1
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Cheng Z, Benson S, Mendive-Tapia L, Nestoros E, Lochenie C, Seah D, Chang KY, Feng Y, Vendrell M. Enzyme-Activatable Near-Infrared Hemicyanines as Modular Scaffolds for in vivo Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404587. [PMID: 38717316 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an anti-cancer treatment that requires illumination of photosensitizers to induce local cell death. Current near-infrared organic photosensitizers are built from large and non-modular structures that cannot be tuned to improve safety and minimize off-target toxicity. This work describes a novel chemical platform to generate enzyme-activatable near-infrared photosensitizers. We optimized the Se-bridged hemicyanine scaffold to include caging groups and biocompatible moieties, and generated cathepsin-triggered photosensitizers for effective ablation of human glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that enzyme-activatable Se-bridged hemicyanines are effective photosensitizers for the safe ablation of microtumors in vivo, creating new avenues in the chemical design of targeted anti-cancer photodynamic therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleni Nestoros
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles Lochenie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deborah Seah
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kai Yee Chang
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Sellet N, Frey J, Cormier M, Goddard JP. Near-infrared photocatalysis with cyanines: synthesis, applications and perspectives. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8639-8650. [PMID: 38873079 PMCID: PMC11168079 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanines are organic dyes bearing two aza-heterocycles linked by a polymethine chain. Excited states, fluorescence, redox activity, and energy transfer are interesting properties of cyanines which have been used by chemists. Moreover, they are easily accessible and highly tunable. For all these reasons, cyanines are often selected for applications like fluorescent probes, phototherapy and photovoltaics. However, considering cyanines as photocatalysts is a new field of investigation and has been sparsely reported in the literature. This field of research has been launched on the basis of near-infrared light photocatalysis. With a deeper NIR light penetration, the irradiation is compatible with biological tissues. Due to the longer wavelengths that are involved, the safety of the operator can be guaranteed. In this perspective review, the photophysical/redox properties of cyanines are reported as well as their preparations and applications in modern synthetic approaches. Finally, recent examples of cyanine-based NIR-photocatalysis are discussed including photopolymerization and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Johanna Frey
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
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3
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de Moliner F, Nadal-Bufi F, Vendrell M. Recent advances in minimal fluorescent probes for optical imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102458. [PMID: 38670028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have revolutionized biological imaging by enabling the real-time visualization of cellular processes under physiological conditions. However, their size and potential perturbative nature can pose challenges in retaining the integrity of biological functions. This manuscript highlights recent advancements in the development of small fluorescent probes for optical imaging studies. Single benzene-based fluorophores offer versatility with minimal disruption, exhibiting diverse properties like aggregation-induced emission and pH responsiveness. Fluorescent nucleobases enable precise labeling of nucleic acids without compromising function, offering high sensitivity and compatibility with biochemistry studies. Bright yet small fluorescent amino acids provide an interesting alternative to bulky fusion proteins, facilitating non-invasive imaging of cellular events with high precision. These miniaturized fluorophores promise enhanced capabilities for studying biological systems in a non-invasive manner, fostering further innovations in molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio de Moliner
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK; IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ferran Nadal-Bufi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK; IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK; IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK.
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4
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Bertolini M, Mendive-Tapia L, Ghashghaei O, Reese A, Lochenie C, Schoepf AM, Sintes M, Tokarczyk K, Nare Z, Scott AD, Knight SR, Aithal AR, Sachdeva A, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Nonperturbative Fluorogenic Labeling of Immunophilins Enables the Wash-free Detection of Immunosuppressants. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:969-977. [PMID: 38799658 PMCID: PMC11117681 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressants are clinically approved drugs to treat the potential rejection of transplanted organs and require frequent monitoring due to their narrow therapeutic window. Immunophilins are small proteins that bind immunosuppressants with high affinity, yet there are no examples of fluorogenic immunophilins and their potential application as optical biosensors for immunosuppressive drugs in clinical biosamples. In the present work, we designed novel diazonium BODIPY salts for the site-specific labeling of tyrosine residues in peptides via solid-phase synthesis as well as for late-stage functionalization of whole recombinant proteins. After the optimization of a straightforward one-step labeling procedure for immunophilins PPIA and FKBP12, we demonstrated the application of a fluorogenic analogue of FKBP12 for the selective detection of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus, including experiments in urine samples from patients with functioning renal transplants. This chemical methodology opens new avenues to rationally design wash-free immunophilin-based biosensors for rapid therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bertolini
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Abigail Reese
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Charles Lochenie
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Anna M. Schoepf
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Miquel Sintes
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Karolina Tokarczyk
- Concept
Life Sciences Ltd, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, U.K.
| | - Zandile Nare
- Concept
Life Sciences Ltd, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, U.K.
| | - Andrew D. Scott
- Concept
Life Sciences Ltd, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, U.K.
| | - Stephen R. Knight
- Renal
Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, U.K.
