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Goswami A, Ghosh D, Garai A, Pradhan D, Biradha K. Bimetallic Organic Frameworks via In Situ Solvothermal Sol-Gel-Crystal and Sol-Crystal Transformation as Durable Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7303-7313. [PMID: 38597285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The in situ solvothermal conversion of metal-organic gels (MOGs) to crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represents a versatile and ingenious strategy that has been employed for the synthesis of MOF materials with specific morphologies, high yield, and improved functional properties. Herein, we have adopted an in situ solvothermal conversion of bimetallic MOGs to crystalline bimetallic MOFs with the aim of introducing a redox-active metal heterogeneity into the monometallic counterpart. The formation of bimetallic NiZn-MOF and CoZn-MOF via in situ solvothermal sol-gel-crystal and sol-crystal transformation is found to depend on the solvent systems used. The sol-to-gel-to-crystal transformation of NiZn-MOF via the formation of NiZn-MOG is found to occur through the gradual disruption of gel fibers leading to subsequent formation of microcrystals and single crystals of NiZn-MOF. These bimetallic MOFs and MOGs serve as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with an excellent methanol tolerance property, which can be attributed to the enhanced mass and charge transfer, higher oxygen vacancies, and bimetallic synergistic interactions among the heterometals. This work demonstrates a convenient strategy for producing bimetallic MOGs to MOFs through the introduction of a redox-active metal heterogeneity in the inorganic hybrid functional materials for fundamental and applied research. Our results connect MOGs and MOFs which have been regarded as having opposite physical states, that is, soft vs hard, and provide promising structural correlation between MOGs and MOFs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Debanjali Ghosh
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Abhijit Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Debabrata Pradhan
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 Kharagpur, India
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2
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Nimbalkar AS, Oh KR, Han SJ, Yun GN, Cha SH, Upare PP, Awad A, Hwang DW, Hwang YK. Nickel-Tin Nanoalloy Supported ZnO Catalysts from Mixed-Metal Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Selective Conversion of Glycerol to 1,2-Propanediol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301315. [PMID: 37932870 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The successful synthesis of finely tuned Ni1.5 Sn nanoalloy phases containing ZnO catalyst with a small particle size (6.7 nm) from a mixed-metal zeolitic imidazolate framework (MM-ZIF) is investigated. The catalyst was evaluated for the efficient production of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) from crude glycerol and comprehensively characterized using several analytical techniques. Among the catalysts, 3Ni1Sn/ZnO (Ni/Sn=3/1) showed the best catalytic performance and produced the highest yield (94.2 %) of 1,2-PDO at ~100 % conversion of glycerol; it also showed low apparent activation energy (15.4 kJ/mol) and excellent stability. The results demonstrated that the synergy between Ni-Sn alloy, finely dispersed Ni metallic sites, and the Lewis acidity of SnOx species-loaded ZnO played a pivotal role in the high activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The confirmation of acetol intermediate and theoretical calculations verify the Ni1.5 Sn phases provide the least energetic pathway for the formation of 1,2-PDO selectively. The reusability of solvent for successive ZIF synthesis, along with the excellent recyclability of the ZIF-derived catalyst, enables an overall sustainable process. We believe that the present synthetic protocol that uses MM-ZIF for the conversion of various biomass-derived platform chemicals into valuable products can be applied to various nanoalloy preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaysing S Nimbalkar
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryul Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - Seung Ju Han
- C1 Gas and Carbon Convergent Research Center, Korea Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Dajeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Gwang-Nam Yun
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Cha
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | | | - Ali Awad
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Dong Won Hwang
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Young Kyu Hwang
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
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Du M, Xu G, Zhang J, Guan Y, Guo C, Chen Y. Hierarchically porous MIL-100(Fe) with large mesopores for cationic dye adsorption. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.123950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Phan PT, Hong J, Tran N, Le TH. The Properties of Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:352. [PMID: 36678105 PMCID: PMC9864337 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are a class of porous materials with various functions based on their host-guest chemistry. Their selectivity, diffusion kinetics, and catalytic activity are influenced by their design and synthetic procedure. The synthesis of different MOFs has been of considerable interest during the past decade thanks to their various applications in the arena of sensors, catalysts, adsorption, and electronic devices. Among the different techniques for the synthesis of MOFs, such as the solvothermal, sonochemical, ionothermal, and mechanochemical processes, microwave-assisted synthesis has clinched a significant place in MOF synthesis. The main assets of microwave-assisted synthesis are the short reaction time, the fast rate of nucleation, and the modified properties of MOFs. The review encompasses the development of the microwave-assisted synthesis of MOFs, their properties, and their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Phan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa 810000, Vietnam
| | - Jeongsoo Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngo Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hoa Le
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Mannias G, Scano A, Pilloni M, Magner E, Ennas G. Tailoring MOFs to Biomedical Applications: A Chimera or a Concrete Reality? The Case Study of Fe-BTC by bio-friendly Mechanosynthesis. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2022.2153837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mannias
