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Sharma M, Marques J, Simões A, Donato MM, Cardoso O, Gando-Ferreira LM. Optimization of lignin precipitation from black liquor using organic acids and its valorization by preparing lignin nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131881. [PMID: 38677705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
This work focuses on the precipitation of lignin from kraft black liquor (BL) along with its valorization into lignin nanoparticles (LNP). Two organic acids namely, acetic acid, and lactic acid were used for the precipitation of lignin as an alternative to sulfuric acid. An optimization study was carried out to determine the effect of three key variables, namely acid type, temperature, and pH, on the isolation yield and purity of lignin. The study showed that all factors primarily influenced the lignin yield, while the purity of precipitated lignin varied only around 1 % between minimum to maximum purity. Further, the acid precipitation method was selected for the preparation of LNP. The study aimed to observe the effect of pH, lignin concentration, and surfactant concentration over the properties of the prepared nanoparticles. The results showed that a smaller nanoparticle size and maximization of phenolic content was achieved with a lignin concentration of 35 mg/mL, a surfactant concentration of 10 % (w/w lignin), and a pH of 5. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of LNPs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was evaluated. The results showed only minor activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential method for precipitation and valorization of lignin through the production of LNP with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorma Sharma
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Joana Marques
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Simões
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Cardoso
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Das AK, Mitra K, Conte AJ, Sarker A, Chowdhury A, Ragauskas AJ. Lignin - A green material for antibacterial application - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129753. [PMID: 38286369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Lignin's antibacterial properties have become increasingly relevant due to the rise of microbial infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Lignin is capable of interacting electrostatically with bacteria and contains polyphenols that cause damage to their cell walls. These features make lignin a desirable material to exhibit antibacterial behavior. Therefore, lignin in antibacterial applications offers a novel approach to address the growing need for sustainable and effective antibacterial materials. Recent research has explored the incorporation of lignin in various biomedical applications, such as wound dressings, implants, and drug delivery systems, highlighting their potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the development of lignin-based nanomaterials with enhanced antimicrobial activity is an active area of research that holds great promise for the future. In this review, we have provided a summary of how lignin can be incorporated into different forms, such as composite and non-composite synthesis of antibacterial agents and their performances. The challenges and future considerations are also discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE- 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Kangkana Mitra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38400, France.
| | - Austin J Conte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Asim Sarker
- Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Aysha Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Evolution, CBI, ESPCI, University PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee Institution of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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3
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Marangon CA, Otoni CG, Bertuso PC, Rossi PF, Dos Santos DM, Lourençon TV, Martins VCA, Plepis AMG, Mattoso LHC, Nitschke M. Side-stream lignins: Potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in milk. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114091. [PMID: 38395568 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, lignin has drawn increasing attention due to its intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant activities, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Yet, like several other biogenic structures, its compositional heterogeneity represents a challenge to overcome. In addition, there are few studies regarding food applications of lignin. Herein, we evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of lignin from two different sources. These lignins were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. Their antibacterial and antioxidant capacities (DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu methods) were also investigated. Susceptibility tests were performed with the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations using the micro-broth dilution technique. Kraft lignin presented higher radical-scavenging and antibacterial activities than alkali lignin, indicating the dependence of antioxidant and antibacterial activities on the precursor biomass. Scanning electron microscopy shows morphologic changes in the bacteria after exposure to lignin, while confocal microscopy suggests that kraft lignin has affinity towards bacterial surfaces and the ability to cause cell membrane destabilization. Lignin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis in skimmed milk, herein taken as food model. Our results suggest that lignins are promising candidates for green additives to improve quality and safety within the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisiane A Marangon
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Caio G Otoni
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM) & Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Rod. Washington Luis, 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Paula C Bertuso
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Rossi
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil; Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Engineering, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha - Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Dos Santos
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Tainise V Lourençon
- Aalto University, Department of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Finland
| | - Virginia C A Martins
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria G Plepis
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Marcia Nitschke
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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4
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Kargarzadeh H, Kobylińska A, Antos-Bielska M, Krzyżowska M, Gałęski A. Exploring the potential of lignin nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and bioactive properties of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129880. [PMID: 38307427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were described. LNPs were produced via the precipitation technique. Nanocomposites of LNPs with poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were prepared by melt mixing with various concentrations up to 6 wt% of LNPs. The assessment of the effects of LNP addition on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties of nanocomposites was carefully performed. The addition of LNPs to PBAT enhances the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The antioxidant effect of LNPs on PBAT increased with increasing filler content. LNPs showed higher efficiency as antioxidant agents than lignin particles (LP). The tensile modulus increased by 20 % for the nanocomposites with 6 % LNPs in comparison with neat PBAT. The crystallization peak temperature of PBAT was 80 °C, which increased to 104.6 °C with the addition of 6 wt% of LNPs, suggesting their strong nucleation activity. Antibacterial tests demonstrated the bacteriostatic activities of LNP, LP, and nanocomposites. Both LP and LNP showed considerable antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and human coronavirus 229e. The antiviral activity of LNP was concentration-dependent. The findings suggest that LNP is a promising bio-additive for PBAT and can enhance its properties for various applications, including food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kobylińska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Antos-Bielska
- Department of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krzyżowska
- Department of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gałęski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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5
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Li K, Zhong W, Li P, Ren J, Jiang K, Wu W. Antibacterial mechanism of lignin and lignin-based antimicrobial materials in different fields. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126281. [PMID: 37572815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The control of microbial infection transmission often relies on the utilization of synthetic and metal-based antimicrobial agents. However, their non-biodegradability and inadequate disposal practices lead to significant environmental contamination. To address this concern, the quest for natural alternatives has gained paramount importance. Lignin, a widely available renewable aromatic compound, emerges as a promising candidate owing to its inherent phenolic moiety, which lends itself well to acting as a natural antimicrobial agent either independently or in combination with other agents. This article provides a comprehensive account of the structure and primary classes of lignin. Additionally, it elucidates the antimicrobial mechanism of lignin, the factors influencing its efficacy, and the methods employed for its detection. Moreover, it describes the progress made in developing the antimicrobial capacity of lignin in different areas. In conclusion, this paper not only outlines the current state of research on the antimicrobial function of lignin, but also identifies challenges and future possibilities for enhancing its antimicrobial properties. This work holds great significance in the ongoing endeavor to contribute to high-impact research on natural alternatives for controlling infections and fostering environmentally conscious practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianpeng Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kangjie Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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6
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Dou J, Ilina P, Cruz CD, Nurmi D, Vidarte PZ, Rissanen M, Tammela P, Vuorinen T. Willow Bark-Derived Material with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties for Potential Wound Dressing Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16554-16567. [PMID: 37104679 PMCID: PMC10636761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems contain wood in addition to 10-20% bark, which remains one of the largest underutilized biomasses on earth. Unique macromolecules (like lignin, suberin, pectin, and tannin), extractives, and sclerenchyma fibers form the main part of the bark. Here, we perform detailed investigation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of bark-derived fiber bundles and discuss their potential application as wound dressing for treatment of infected chronic wounds. We show that the yarns containing at least 50% of willow bark fiber bundles significantly inhibit biofilm formation by wound-isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. We then correlate antibacterial effects of the material to its chemical composition. Lignin plays the major role in antibacterial activity against planktonic bacteria [i.e., minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1.25 mg/mL]. Acetone extract (unsaturated fatty acid-enriched) and tannin-like (dicarboxylic acid-enriched) substances inhibit both bacterial planktonic growth [MIC 1 and 3 mg/mL, respectively] and biofilm formation. The yarn lost its antibacterial activity once its surface lignin reached 20.1%, based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The proportion of fiber bundles at the fabricated yarn correlates positively with its surface lignin. Overall, this study paves the way to the use of bark-derived fiber bundles as a natural-based material for active (antibacterial and antibiofilm) wound dressings, upgrading this underappreciated bark residue from an energy source into high-value pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Dou