| | - Advait R. Aithal
- School of
Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Amit Sachdeva
- School of
Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
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5
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Lochenie C, Duncan S, Zhou Y, Fingerhut L, Kiang A, Benson S, Jiang G, Liu X, Mills B, Vendrell M. Photosensitizer-Amplified Antimicrobial Materials for Broad-Spectrum Ablation of Resistant Pathogens in Ocular Infections. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404107. [PMID: 38762778 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens and the scarcity of new potent antibiotics and antifungals are one of the biggest threats to human health. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) combines light and photosensitizers to kill drug-resistant pathogens; however, there are limited materials that can effectively ablate different classes of infective pathogens. In the present work, a new class of benzodiazole-paired materials is designed as highly potent PDT agents with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity upon illumination with nontoxic light. The results mechanistically demonstrate that the energy transfer and electron transfer between nonphotosensitive and photosensitive benzodiazole moieties embedded within pathogen-binding peptide sequences result in increased singlet oxygen generation and enhanced phototoxicity. Chemical optimization renders PEP3 as a novel PDT agent with remarkable activity against MDR bacteria and fungi as well as pathogens at different stages of development (e.g., biofilms, spores, and fungal hyphae), which also prove effective in an ex vivo porcine model of microbial keratitis. The chemical modularity of this strategy and its general compatibility with peptide-based targeting agents will accelerate the design of highly photosensitive materials for antimicrobial PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lochenie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sheelagh Duncan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Yanzi Zhou
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Leonie Fingerhut
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alex Kiang
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Bethany Mills
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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6
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Reese A, de Moliner F, Mendive-Tapia L, Benson S, Kuru E, Bridge T, Richards J, Rittichier J, Kitamura T, Sachdeva A, McSorley HJ, Vendrell M. Inserting "OFF-to-ON" BODIPY Tags into Cytokines: A Fluorogenic Interleukin IL-33 for Real-Time Imaging of Immune Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:143-154. [PMID: 38292608 PMCID: PMC10823590 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The essential functions that cytokine/immune cell interactions play in tissue homeostasis and during disease have prompted the molecular design of targeted fluorophores to monitor their activity in real time. Whereas activatable probes for imaging immune-related enzymes are common, many immunological functions are mediated by binding events between cytokines and their cognate receptors that are hard to monitor by live-cell imaging. A prime example is interleukin-33 (IL-33), a key cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity, whose interaction with the ST2 cell-surface receptor results in downstream signaling and activation of NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. In the present work, we have designed a chemical platform to site-specifically introduce OFF-to-ON BODIPY fluorophores into full cytokine proteins and generate the first nativelike fluorescent analogues of IL-33. Among different incorporation strategies, chemical aminoacylation followed by bioorthogonal derivatization led to the best labeling results. Importantly, the BODIPY-labeled IL-33 derivatives-unlike IL-33-GFP constructs-exhibited ST2-specific binding and downstream bioactivity profiles comparable to those of the wild-type interleukin. Real-time fluorescence microscopy assays under no wash conditions confirmed the internalization of IL-33 through ST2 receptors and its intracellular trafficking through the endosomal pathway. We envision that the modularity and versatility of our BODIPY labeling platform will facilitate the synthesis of minimally tagged fluorogenic cytokines as the next generation of imaging reagents for real-time visualization of signaling events in live immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail
E. Reese
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Benson
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erkin Kuru
- Department
of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas Bridge
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Richards
- Division
of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Rittichier
- Department
of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- Centre
for Reproductive Health, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Sachdeva
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J. McSorley
- Division
of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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7
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Yu X, Wu Y, Tang W, Duan X. A lysosome-targeted triazole near-infrared cyanine fluorescent probe for in vivo long-term cell tracking. Analyst 2023; 148:5117-5123. [PMID: 37675662 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01238g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In vivo visualization of cell migration and engraftment in small animals provides crucial information for the development and clinical translation of cell-based therapies. Therefore, a good quality near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe with high optical properties and excellent cellular retention ability is desired for in vivo cell tracking. Herein, we designed and synthesized a lysosome-targeted triazole NIR cyanine fluorescent probe, named IR780-NT-NH2, for in vivo long-term cell tracking. For the design, the heptamethine cyanine dye IR780 was used as the NIR fluorescent skeleton to ensure that the absorption and emission wavelengths fall within the NIR window. The substituent N-triazole group endowed the probe with high photostability and brightness. It has a quantum yield of 17.3% and the brightness remained above 85% after continuous illumination for 30 min. Due to the primary amine docking group, IR780-NT-NH2 has excellent lysosomal targeting and retention abilities as it becomes protonated in an acidic environment. The strong signal strength of IR780-NT-NH2 was maintained in well-shaped cells after an additional 12 h incubation. Moreover, this NIR probe exhibited ideal cellular permeability and biosafety. Finally, we realized long-term cell tracking with IR780-NT-NH2 labeled PC-3 cells using a NIR imaging system. The present study provides evidence that IR780-NT-NH2 exhibits ideal optical properties, excellent cellular permeation and retention, and good biosafety, which are useful for in vivo long-term observation of cells, and thus it shows promising potential for visualization in cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinrui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Bertolini M, Wong MS, Mendive-Tapia L, Vendrell M. Smart probes for optical imaging of T cells and screening of anti-cancer immunotherapies. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5352-5372. [PMID: 37376918 PMCID: PMC10424634 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
T cells are an essential part of the immune system with crucial roles in adaptive response and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Depending on their microenvironment, T cells can be differentiated into multiple states with distinct functions. This myriad of cellular activities have prompted the development of numerous smart probes, ranging from small molecule fluorophores to nanoconstructs with variable molecular architectures and fluorescence emission mechanisms. In this Tutorial Review, we summarize recent efforts in the design, synthesis and application of smart probes for imaging T cells in tumors and inflammation sites by targeting metabolic and enzymatic biomarkers as well as specific surface receptors. Finally, we briefly review current strategies for how smart probes are employed to monitor the response of T cells to anti-cancer immunotherapies. We hope that this Review may help chemists, biologists and immunologists to design the next generation of molecular imaging probes for T cells and anti-cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bertolini
