrigel. The Sulf-2 knockout (KO) cells differ from their wild type counterparts in their spheroid growth and formation, and the Sulf-2-KO leads to decreased invasion in a spheroid co-culture model with the CAF. Next, we investigated whether a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria floridana (HfFucCS) affects the activity of the Sulf-2 enzyme. Our results show that HfFucCS not only efficiently inhibits the Sulf-2 enzymatic activity but, like the Sulf-2 knockout, inhibits Matrigel invasion of SCC35 and Cal33 cells co-cultured with primary HNSCC CAF. These findings suggest that the heparan-6-O-endosulfatases regulate local invasion and could be therapeutically targeted with the inhibitory activity of a marine glycosaminoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Biotechnology Program, Northern Virginia Community College, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Julius Benicky
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Aswini Panigrahi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Reem Aljuhani
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada;
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Glycan Therapeutics, LLC, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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13
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Bhoge PR, Raigawali R, Mardhekar S, Anand S, Kikkeri R. Synergestic interplay of uronic acid and sulfation composition of heparan sulfate on molecular recognition to activity. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108919. [PMID: 37557021 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitous polysaccharide on the surface of all mammalian cells and extracellular matrices. The incredible structural complexity of HS arises from its sulfation patterns and disaccharide compositions, which orchestrate a wide range of biological activities. Researchers have developed elegant synthetic methods to obtain well-defined HS oligosaccharides to understand the structure-activity relationship. These studies revealed that specific sulfation codes and uronic acid variants could synergistically modulate HS-protein interactions (HSPI). Additionally, the conformational flexibility of l-Iduronic acid, a uronic acid unit has emerged as a critical factor in fine-tuning the microenvironment to modulate HSPI. This review delineates how uronic acid composition in HS modulates protein binding affinity, selectivity, and biological activity. Finally, the significance of sulfated homo-oligo uronic acid as heparin mimics in drug development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ravindra Bhoge
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Rakesh Raigawali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India.
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14
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Bastos FR, Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Alves NM, Pashkuleva I, Costa RR. Layer-by-layer coated calcium carbonate nanoparticles for targeting breast cancer cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213563. [PMID: 37487456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is resistant to conventional treatments due to the specific tumour microenvironment, the associated acidic pH and the overexpression of receptors that enhance cells tumorigenicity. Herein, we optimized the synthesis of acidic resorbable calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles and the encapsulation of a low molecular weight model molecule (Rhodamine). The addition of ethylene glycol during the synthetic process resulted in a particle size decrease: we obtained homogeneous CaCO3 particles with an average size of 564 nm. Their negative charge enabled the assembly of layer-by-layer (LbL) coatings with surface-exposed hyaluronic acid (HA), a ligand of tumour-associated receptor CD44. The coating decreased Rhodamine release by two-fold compared to uncoated nanoparticles. We demonstrated the effect of nanoparticles on two breast cancer cell lines with different aggressiveness - SK-BR-3 and the more aggressive MDA-MB-231 - and compared them with the normal breast cell line MCF10A. CaCO3 nanoparticles (coated and uncoated) significantly decreased the metabolic activity of the breast cancer cells. The interactions between LbL-coated nanoparticles and cells depended on HA expression on the cell surface: more particles were observed on the surface of MDA-MB-231 cells, which had the thickest endogenous HA coating. We concluded that CaCO3 nanoparticles are potential candidates to carry low molecular weight chemotherapeutics and deliver them to aggressive breast cancer sites with an HA-abundant pericellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa R Bastos
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Natália M Alves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui R Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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15
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Katner S, Ginsburg EP, Hampton JD, Peterson EJ, Koblinski JE, Farrell NP. A Comparison of Di- and Trinuclear Platinum Complexes Interacting with Glycosaminoglycans for Targeted Chemotherapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1224-1230. [PMID: 37736178 PMCID: PMC10510529 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and their associated proteins aid in tumor progression through modulation of biological events such as cell invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunological responses. Metalloshielding of the anionic heparan sulfate (HS) chains by cationic polynuclear platinum complexes (PPCs) prevents the HS from interacting with HS-associated proteins and thus diminishes the critical functions of HSPG. Studies herein exploring the PPC-HS interactions demonstrated that a series of PPCs varying in charge, nuclearity, distance between Pt centers, and hydrogen-bonding ability influence HS affinity. We report that the polyamine-linked complexes have high HS affinity and display excellent in vivo activity against breast cancer metastases and those arising in the bone and liver compared to carboplatin. Overall, the PPC-HS niche offers an attractive approach for targeting HSPG-expressing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
J. Katner
- Department
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Geology, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Mankato, Minnesota 56001, United States
| | - Eric P. Ginsburg
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - James D. Hampton
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Erica J. Peterson
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Koblinski
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Farrell
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Massey
Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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16
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Wakpal J, Pathiranage V, Walker AR, Nguyen HM. Rational Design and Expedient Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Mimetics from Natural Aminoglycosides for Structure and Activity Relationship Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304325. [PMID: 37285191 PMCID: PMC10527013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) contains variably repeating disaccharide units organized into high- and low-sulfated domains. This rich structural diversity enables HS to interact with many proteins and regulate key signaling pathways. Efforts to understand structure-function relationships and harness the therapeutic potential of HS are hindered by the inability to synthesize an extensive library of well-defined HS structures. We herein report a rational and expedient approach to access a library of 27 oligosaccharides from natural aminoglycosides as HS mimetics in 7-12 steps. This strategy significantly reduces the number of steps as compared to the traditional synthesis of HS oligosaccharides from monosaccharide building blocks. Combined with computational insight, we identify a new class of four trisaccharide compounds derived from the aminoglycoside tobramycin that mimic natural HS and have a strong binding to heparanase but a low affinity for off-target platelet factor-4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wakpal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Alice R Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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17
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Omo-Lamai S, Zamora ME, Patel MN, Wu J, Nong J, Wang Z, Peshkova A, Chase LS, Essien EO, Muzykantov V, Marcos-Contreras O, Myerson JW, Brenner JS. Physicochemical Targeting of Lipid Nanoparticles to the Lungs Induces Clotting: Mechanisms and Solutions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.550080. [PMID: 37546837 PMCID: PMC10401951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.550080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become the dominant drug delivery technology in industry, holding the promise to deliver RNA to up- or down-regulate any protein of interest. LNPs have been targeted to specific cell types or organs by physicochemical targeting, in which LNP's lipid compositions are adjusted to find mixtures with the desired tropism. In a popular approach, physicochemical targeting is accomplished by formulating with charged lipids. Negatively charged lipids localize LNPs to the spleen, and positively charged lipids to the lungs. Here we found that lung-tropic LNPs employing cationic lipids induce massive thrombosis. We demonstrate that thrombosis is induced in the lungs and other organs, and greatly exacerbated by pre-existing inflammation. This clotting is induced by a variety of formulations with cationic lipids, including LNPs and non-LNP nanoparticles. The mechanism depends on the LNPs binding to fibrinogen and inducing platelet and thrombin activation. Based on these mechanisms, we engineered multiple solutions which enable positively charged LNPs to target the lungs while not inducing thrombosis. Our findings implicate thrombosis as a major barrier that blood erects against LNPs with cationic components and illustrate how physicochemical targeting approaches must be investigated early for risks and re-engineered with a careful understanding of biological mechanisms.