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina D. Cruz
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Denise Nurmi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Paula Zegarra Vidarte
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Rissanen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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7
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Chelliah R, Wei S, Vijayalakshmi S, Barathikannan K, Sultan G, Liu S, Oh DH. A Comprehensive Mini-Review on Lignin-Based Nanomaterials for Food Applications: Systemic Advancement and Future Trends. Molecules 2023; 28:6470. [PMID: 37764246 PMCID: PMC10535768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift to an environmentally friendly material economy requires renewable resource exploration. This shift may depend on lignin valorization. Lignin is an aromatic polymer that makes up one-third of total lingo-cellulosic biomass and is separated into large amounts for biofuel and paper manufacture. This renewable polymer is readily available at a very low cost as nearly all the lignin that is produced each year (90-100 million tons) is simply burned as a low-value fuel. Lignin offers potential qualities for many applications, and yet it is underutilized. This Perspective highlights lignin-based material prospects and problems in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications. The first half will discuss the present and future studies on exploiting lignin as an addition to improve food packaging's mechanical, gas, UV, bioactive molecules, polyphenols, and antioxidant qualities. Second, lignin's antibacterial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses will be discussed. In conclusion, lignin agriculture will be discussed in the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS University, Kanchipuram 600124, India
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Ghazala Sultan
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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8
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Hachimi Alaoui C, Réthoré G, Weiss P, Fatimi A. Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13493. [PMID: 37686299 PMCID: PMC10487582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Different techniques have been developed to overcome the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and extract lignin biopolymer. Lignin has gained considerable interest owing to its attractive properties. These properties may be more beneficial when including lignin in the preparation of highly desired value-added products, including hydrogels. Lignin biopolymer, as one of the three major components of lignocellulosic biomaterials, has attracted significant interest in the biomedical field due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Its valorization by developing new hydrogels has increased in recent years. Furthermore, lignin-based hydrogels have shown great potential for various biomedical applications, and their copolymerization with other polymers and biopolymers further expands their possibilities. In this regard, lignin-based hydrogels can be synthesized by a variety of methods, including but not limited to interpenetrating polymer networks and polymerization, crosslinking copolymerization, crosslinking grafted lignin and monomers, atom transfer radical polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization. As an example, the crosslinking mechanism of lignin-chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel involves active groups of lignin such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfonic groups that can form hydrogen bonds (with groups in the chemical structures of chitosan and/or PVA) and ionic bonds (with groups in the chemical structures of chitosan and/or PVA). The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of lignin-based hydrogels and their applications, focusing on the preparation and properties of lignin-based hydrogels and the biomedical applications of these hydrogels. In addition, we explore their potential in wound healing, drug delivery systems, and 3D bioprinting, showcasing the unique properties of lignin-based hydrogels that enable their successful utilization in these areas. Finally, we discuss future trends in the field and draw conclusions based on the findings presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaymaa Hachimi Alaoui
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), FPBM, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco;
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RmeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gildas Réthoré
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RmeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.R.); (P.W.)
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RmeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.R.); (P.W.)
| | - Ahmed Fatimi
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), FPBM, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco;
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9
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Argyropoulos DDS, Crestini C, Dahlstrand C, Furusjö E, Gioia C, Jedvert K, Henriksson G, Hulteberg C, Lawoko M, Pierrou C, Samec JSM, Subbotina E, Wallmo H, Wimby M. Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300492. [PMID: 37493340 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. Removing lignin from the black liquor or its gasification lowers the recovery boiler load enabling increased pulp production. During the past ten years, lignin separation technologies have emerged and the interest of the research community to valorize this underutilized resource has been invigorated. The aim of this Review is to give (1) a dedicated overview of the kraft process with a focus on the lignin, (2) an overview of applications that are being developed, and (3) a techno-economic and life cycle asseeements of value chains from black liquor to different products. Overall, it is anticipated that this effort will inspire further work for developing and using kraft lignin as a commodity raw material for new applications undeniably promoting pivotal global sustainability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris D S Argyropoulos
- Departments of Chemistry and Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Erik Furusjö
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden
- Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Universitetsområdet Porsön, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Claudio Gioia
- Department of physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Kerstin Jedvert
- Division of Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Hulteberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lawoko
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Pierrou
- RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph S M Samec
- Ren Fuel K2B AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
- RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arhenius väg 16 C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elena Subbotina
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Martin Wimby
- Valmet AB, Regnbågsgatan 6, 41755, Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Poolakkalody NJ, Ramesh K, Palliprath S, Nittoor SN, Santiago R, Kabekkodu SP, Manisseri C. Understanding triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO]) pretreatment induced changes in Pennisetum polystachion cell wall matrix and its implications on biofuel yield. RENEWABLE ENERGY 2023; 209:420-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
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11
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Ariyanta HA, Sari FP, Sohail A, Restu WK, Septiyanti M, Aryana N, Fatriasari W, Kumar A. Current roles of lignin for the agroindustry: Applications, challenges, and opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124523. [PMID: 37080401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Lignin has the potential to be used as an additive, coating agent, fertilizer, plant growth stimulator, and packaging material in the agroindustry due to its functional aromatic structure. The quantitative measurement of functional groups is a significant element of the research for lignin structure since they directly impact their optical, dispersion, and chemical properties. These physical and chemical properties of lignin strongly depend on its type and source and its isolation procedure. Thus, lignin provides numerous opportunities for the circular economy in the agroindustry; however, studying and resolving the challenges associated with its separation, purification, and modification is required. This review discusses the most recent findings on lignin use in agroindustry and historical facts about lignin. The properties of lignin and its roles as coating agents, pesticide carriers, plant growth stimulators, and soil-improving agents have been summarized. The emerging challenges in the field of lignin-based agroindustry are considered, and potential future steps to overcome these challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harits Atika Ariyanta
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Gunadarma, Depok, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Fahriya Puspita Sari
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Asma Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Witta Kartika Restu
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Melati Septiyanti
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Nurhani Aryana
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center of Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetic, in Collaboration with National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
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12
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Potential of lignin multifunctionality for a sustainable skincare: Impact of emulsification process parameters and oil-phase on the characteristics of O/W Pickering emulsions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123561. [PMID: 36758754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) from softwood kraft lignin were evaluated as a multifunctional ingredient to prepare bio-based oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions. After a preliminary screening, three Pickering emulsions systems were formulated using orange, coconut, and paraffin oils, at varying concentration of CLPs, oil/water ratio, and by applying two-step homogenisation processes (rotor-stator homogenisation followed by ultrasonication). Ultrasonication as a second homogenisation step considerably enhanced the emulsification efficiency, generating emulsions with smaller droplet size and less polydisperse distribution. Furthermore, the effect of ultrasonication on the characteristics of emulsions and the stability of the systems was evaluated over time. The oil content and type, the concentration of CLPs, and the homogenisation methods significantly influenced the characteristics of the emulsions and drop size. Higher concentrations of oil and CLPs favoured the formation of the emulsion and contributed to higher physical stability after 120 days of monitoring. The in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) results demonstrated that the incorporation of natural oils containing phenolic compounds in Pickering formulations improves the SPF value of emulsions, showing an interesting synergic effect between lignin particles and vegetable oils, which was not observed in the case of paraffin oil. Furthermore, the broad-spectrum sun blocker of Pickering emulsions was confirmed by the values of UVA/UVB between 0.74 and 0.90 and Cλ > 380.