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Mendive‐Tapia L, Miret‐Casals L, Barth ND, Wang J, de Bray A, Beltramo M, Robert V, Ampe C, Hodson DJ, Madder A, Vendrell M. Acid-Resistant BODIPY Amino Acids for Peptide-Based Fluorescence Imaging of GPR54 Receptors in Pancreatic Islets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302688. [PMID: 36917014 PMCID: PMC10947197 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled kisspeptin receptor (GPR54 or KISS1R) is an important mediator in reproduction, metabolism and cancer biology; however, there are limited fluorescent probes or antibodies for direct imaging of these receptors in cells and intact tissues, which can help to interrogate their multiple biological roles. Herein, we describe the rational design and characterization of a new acid-resistant BODIPY-based amino acid (Trp-BODIPY PLUS), and its implementation for solid-phase synthesis of fluorescent bioactive peptides. Trp-BODIPY PLUS retains the binding capabilities of both short linear and cyclic peptides and displays notable turn-on fluorescence emission upon target binding for wash-free imaging. Finally, we employed Trp-BODIPY PLUS to prepare some of the first fluorogenic kisspeptin-based probes and visualized the expression and localization of GPR54 receptors in human cells and in whole mouse pancreatic islets by fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laia Miret‐Casals
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University9000GhentBelgium
| | - Nicole D. Barth
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Jinling Wang
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Anne de Bray
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOX3 7LEOxfordUK
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- Equipe Neuroendocrinologie Moleculaire de la ReproductionPhysiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsCentre INRA Val de Loire37380NouzillyFrance
| | - Vincent Robert
- Equipe Neuroendocrinologie Moleculaire de la ReproductionPhysiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsCentre INRA Val de Loire37380NouzillyFrance
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biomolecular MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University9052GhentBelgium
| | - David J. Hodson
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOX3 7LEOxfordUK
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University9000GhentBelgium
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
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10
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Mendive‐Tapia L, Miret‐Casals L, Barth ND, Wang J, de Bray A, Beltramo M, Robert V, Ampe C, Hodson DJ, Madder A, Vendrell M. Acid-Resistant BODIPY Amino Acids for Peptide-Based Fluorescence Imaging of GPR54 Receptors in Pancreatic Islets. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 135:e202302688. [PMID: 38516305 PMCID: PMC10952496 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202302688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled kisspeptin receptor (GPR54 or KISS1R) is an important mediator in reproduction, metabolism and cancer biology; however, there are limited fluorescent probes or antibodies for direct imaging of these receptors in cells and intact tissues, which can help to interrogate their multiple biological roles. Herein, we describe the rational design and characterization of a new acid-resistant BODIPY-based amino acid (Trp-BODIPY PLUS), and its implementation for solid-phase synthesis of fluorescent bioactive peptides. Trp-BODIPY PLUS retains the binding capabilities of both short linear and cyclic peptides and displays notable turn-on fluorescence emission upon target binding for wash-free imaging. Finally, we employed Trp-BODIPY PLUS to prepare some of the first fluorogenic kisspeptin-based probes and visualized the expression and localization of GPR54 receptors in human cells and in whole mouse pancreatic islets by fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laia Miret‐Casals
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University9000GhentBelgium
| | - Nicole D. Barth
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Jinling Wang
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Anne de Bray
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOX3 7LEOxfordUK
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- Equipe Neuroendocrinologie Moleculaire de la ReproductionPhysiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsCentre INRA Val de Loire37380NouzillyFrance
| | - Vincent Robert
- Equipe Neuroendocrinologie Moleculaire de la ReproductionPhysiologie de la Reproduction et des ComportementsCentre INRA Val de Loire37380NouzillyFrance
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biomolecular MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University9052GhentBelgium
| | - David J. Hodson
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM)Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOX3 7LEOxfordUK
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University9000GhentBelgium
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
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11
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Zhu J, He G, Chen PH, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Lei S, Zhang Y, Li M, Huang P, Lin J. Terpyridine-Grafted Nitrogen-Terminal Endowing Cyanine with Metal-Ion-Regulated Photophysical Properties for Cancer Theranostics. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0061. [PMID: 36930757 PMCID: PMC10013959 DOI: 10.34133/research.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heptamethine cyanines (Cy7) are one of the most important dyes in bioimaging and phototherapy, but they often suffer from poor photostability or limited photothermal conversion efficiency. Here, a facile molecular engineering approach to regulating the photophysical properties of Cy7 by metal ions is demonstrated. By innovatively modifying the nitrogen with functional groups, a novel terpyridine-grafted nitrogen-terminated Cy7 scaffold (denoted as CydtPy) was synthesized and exhibited tunable photophysical properties when chelating with various metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, etc.). In comparison with metal-ion-free PEGylated CydtPy (LET-11), Mn2+-chelated LET-11 (namely, LET-11-Mn) exhibited the increased fluorescence emission intensity, and Fe2+-chelated LET-11 (namely, LET-11-Fe) showed the enhanced photostability with ~2-fold increase in photothermal conversion efficiency. By simply switching the chelated metal ion species, LET-11-Mn or LET-11-Fe could be used for near-infrared fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, or photoacoustic imaging. Furthermore, LET-11-Fe displayed superior synergistic efficacy of photothermal therapy and chemodynamic therapy both in vitro and in vivo. This work not only provides a new strategy for regulating the photophysical properties of cyanine dyes but also establishes a versatile nanoplatform for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhu
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gang He
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng-Hang Chen
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Meng Li
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
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12
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Exner R, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Ge H, Pourzand C, Pascu SI. Unraveling the Chemistry of meso-Cl Tricarbocyanine Dyes in Conjugation Reactions for the Creation of Peptide Bonds. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:642-654. [PMID: 36573095 PMCID: PMC9782398 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbocyanine dyes have become popular tools in life sciences and medicine. Their near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence makes them ideal agents for imaging of thick specimens or in vivo imaging, e.g., in fluorescence-guided surgery. Among other types of cyanine dyes, meso-Cl tricarbocyanine dyes have received a surge of interest, as it emerged that their high reactivity makes them inherently tumor-targeting. As such, significant research efforts have focused on conjugating these to functional moieties. However, the syntheses generally suffer from low yields. Hereby, we report on the reaction of meso-Cl dyes with a small selection of coupling reagents to give the corresponding keto-polymethines, potentially explaining low yields and the prevalence of monofunctionalized cyanine conjugates in the current state of the art of functional near-infrared dyes. We present the synthesis and isolation of the first keto-polymethine-based conjugate and present preliminary investigation in the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 by confocal microscopy and discuss changes to optical properties in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger
M. Exner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University
of Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,
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13