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18
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van Ede ES, Hoeks MPA, Hofland J, Linssen VD, van Kuppevelt TH, Versteeg EM, Hafmans TG, Diepstra A, Kusters B, Vermorgen SMM. Heparin-resistance in AL amyloidosis: a case report. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37344791 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-AT-III mediated heparin-resistance during CPB occurs by complex-forming with heparin-binding proteins. Currently, there are no specific recommendations for non-AT-III mediated heparin-resistance. CASE PRESENTATION We present a fatal case of a 70-yr-old male-patient undergoing cardiac-surgery in which refractory heparin-resistance was observed. The massive AL amyloidosis found at autopsy is thought to be responsible and illustrates that awareness and knowledge of the etiology and perioperative strategies of non-AT-III mediated heparin-resistance is important. CONCLUSION For anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in case of a non-AT-III medicated heparin resistance, we refer to the decision tree added to this manuscript and if necessary to consider direct thrombin inhibitors, such as bivalirudin or argatroban, as it bypasses the complexing pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth S van Ede
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Hofland
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera D Linssen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Elly M Versteeg
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G Hafmans
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Hematopathology, the University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Benno Kusters
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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19
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Basu A, Champagne RN, Patel NG, Nicholson ED, Weiss RJ. TFCP2 is a transcriptional regulator of heparan sulfate assembly and melanoma cell growth. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104713. [PMID: 37061003 PMCID: PMC10200990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a long, linear polysaccharide that is ubiquitously expressed in all animal cells and plays a key role in many cellular processes, including cell signaling and development. Dysregulation of HS assembly has been implicated in pathophysiological conditions, such as tumorigenesis and rare genetic disorders. HS biosynthesis occurs in a non-template-driven manner in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi through the activity of a large group of biosynthetic enzymes. While much is known about its biosynthesis, little is understood about the regulation of HS assembly across diverse tissue types and disease states. To address this gap in knowledge, we recently performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify novel regulatory factors of HS biosynthesis. From these screens, we identified the alpha globin transcription factor, TFCP2, as a top hit. To investigate the role of TFCP2 in HS assembly, we targeted TFCP2 expression in human melanoma cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. TFCP2 knockout cells exhibited decreased fibroblast growth factor binding to cell surface HS, alterations in HS composition, and slowed cell growth compared to wild-type cells. Additionally, RNA sequencing revealed that TFCP2 regulates the expression of multiple enzymes involved in HS assembly, including the secreted endosulfatase, SULF1. Pharmacological targeting of TFCP2 activity similarly reduced growth factor binding and increased SULF1 expression, and the knockdown of SULF1 expression in TFCP2 mutant cells restored melanoma cell growth. Overall, these studies identify TFCP2 as a novel transcriptional regulator of HS and highlight HS-protein interactions as a possible target to slow melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachel N Champagne
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Neil G Patel
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elijah D Nicholson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan J Weiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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20
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Li M, Pedersen LC, Xu D. Targeting heparan sulfate-protein interactions with oligosaccharides and monoclonal antibodies. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1194293. [PMID: 37275960 PMCID: PMC10235622 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1194293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate-binding proteins (HSBPs) are structurally diverse extracellular and membrane attached proteins that interact with HS under normal physiological conditions. Interactions with HS offer an additional level of control over the localization and function of HSBPs, which enables them to behave in a more refined manner. Because all cell signaling events start at the cell membrane, and cell-cell communication relies on translocation of soluble factors across the extracellular matrix, HS occupies an apical position in cellular signal transduction by interacting with hundreds of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, receptors and adhesion molecules. These extracellular and membrane proteins can play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions. For most HS-binding proteins, the interaction with HS represents an essential element in regulating their normal physiological functions. Such dependence on HS suggests that manipulating HS-protein interactions could be explored as a therapeutic strategy to selectively antagonize/activate HS-binding proteins. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of the diverse nature of HS-HSBP interactions, and the latest advancements in targeting the HS-binding site of HSBPs using structurally-defined HS oligosaccharides and monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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21
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Ceja-Gálvez HR, Renteria-Flores FI, Nicoletti F, Hernández-Bello J, Macedo-Ojeda G, Muñoz-Valle JF. Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082893. [PMID: 37109231 PMCID: PMC10142549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
By January of 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a reported total of 6,700,883 deaths and 662,631,114 cases worldwide. To date, there have been no effective therapies or standardized treatment schemes for this disease; therefore, the search for effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is a primary goal that must be addressed. This review aims to provide an analysis of the most efficient and promising therapies and drugs for the prevention and treatment of severe COVID-19, comparing their degree of success, scope, and limitations, with the aim of providing support to health professionals in choosing the best pharmacological approach. An investigation of the most promising and effective treatments against COVID-19 that are currently available was carried out by employing search terms including "Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19" or "Viral polymerase inhibitors" and "COVID-19" in the Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases. From the current perspective and with the information available from the various clinical trials assessing the efficacy of different therapeutic options, we conclude that it is necessary to standardize certain variables-such as the viral clearance time, biomarkers associated with severity, hospital stay, requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate-in order to facilitate verification of the efficacy of such treatments and to better assess the repeatability of the most effective and promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazael Ramiro Ceja-Gálvez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Israel Renteria-Flores
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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22