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13
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Boarino A, Klok HA. Opportunities and Challenges for Lignin Valorization in Food Packaging, Antimicrobial, and Agricultural Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1065-1077. [PMID: 36745923 PMCID: PMC10015462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of renewable resources is essential to help transition toward a more sustainable materials economy. The valorization of lignin can be a key component of this transition. Lignin is an aromatic polymer that constitutes approximately one-third of the total lignocellulosic biomass and is isolated in huge quantities as a waste material of biofuel and paper production. About 98% of the 100 million tons of lignin produced each year is simply burned as low-value fuel, so this renewable polymer is widely available at very low cost. Lignin has valuable properties that make it a promising material for numerous applications, but it is far from being fully exploited. The aim of this Perspective is to highlight opportunities and challenges for the use of lignin-based materials in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications. In the first part, the ongoing research and the possible future developments for the use of lignin as an additive to improve mechanical, gas and UV barrier, and antioxidant properties of food packaging items will be treated. Second, the application of lignin as an antimicrobial agent will be discussed to elaborate on the activity of lignin against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Finally, the use of lignin in agriculture will be presented by focusing on the application of lignin as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boarino
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Pereira AR, Costa C, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Rodrigues A, Oliveira J. Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065165. [PMID: 36982237 PMCID: PMC10049713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of vine shoots are generated every year during vine pruning. This residue still presents many of the compounds found in the original plant, including low molecular weight phenolic compounds and structural compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. For wine-producing regions, the challenge is to develop alternatives that will increase the value of this residue. This work proposes the full valorization of vine shoots, focusing on the extraction of lignin by mild acidolysis for the preparation of nanoparticles. The effect of the pretreatment solvents (ethanol/toluene, E/T, and water/ethanol, W/E), on the chemical and structural features of lignin, was evaluated. The chemical analysis suggests similar composition and structure regardless of the pretreatment solvent, although lignin isolated after pretreatment of biomass with E/T showed a higher content of proanthocyanidins (11%) compared with W/E (5%). Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) presented an average size ranging from 130-200 nm and showed good stability for 30 days. Lignin and LNPs showed excellent antioxidant properties (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 0.016-0.031 mg/mL) when compared to commercial antioxidants. In addition, extracts resulting from biomass pretreatment showed antioxidant activity, with W/E presenting a lower IC50 (0.170 mg/mL) than E/T (0.270 mg/mL), correlated with the higher polyphenol content of W/E, with (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin being the main compounds detected. Overall, this work shows that the pre-treatment of vine shoots with green solvents can yield (i) the production of high-purity lignin samples with antioxidant properties and (ii) phenolic-rich extracts, promoting the integral reuse of this byproduct and contributing to sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Costa
- LSRE-LCM-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alírio Rodrigues
- LSRE-LCM-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Marković D, Petkovska J, Mladenovic N, Radoičić M, Rodriguez‐Melendez D, Ilic‐Tomic T, Radetić M, Grunlan JC, Jordanov I. Antimicrobial and
UV
protective chitosan/lignin multilayer nanocoating with immobilized silver nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darka Marković
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jovana Petkovska
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nina Mladenovic
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Marija Radoičić
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Tatjana Ilic‐Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Maja Radetić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Igor Jordanov
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Republic of North Macedonia
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16
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Lu X, Gu X. A review on lignin-based epoxy resins: Lignin effects on their synthesis and properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:778-790. [PMID: 36603715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignin can be used as a sustainable alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) to prepared lignin-based epoxy resins. Lignin effects including molecular weight, phenolic content, G/S unit ratio and flexible/rigid linkage ratio on epoxy synthesis and performance were summarized comprehensively. The incorporation of lignin with a higher molecular weight would lead to the higher rigidity of epoxy crosslinking network. Higher contents of ether bonds in lignin would provide higher structural flexibility of lignin incorporated epoxy thermosets. Lignin with higher contents of phenolic hydroxyls was more beneficial for improving the reactivity of its epoxy products after glycidylation. Due to the excellent charring capacity of lignin, higher contents of residue char can be produced at higher additions of lignin at high temperatures, while the loss of crosslinking density caused by the increasing lignin addition (especially for the macromolecular lignin) would deteriorate the thermal stability of their thermosets. Several applications of lignin-based epoxy resins were also mentioned based on their mechanical, thermal and chemical properties, such as coatings (with anticorrosion and UV-blocking), adhesives (with highly crosslinking network, excellent mechanical, and thermal properties) and flame retardants (with high charring capability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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17
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Chen M, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang D, Shi QS, Zhong XQ, Guo Y, Xie XB. High value valorization of lignin as environmental benign antimicrobial. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100520. [PMID: 36590981 PMCID: PMC9800644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a natural aromatic polymer of p-hydroxyphenylpropanoids with various biological activities. Noticeably, plants have made use of lignin as biocides to defend themselves from pathogen microbial invasions. Thus, the use of isolated lignin as environmentally benign antimicrobial is believed to be a promising high value approach for lignin valorization. On the other hand, as green and sustainable product of plant photosynthesis, lignin should be beneficial to reduce the carbon footprint of antimicrobial industry. There have been many reports that make use of lignin to prepare antimicrobials for different applications. However, lignin is highly heterogeneous polymers different in their monomers, linkages, molecular weight, and functional groups. The structure and property relationship, and the mechanism of action of lignin as antimicrobial remains ambiguous. To show light on these issues, we reviewed the publications on lignin chemistry, antimicrobial activity of lignin models and isolated lignin and associated mechanism of actions, approaches in synthesis of lignin with improved antimicrobial activity, and the applications of lignin as antimicrobial in different fields. Hopefully, this review will help and inspire researchers in the preparation of lignin antimicrobial for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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18
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Maruthapandi M, Gupta A, Saravanan A, Jacobi G, Banin E, Luong JHT, Gedanken A. Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of lignin-capped Cu 2O nanocomposite with antibiofilm properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 92:106241. [PMID: 36470127 PMCID: PMC9722477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Under ultrasonication, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) microparticles (<5 µm) were fragmented into nanoparticles (NPs, ranging from 10 to 30 nm in diameter), and interacted strongly with alkali lignin (Mw = 10 kDa) to form a nanocomposite. The ultrasonic wave generates strong binding interaction between lignin and Cu2O. The L-Cu nanocomposite exhibited synergistic effects with enhanced antibiofilm activities against E. coli, multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli, S. aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant SA, and P. aeruginosa (PA). The lignin-Cu2O (L-Cu) nanocomposite also imparted notable eradication of such bacterial biofilms. Experimental evidence unraveled the destruction of bacterial cell walls by L-Cu, which interacted strongly with the bacterial membrane. After exposure to L-Cu, the bacterial cells lost the integrated structural morphology. The estimated MIC for biofilm inhibition for the five tested pathogens was 1 mg/mL L-Cu (92 % lignin and 8 % Cu2ONPs, w/w %). The MIC for bacterial eradication was noticeably lower; 0.3 mg/mL (87 % lignin + 13 % Cu2ONPs, w/w %) for PA and SA, whereas this value was appreciably higher for MDR E. coli (0.56 mg/mL, 86 % lignin and 14 % Cu2O NPs). Such results highlighted the potential of L-Cu as an alternative to neutralize MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Maruthapandi
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Akanksha Gupta
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Arumugam Saravanan
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Gila Jacobi
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ehud Banin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - John H T Luong
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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19
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Sadeghifar H, Ragauskas A. Lignin as a bioactive polymer and heavy metal absorber- an overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136564. [PMID: 36155017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a pulping and bio-refinery by-product with phenolic chemical structure, lignin indicated high potential as natural antioxidant activity, UV blocker, antibacterial and toxic material absorbent properties. Presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin structure plays the main role of its antioxidant activity. However, lignin antioxidant power can change depending on its other structural features and functional groups like ortho-methoxy groups, -OCH3 groups, the α-CH2 groups, the aliphatic carbonyl groups, and the size of π-conjugated systems. Lignin in mixture with synthetic polymers, improved their thermal stability. Lignin has high UV light absorbing potential in broad-spectrum (UVA, UVB). Adding 1-5% of lignin into hand cream indicated excellent range of sun protection factor (SPF) with more than 95% UV light absorption. Lignin also indicated strong UV light protection when applied in different transparent film and protect paint, oil, and varnish from UV degradation. Lignosulfonate and other modified lignin including chemically modification, nano-particles and lignin hydrogel indicated high potential as heavy metal absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sadeghifar
- Hollingsworth & Vose, R&D Center, 219 Townsend Road, Groton, MA, 01450, USA.