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Barth ND, Van Dalen FJ, Karmakar U, Bertolini M, Mendive‐Tapia L, Kitamura T, Verdoes M, Vendrell M. Enzyme-Activatable Chemokine Conjugates for In Vivo Targeting of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202207508. [PMID: 38505293 PMCID: PMC10946784 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Increased levels of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are indicators of poor prognosis in most cancers. Although antibodies and small molecules blocking the recruitment of macrophages to tumors are under evaluation as anticancer therapies, these strategies are not specific for macrophage subpopulations. Herein we report the first enzyme-activatable chemokine conjugates for effective targeting of defined macrophage subsets in live tumors. Our constructs exploit the high expression of chemokine receptors (e.g., CCR2) and the activity of cysteine cathepsins in TAMs to target these cells selectively over other macrophages and immune cells (e.g., neutrophils, T cells, B cells). Furthermore, we demonstrate that cathepsin-activatable chemokines are compatible with both fluorescent and therapeutic cargos, opening new avenues in the design of targeted theranostic probes for immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Barth
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghUK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Floris J. Van Dalen
- Dept. Tumor Immunology and Institute for Chemical ImmunologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Utsa Karmakar
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | - Martijn Verdoes
- Dept. Tumor Immunology and Institute for Chemical ImmunologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghUK
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14
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Barth ND, Van Dalen FJ, Karmakar U, Bertolini M, Mendive‐Tapia L, Kitamura T, Verdoes M, Vendrell M. Enzyme-Activatable Chemokine Conjugates for In Vivo Targeting of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207508. [PMID: 35993914 PMCID: PMC9826351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are indicators of poor prognosis in most cancers. Although antibodies and small molecules blocking the recruitment of macrophages to tumors are under evaluation as anticancer therapies, these strategies are not specific for macrophage subpopulations. Herein we report the first enzyme-activatable chemokine conjugates for effective targeting of defined macrophage subsets in live tumors. Our constructs exploit the high expression of chemokine receptors (e.g., CCR2) and the activity of cysteine cathepsins in TAMs to target these cells selectively over other macrophages and immune cells (e.g., neutrophils, T cells, B cells). Furthermore, we demonstrate that cathepsin-activatable chemokines are compatible with both fluorescent and therapeutic cargos, opening new avenues in the design of targeted theranostic probes for immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Barth
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghUK,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Floris J. Van Dalen
- Dept. Tumor Immunology and Institute for Chemical ImmunologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Utsa Karmakar
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | - Martijn Verdoes
- Dept. Tumor Immunology and Institute for Chemical ImmunologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghUK
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15
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Fernandez A, Kielland N, Makda A, Carragher NO, González-García MC, Espinar-Barranco L, González-Vera JA, Orte A, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. A multicomponent reaction platform towards multimodal near-infrared BODIPY dyes for STED and fluorescence lifetime imaging. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1251-1259. [PMID: 36320886 PMCID: PMC9533399 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a platform combining multicomponent reaction synthesis and automated cell-based screening to develop biocompatible NIR-BODIPY fluorophores. From a library of over 60 fluorophores, we optimised compound NIRBD-62c as a multimodal probe with suitable properties for STED super-resolution and fluorescence lifetime imaging. Furthermore, we employed NIRBD-62c for imaging trafficking inside cells and to examine how pharmacological inhibitors can alter the vesicular traffic between intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Dpt Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia Spain
| | - Nicola Kielland
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona Spain
| | - Ashraff Makda
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | | | - Juan A González-Vera
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Angel Orte
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona Spain
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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16
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Thomas CN, Alfahad N, Capewell N, Cowley J, Hickman E, Fernandez A, Harrison N, Qureshi OS, Bennett N, Barnes NM, Dick AD, Chu CJ, Liu X, Denniston AK, Vendrell M, Hill LJ. Triazole-derivatized near-infrared cyanine dyes enable local functional fluorescent imaging of ocular inflammation. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114623. [PMID: 36029662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) chemical fluorophores are promising tools for in-vivo imaging in real time but often succumb to rapid photodegradation. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only NIR dye with regulatory approval for ocular imaging in humans; however, ICG, when employed for applications such as labelling immune cells, has limited sensitivity and does not allow precise detection of specific inflammatory events, for example leukocyte recruitment during uveitic flare-ups. We investigated the potential use of photostable novel triazole NIR cyanine (TNC) dyes for detecting and characterising activated T-cell activity within the eye. Three TNC dyes were evaluated for ocular cytotoxicity in-vitro using a MTT assay and optimised concentrations for intraocular detection within ex-vivo porcine eyes after topical application or intracameral injections of the dyes. TNC labelled T-cell tracking experiments and mechanistic studies were also performed in-vitro. TNC-1 and TNC-2 dyes exhibited greater fluorescence intensity than ICG at 10 μM, whereas TNC-3 was only detectable at 100 μM within the porcine eye. TNC dyes did not demonstrate any ocular cell toxicity at working concentrations of 10 μM. CD4+T-cells labelled with TNC-1 or TNC-2 were detected within the porcine eye, with TNC-1 being brighter than TNC-2. Detection of TNC-1 and TNC-2 into CD4+T-cells was prevented by prior incubation with dynole 34-2 (50 μM), suggesting active uptake of these dyes via dynamin-dependent processes. The present study provides evidence that TNC dyes are suitable to detect activated CD4+T-cells within the eye with potential as a diagnostic marker for ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe N Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Nada Alfahad
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Capewell
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jamie Cowley
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleanor Hickman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antonio Fernandez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neale Harrison
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Omar S Qureshi
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naomi Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin J Chu
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK; Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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17