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Kalhor H, Abolhasani H, Kalhor R, Komeili Movahhed T, Rahimi H. Interactions of heparin derivatives with recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor: Structural stability and bioactivity effect study. Proteins 2023; 91:542-554. [PMID: 36424813 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate are important glycosaminoglycans that can regulate the activities of many vital proteins, especially the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Because FGF7 (KGF) has an important role in tissue repair and maintaining the integrity of the mucosal barrier, recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rhKGF, palifermin) has been approved for the treatment of wound healing and oral cavity. Due to heparin plays an important role in the KGF signaling pathway, a more detailed study of the drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between rhKGF and heparin at the atomic level and investigating their synergistic effect on each other in terms of biology, especially in silico, is necessary for a better understanding of DDIs. In this study, DDIs between rhKGF and low-molecular weight heparin types (LMWH) were investigated. In this regard, scrutiny of the influence of the synergistic heparin types on the structure and biostability of rhKGF is accomplished using computational methods such as molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations (MDs). Subsequently, the motion behavior of rhKGF in interaction with LMWHs was evaluated based on eigenvectors by using principal component analysis (PCA). Also, the binding free energies of rhKGF-LMWH complexes were calculated by the molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-BPSA) method. The result showed that rhKGF-idraparinux (-6.9 kcal/mol) and rhKGF-heparin (-6.0 kcal/mol) complexes had significant binding affinity as well as they had a more stable binding to rhKGF than to other LMWH during 100 ns simulation. However, in order to confirm the curative effect of these drugs, clinical trials must be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Kalhor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hoda Abolhasani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Kalhor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Colleague of Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | | | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Host-pathogen Interaction Department, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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23
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Domae E, Kamada A, Yoshikawa Y, Ikeo T. Heparin interacts with candidalysin and neutralizes its cytotoxicity to oral epithelial cells. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:206-210. [PMID: 36963631 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Candidalysin is a peptide toxin produced by Candida albicans that causes damage to epithelial cells by destabilizing the plasma membrane. This study aimed to evaluate heparin's ability to neutralize candidalysin and protect epithelial cells from lysis. METHODS The study was conducted using a human oral epithelial cell line and synthetic candidalysin. Cell damage was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were used to determine cytokine concentrations and assess activation of intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell-bound candidalysin. RESULTS Heparin diminished the cell-lytic activity of candidalysin and subsequent epithelial responses. Additionally, heparin inhibited the interaction between candidalysin and epithelial cells. Furthermore, polyacrylic acid, a synthetic polymer, mimicked the neutralizing effects of candidalysin. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that negatively charged polymers could be a potential therapeutic option for preventing the damage caused by candidalysin. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of other anionic polymers and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Domae
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan.
| | - Aiko Kamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan
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24
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Ye B, Cai Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Chen J. Supramolecular self-assembly of glycosaminoglycan mimetic nanostructures for cell proliferation and 3D cell culture application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123179. [PMID: 36621740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as heparin, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, are playing important roles in various biological processes. Due to the laborious work of organic or enzymatic total synthesis of GAGs, different approaches, including glycopolymers, dendrimers, etc., have been developed to mimic the structures and bioactivities of GAGs, but the syntheses can still be difficult. In the current study, a new format of GAG mimetic structure, supramolecularly assembled polymers, have been easily prepared by mixing fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) and sulfated glyco-modified fluorenylmethoxy derivatives (FGS and FG3S). The self-assembly behavior of these polymers into different structural formats of nanoparticles, nanofibers and macroscopic hydrogels upon adjusted concentrations and composite ratios have been detailed studied. The nanofibers modified with highly sulfated glycol groups (FG3S/Fmoc-FF) showed strong promotion effect for cell proliferation, which efficiency was even similar to that of natural heparin, higher than nanoparticles or non-/low-sulfated glyco-modified nanofibers. Moreover, the supramolecular polymers were further made into hydrogels that capable of 3D cell culture. This study provided a novel and efficient approach for GAG mimicking, showing great potential for tissue engineering related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan Universtiy, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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25
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Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:328-379. [PMID: 36792365 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence, which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been elucidated that heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and this may also contribute to heparin's antithrombotic activity. This illustrates that heparin interacts with a broad range of biomolecules, exerting both anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant actions. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these nonanticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with SARS2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This state-of-the-art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immunothrombosis observations, and as nonanticoagulant including a role in the treatment of SARS-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebeca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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26
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Hogwood J, Gray E, Mulloy B. Heparin, Heparan Sulphate and Sepsis: Potential New Options for Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:271. [PMID: 37259415 PMCID: PMC9959362 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening hyperreaction to infection in which excessive inflammatory and immune responses cause damage to host tissues and organs. The glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate (HS) is a major component of the cell surface glycocalyx. Cell surface HS modulates several of the mechanisms involved in sepsis such as pathogen interactions with the host cell and neutrophil recruitment and is a target for the pro-inflammatory enzyme heparanase. Heparin, a close structural relative of HS, is used in medicine as a powerful anticoagulant and antithrombotic. Many studies have shown that heparin can influence the course of sepsis-related processes as a result of its structural similarity to HS, including its strong negative charge. The anticoagulant activity of heparin, however, limits its potential in treatment of inflammatory conditions by introducing the risk of bleeding and other adverse side-effects. As the anticoagulant potency of heparin is largely determined by a single well-defined structural feature, it has been possible to develop heparin derivatives and mimetic compounds with reduced anticoagulant activity. Such heparin mimetics may have potential for use as therapeutic agents in the context of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK
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27