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville, TN, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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20
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Monção M, Wretborn T, Rova U, Matsakas L, Christakopoulos P. Salicornia dolichostachya organosolv fractionation: towards establishing a halophyte biorefinery. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28599-28607. [PMID: 36320546 PMCID: PMC9540244 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are a potential source of lignocellulosic material for biorefinery, as they can be grown in areas unsuitable for the cultivation of crops aimed at food production. To enable the viable use of halophytes in biorefineries, the present study investigated how different organosolv process parameters affected the fractionation of green pressed fibers of Salicornia dolichostachya. We produced pretreated solids characterized by up to 51.3% ± 1.7% cellulose, a significant increase from 25.6% ± 1.3% in untreated fibers. A delignification yield of as high as 60.7%, and hemicellulose removal of as high as 86.1% were also achieved in the current study. The obtained cellulose could be completely converted to glucose via enzymatic hydrolysis within 24 h. The lignin fractions obtained were of high purity, with sugar contamination of only 1.22% w/w and ashes below 1% w/w in most samples. Finally, up to 29.1% ± 0.4% hemicellulose was recovered as a separate product, whose proportion of oligomers to total sugars was 69.9% ± 3.0%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which Salicornia fibers are shown to be a suitable feedstock for organosolv biomass fractionation. These results expand the portfolio of biomass sources for biorefinery applications. An organosolv method was developed for the fractionation of fibers of a halophyte plant in a biorefinery approach. Salicornia dolichostachya was used as raw material allowing the production of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin fractions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwel Monção
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Tobias Wretborn
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
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21
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Richane A, Rim BM, wided M, Riadh K, Khaoula A, Nizar M, Hanen BI. Variability of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of ten Ceratonia siliqua L. provenances. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Zeng S, Zhang S, Liu X, Zhao H, Guo D, Tong X, Li J. Green and Efficient Preparation of Tailed Lignin Nanoparticles and UV Shielding Composite Films. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152561. [PMID: 35893529 PMCID: PMC9330830 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNP) with various morphologies could be prepared with solvent-antisolvent methods. However, the employed toxic chemicals limited its large-scale application. In this study, an extremely green method using only ethanol and water as solvent and antisolvent was reported. Besides, with the syringaldehyde (SA) addition and its anchoring action on the lignin particles, a forming process of the tailed structure was observed and resulted. Moreover, the improved electronegativity originating from the phenolic hydroxyl groups enhanced the size distribution uniformity, and the new absorption peaks at 1190 cm-1 demonstrated the involvement of SA in the LNP formation. Lastly, the tailed lignin nanoparticles (T-LNP) composited with, respectively, polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, cellulose nanofibers, cationic etherified starch, and sodium alginate were successfully prepared. The outstanding UV-shielding and free radical scavenging properties in the above composites showed their great potential in wide applications in packaging materials.
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23
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Isnard F, Monga Mulunda M, Rubens M, Mariën H, Harumashi T, Wakabayashi K, Vanbroekhoven K, Eevers W, Peeters L, Vendamme R. Stabilization of Hybrid Adhesives and Sealants by Thermodynamic Tuning of Molecularly Optimized Lignin Bio-Additives: Small Changes, Big Effects. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3174-3185. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Isnard
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
- Centre Technique Industriel de la Plasturgie et des Composites, 2 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 01100 Bellignat, France
| | - Mikael Monga Mulunda
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lubumbashi, 1825 Lubumbashi, D.R. Congo
| | - Maarten Rubens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Hanne Mariën
- Kaneka Belgium N.V., Nijverheidsstraat 16, 2260 Westerlo-Oevel, Belgium
| | - Tatsuro Harumashi
- Kaneka Belgium N.V., Nijverheidsstraat 16, 2260 Westerlo-Oevel, Belgium
| | | | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Walter Eevers
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Peeters
- Kaneka Belgium N.V., Nijverheidsstraat 16, 2260 Westerlo-Oevel, Belgium
| | - Richard Vendamme
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Choi MH, Yang SH, Park WK, Shin HJ. Bamboo Lignin Fractions with In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity Downregulate Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells via PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137462. [PMID: 35806473 PMCID: PMC9267441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmetic ingredients originating from natural resources have garnered considerable attention, and the demand for whitening ingredients is increasing, particularly in Asian countries. Lignin is a natural phenolic biopolymer significantly effective as a natural sunscreen, as its ultraviolet protection efficacy ranges from 250 to 400 nm. However, using different types of lignin as cosmetic ingredients is difficult owing to the heterogeneity of lignin and the lack of in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy data. Thus, steam-exploded lignin (SEL) was prepared from bamboo, fractionated via successive organic solvent extraction, and sequentially fractionated using ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone to investigate its potential as a natural whitening material. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight of acetone-soluble and acetone-insoluble SEL fractions were the lowest and the highest, respectively. Monomer structures of the four lignin fractions were elucidated using 1H, 13C, and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities of the four fractions were compared. The methanol-soluble SEL fraction (SEL-F2) showed the highest antioxidant activity (except 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity), and the enzyme inhibition kinetics were confirmed. In this study, the expression pattern of the anti-melanogenic-related proteins by SEL-F2 was confirmed for the first time via the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element-binding (CREB) protein signaling pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells. Thus, SEL may serve as a valuable cosmetic whitening ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetics, Graduate School of Industrial Technology Startup, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hwa Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Won-Keun Park
- Department of Chemical Energy Engineering, Sangmyong University, Seoul 03016, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetics, Graduate School of Industrial Technology Startup, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-75-18
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25
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Robbins E, Mucha SG, Benkowska-Biernacka D, Nadolski K, Maldonado-Carmona N, Villandier N, Leroy-Lhez S, Matczyszyn K. Porphyrin-loaded acetylated lignin nanoparticles as a remarkable biomarker emitting in the first optical window. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Verrillo M, Savy D, Cangemi S, Savarese C, Cozzolino V, Piccolo A. Valorization of lignins from energy crops and agro-industrial byproducts as antioxidant and antibacterial materials. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2885-2892. [PMID: 34755340 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing eco-friendly antioxidant and antimicrobial substances originating from biomass residues has recently attracted considerable interest. In this study, two lignosulfonates and various oxidized water-soluble lignins were investigated for their antioxidant properties, as assessed by ABTS, DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, and their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains responsible for human pathologies. RESULTS The lignosulfonates showed the largest antiradical/antimicrobial capacity, whereas the other substrates were less effective. The observed antioxidant/antibacterial properties were positively correlated with lignin aromatic/phenolic content. The positive correlation between antiradical and antimicrobial activities suggests that lignin scavenging capacity was also involved in its antibacterial activity. A greater antimicrobial performance was generally observed against Gram-positive bacterial strains, and it was attributed to the intrinsic larger susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria to lignin phenols. A significant though lesser inhibitory activity was also found against Escherichia coli. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed the dependence of lignin antioxidant/antibacterial power on its extraction method and chemical structure, as well as on the type of bacterial strains. Identifying the relationship between lignin molecular composition and its antioxidant/antibacterial features represents an advance on the potential future use of renewable and eco-compatible lignin materials in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU) - University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Davide Savy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU) - University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Silvana Cangemi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU) - University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Claudia Savarese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU) - University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU) - University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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27
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Recent advances in biological activities of lignin and emerging biomedical applications: A short review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:819-832. [PMID: 35364209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an abundant biopolymer, lignin gains interest owing to its renewable nature and polyphenolic structure. It possesses many biological activities such as antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility. Studies are being carried out to relate the biological activities to the polyphenolic structures. These traits present lignin as a natural compound being used in biomedical field. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are being investigated for safe use in drug and gene delivery, and lignin-based hydrogels are being explored as wound dressing materials, in tissue engineering and 3D printing. In addition, lignin and its derivatives have shown the potential to treat diabetic disease. This review summarizes latest research results on the biological activities of lignin and highlights potential applications exampled by selective studies. It helps to transform lignin from a waste material into valuable materials and products.