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Kang H, Kang MW, Kashiwagi S, Choi HS. NIR fluorescence imaging and treatment for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004936. [PMID: 35858710 PMCID: PMC9305898 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most powerful anticancer therapies. However, the details on the interaction between tumors and the immune system are complicated and still poorly understood. Optical fluorescence imaging is a technique that allows for the visualization of fluorescence-labeled immune cells and monitoring of the immune response during immunotherapy. To this end, near-infrared (NIR) light has been adapted for optical fluorescence imaging because it is relatively safe and simple without hazardous ionizing radiation and has relatively deeper tissue penetration into living organisms than visible fluorescence light. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art NIR optical imaging techniques in cancer immunotherapy to observe the dynamics, efficacy, and responses of the immune components in living organisms. The use of bioimaging labeling techniques will give us an understanding of how the immune system is primed and ultimately developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min-Woong Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Yokomizo S, Henary M, Buabeng ER, Fukuda T, Monaco H, Baek Y, Manganiello S, Wang H, Kubota J, Ulumben AD, Lv X, Wang C, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Kang H, Bao K, Kashiwagi S, Choi HS. Topical pH Sensing NIR Fluorophores for Intraoperative Imaging and Surgery of Disseminated Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201416. [PMID: 35567348 PMCID: PMC9286000 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) aids surgeons with real-time visualization of small cancer foci and borders, which improves surgical and prognostic efficacy of cancer. Despite the steady advances in imaging devices, there is a scarcity of fluorophores available to achieve optimal FGS. Here, 1) a pH-sensitive near-infrared fluorophore that exhibits rapid signal changes in acidic tumor microenvironments (TME) caused by the attenuation of intramolecular quenching, 2) the inherent targeting for cancer based on chemical structure (structure inherent targeting, SIT), and 3) mitochondrial and lysosomal retention are reported. After topical application of PH08 on peritoneal tumor regions in ovarian cancer-bearing mice, a rapid fluorescence increase (< 10 min), and extended preservation of signals (> 4 h post-topical application) are observed, which together allow for the visualization of submillimeter tumors with a high tumor-to-background ratio (TBR > 5.0). In addition, PH08 is preferentially transported to cancer cells via organic anion transporter peptides (OATPs) and colocalizes in the mitochondria and lysosomes due to the positive charges, enabling a long retention time during FGS. PH08 not only has a significant impact on surgical and diagnostic applications but also provides an effective and scalable strategy to design therapeutic agents for a wide array of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State University100 Piedmont Avenue SEAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Emmanuel R. Buabeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State University100 Piedmont Avenue SEAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Takeshi Fukuda
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka City University Graduate School of Medicine1‐4‐3, AsahimachiAbeno‐kuOsaka545–8585Japan
| | - Hailey Monaco
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Sophia Manganiello
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Haoran Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jo Kubota
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Amy Daniel Ulumben
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Xiangmin Lv
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyVincent Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyVincent Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Kai Bao
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
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19
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Abstract
![]()
Optical
imaging has become an essential tool to study biomolecular
processes in live systems with unprecedented spatial resolution. New
fluorescent technologies and advances in optical microscopy have revolutionized
the ways in which we can study immune cells in real time. For example,
activatable fluorophores that emit signals after target recognition
have enabled direct imaging of immune cell function with enhanced
readouts and minimal background. In this Account, we summarize recent
advances in the chemical synthesis and implementation of activatable
fluorescent probes to monitor the activity and the role of immune
cells in different pathological processes, from infection to inflammatory
diseases or cancer. In addition to the contributions that our group
has made to this field, we review the most relevant literature disclosed
over the past decade, providing examples of different activatable
architectures and their application in diagnostics and drug discovery.
This Account covers the imaging of the three major cell types in the
immune system, that is, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
Attracted by the tunability and target specificity of peptides, many
groups have designed strategies based on fluorogenic peptides whose
fluorescence emission is regulated by the reaction with enzymes (e.g.,
MMPs, cathepsins, granzymes), or through Förster resonance
energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms. Selective imaging of immune cells
has been also achieved by targeting different intracellular metabolic
routes, such as lipid biogenesis. Other approaches involve the implementation
of diversity-oriented fluorescence libraries or the use of environmentally
sensitive fluorescent scaffolds (e.g., molecular rotors). Our group
has made important progress by constructing probes to image metastasis-associated
macrophages in tumors, apoptotic neutrophils, or cytotoxic natural
killer (NK) cells against cancer cells, among other examples. The
chemical probes covered in this Account have been successfully validated
in vitro in cell culture systems, and in vivo in relevant models of
inflammation and cancer. Overall, the range of chemical structures
and activation mechanisms reported to sense immune cell function is
remarkable. However, the emergence of new strategies based on new
molecular targets or activatable mechanisms that are yet to be discovered
will open the door to track unexplored roles of immune cells in different
biological systems. We anticipate that upcoming generations of activatable
probes will find applications in the clinic to help assessing immunotherapies
and advance precision medicine. We hope that this Account will evoke
new ideas and innovative work in the design of fluorescent probes
for imaging cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, U.K
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20
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Wang Y, Bai H, Miao Y, Weng J, Huang Z, Fu J, Zhang Y, Lin J, Ye D. Tailoring a Near‐Infrared Macrocyclization Scaffold Allows the Control of In Situ Self‐Assembly for Photoacoustic/PET Bimodal Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200369. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - He Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianhui Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jiayu Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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21
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Wang Y, Bai H, Miao Y, Weng J, Huang Z, Fu J, Zhang Y, Lin J, Ye D. Tailoring a Near‐Infrared Macrocyclization Scaffold Allows the Control of In Situ Self‐assembly for Photoacoustic/PET Bimodal Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - He Bai
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yinxing Miao
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianhui Weng
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zheng Huang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiayu Fu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine CHINA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine CHINA
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Chemistry 163 Xianlin Road, 210023 Nanjing CHINA
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22
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Rational Design and Synthesis of Large Stokes Shift 2,6-Sulphur-Disubstituted BODIPYs for Cell Imaging. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Five new disubstituted 2,6-thioaryl-BODIPY dyes were synthesized via selective aromatic electrophilic substitution from commercially available thiophenols. The analysis of the photophysical properties via absorption and emission spectroscopy showed unusually large Stokes shifts for BODIPY fluorophores (70–100 nm), which makes them suitable probes for bioimaging. Selected compounds were evaluated for labelling primary immune cells as well as different cancer cell lines using confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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23
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de Moliner F, Biazruchka I, Konsewicz K, Benson S, Singh S, Lee JS, Vendrell M. Near-infrared benzodiazoles as small molecule environmentally-sensitive fluorophores. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of fluorophores emitting in the near-infrared spectral window has gained increased attention given their suitable features for biological imaging. In this work, we have optimised a general and straightforward synthetic approach to prepare a small library of near-infrared-emitting C-bridged nitrobenzodiazoles using commercial precursors. C-bridged benzodiazoles have low molecular weight and neutral character as important features that are not common in most near-infrared dyes. We have investigated their fluorescence response in the presence of a wide array of 60 different biomolecules and identified compound 3i as a potential chemosensor to discriminate between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in aqueous media.