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Basu A, Weiss RJ. Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: Purification, Structural Profiling, and GAG-Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2597:159-176. [PMID: 36374421 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2835-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. These complex carbohydrates are composed of alternating glucosamine and uronic acids that can be heterogeneously N- and O-sulfated. The arrangement and orientation of the sulfated sugar residues specify the location of distinct ligand binding sites on the cell surface, and their capacity to bind ligands impacts cell growth and development, the ability to form tissues and organs, and normal physiology. The heterogeneous nature of GAGs and their inherent structural diversity across different tissues, cell types, and disease states creates challenges to characterizing their structure and function. Here, we describe detailed methods to investigate GAG-protein interactions in vitro and evaluate the structural composition of two classes of sulfated GAGs, heparan sulfate and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and radiolabeling techniques. Overall, these methods facilitate the evaluation of GAG structure and function to uncover the unique roles these molecules play in cell biology and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ryan J Weiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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28
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Aiyede M, Lim XY, Russell AAM, Patel RP, Gueven N, Howells DW, Bye N. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparins in Animal Studies of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:4-21. [PMID: 35880422 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of effective pharmacotherapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major challenge. Treatment with heparin and its derivatives is associated with neuroprotective effects after experimental TBI; however, the optimal dosage and method of administration, modes of action, and effects on hemorrhage remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically evaluate, analyze, and summarize the available literature on the use of heparin and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) as treatment options for experimental TBI. We searched two online databases (PubMed and ISI Web of Science) to identify relevant studies. Data pertaining to TBI paradigm, animal subjects, drug administration, and all pathological and behavior outcomes were extracted. Eleven studies met our pre-specified inclusion criteria, and for outcomes with sufficient numbers, data from seven publications were analyzed in a weighted mean difference meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Study quality and risk of bias were also determined. Meta-analysis revealed that heparin and its derivatives decreased brain edema, leukocyte rolling, and vascular permeability, and improved neurological function. Further, treatment did not aggravate hemorrhage. These findings must be interpreted with caution, however, because they were determined from a limited number of studies with substantial heterogeneity. Also, overall study quality was low based on absences of data reporting, and potential publication bias was identified. Importantly, we found that there are insufficient data to evaluate the variables we had hoped to investigate. The beneficial effects of heparin and LMWHs, however, suggest that further pre-clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimieveshiofuo Aiyede
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Xin Yi Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ash A M Russell
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David W Howells
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nicole Bye
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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29
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:312-371. [PMID: 35603834 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. Phase-I - Hypoxia correlates with reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients. Phase-III - Thromboembolism is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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30
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Hamelmann N, Paats JWD, Avalos-Padilla Y, Lantero E, Spanos L, Siden-Kiamos I, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Paulusse JMJ. Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles Targeting the Ookinete Stage of Malaria Parasites. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 9:56-64. [PMID: 36516858 PMCID: PMC9841520 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by mosquitos, whose control is hampered by drug resistance evolution in the causing agent, protist parasites of the genus Plasmodium, as well as by the resistance of the mosquito to insecticides. New approaches to fight this disease are, therefore, needed. Research into targeted drug delivery is expanding as this strategy increases treatment efficacies. Alternatively, targeting the parasite in humans, here we use single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) to target the parasite at the ookinete stage, which is one of the stages in the mosquito. This nanocarrier system provides uniquely sized and monodispersed particles of 5-20 nm, via thiol-Michael addition. The conjugation of succinic anhydride to the SCNP surface provides negative surface charges that have been shown to increase the targeting ability of SCNPs to Plasmodium berghei ookinetes. The biodistribution of SCNPs in mosquitos was studied, showing the presence of SCNPs in mosquito midguts. The presented results demonstrate the potential of anionic SCNPs for the targeting of malaria parasites in mosquitos and may lead to progress in the fight against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi
M. Hamelmann
- Department
of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and
TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500
AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem D. Paats
- Department
of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and
TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500
AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yunuen Avalos-Padilla
- The
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 10−12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain,Barcelona
Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat
de Barcelona), Rosselló
149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Lantero
- The
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 10−12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain,Barcelona
Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat
de Barcelona), Rosselló
149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lefteris Spanos
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, N. Plastira 100, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Inga Siden-Kiamos
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, N. Plastira 100, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece,
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- The
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 10−12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain,Barcelona
Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat
de Barcelona), Rosselló
149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain,Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona), Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department
of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and
TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500
AE Enschede, The Netherlands,
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31
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Herczeg M, Demeter F, Lisztes E, Racskó M, Tóth BI, Timári I, Bereczky Z, Kövér KE, Borbás A. Synthesis of a Heparinoid Pentasaccharide Containing l-Guluronic Acid Instead of l-Iduronic Acid with Preserved Anticoagulant Activity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15830-15836. [PMID: 36411253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