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28
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Sugiarto S, Leow Y, Tan CL, Wang G, Kai D. How far is Lignin from being a biomedical material? Bioact Mater 2022; 8:71-94. [PMID: 34541388 PMCID: PMC8424518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a versatile biomass that possesses many different desirable properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-UV, and good biocompatibility. Natural lignin can be processed through several chemical processes. The processed lignin can be modified into functionalized lignin through chemical modifications to develop and enhance biomaterials. Thus, lignin is one of the prime candidate for various biomaterial applications such as drug and gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, tissue engineering, and dietary supplement additive. This review presents the potential of developing and utilizing lignin in the outlook of new and sustainable biomaterials. Thereafter, we also discuss on the challenges and outlook of utilizing lignin as a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
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29
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Khan RJ, Lau CY, Guan J, Lam CH, Zhao J, Ji Y, Wang H, Xu J, Lee DJ, Leu SY. Recent advances of lignin valorization techniques toward sustainable aromatics and potential benchmarks to fossil refinery products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126419. [PMID: 34838966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds are important fuels and key chemical precursors for organic synthesis, however the current aromatics market are mainly relying on fossil resources which will eventually contribute to carbon emissions. Lignin has been recognized as a drop-in substitution to conventional aromatics, with its values gradually realized after tremendous research efforts in the recent five years. To facilitate the development of a possible lignin economics, this study overviewed the recent advances of various biorefinery techniques and the remaining challenging for lignin valorization. Starting with recent discovery of unexplored lignin structures, the potential functions of lignin related chemical structures were emphasized. The important breakthrough of lignin-first pretreatment, catalytic lignin depolymerization, and the high value products with possible benchmark with modern aromatics were reviewed with possible future targets. Possible retrofit of conventional petroleum refinery for lignin products were also introduced and hopefully paving a way to progressively migrate the industry towards carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Jalil Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Yin Lau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jianyu Guan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Ho Lam
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Ji
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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30
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Solihat NN, Santoso EB, Karimah A, Madyaratri EW, Sari FP, Falah F, Iswanto AH, Ismayati M, Lubis MAR, Fatriasari W, Antov P, Savov V, Gajtanska M, Syafii W. Physical and Chemical Properties of Acacia mangium Lignin Isolated from Pulp Mill Byproduct for Potential Application in Wood Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:491. [PMID: 35160483 PMCID: PMC8840075 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient isolation process and understanding of lignin properties are essential to determine key features and insights for more effective lignin valorization as a renewable feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals including wood adhesives. This study successfully used dilute acid precipitation to recover lignin from black liquor (BL) through a single-step and ethanol-fractionated-step, with a lignin recovery of ~35% and ~16%, respectively. The physical characteristics of lignin, i.e., its morphological structure, were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical properties of the isolated lignin were characterized using comprehensive analytical techniques such as chemical composition, solubility test, morphological structure, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), elucidation structure by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (Py-GCMS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The fingerprint analysis by FTIR detected the unique peaks corresponding to lignin, such as C=C and C-O in aromatic rings, but no significant differences in the fingerprint result between both lignin. The 1H and 13C NMR showed unique signals related to functional groups in lignin molecules such as methoxy, aromatic protons, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid. The lower insoluble acid content of lignin derived from fractionated-step (69.94%) than single-step (77.45%) correlated to lignin yield, total phenolic content, solubility, thermal stability, and molecular distribution. It contradicted the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) units' ratio where ethanol fractionation slightly increased syringyl unit content, increasing the S/G ratio. Hence, the fractionation step affected more rupture and pores on the lignin morphological surface than the ethanol-fractionated step. The interrelationships between these chemical and physicochemical as well as different isolation methods were investigated. The results obtained could enhance the wider industrial application of lignin in manufacturing wood-based composites with improved properties and lower environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (F.P.S.); (F.F.); (M.I.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Eko Budi Santoso
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.B.S.); (E.W.M.); (W.S.)
| | - Azizatul Karimah
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (F.P.S.); (F.F.); (M.I.); (M.A.R.L.)
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.B.S.); (E.W.M.); (W.S.)
| | - Elvara Windra Madyaratri
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.B.S.); (E.W.M.); (W.S.)
| | - Fahriya Puspita Sari
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (F.P.S.); (F.F.); (M.I.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Faizatul Falah
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (F.P.S.); (F.F.); (M.I.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Apri Heri Iswanto
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
- JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center, Jl. Tridharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Maya Ismayati
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (F.P.S.); (F.F.); (M.I.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (F.P.S.); (F.F.); (M.I.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (A.K.); (F.P.S.); (F.F.); (M.I.); (M.A.R.L.)
| | - Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Viktor Savov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Milada Gajtanska
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Wasrin Syafii
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.B.S.); (E.W.M.); (W.S.)
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31
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Effect of organosolv extraction on the structure and antioxidant activity of eucalyptus kraft lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:462-470. [PMID: 34280451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three lignin fractions F1, F2, and F3 were obtained from eucalyptus kraft lignin (EKL) by solvent extraction with ethyl acetate, acetone, and acetone/water. The antioxidant activity of these lignin fractions were measured and evaluated by using the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power analysis. These lignin fractions were also characterized by applying Gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, 31P NMR and 2D HSQC NMR techniques. The three different lignin fractions had rather different average molecular sizes, as well as different phenolic and methoxy functional contents. The ethyl acetate fraction (F1) with the lowest average molecular weight (2342 g/mol) and the highest phenolic hydroxyl content (4.2457 mmol/g) and methoxy groups (6.2714 mmol/g) showed high homogeneity and the highest antioxidant activity. Its DPPH scavenging activity, ABTS+ scavenging activity, and ferric reducing the antioxidant power were 68.67%, 75.57%, and 91.89 μmol/g, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of F1 and F2 was found to be higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene. Therefore, solvent extraction was shown to be an effective way to separate lignin fractions with high homogeneity, high antioxidant activity, which could lead to application of lignin with higher value.