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24
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Scott J, Deng Q, Vendrell M. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Cancer-Associated Proteases. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1304-1317. [PMID: 34315210 PMCID: PMC8383269 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes capable of catalyzing protein breakdown, which is critical across many biological processes. There are several families of proteases, each of which perform key functions through the degradation of specific proteins. As our understanding of cancer improves, it has been demonstrated that several proteases can be overactivated during the progression of cancer and contribute to malignancy. Optical imaging systems that employ near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes to detect protease activity offer clinical promise, both for early detection of cancer as well as for the assessment of personalized therapy. In this Review, we review the design of NIR probes and their successful application for the detection of different cancer-associated proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie
I. Scott
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Qinyi Deng
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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25
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Uong TNT, Yoon MS, Lee KH, Hyun H, Nam TK, Min JJ, Nguyen HPQ, Kim SK. Live cell imaging of highly activated natural killer cells against human hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:799-809. [PMID: 34176769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Tracking administered natural killer (NK) cells in vivo is critical for developing an effective NK cell-based immunotherapy against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here the authors established a new molecular imaging using ex vivo-activated NK cells and investigated real-time biodistribution of administered NK cells during HCC progression. METHODS Ex vivo-expanded NK cells from healthy donors were labeled with a near-infrared lipophilic cytoplasmic dye, and their proliferation, surface receptor expression and cytotoxicity activity were evaluated. Human HCC HepG2 cells were implanted into the livers of NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. The authors administered 1,1'-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR)-labeled NK cells intravenously to non-tumor-bearing and intrahepatic HCC tumor-bearing NSG mice. Fluorescent imaging was performed using a fluorescence-labeled organism bioimaging instrument. Single cell suspensions from the resected organs were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The fluorescent DiR dye was nontoxic and did not affect the proliferation or surface receptor expression levels of the NK cells, even at high doses. The administered DiR-labeled NK cells immediately migrated to the lungs of the non-tumor-bearing NSG mice, with increased NK cell signals evident in the liver and spleen after 4 h. NK cells migrated to the intrahepatic tumor-bearing livers of both early- and late-stage HCC mice within 1 h of injection. In early-stage intrahepatic tumor-bearing mice, the fluorescence signal increased in the liver until 48 h post-injection and decreased 7 days after NK injection. In late-stage HCC, the NK cell fluorescence signal was the highest in the liver for 7 days after NK injection and persisted for 14 days. The purity of long-term persistent CD45+CD56+CD3- NK cells was highest in early- and late-stage HepG2-bearing liver compared with normal liver 2 weeks after NK injection, whereas highest purity was still observed in the lungs of non-tumor-bearing mice. In addition, Ki-67 expression was detected in migrated human NK cells in the liver and lung up to 72 h after administration. With HepG2 tumor progression, NK cells reduced the expression of NKp30 and NKG2D. CONCLUSIONS Administered NK cells were successfully tracked in vivo by labeling the NK cells with near-infrared DiR dye. Highly expanded, activated NK cells migrated rapidly to the tumor-bearing liver, where they persisted for 14 days after administration, with high purity of CD45+CD56+CD3- NK cells. Liver biodistribution and persistence of administered NK cells showed significantly different accumulation patterns during HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Keun Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Huy Phuoc Quang Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
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26
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Exner RM, Cortezon‐Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Explorations into the Effect of meso-Substituents in Tricarbocyanine Dyes: A Path to Diverse Biomolecular Probes and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6230-6241. [PMID: 32959963 PMCID: PMC7985877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymethine cyanine dyes have been widely recognized as promising chemical tools for a range of life science and biomedical applications, such as fluorescent staining of DNA and proteins in gel electrophoresis, fluorescence guided surgery, or as ratiometric probes for probing biochemical pathways. The photophysical properties of such dyes can be tuned through the synthetic modification of the conjugated backbone, for example, by altering aromatic cores or by varying the length of the conjugated polymethine chain. Alternative routes to shaping the absorption, emission, and photostability of dyes of this family are centered around the chemical modifications on the polymethine chain. This Minireview aims to discuss strategies for the introduction of substituents in the meso-position, their effect on the photophysical properties of these dyes and some structure-activity correlations which could help overcome common limitations in the state of the art in the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger M. Exner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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27
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Colas K, Doloczki S, Posada Urrutia M, Dyrager C. Prevalent Bioimaging Scaffolds: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Applications. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Colas
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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28
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Exner RM, Cortezon‐Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Explorations into the Effect of
meso
‐Substituents in Tricarbocyanine Dyes: A Path to Diverse Biomolecular Probes and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger M. Exner
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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29
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Ashoka AH, Kong SH, Seeliger B, Andreiuk B, Soares RV, Barberio M, Diana M, Klymchenko AS. Near-infrared fluorescent coatings of medical devices for image-guided surgery. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Ji Y, Jones C, Baek Y, Park GK, Kashiwagi S, Choi HS. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging in immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:121-134. [PMID: 32579891 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light possesses many suitable optophysical properties for medical imaging including low autofluorescence, deep tissue penetration, and minimal light scattering, which together allow for high-resolution imaging of biological tissue. NIR imaging has proven to be a noninvasive and effective real-time imaging methodology that provides a high signal-to-background ratio compared to other potential optical imaging modalities. In response to this, the use of NIR imaging has been extensively explored in the field of immunotherapy. To date, NIR fluorescence imaging has successfully offered reliable monitoring of the localization, dynamics, and function of immune responses, which are vital in assessing not only the efficacy but also the safety of treatments to design immunotherapies optimally. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research on NIR imaging of the immune response. We expect that the use of NIR imaging will expand further in response to the recent success in cancer immunotherapy. We will also offer our insights on how this technology will meet rapidly growing expectations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ji
- Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Catherine Jones
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - G Kate Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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31