l-Iduronic acid is a key constituent of heparin and heparan sulfate polysaccharides due to its unique conformational plasticity, which facilitates the binding of polysaccharides to proteins. At the same time, this is the synthetically most challenging unit of heparinoid oligosaccharides; therefore, there is a high demand for its replacement with a more easily accessible sugar unit. In the case of idraparinux, an excellent anticoagulant heparinoid pentasaccharide, we demonstrated that l-iduronic acid can be replaced by an easier-to-produce l-sugar while maintaining its essential biological activity. From the inexpensive d-mannose, through a highly functionalized phenylthio mannoside, the l-gulose donor was prepared by C-5 epimerization in 10 steps with excellent yield. This unit was incorporated into the pentasaccharide by α-selective glycosylation and oxidized to l-guluronic acid. The complete synthesis required only 36 steps, with 21 steps for the longest linear route. The guluronate containing pentasaccharide inhibited coagulation factor Xa by 50% relative to the parent compound, representing an excellent anticoagulant activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first biologically active heparinoid anticoagulant which contains a different sugar unit instead of l-iduronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELKH Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Erika Lisztes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Márk Racskó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - István Timári
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bereczky
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Katalin E Kövér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
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32
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Chen Y, Phoon PHY, Hwang NC. Heparin Resistance During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Adult Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:4150-4160. [PMID: 35927191 PMCID: PMC9225936 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of heparin for anticoagulation has changed the face of cardiac surgery by allowing a bloodless and motionless surgical field throughout the introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, heparin is a drug with complex pharmacologic properties that can cause significant interpatient differences in terms of responsiveness. Heparin resistance during CPB is a weighty issue due to the catastrophic consequences stemming from inadequate anticoagulation, and the treatment of it necessitates a rationalized stepwise approach due to the multifactorial contributions toward this entity. The widespread use of activated clotting time (ACT) as a measurement of anticoagulation during CPB is examined, as it may be a false indicator of heparin resistance. Heparin resistance also has been repeatedly reported in patients infected with COVID-19, which deserves further exploration in this pandemic era. This review aims to examine the variability in heparin potency, underlying mechanisms, and limitations of using ACT for monitoring, as well as provide a framework towards the current management of heparin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, National Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Priscilla Hui Yi Phoon
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, National Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Nian Chih Hwang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, National Heart Centre, Singapore.
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33
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Hill SE, Esquivel AR, Ospina SR, Rahal LM, Dickey CA, Blair LJ. Chaperoning activity of the cyclophilin family prevents tau aggregation. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4448. [PMID: 36305768 PMCID: PMC9597375 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, are characterized by the misfolding and progressive accumulation of the microtubule associated protein tau. Chaperones, tasked with maintaining protein homeostasis, can become imbalanced with age and contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Cyclophilins are a promising pool of underinvestigated chaperones with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity that may play protective roles in regulating tau aggregation. Using a Thioflavin T fluorescence-based assay to monitor in vitro tau aggregation, all eight cyclophilins, which include PPIA to PPIH prevent tau aggregation, with PPIB, PPIC, PPID, and PPIH showing the greatest inhibition. The low thermal stability of PPID and the strong heparin binding of PPIB undermines the simplistic interpretation of reduced tau aggregation. In a cellular model of tau accumulation, all cyclophilins, except PPID and PPIH, reduce insoluble tau. PPIB, PPIC, PPIE, and PPIF also reduce soluble tau levels with PPIC exclusively protecting cells from tau seeding. Overall, this study demonstrates cyclophilins prevent tau fibril formation and many reduce cellular insoluble tau accumulation with PPIC having the greatest potential as a molecular tool to mitigate tau seeding and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Hill
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Abigail R. Esquivel
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Santiago Rodriguez Ospina
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Lauren M. Rahal
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Laura J. Blair
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Research ServiceJames A. Haley Veterans HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
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Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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A mutated glycosaminoglycan-binding domain functions as a novel probe to selectively target heparin-like epitopes on tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102609. [PMID: 36265583 PMCID: PMC9672413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity and mutation rate of cancer cells often lead to the failure of targeted therapy, and therefore, new targets for multitarget therapy of tumors are urgently needed. Aberrantly expressed glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and are promising new targets. Recently, the GAG-binding domain rVAR2 of the Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA protein was identified as a probe targeting cancer-associated chondroitin sulfate A-like epitopes. In this study, we found that rVAR2 could also bind to heparin (Hep) and chondroitin sulfate E. Therefore, we used rVAR2 as a model to establish a method based on random mutagenesis of the GAG-binding protein and phage display to identify and optimize probes targeting tumor GAGs. We identified a new probe, VAR2HP, which selectively recognized Hep by interacting with unique epitopes consisting of a decasaccharide structure that contains at least three HexA2S(1-4)GlcNS6S disaccharides. Moreover, we found that these Hep-like epitopes were overexpressed in various cancer cells. Most importantly, our in vivo experiments showed that VAR2HP had good biocompatibility and preferentially localizes to tumors, which indicates that VAR2HP has great application potential in tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy. In conclusion, this study provides a strategy for the discovery of novel tumor-associated GAG epitopes and their specific probes.
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36
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Enhanced Production of ECM Proteins for Pharmaceutical Applications Using Mammalian Cells and Sodium Heparin Supplementation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102138. [PMID: 36297573 PMCID: PMC9609459 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The yields of soluble ECM proteins recombinantly produced with mammalian cells can be significantly enhanced by exploiting the stabilizing properties of heparin. Here, we propose a simple and straightforward scalable protocol for the mammalian cell production of ECM proteins with affinity for heparin, using heparin as a supplement. As proof of concept, we have demonstrated the high-level expression of four biomedically relevant human enzymes such as carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ), carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6), beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 (ST6GAL1) and thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). We found a strong linear correlation between the isoelectric point (pI) of a protein and the improvement in protein expression levels upon heparin addition, providing a reference for selecting novel protein targets that would benefit from heparin supplementation. Finally, we demonstrated the compatibility of this approach with a three-step purification strategy that includes an initial heparin affinity purification step. Using CPZ as a representative example, we performed a preparative purification of this enzyme. The purified protein is enzymatically active and can be used for pharmaceutical applications as well as for high-throughput functional and structural studies.