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM unit, Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM unit, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Martina Pilloni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM unit, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Guido Ennas
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM unit, Monserrato, Italy
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Garai A, Goswami A, Biradha K. In situ conversion of a MOG to a crystalline MOF: a case study on solvent-dependent gelation and crystallization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11414-11417. [PMID: 36131685 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report in situ transformation of a metal-organic gel (MOG) to a crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) and solvent-dependent gelation/crystallization via solvothermal reactions of a tetracarboxylic acid, namely 4,4'-dinitro-2,2',6,6'-tetracarboxybiphenyl, and ZnSO4. The results provide structural insights into MOGs at the molecular level and also help in the synthesis of crystalline MOFs that are otherwise difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Anindita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Kumar Biradha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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7
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Jansen C, Tannert N, Lenzen D, Bengsch M, Millan S, Goldman A, Jordan DN, Sondermann L, Stock N, Janiak C. Unravelling gas sorption in the aluminum metal‐organic framework CAU‐23: CO
2
, H
2
, CH
4
, SO
2
sorption isotherms, enthalpy of adsorption and mixed‐adsorptive calculations. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jansen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Niels Tannert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Dirk Lenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Marco Bengsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Simon Millan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Anna Goldman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Dustin Nils Jordan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Linda Sondermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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8
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Post Synthetic Modification of NH2-(Zr-MOF) via Rapid Microwave-Promoted Synthesis for Effective Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II). ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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9
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Study of CO2 and N2 sorption into ZIF-8 at high pressure and different temperatures. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sun L, Yin M, Li Z, Tang S. Facile microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of rod-like aluminum terephthalate [MIL-53(Al)] for CO2 adsorption. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Ma J, Huang L, Yu S, Chen L, Song G, Qiu M, Wang X. Applications of water-stable metal-organic frameworks in the removal of water pollutants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118076. [PMID: 34534824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Because the pollutants produced by human activities have destroyed the ecological balance of natural water environment, and caused severe impact on human life safety and environmental security. Hence the task of water environment restoration is imminent. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), structured from organic ligands and inorganic metal ions, are notable for their outstanding crystallinity, diverse structures, large surface areas, adsorption performance, and excellent component tunability. The water stability of MOFs is a key requisite for their possible actual applications in separation, catalysis, adsorption, and other water environment remediation areas because it is necessary to safeguard the integrity of the material structure during utilization. In this article, we comprehensively review state-of-the-art research progress on the promising potential of MOFs as excellent nanomaterials to remove contaminants from the water environment. Firstly, the fundamental characteristics and preparation methods of several typical water-stable MOFs include UiO, MIL, and ZIF are introduced. Then, the removal property and mechanism of heavy metal ions, radionuclide contaminants, drugs, and organic dyes by different MOFs were compared. Finally, the application prospect of MOFs in pollutant remediation prospected. In this review, the synthesis methods and application in water pollutant removal are explored, which provide ways toward the effective use of water-stable MOFs in materials design and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China
| | - Junzhou Ma
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China
| | - Lintianyang Huang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China
| | - Shujun Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Lan Chen
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China
| | - Gang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Muqing Qiu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China; Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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12
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Głowniak S, Szczęśniak B, Choma J, Jaroniec M. Advances in Microwave Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103477. [PMID: 34580939 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Usually, porous materials are synthesized by using conventional electric heating, which can be energy- and time-consuming. Microwave heating is commonly used in many households to quickly heat food. Microwave ovens can also be used as powerful devices in the synthesis of various porous materials. The microwave-assisted synthesis offers a simple, fast, efficient, and economic way to obtain many of the advanced nanomaterials. This review summarizes the recent achievements in the microwave-assisted synthesis of diverse groups of nanoporous materials including silicas, carbons, metal-organic frameworks, and metal oxides. Microwave-assisted methods afford highly porous materials with high specific surface areas (SSAs), e.g., activated carbons with SSA ≈3100 m2 g-1 , metal-organic frameworks with SSA ≈4200 m2 g-1 , covalent organic frameworks with SSA ≈2900 m2 g-1 , and metal oxides with relatively small SSA ≈300 m2 g-1 . These methods are also successfully implemented for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silicas and carbons as well as spherically shaped nanomaterials. Most of the nanoporous materials obtained under microwave irradiation show potential applications in gas adsorption, water treatment, catalysis, energy storage, and drug delivery, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Głowniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, 00-908, Poland