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32
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Eugenio ME, Martín-Sampedro R, Santos JI, Wicklein B, Ibarra D. Chemical, Thermal and Antioxidant Properties of Lignins Solubilized during Soda/AQ Pulping of Orange and Olive Tree Pruning Residues. Molecules 2021; 26:3819. [PMID: 34201524 PMCID: PMC8270295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some agroforestry residues such as orange and olive tree pruning have been extensively evaluated for their valorization due to its high carbohydrates content. However, lignin-enriched residues generated during carbohydrates valorization are normally incinerated to produce energy. In order to find alternative high added-value applications for these lignins, a depth characterization of them is required. In this study, lignins isolated from the black liquors produced during soda/anthraquinone (soda/AQ) pulping of orange and olive tree pruning residues were analyzed by analytical standard methods and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (solid state 13C NMR and 2D NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) and antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) were also evaluated. Both lignins showed a high OH phenolic content as consequence of a wide breakdown of β-aryl ether linkages. This extensive degradation yielded lignins with low molecular weights and polydispersity values. Moreover, both lignins exhibited an enrichment of syringyl units together with different native as well as soda/AQ lignin derived units. Based on these chemical properties, orange and olive lignins showed relatively high thermal stability and good antioxidant activities. These results make them potential additives to enhance the thermo-oxidation stability of synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Eugenio
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - Raquel Martín-Sampedro
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - José I. Santos
- NMR of Facility of Research (SGIker), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Bernd Wicklein
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Ibarra
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
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33
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Queiroz BG, Ciol H, Inada NM, Frollini E. Hydrogel from all in all lignocellulosic sisal fibers macromolecular components. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:978-989. [PMID: 33892029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous structure of lignocellulosic biomass makes it difficult to dissolve its main components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) by solvent action with the aim of further applying the mixture of the biological macromolecules generated in the solvent medium. In the present study, the dissolution efficiency (DE) of lignocellulosic sisal fibers in the lithium chloride/dimethylacetamide solvent system (LiCl/DMAc) was evaluated for further application in the formation of hydrogels. Catalytic amounts of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were used in some experiments, which increased the DE from 40% to 90%. The regeneration of the solutions, either previously filtered or not, led to hydrogels based on sisal lignocellulosic biomass. In brief, the properties of the hydrogels were influenced by the content of the lignocellulosic components in the hydrogels, present both in the dissolved fraction and in the incorporated undissolved fraction (when nonfiltered solutions were used). Hydrogels presented water absorption up to 7479% and resorption content in the lyophilized hydrogel up to 2133%. Extracts obtained from preselected hydrogels exhibited cell viability up to 127% compared to the control group when in contact with fibroblast cultures, exhibiting their noncytotoxic properties. This attribute increased the range of possible applications of these hydrogels, ranging from agriculture to biocompatible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca G Queiroz
- Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center of Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Ciol
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, , Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, , Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Frollini
- Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center of Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Lobo FCM, Franco AR, Fernandes EM, Reis RL. An Overview of the Antimicrobial Properties of Lignocellulosic Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:1749. [PMID: 33804712 PMCID: PMC8004007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes are a major source of health and environmental problems, mostly due to their easy proliferation on most surfaces. Currently, new classes of antimicrobial agents are under development to prevent microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. However, they are mostly from synthetic origin and present several disadvantages. The use of natural biopolymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, derived from lignocellulosic materials as antimicrobial agents has a promising potential. Lignocellulosic materials are one of the most abundant natural materials from renewable sources, and they present attractive characteristics, such as low density and biodegradability, are low-cost, high availability, and environmentally friendly. This review aims to provide new insights into the current usage and potential of lignocellulosic materials (biopolymer and fibers) as antimicrobial materials, highlighting their future application as a novel drug-free antimicrobial polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C. M. Lobo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco/Guimarães, Portugal; (F.C.M.L.); (A.R.F.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albina R. Franco
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco/Guimarães, Portugal; (F.C.M.L.); (A.R.F.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco/Guimarães, Portugal; (F.C.M.L.); (A.R.F.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco/Guimarães, Portugal; (F.C.M.L.); (A.R.F.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Arruda MDM, da Paz Leôncio Alves S, da Cruz Filho IJ, de Sousa GF, de Souza Silva GA, do Nascimento Santos DKD, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Moraes Rocha GJ, de Souza IA, de Melo CML. Characterization of a lignin from Crataeva tapia leaves and potential applications in medicinal and cosmetic formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:286-298. [PMID: 33737189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignins are phenolic macromolecules that have several applications. In this work, we examine some biological activities of a lignin-like macromolecule isolated from the Crataeva tapia leaves, not yet studied to evaluate its potential applications in medicinal and cosmetic formulations. Lignin was obtained by alkaline delignification and its physical-chemical characterization was made by means of FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, molecular mass determination and thermal analysis. Lignin is of the GSH type, with levels of hydrogen (5.10%), oxygen (27.18%), carbon (67.60%), nitrogen (0.12%) and phenolic content of 189.6 ± 9.6 mg GAE/g. In addition, it is a thermally stable macromolecule with low antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production were assessed by flow cytometry. The photoprotective activity was evaluated by adding different concentrations of lignin to a commercial cream. Lignin was not cytotoxic, it stimulated the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 and did not promote a significant change in nitric oxide levels. In addition, this macromolecule was able to promote increased absorption of ultraviolet light from a commercial cream. These results reinforce the ethnopharmacological use of C. tapia leaves and suggest the need for further studies to determine the potential medicinal and cosmetic applications (sunscreen) of lignin from C. tapia leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Daniela Muniz Arruda
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Simone da Paz Leôncio Alves
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Georon Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Antonio de Souza Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, PO Box 6192, 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivone Antonia de Souza
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
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36
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Banwell MG, Pollard B, Liu X, Connal LA. Exploiting Nature's Most Abundant Polymers: Developing New Pathways for the Conversion of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Chitin into Platform Molecules (and Beyond). Chem Asian J 2021; 16:604-620. [PMID: 33463003 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The four most prominent forms of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and chitin. In efforts to develop sustainable sources of platform molecules there has been an increasing focus on examining how these biopolymers could be exploited as feedstocks that support the chemical supply chain, including in the production of fine chemicals. Many different approaches are possible and some of the ones being developed in the authors' laboratories are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou/Zhuhai, 510632/519070, P. R. China.,Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brett Pollard
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Luke A Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Jeong Y, Choi WY, Park A, Lee YJ, Lee Y, Park GH, Lee SJ, Lee WK, Ryu YK, Kang DH. Marine cyanobacterium Spirulina maxima as an alternate to the animal cell culture medium supplement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4906. [PMID: 33649424 PMCID: PMC7921123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum is a stable medium supplement for in vitro cell culture. Live cells are used in stem cell research, drug toxicity and safety testing, disease diagnosis and prevention, and development of antibiotics, drugs, and vaccines. However, use of serum in culture involves concerns such as an ethical debate regarding the collection process, lack of standardized ingredients, and high cost. Herein, therefore, we evaluated the possibility of using edible cyanobacterium (Spirulina maxima), which is a nutrient-rich, sustainable, and ethically acceptable source, as a novel substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS). H460 cells were cultured to the 10th generation by adding a mixture of spirulina animal cell culture solution (SACCS) and FBS to the culture medium. Cell morphology and viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, proteomes, and transcriptomes were assessed. We observed that SACCS had better growth-promoting capabilities than FBS. Cell proliferation was promoted even when FBS was replaced by 50-70% SACCS; there was no significant difference in cell shape or viability. There were only slight differences in the cell cycle, apoptosis, proteomes, and transcriptomes of the cells grown in presence of SACCS. Therefore, SACCS has the potential to be an effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly alternative to FBS in in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younsik Jeong
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Yong Choi