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37
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Kniggendorf V, Souza MEP, Russo T, de Lima MA, Grupenmacher AT, Regatieri CV, Dreyfuss JL. New anti-angiogenic compound based on chemically modified heparin. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:3847-3855. [PMID: 36097187 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure the anti-angiogenic effect of N-desulfated Re-N-acetylated, a chemically modified heparin (mHep). METHODS In vitro assays (cell tube formation, viability, proliferation, and migration) with endothelial cells were performed after 24 h of treatment with mHep at 10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL or saline. In vivo tests were performed after laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats, followed by an intravitreal injection (5 µL) of mHep (10, 100, 1000 ng/mL) or balanced salt solution. Immunofluorescence analysis of the CNV was performed after 14 days. RESULTS mHep produced a statistically significant reduction in cell proliferation, tube formation, and migration, without cell viability changes when compared to saline. Mean measures of CNV area were 54.84 × 106 pixels/mm (± 12.41 × 106), 58.77 × 106 pixels/mm (± 17.52 × 106), and 59.42 × 106 pixels/mm (± 17.33 × 106) in groups 100, 1000, and 10,000 ng/mL, respectively, while in the control group, mean area was 72.23 × 106 (± 16.51 × 106). The P value was 0.0065. Perimeter analysis also demonstrated statistical significance (P = 0.0235) with the mean measure of 93.55 × 104, 94.23 × 104, and 102 × 104 in the 100 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL, and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that mHep N-DRN is a potent anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory compound with negligible anticoagulant or hemorrhagic action and no cytotoxicity for retina cells. This compound may serve as a candidate for treating choroidal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Kniggendorf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Perrud Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thatiane Russo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Andrade de Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.,Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Alex Treiger Grupenmacher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Caio V Regatieri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 821, 1o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Dreyfuss
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Broad-spectrum antiviral diazadispiroalkane core molecules block attachment and cell-to-cell spread of herpesviruses. Antiviral Res 2022; 206:105402. [PMID: 36007600 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the problems with the current available drugs many research studies deal with the class of the dispirotripiperazine (DSTP)-based compounds. These are small molecules consisting of polycyclic saturated ring systems with positively charged nitrogen atoms. These compounds can interact with negatively charged HSPGs and thus block viral attachment. In a previous paper by Adfeldt et al. (2021), we have shown that the diazadispiroalkane derivatives 11826091 and 11826236 exhibit dose-dependent antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). In the present study, these two small molecules are evaluated against two other herpesvirus species, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), as well as a HCMV clinical isolate. They exhibit potent antiherpetic activity against these herpesviruses with a high selectivity index. The low cytotoxicity was underlined by the LD50 determination in mice. We have shown that inhibition occurs at an early stage of infection. Interestingly, 11826091 and 11826236 reduced immediate early gene expression in HCMV and HSV-1 infected cells in a dose-dependent manner. Both small molecules probably interact electrostatically with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of proteoglycans on target cells resulting in blockage of adsorption sites for herpesvirus glycoprotein. Moreover, both compounds showed significant effects against the cell-associated viral spread of HSV-1 and HCMV. Overall, this study shows that 11826091 and 11826236 represent two promising candidates for a new approach of a broad antiviral therapy.
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycosaminoglycan Mimetic Precision Glycomacromolecules with Sequence-Defined Sulfation and Rigidity Patterns. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4004-4014. [PMID: 35959886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) such as heparan sulfate (HS) are structurally diverse linear polysaccharides that are involved in many biological processes and have gained interest as antiviral compounds. Their recognition is driven by a complex orchestra of structural parameters that are still under intense investigation. One distinct characteristic is the incorporation of sulfation patterns including highly sulfated and non-sulfated sequences that provide variations in flexibility and conformation, which in turn impact the biological function of sGAGs. However, these distinct features have not yet been fully realized in the synthetic preparation of sGAG mimetics. Here, we present the synthesis of three groups of sulfated glycomacromolecules as sGAG mimetics: (i) globally sulfated glycooligomers, (ii) glycooligomers with sequence-defined sulfation patterns, and (iii) a globally sulfated glycooligomer-oligo-L-proline hybrid structure. The complete synthesis, including chemical sulfation, was conducted on solid support, enabled by the introduction of a commercially available photocleavable linker allowing for the preservation of sensitive sulfates during cleavage of the products. Structures were obtained in good purity and with high degrees of sulfation demonstrating the wide applicability of this methodology to prepare tailor-made sulfated glycomacromolecules and similar sGAG mimetics. Structures were tested for their anticoagulant properties showing activity similar to their natural HS counterpart and significantly lower than HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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40
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Suppression of heparan sulfation re-sensitizes YAP1-driven melanoma to MAPK pathway inhibitors. Oncogene 2022; 41:3953-3968. [PMID: 35798875 PMCID: PMC9355870 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence identifies non-genetic mechanisms substantially contributing to drug resistance in cancer patients. Preclinical and clinical data implicate the transcriptional co-activators YAP1 and its paralog TAZ in resistance to multiple targeted therapies, highlighting the strong need for therapeutic strategies overcoming YAP1/TAZ-mediated resistance across tumor entities. Here, we show particularly high YAP1/TAZ activity in MITFlow/AXLhigh melanomas characterized by resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition and broad receptor tyrosine kinase activity. To uncover genetic dependencies of melanoma cells with high YAP1/TAZ activity, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 functional screen and identified SLC35B2, the 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate transporter of the Golgi apparatus, as an essential gene for YAP1/TAZ-driven drug resistance. SLC35B2 expression correlates with tumor progression, and its loss decreases heparan sulfate expression, reduces receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and sensitizes resistant melanoma cells to BRAF inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Thus, targeting heparan sulfation via SLC35B2 represents a novel approach for breaking receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors.