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Chen M, Qin A, Lam JW, Tang BZ. Multifaceted functionalities constructed from pyrazine-based AIEgen system. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Reja SI, Minoshima M, Hori Y, Kikuchi K. Near-infrared fluorescent probes: a next-generation tool for protein-labeling applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:3437-3447. [PMID: 34163617 PMCID: PMC8179524 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes over the past few decades has changed the way that biomolecules are imaged, and thus represents one of the most rapidly progressing areas of research. Presently, NIR fluorescent probes are routinely used to visualize and understand intracellular activities. The ability to penetrate tissues deeply, reduced photodamage to living organisms, and a high signal-to-noise ratio characterize NIR fluorescent probes as efficient next-generation tools for elucidating various biological events. The coupling of self-labeling protein tags with synthetic fluorescent probes is one of the most promising research areas in chemical biology. Indeed, at present, protein-labeling techniques are not only used to monitor the dynamics and localization of proteins but also play a more diverse role in imaging applications. For instance, one of the dominant technologies employed in the visualization of protein activity and regulation is based on protein tags and their associated NIR fluorescent probes. In this mini-review, we will discuss the development of several NIR fluorescent probes used for various protein-tag systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahi Imam Reja
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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33
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Štacková L, Muchová E, Russo M, Slavíček P, Štacko P, Klán P. Deciphering the Structure–Property Relations in Substituted Heptamethine Cyanines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9776-9790. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štacková
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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34
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Li DH, Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Sterically Shielded Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for Bioconjugation and High Performance Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12154-12161. [PMID: 32324959 PMCID: PMC7473488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The near-infrared window of fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dyes greatly facilitates biological imaging because there is deep penetration of the light and negligible background fluorescence. However, dye instability, aggregation, and poor pharmacokinetics are current drawbacks that limit performance and the scope of possible applications. All these limitations are simultaneously overcome with a new molecular design strategy that produces a charge balanced and sterically shielded fluorochrome. The key design feature is a meso-aryl group that simultaneously projects two shielding arms directly over each face of a linear heptamethine polyene. Cell and mouse imaging experiments compared a shielded heptamethine cyanine dye (and several peptide and antibody bioconjugates) to benchmark heptamethine dyes and found that the shielded systems possess an unsurpassed combination of photophysical, physiochemical, and biodistribution properties that greatly enhance bioimaging performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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35
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Mendive‐Tapia L, Wang J, Vendrell M. Fluorescent cyclic peptides for cell imaging. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinling Wang
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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36
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Fluorescent amino acids as versatile building blocks for chemical biology. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:275-290. [PMID: 37127957 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores have transformed the way we study biological systems, enabling non-invasive studies in cells and intact organisms, which increase our understanding of complex processes at the molecular level. Fluorescent amino acids have become an essential chemical tool because they can be used to construct fluorescent macromolecules, such as peptides and proteins, without disrupting their native biomolecular properties. Fluorescent and fluorogenic amino acids with unique photophysical properties have been designed for tracking protein-protein interactions in situ or imaging nanoscopic events in real time with high spatial resolution. In this Review, we discuss advances in the design and synthesis of fluorescent amino acids and how they have contributed to the field of chemical biology in the past 10 years. Important areas of research that we review include novel methodologies to synthesize building blocks with tunable spectral properties, their integration into peptide and protein scaffolds using site-specific genetic encoding and bioorthogonal approaches, and their application to design novel artificial proteins, as well as to investigate biological processes in cells by means of optical imaging.
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37
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Li D, Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Sterically Shielded Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for Bioconjugation and High Performance Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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38
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Dou Y, Wang Y, Duan Y, Liu B, Hu Q, Shen W, Sun H, Zhu Q. Color‐Tunable Light‐up Bioorthogonal Probes for In Vivo Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging. Chemistry 2020; 26:4576-4582. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Dou
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yukun Duan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of General SurgeryJinhua Municipal Central Hospital Jinhua 321000 P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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39
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Wang Y, Weng J, Lin J, Ye D, Zhang Y. NIR Scaffold Bearing Three Handles for Biocompatible Sequential Click Installation of Multiple Functional Arms. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2787-2794. [PMID: 31944682 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) probes are ideal for fluorescence labeling and imaging of biological targets in living animals. However, the instability of common NIR dyes hampers the construction of NIR probes bearing multiple functional components such as biomolecules for specific targeting and imaging reagents for multimodality imaging. To overcome these limitations, we designed a novel NIR scaffold bearing two terminal alkynes as clickable handles and a chloride on the heptamethine backbone that allows nucleophilic substitution with an azide to generate the third clickable handle. This unique scaffold allows for facile installation of multiple functional arms for the construction of multifunctional NIR probes. Various biomacromolecules or imaging reagents can be introduced to the NIR scaffold by sequential one-pot click reactions under biocompatible conditions. The preclickable handle chloride on the NIR backbone does not interfere with the initial click reactions, and it can be easily transformed into an azide for a following click reaction. On the basis of this unique NIR scaffold, we developed a highly efficient method to construct diverse NIR probes containing multiple functional biomolecules including peptides, antibodies, nucleic acids, and NIR/PET (positron emission tomography) dual-modality imaging probes bearing tumor-targeting groups. NIR imaging or multimodality imaging using these probes was performed on live cells or tumor models on living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jianhui Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Ma X, Zhang C, Feng L, Liu SH, Tan Y, Yin J. Construction and bioimaging application of novel indole heptamethine cyanines containing functionalized tetrahydropyridine rings. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9906-9912. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IR780 as a commercially available dye with near-infrared emission has been extensively applied in fluorescent probes and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health
- College of Chemistry
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Lan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health
- College of Chemistry
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health
- College of Chemistry
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health
- College of Chemistry