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Areumi Park
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Lee
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdeuk Lee
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hoo Park
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyun Ryu
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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Piccinino D, Capecchi E, Tomaino E, Gabellone S, Gigli V, Avitabile D, Saladino R. Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:274. [PMID: 33578879 PMCID: PMC7916605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green, biocompatible, and biodegradable antioxidants represent a milestone in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Lignin is the most abundant polyphenol in nature, recovered as a low-cost waste from the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery. This polymer is characterized by beneficial physical and chemical properties which are improved at the nanoscale level due to the emergence of antioxidant and UV shielding activities. Here we review the use of lignin nanoparticles in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications, focusing on sunscreen and antiaging formulations. Advances in the technology for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles are described highlighting structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Piccinino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Sofia Gabellone
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Gigli
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- IDI Farmaceutici, Via dei Castelli Romani 73/75, 00071 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
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Adamcyk J, Beisl S, Amini S, Jung T, Zikeli F, Labidi J, Friedl A. Production and Properties of Lignin Nanoparticles from Ethanol Organosolv Liquors-Influence of Origin and Pretreatment Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:384. [PMID: 33530559 PMCID: PMC7866125 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major efforts in recent years, lignin as an abundant biopolymer is still underutilized in material applications. The production of lignin nanoparticles with improved properties through a high specific surface area enables easier applicability and higher value applications. Current precipitation processes often show poor yields, as a portion of the lignin stays in solution. In the present work, lignin was extracted from wheat straw, spruce, and beech using ethanol organosolv pretreatment at temperatures from 160-220 °C. The resulting extracts were standardized to the lowest lignin content and precipitated by solvent-shifting to produce lignin micro- and nanoparticles with mean hydrodynamic diameters from 67.8 to 1156.4 nm. Extracts, particles and supernatant were analyzed on molecular weight, revealing that large lignin molecules are precipitated while small lignin molecules stay in solution. The particles were purified by dialysis and characterized on their color and antioxidant activity, reaching ASC equivalents between 19.1 and 50.4 mg/mg. This work gives detailed insight into the precipitation process with respect to different raw materials and pretreatment severities, enabling better understanding and optimization of lignin nanoparticle precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Adamcyk
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (S.A.); (T.J.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Stefan Beisl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (S.A.); (T.J.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Samaneh Amini
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (S.A.); (T.J.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Thomas Jung
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (S.A.); (T.J.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Florian Zikeli
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (S.A.); (T.J.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Anton Friedl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (S.A.); (T.J.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
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40
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Marchand G, Fabre G, Maldonado-Carmona N, Villandier N, Leroy-Lhez S. Acetylated lignin nanoparticles as a possible vehicle for photosensitizing molecules. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5648-5658. [PMID: 36133893 PMCID: PMC9417530 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignins are underused and abundant bio-sourced polymers with various potential applications. An attractive one is the development of nanoparticles for bioactive compound delivery. Here, we optimized the synthesis of hydrodispersible nanoparticles of acetylated lignin by comparing different lignin sources, degrees of acetylation and preparation methods. The formation of acetylated lignin nanoparticles in various solvents was probed by both experiments and, for the first time, a molecular dynamics simulation. We showed that dialysis is more suitable to obtain these nanoparticles than anti-solvent addition. The encapsulation of hydrophobic photosensitizing porphyrin in these nanoparticles was also demonstrated and rationalized at the molecular level, together with experiments, docking and molecular dynamics simulations. As acetylated lignin has been demonstrated to exhibit photosensitizing activity, the encapsulation of bioactive compounds in lignin nanoparticles opens the doors to a broad range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Marchand
- PEIRENE EA7500, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie 2 rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France
| | - Gabin Fabre
- UMR 1248 INSERM, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie 2 rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France
| | - Nidia Maldonado-Carmona
- PEIRENE EA7500, Université de Limoges, Faculté des Sciences 123 rue du Albert Thomas 87025 Limoges Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Villandier
- PEIRENE EA7500, Université de Limoges, Faculté des Sciences 123 rue du Albert Thomas 87025 Limoges Cedex France
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- PEIRENE EA7500, Université de Limoges, Faculté des Sciences 123 rue du Albert Thomas 87025 Limoges Cedex France
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Ponnuchamy V, Gordobil O, Diaz RH, Sandak A, Sandak J. Fractionation of lignin using organic solvents: A combined experimental and theoretical study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:792-805. [PMID: 33242547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Refining of industrial lignin to produce homogeneous fractions is essential for high-value applications. However, the understanding of key interactions between a variety of solvents with lignin polymer is still uncertain. In this work, single-step fractionation of industrial hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) using organic solvents of different polarities - ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether and hexane - was investigated by combining an experimental and theoretical approach. Experimental results revealed that higher polarity solvents (ethanol and acetone) exhibited higher solubility yield compared to moderate and low polarity solvents. The chemical differences between lignin fractions were proven by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry and near infrared spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) results indicated that ethanol presented higher interaction energy followed by acetone, diethyl ether and hexane, which was consistent with experimental findings. Hydrogen bond and non-covalent interaction results from DFT demonstrated that the predominant interaction was found for high polarity of ethanol over other solvents and γ-OH in the lignin model is the key site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerapandian Ponnuchamy
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Titov trg 4, 6000 Koper, Slovenia.
| | | | - René Herrera Diaz
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Anna Sandak
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jakub Sandak
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Titov trg 4, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Lourençon TV, de Lima GG, Ribeiro CSP, Hansel FA, Maciel GM, da Silva K, Winnischofer SMB, de Muniz GIB, Magalhães WLE. Antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumoural activities of kraft lignin from hardwood fractionated by acid precipitation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1535-1542. [PMID: 33186650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kraft lignin, so far useful for energy generation, has been gathering considerable attention as an alternative material to replace fossil-based resources mainly due to its high phenolic content. However, the wide molecular weight distribution and chemical composition heterogeneity led to the development of fractionation methods. Herein, to narrow such characteristics we used eucalypt kraft lignin fractionated at pH's 9, 7, 5 and 3 by sequential acid precipitation. These lignin fractions were first characterised by simultaneous pyrolysis and trimethylsilylation (SPyT) with N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide with posterior tests of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumour activities. We observed higher ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl groups and increase in antioxidant activity in those fractions with lower molecular weight (precipitated at lower pH's). Fractions precipitated at pH's 9 and 7 have shown an outstanding antibacterial activity against five bacteria. Moreover, fractions 7 and 5 presented at cytotoxicity tests higher ability to inhibit the growth of U87MG and T98G glioma cells, while only a slight inhibition of adult human fibroblasts (non-tumour cells) was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainise V Lourençon
- Wood and Forestry Science Center (PPGEF), Federal University of Paraná, Lothário Meissner 900, 80210-170 Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Gabriel G de Lima
- Integrated Program in Engineering & Materials Science, Federal University of Paraná, Polytechnic Center, 81531-990 Curitiba, Brazil; Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Carolina S P Ribeiro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-980 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabricio A Hansel
- Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111, 83411-000 Colombo, Brazil
| | - Giselle M Maciel
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal University of Technology, 81280-340 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Krisle da Silva
- Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111, 83411-000 Colombo, Brazil
| | - Sheila M B Winnischofer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-980 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Graciela I B de Muniz
- Wood and Forestry Science Center (PPGEF), Federal University of Paraná, Lothário Meissner 900, 80210-170 Curitiba, Brazil
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Abstract
This review covers the latest developments and challenges in the field of broad-spectrum sunscreens and how sunscreens based on lignin address their requirements in terms of sunlight protection, antioxidants, and preservatives.