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41
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Caird R, Williamson M, Yusuf A, Gogoi D, Casey M, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. Targeting of Glycosaminoglycans in Genetic and Inflammatory Airway Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126400. [PMID: 35742845 PMCID: PMC9224208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lung, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are dispersed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) occupying the interstitial space between the capillary endothelium and the alveolar epithelium, in the sub-epithelial tissue and in airway secretions. In addition to playing key structural roles, GAGs contribute to a number of physiologic processes ranging from cell differentiation, cell adhesion and wound healing. Cytokine and chemokine–GAG interactions are also involved in presentation of inflammatory molecules to respective receptors leading to immune cell migration and airway infiltration. More recently, pathophysiological roles of GAGs have been described. This review aims to discuss the biological roles and molecular interactions of GAGs, and their impact in the pathology of chronic airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, the role of GAGs in respiratory disease has been heightened by the current COVID-19 pandemic. This review underlines the essential need for continued research aimed at exploring the contribution of GAGs in the development of inflammation, to provide a better understanding of their biological impact, as well as leads in the development of new therapeutic agents.
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42
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Ma Z, Wong S, Forgham H, Esser L, Lai M, Leiske M, Kempe K, Sharbeen G, Youkhana J, Mansfeld F, Quinn J, Phillips P, Davis T, Kavallaris M, McCarroll J. Aerosol delivery of star polymer-siRNA nanoparticles as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit lung tumor growth. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wang L, Ma X, He H, Su L, Guo Y, Shan G, Wang Y, Zhou X, Liu D, Long Y. Association Between Different DVT Prevention Methods and Outcomes of Septic Shock Caused by Intestinal Perforation in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:878075. [PMID: 35572994 PMCID: PMC9092133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.878075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Septic shock, largely caused by intestinal perforation, is the most common critical illness in intensive care unit (ICU). As an important quality control strategy in ICU, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention is routinely used in the treatment of septic shock. Nevertheless, the effects of DVT prevention on septic shock are not fully revealed. This study was thus designed to investigate the effects of DVT prevention on septic shock caused by intestinal perforation in China. Methods A total of 463 hospitals were enrolled in a survey, led by the China National Critical Care Quality Control Center (China NCCQC) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The association between DVT prevention, including pharmacological prophylaxis and mechanical prophylaxis, and outcomes, such as prognosis, complications, hospital stays, and hospitalization costs, was determined in the present study. Main Results Notably, the increased rates of DVT prevention were not associated with the onset of complications in patients with septic shock caused by intestinal perforation (p > 0.05). In addition, even though increased DVT prevention did not affect hospital stays, it significantly decreased the discharge rates without doctor's order in patients with septic shock caused by intestinal perforation (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, it should be noted that the rates of pharmacological prophylaxis but not mechanical prophylaxis were significantly associated with the costs of septic shock caused by intestinal perforation (p < 0.05). Although increased total rates of DVT prevention and the rates of mechanical prophylaxis did not reduce the mortality in patients with septic shock caused by intestinal perforation, the higher frequent intervention using pharmacological prophylaxis indicated the lower mortality of these patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions DVT prevention by any means is a safe therapeutic strategy for treating septic shock caused by intestinal perforation, and pharmacological prophylaxis reduced the mortality of patients with septic shock caused by intestinal perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Medical Administration, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longxiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Medical Administration, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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44
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Basu A, Patel NG, Nicholson ED, Weiss RJ. Spatiotemporal diversity and regulation of glycosaminoglycans in cell homeostasis and human disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C849-C864. [PMID: 35294848 PMCID: PMC9037703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00085.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. These complex carbohydrates play important roles in many cellular processes and have been implicated in many disease states, including cancer, inflammation, and genetic disorders. GAGs are among the most complex molecules in biology with enormous information content and extensive structural and functional heterogeneity. GAG biosynthesis is a nontemplate-driven process facilitated by a large group of biosynthetic enzymes that have been extensively characterized over the past few decades. Interestingly, the expression of the enzymes and the consequent structure and function of the polysaccharide chains can vary temporally and spatially during development and under certain pathophysiological conditions, suggesting their assembly is tightly regulated in cells. Due to their many key roles in cell homeostasis and disease, there is much interest in targeting the assembly and function of GAGs as a therapeutic approach. Recent advances in genomics and GAG analytical techniques have pushed the field and generated new perspectives on the regulation of mammalian glycosylation. This review highlights the spatiotemporal diversity of GAGs and the mechanisms guiding their assembly and function in human biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- 1Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Neil G. Patel
- 1Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Elijah D. Nicholson
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ryan J. Weiss
- 1Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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45
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Van Doren SR. MMP-7 marks severe pancreatic cancer and alters tumor cell signaling by proteolytic release of ectodomains. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:839-851. [PMID: 35343563 PMCID: PMC10443904 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer incurs the worst survival rate of the major cancers. High levels of the protease matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in circulation correlate with poor prognosis and limited survival of patients. MMP-7 is required for a key path of pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice and is present throughout tumor progression. Enhancements to chemotherapies are needed for increasing the number of pancreatic tumors that can be removed and for preventing relapses after surgery. With these ends in mind, selective inhibition of MMP-7 may be worth investigation. An anti-MMP-7 monoclonal antibody was recently shown to increase the susceptibility of several pancreatic cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutics, increase their apoptosis, and decrease their migration. MMP-7 activities are most apparent at the surfaces of innate immune, epithelial, and tumor cells. Proteolytic shedding of multiple protein ectodomains by MMP-7 from such cell surfaces influence apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. These activities warrant targeting of MMP-7 selectively in pancreatic cancer and other tumors of mucosal epithelia. Competitive and non-competitive modes of MMP-7 inhibition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Van Doren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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46