| | - Barbara Szczęśniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, 00-908, Poland
| | - Jerzy Choma
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, 00-908, Poland
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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Joseph J, Iftekhar S, Srivastava V, Fallah Z, Zare EN, Sillanpää M. Iron-based metal-organic framework: Synthesis, structure and current technologies for water reclamation with deep insight into framework integrity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131171. [PMID: 34198064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water is a supreme requirement for the existence of life, the contamination from the point and non-point sources are creating a great threat to the water ecosystem. Advance tools and techniques are required to restore the water quality and metal-organic framework (MOFs) with a tunable porous structure, striking physical and chemical properties are an excellent candidate for it. Fe-based MOFs, which developed rapidly in recent years, are foreseen as most promising to overcome the disadvantages of traditional water depolluting practices. Fe-MOFs with low toxicity and preferable stability possess excellent performance potential for almost all water remedying techniques in contrast to other MOF structures, especially visible light photocatalysis, Fenton, and Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis. Fe-MOFs become essential tool for water treatment due to their high catalytic activity, abundant active site and pollutant-specific adsorption. However, the structural degradation under external chemical, photolytic, mechanical, and thermal stimuli is impeding Fe-MOFs from further improvement in activity and their commercialization. Understanding the shortcomings of structural integrity is crucial for large-scale synthesis and commercial implementation of Fe-MOFs-based water treatment techniques. Herein we summarize the synthesis, structure and recent advancements in water remediation methods using Fe-MOFs in particular more attention is paid for adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis with clear insight into the mechanisms involved. For ease of analysis, the pollutants have been classified into two major classes; inorganic pollutants and organic pollutants. In this review, we present for the first time a detailed insight into the challenges in employing Fe-MOFs for water remediation due to structural instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Jyväskylä University, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sidra Iftekhar
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70120, Finland
| | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Jyväskylä University, Jyväskylä, Finland; Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
| | - Zari Fallah
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | | | - Mika Sillanpää
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), NO. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., West High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, PR China; Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of Zr-based metal–organic framework (Zr-fum-fcu-MOF) for gas adsorption separation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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16
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Stassin T, Waitschat S, Heidenreich N, Reinsch H, Pluschkell F, Kravchenko D, Marreiros J, Stassen I, van Dinter J, Verbeke R, Dickmann M, Egger W, Vankelecom I, De Vos D, Ameloot R, Stock N. Aqueous Flow Reactor and Vapour-Assisted Synthesis of Aluminium Dicarboxylate Metal-Organic Frameworks with Tuneable Water Sorption Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:10841-10848. [PMID: 32476184 PMCID: PMC7496088 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy-efficient indoors temperature and humidity control can be realised by using the reversible adsorption and desorption of water in porous materials. Stable microporous aluminium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) present promising water sorption properties for this goal. The development of synthesis routes that make use of available and affordable building blocks and avoid the use of organic solvents is crucial to advance this field. In this work, two scalable synthesis routes under mild reaction conditions were developed for aluminium-based MOFs: (1) in aqueous solutions using a continuous-flow reactor and (2) through the vapour-assisted conversion of solid precursors. Fumaric acid, its methylated analogue mesaconic acid, as well as mixtures of the two were used as linkers to obtain polymorph materials with tuneable water sorption properties. The synthesis conditions determine the crystal structure and either the MIL-53 or MIL-68 type structure with square-grid or kagome-grid topology, respectively, is formed. Fine-tuning resulted in new MOF materials thus far inaccessible through conventional synthesis routes. Furthermore, by varying the linker ratio, the water sorption properties can be continuously adjusted while retaining the sigmoidal isotherm shape advantageous for heat transformation and room climatisation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Stassin
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Steve Waitschat
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Helge Reinsch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Finn Pluschkell
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Dmitry Kravchenko
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - João Marreiros
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Ivo Stassen
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Jonas van Dinter
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Rhea Verbeke
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Marcel Dickmann
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) and Physik Department E21Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Werner Egger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik LRT2Universität der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner-Heisenberg-Weg 3985577NeubibergGermany