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Lee SB, Han YR, Jeon HJ, Jun CH, Kim SK, Chin J, Lee SJ, Jeong M, Lee JE, Lee CH, Cho SJ, Kim DS, Jeon YH. Medical fluorophore 1 (MF1), a benzoquinolizinium-based fluorescent dye, as an inflammation imaging agent. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7326-7331. [PMID: 31681930 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based targeting of fluorescent dyes is essential for their use as imaging agents for disease diagnosis. Here, we describe the development of the benzoquinolizinium compound Medical fluorophore 1 (MF1) as a novel biomedical imaging agent that allows the visualization of inflammation by virtue of its unique chemical structure. Lipopolysaccharide treatment stimulated the uptake of MF1 by bone marrow-derived macrophages, with no adverse effects on cell proliferation. In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging revealed the accumulation of MF1 in carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory lesions in mice, which peaked at 6 h. MF1-based imaging also allowed monitoring of the response to the anti-inflammatory drugs dexamethasone and sulfasalazine. Thus, MF1 can be used to diagnose diseases characterized by inflammation as well as treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bong Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Ri Han
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui-Jeon Jeon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea and Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea and Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minseon Jeong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea and Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea and Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Wu D, Daly HC, Grossi M, Conroy E, Li B, Gallagher WM, Elmes R, O'Shea DF. RGD conjugated cell uptake off to on responsive NIR-AZA fluorophores: applications toward intraoperative fluorescence guided surgery. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6944-6956. [PMID: 31588261 PMCID: PMC6686729 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of NIR-fluorescence imaging to demarcate tumour boundaries for real-time guidance of their surgical resection has a huge untapped potential. However, fluorescence imaging using molecular fluorophores, even with a targeting biomolecule attached, has a major shortcoming of signal interference from non-specific background fluorescence outside the region of interest. This poor selectivity necessitates prolonged time delays to allow clearance of background fluorophore and retention within the tumour prior to image acquisition. In this report, an innovative approach to overcome this issue is described in which cancer targeted off to on bio-responsive NIR-fluorophores are utilised to switch-on first within the tumour. Bio-responsive cRGD, iRGD and PEG conjugates have been synthesised using activated ester/amine or maleimide/thiol couplings to link targeting and fluorophore components. Their off to on emission responses were measured and compared with an always-on non-responsive control with each bio-responsive derivative showing large fluorescence enhancement values. Live cell imaging experiments using metastatic breast cancer cells confirmed in vitro bio-responsive capabilities. An in vivo assessment of MDA-MB 231 tumour imaging performance for bio-responsive and always-on fluorophores was conducted with monitoring of fluorescence distributions over 96 h. As anticipated, the always-on fluorophore gave an immediate, non-specific and very strong emission throughout whereas the bio-responsive derivatives initially displayed very low fluorescence. All three bio-responsive derivatives switched on within tumours at time points consistent with their conjugated targeting groups. cRGD and iRGD conjugates both had effective tumour turn-on in the first hour, though the cRGD derivative had superior specificity for tumour over the iRGD conjugate. The pegylated derivative had similar switch-on characteristics but over a much longer period, taking 9 h before a significant emission was observable from the tumour. Evidence for in vivo active tumour targeting was obtained for the best performing cRGD bio-responsive NIR-AZA derivative from competitive binding studies. Overall, this cRGD-conjugate has the potential to overcome the inherent drawback of targeted always-on fluorophores requiring prolonged clearance times and shows excellent potential for clinical translation for intraoperative use in fluorescence guided tumour resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , RCSI , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Harrison C Daly
- Department of Chemistry , RCSI , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Marco Grossi
- Department of Chemistry , RCSI , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Emer Conroy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Bo Li
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Robert Elmes
- Department of Chemistry , Maynooth University Human Health Institute , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Ireland
| | - Donal F O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry , RCSI , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
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43
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Tian Y, Li Y, Jiang WL, Zhou DY, Fei J, Li CY. In-Situ Imaging of Azoreductase Activity in the Acute and Chronic Ulcerative Colitis Mice by a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10901-10907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Štacková L, Štacko P, Klán P. Approach to a Substituted Heptamethine Cyanine Chain by the Ring Opening of Zincke Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7155-7162. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štacková
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice
5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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45
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Li H, Li Y, Yao Q, Fan J, Sun W, Long S, Shao K, Du J, Wang J, Peng X. In situ imaging of aminopeptidase N activity in hepatocellular carcinoma: a migration model for tumour using an activatable two-photon NIR fluorescent probe. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1619-1625. [PMID: 30842824 PMCID: PMC6368242 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN), which is a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase, plays a vital role in the growth, migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumours. Thus, in situ molecular imaging of endogenous APN levels is considerably significant for investigating APN and its different functions. In this study, a novel two-photon near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe DCM-APN was prepared to perform in vitro and in vivo tracking of APN. The N-terminal alanyl site of probe DCM-APN was accurately hydrolysed to the amino group, thereby liberating strong fluorescence owing to the recovery of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) effect. By considering its outstanding selectivity, ultra-sensitivity (DL 0.25 ng mL-1) and favourable biocompatibility, the probe DCM-APN was used to distinguish between normal cells (LO2 cells) and cancer cells (HepG-2 and B16/BL6 cells). Furthermore, migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was apparently inhibited by ensuring that the APN catalytic cavity was occupied by bestatin. The identification of three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence in cancer tissues was completed under two-photon excitation coupled with lighting up hepatocellular carcinoma tumours in situ; this revealed that probe DCM-APN is an effective tool for detecting APN, thereby assisting in the early diagnosis of tumour in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
| | - Yueqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
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Zhao C, Mendive-Tapia L, Vendrell M. Fluorescent peptides for imaging of fungal cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 661:187-195. [PMID: 30465736 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections, especially with the advent of antimicrobial resistance, represent a major burden to our society. As a result, there has been an increasing interest in the development of new probes that accelerate the study of fungi-related biological processes and facilitate novel clinical diagnostic and treatment strategies. Fluorescence-based reporters can provide dynamic information at the molecular level with high spatial resolution. However, conventional fluorescent probes for microbes often suffer from low specificity. In the last decade, numerous studies have been reported on the chemical design and application of fluorescent peptides for both in vitro and in vivo imaging of fungal cells. In this article, we review different strategies used in the preparation of fluorescent peptides for pathogenic fungi as well as some of their applications in medical imaging and in mode-of-action mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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