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Brokmeier HM, Wieruszewski ED, Nei SD, Loftsgard TO, Wieruszewski PM. Hemostatic Management in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Crit Care Nurs Q 2022; 45:132-143. [PMID: 35212653 DOI: 10.1097/cnq.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute cardiac and/or respiratory failure has grown exponentially in the past several decades. Systemic anticoagulation is a fundamental element of caring for ECMO patients. Hemostatic management during ECMO walks a fine line to balance the risk of safe and effective anticoagulant delivery to mitigate thromboembolic complications and minimizing hemorrhagic sequelae. This review discusses the pharmacology, monitoring parameters, and special considerations for anticoagulation in patients requiring ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Brokmeier
- Departments of Pharmacy (Drs Brokmeier, E. D. Wieruszewski, Nei, and P. M. Wieruszewski), Cardiovascular Surgery (Mr Loftsgard), and Anesthesiology (Dr P. M. Wieruszewski), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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47
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Mandal D, Mohammed EHM, Lohan S, Mandipoor P, Baradaran D, Tiwari RK, Parang K, Aliabadi HM. Redox-Responsive Disulfide Cyclic Peptides: A New Strategy for siRNA Delivery. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1338-1355. [PMID: 35347995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool capable of targeting virtually any protein without time-consuming and expensive drug development studies. However, due to obstacles facing efficient and safe delivery, RNAi-based therapeutic approach remains a challenge. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a number of disulfide-constraining cyclic and hybrid peptides using tryptophan and arginine residues. Our hypothesis was that peptide structures would undergo reduction by intracellular glutathione (more abundant in cancer cells) and unpack the small interfering RNA (siRNA) from the peptide/siRNA complexes. A subset of newly developed peptides (specifically, C4 and H4) exhibited effective cellular internalization of siRNA (∼70% of the cell population; monitored by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy), the capability of protecting siRNA against early degradation by nucleases (monitored by gel electrophoresis), minimal cytotoxicity in selected cell lines (studied by cell viability and LC50 calculations), and efficient protein silencing by 70-75% reduction in the expression of targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells, analyzed using the Western blot technique. Our results indicate the birth of a promising new family of siRNA delivery systems that are capable of safe and efficient delivery, even in the presence of nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dindyal Mandal
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States.,AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Avenue, Irvine, California 92617, United States.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Eman H M Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam 51132, Egypt
| | - Sandeep Lohan
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States.,AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Avenue, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Parvin Mandipoor
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Darius Baradaran
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
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48
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Production, characteristics and applications of microbial heparinases. Biochimie 2022; 198:109-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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49
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Nguyen L, McCord KA, Bui DT, Bouwman KM, Kitova EN, Elaish M, Kumawat D, Daskhan GC, Tomris I, Han L, Chopra P, Yang TJ, Willows SD, Mason AL, Mahal LK, Lowary TL, West LJ, Hsu STD, Hobman T, Tompkins SM, Boons GJ, de Vries RP, Macauley MS, Klassen JS. Sialic acid-containing glycolipids mediate binding and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:81-90. [PMID: 34754101 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that host glycans influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we reveal that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein on SARS-CoV-2 recognizes oligosaccharides containing sialic acid (Sia), with preference for monosialylated gangliosides. Gangliosides embedded within an artificial membrane also bind to the RBD. The monomeric affinities (Kd = 100-200 μM) of gangliosides for the RBD are similar to another negatively charged glycan ligand of the RBD proposed as a viral co-receptor, heparan sulfate (HS) dp2-dp6 oligosaccharides. RBD binding and infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells is decreased following depletion of cell surface Sia levels using three approaches: sialyltransferase (ST) inhibition, genetic knockout of Sia biosynthesis, or neuraminidase treatment. These effects on RBD binding and both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 viral entry are recapitulated with pharmacological or genetic disruption of glycolipid biosynthesis. Together, these results suggest that sialylated glycans, specifically glycolipids, facilitate viral entry of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelli A McCord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim M Bouwman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohamed Elaish
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Poultry Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dhanraj Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gour C Daskhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ilhan Tomris
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tzu-Jing Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steven D Willows
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew L Mason
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lori J West
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tom Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen M Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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50
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Chen TT, Lv JJ, Chen L, Gao YW, Liu LP. Role of heparinase in the gastrointestinal dysfunction of sepsis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:119. [PMID: 34970342 PMCID: PMC8713170 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparinase (HPA) is a β-D glucuronidase that belongs to the endoglycosidase enzyme family, and plays an important role in numerous pathological and physiological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. When the expression of HPA is abnormally high, the side chain of heparin sulfate proteoglycans degrades, destroying the cell barrier and leading to the occurrence and development of inflammation, with systemic inflammation occurring in severe cases. Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients. In sepsis, the gastrointestinal tract is the first and most frequently involved target organ, which often leads to gastrointestinal dysfunction. HPA overexpression has been determined to accelerate sepsis progression and gastrointestinal dysfunction; thus, it was hypothesized that HPA may play an important role and may serve as an index for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal dysfunction in sepsis. HPA inhibitors may therefore become applicable as targeted drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with sepsis. The present review mainly discussed the role of HPA in gastrointestinal dysfunction of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Lv
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Gao
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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