| | - Ivo Vankelecom
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Straße 224118KielGermany
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17
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Allendorf MD, Dong R, Feng X, Kaskel S, Matoga D, Stavila V. Electronic Devices Using Open Framework Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8581-8640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Allendorf
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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18
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Tirado-Guizar A, González-Gómez W, Pina-Luis G, Galindo JTE, Paraguay-Delgado F. Anthracene removal from water samples using a composite based on metal-organic-frameworks (MIL-101) and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:195707. [PMID: 31995521 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab70fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons constitute an important source of very dangerous pollutants. Different materials have been used as adsorbent for their removal, but they present difficulties in the separation process. The use of a material based on metal-organic framework (MOF) with large pores and high surface area and magnetic nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties is an interesting strategy. In this work a magnetic composite based on MOF (MIL-101) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/MIL-101) was obtained by a simple synthesis method and used as adsorbent for the removal of anthracene. The composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray powder diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that kinetic data followed a first-order model and equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 12.7 mg g-1 at pH 6 in 60 min of exposure. The composite was applied for the adsorption of anthracene in water samples reaching more than 95% of anthracene removal in 1 h of contact. The composite material was effectively separated using an external magnet, and no further centrifugation or filtration processes were needed. This composite is a great alternative to remove polycyclic hydrocarbons from water samples and has potential to extend to the removal of other contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tirado-Guizar
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, A.P. 1166, Tijuana 22500, BC, México
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19
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García-Palacín M, Martínez JI, Paseta L, Deacon A, Johnson T, Malankowska M, Téllez C, Coronas J. Sized-Controlled ZIF-8 Nanoparticle Synthesis from Recycled Mother Liquors: Environmental Impact Assessment. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:2973-2980. [PMID: 32953286 PMCID: PMC7493283 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b07593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different deprotonators as well as washing steps and drying procedure on the synthesis of ZIF-8 from the mother liquor was investigated. The morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity, and surface area of the synthesized MOF were investigated. In addition, life-cycle assessment (LCA) or, in other words, eco-balance, was implemented as well. LCA compares the full range of environmental effects associated with the product by evaluating all inputs and outputs of material flows and predicting how such flow will affect the environment. ZIF-8 nanocrystals were synthesized from the recycled mother liquors using NaOH or NH4OH thus preserving the main characteristics of the ZIF-8 nanoparticles derived from the initial synthesis. The rest of the characterization methods confirmed the suitability of the synthesis methodology considering the phase purity of the obtained ZIF-8 and nanometer size particles. This procedure enabled us not only to obtain phase pure ZIF-8 but also to substantially decrease the amount of solvent used for washing making it a sustainable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Palacín
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Department, Instituto de Nanociencia
de Aragón (INA) and Instituto de Materiales de Aragón
(ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Martínez
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Department, Instituto de Nanociencia
de Aragón (INA) and Instituto de Materiales de Aragón
(ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorena Paseta
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Department, Instituto de Nanociencia
de Aragón (INA) and Instituto de Materiales de Aragón
(ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adam Deacon
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Belais Avenue, Billingham, TS23 1LB, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Malankowska
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Department, Instituto de Nanociencia
de Aragón (INA) and Instituto de Materiales de Aragón
(ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Téllez
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Department, Instituto de Nanociencia
de Aragón (INA) and Instituto de Materiales de Aragón
(ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Coronas
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering Department, Instituto de Nanociencia
de Aragón (INA) and Instituto de Materiales de Aragón
(ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Fang Y, Yang Z, Li H, Liu X. MIL-100(Fe) and its derivatives: from synthesis to application for wastewater decontamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4703-4724. [PMID: 31919822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MIL-100(Fe), an environmental-friendly and water-stable metal-organic framework (MOF), has caught increasing research and application attention in the recent decade. Thanks to its mesoporous structure and eximious surface area, MIL-100(Fe) has been utilized as precursors for synthesizing various porous materials under high thermolysis temperature, which makes the derivatives of MIL-100(Fe) pretty promising candidates for the decontamination of wastewater. Herein, this review systematically summarizes the versatile synthetic methods and conditions for optimizing the properties of MIL-100(Fe) and its derivatives. Then, diverse environmental applications (i.e., adsorption, photocatalysis, and Fenton-like reaction) of MIL-100(Fe) and its derivatives and the corresponding removal mechanisms are detailed in the discussion. Finally, existing knowledge gaps related to fabrications and applications are discussed to close and promote the future development of MIL-100(Fe) and its derivatives toward environmental applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinghao Liu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