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45
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Herrera R, Hemming J, Smeds A, Gordobil O, Willför S, Labidi J. Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Hazelnuts and Walnuts Shells: Quantitative-Qualitative Analysis and Chromatographic Purification. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1363. [PMID: 32987840 PMCID: PMC7600730 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazelnut (HS) and walnut (WS) shells, an abundant by-product of the processing industries of these edible nuts, are traditionally considered as a low-value waste. However, they are a source of valuable compounds with an interesting chemical profile for the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study, the lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts present in HS and WS were quantified and identified, then the polar fractions were chromatographically separated, and their antioxidant capacity was studied. The experimental work includes the isolation of crude lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts by an accelerated extraction process, chromatographic analysis (gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID), GC-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC)), and quantification of the components. In addition, a thorough compositional characterization of the subgroups obtained by flash chromatography and their antioxidant capacity was carried out. The gravimetric concentrations showed different lipophilic/hydrophilic ratios (0.70 for HS and 0.23 for WS), indicating a higher proportion of polar compounds in WS than in HS. Moreover, the lipophilic extracts were principally composed of short-chain fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, and oleic acid), triglycerides, and sterols. The polar fractions were screened by thin-layer chromatography and then separated by flash chromatography, obtaining fractions free of fatty acids and sugar derivatives (97:3 in HS and 95:5 in WS), and mixtures richer in phenolic compounds and flavonoids such as guaiacyl derivatives, quercetin, pinobanksin, and catechin. The most polar fractions presented a higher antioxidant capacity than that of the crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Herrera
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
| | - Jarl Hemming
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland; (J.H.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Annika Smeds
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland; (J.H.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
| | | | - Stefan Willför
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland; (J.H.); (A.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;
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Budnyak TM, Slabon A, Sipponen MH. Lignin-Inorganic Interfaces: Chemistry and Applications from Adsorbents to Catalysts and Energy Storage Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4344-4355. [PMID: 32096608 PMCID: PMC7540583 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one the most fascinating natural polymers due to its complex aromatic-aliphatic structure. Phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups along with other functional groups provide technical lignins with reactivity and amphiphilic character. Many different lignins have been used as functional agents to facilitate the synthesis and stabilization of inorganic materials. Herein, the use of lignin in the synthesis and chemistry of inorganic materials in selected applications with relevance to sustainable energy and environmental fields is reviewed. In essence, the combination of lignin and inorganic materials creates an interface between soft and hard materials. In many cases it is either this interface or the external lignin surface that provides functionality to the hybrid and composite materials. This Minireview closes with an overview on future directions for this research field that bridges inorganic and lignin materials for a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana M. Budnyak
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16CSE-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16CSE-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16CSE-106 91StockholmSweden
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Vostrejs P, Adamcová D, Vaverková MD, Enev V, Kalina M, Machovsky M, Šourková M, Marova I, Kovalcik A. Active biodegradable packaging films modified with grape seeds lignin. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29202-29213. [PMID: 35521111 PMCID: PMC9055960 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable packaging materials represent one possible solution for how to reduce the negative environmental impact of plastics. The main idea of this work was to investigate the possibility of utilizing grape seed lignin for the modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates with the use of its antioxidant capacity in packaging films. For this purpose, polymeric films based on the blend of high crystalline poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) were prepared. PHB/PHA films displayed Young modulus of 240 MPa, tensile strength at a maximum of 6.6 MPa and elongation at break of 95.2%. The physical properties of PHB/PHA films were modified by the addition of 1-10 wt% of grape seeds lignin (GS-L). GS-L lignin showed a high antioxidant capacity: 238 milligrams of Trolox equivalents were equal to one gram of grape seeds lignin. The incorporation of grape seeds lignin into PHB/PHA films positively influenced their gas barrier properties, antioxidant activity and biodegradability. The values of oxygen and carbon dioxide transition rate of PHB/PHA with 1 wt% of GS-L were 7.3 and 36.3 cm3 m-2 24 h 0.1 MPa, respectively. The inhibition percentage of the ABTS radical determined in PHB/PHA/GS-L was in the range of 29.2% to 100% depending on the lignin concentration. The biodegradability test carried out under controlled composting environment for 90 days showed that the PHB/PHA film with 50 w/w% of amorphous PHA reached the degradability degree of 68.8% being about 26.6% higher decomposition than in the case of neat high crystalline PHB film. The degradability degree of PHA films in compost within the tested period reflected the modification of the semi-crystalline character and varied with the incorporated lignin. From the toxicological point of view, the composts obtained after biodegradation of PHA films proved the non-toxicity of PHB/PHA/GS-L materials and its degradation products showed a positive effect on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vostrejs
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Dana Adamcová
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Daria Vaverková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Nowoursynowska 159m 02 776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Vojtech Enev
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalina
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michal Machovsky
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Třída Tomáše Bati 5678 760 01 Zlin Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šourková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Marova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Kovalcik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Widsten P, Tamminen T, Liitiä T. Natural Sunscreens Based on Nanoparticles of Modified Kraft Lignin (CatLignin). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13438-13446. [PMID: 32548532 PMCID: PMC7288714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Commercial chemical sunscreens have a high content of synthetic ultraviolet (UV) actives that have caused widespread damage to marine ecosystems and may have adverse health effects in humans. In the present work, safer bio-based sunscreens with lignin UV absorbers were developed to address this issue. Partly demethylated and otherwise altered kraft lignins, the so-called CatLignins with abundant phenolic hydroxyl auxochromes and catechol units, outperformed regular kraft lignins as sunscreen UV absorbers in terms of sun protection factor (UVB-SPF) and UVA-UVB transmittance. Converting lignins to nanoparticles significantly enhanced sunscreen performance. The best lignin sunscreen, containing nanoparticles of hardwood CatLignin, had a UV transmittance of only 0.5-3.8% over the entire UVA-UVB region compared to 2.7-51.1% of a commercial SPF 15 sunscreen. Lignin-based sunscreens are particularly suitable for dark-tinted SPF cosmetics.
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49
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da Silva SHF, Gordobil O, Labidi J. Organic acids as a greener alternative for the precipitation of hardwood kraft lignins from the industrial black liquor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:583-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Ghosh A, Kim K, Rajan K, Bowland CC, Gurram RN, Montgomery RW, Manesh A, Labbé N, Naskar AK. Butanol-Based Organosolv Lignin and Reactive Modification of Poly(ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate). Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ghosh
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Carbon and Composites Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Keonhee Kim
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kalavathy Rajan
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Christopher C. Bowland
- Carbon and Composites Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Raghu N. Gurram
- American Science and Technology, Wausau, Wisconsin 54401, United States
- Attis Innovations LLC, Attis Industries, Milton, Georgia 30004, United States
| | | | - Ali Manesh
- American Science and Technology, Wausau, Wisconsin 54401, United States
- Attis Innovations LLC, Attis Industries, Milton, Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Nicole Labbé
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Amit K. Naskar
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Carbon and Composites Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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