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21
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Soltanolkottabi F, Talaie MR, Aghamiri S, Tangestaninejad S. Introducing a dual-step procedure comprising microwave and electrical heating stages for the morphology-controlled synthesis of chromium-benzene dicarboxylate, MIL-101(Cr), applicable for CO 2 adsorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109416. [PMID: 31470196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MIL-101(Cr) crystals were synthesized through a dual-step procedure consisting of a short term nucleation step in which the solution mixture was heated using microwave irradiation (MW phase) followed by a long-term growth step in which conventional electrical heating (CE phase) was used as a source of energy. The primary objective of such segregation is to increase the nuclei population at the end of the nucleation step. As a result of the high population density of nuclei, it is expected that the total time required to grow crystals in the CE phase decreases. The results showed that using the dual-step procedure led to a significant reduction in total synthesis time. The results also revealed that increasing pH from around 1.5 to 3 at the beginning of the CE phase resulted in producing octahedral crystals instead of a multifaceted sphere. Octahedral crystals exhibit higher CO2 adsorption capacity than the multifaceted ones. Using the dual step procedure, one can not only control the morphology but also reduce the total synthesis time of MIL-101(Cr) crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Soltanolkottabi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M R Talaie
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyedfoad Aghamiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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22
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Kumar P, Anand B, Tsang YF, Kim KH, Khullar S, Wang B. Regeneration, degradation, and toxicity effect of MOFs: Opportunities and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108488. [PMID: 31295665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated extensively for separation, storage, catalysis, and sensing applications. Nonetheless, problems associated with their toxicity, recycling/reuse/regeneration, and degradation have yet to be addressed as one criterion to satisfy their commercialization. Here, the challenges associated with MOF-based technology have been explored to further expand their practical utility in various applications. We start a brief description of challenges associated with MOF-based technology followed by a critical evaluation of toxicity and need of technical options for regeneration of MOFs. Importantly, diverse techniques/process for reuse and regeneration of MOFs like activation of MOFs by heat, vacuum, solvent exchange, supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) and other miscellaneous options have been discussed with recent examples. Afterward, we also present an economical aspect and future perspectives of MOFs for real world applications. All in all, we aimed to present opportunities and critical review of the current status of MOF technology with respect to their recycling/reuse/regeneration to consider their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Nano Sciences & Materials, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143, J & K, India; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bhaskar Anand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sadhika Khullar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 S. Zhongguancun Ave. Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 , China
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23
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Soltanolkottabi F, Talaie MR, Aghamiri S, Tangestaninejad S. The effect of reaction mixture movement on the performance of chromium-benzenedicarboxylate, MIL-101(Cr), applicable for CO2 adsorption through a new circulating solvothermal synthesis process. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Luo Y, Tan B, Liang X, Wang S, Gao X, Zhang Z, Fang Y. Dry Gel Conversion Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous MIL-100(Fe) and Its Water Vapor Adsorption/Desorption Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Bingqiong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xianghui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Shuangfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xuenong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yutang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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25
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Tannert N, Jansen C, Nießing S, Janiak C. Robust synthesis routes and porosity of the Al-based metal–organic frameworks Al-fumarate, CAU-10-H and MIL-160. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2967-2976. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We confirm that the investigated Al-MOFs are robust with respect to reproducible synthesis and concomitant porosity as a prerequisite for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Tannert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich–Heine–Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Christian Jansen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich–Heine–Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Sandra Nießing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich–Heine–Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich–Heine–Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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26
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Goldman A, Nardin K, Höfert SP, Millan S, Janiak C. Two-dimensional Cobalt-Carboxylate Framework with Hourglass Trinuclear Co 3
(COO) 6
(DMA) 3
Secondary Building Unit. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goldman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Katharina Nardin
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Simon-Patrick Höfert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Simon Millan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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