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Ramanujam R, Hsu HL, Shi ZE, Lung CY, Lee CH, Wubie GZ, Chen CP, Sun SS. Interfacial Layer Materials with a Truxene Core for Dopant-Free NiO x-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310939. [PMID: 38453670 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiOx) is commonly used as a holetransporting material (HTM) in p-i-n perovskite solar cells. However, the weak chemical interaction between the NiOx and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) interface results in poor crystallinity, ineffective hole extraction, and enhanced carrier recombination, which are the leading causes for the limited stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, two HTMs, TRUX-D1 (N2,N7,N12-tris(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2,N7,N12-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1',2'-c]fluorene-2,7,12-triamine) and TRUX-D2 (5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2,N7,N12-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-N2,N7,N12-tris(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1',2'-c]fluorene-2,7,12-triamine), are designed with a rigid planar C3 symmetry truxene core integrated with electron-donating amino groups at peripheral positions. The TRUX-D molecules are employed as effective interfacial layer (IFL) materials between the NiOx and MAPbI3 interface. The incorporation of truxene-based IFLs improves the quality of perovskite crystallinity, minimizes nonradiative recombination, and accelerates charge extraction which has been confirmed by various characterization techniques. As a result, the TRUX-D1 exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 20.8% with an impressive long-term stability. The unencapsulated device retains 98% of their initial performance following 210 days of aging in a glove box and 75.5% for the device after 80 days under ambient air condition with humidity over 40% at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarathinam Ramanujam
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Lin Hsu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhong-En Shi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yu Lung
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Han Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Engineering and Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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2
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Wang W, Zhang J, Guo H, Pan Z, Rao H, Zhang G, Zhong X. Limitations and Progresses in Carbon-Based Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301761. [PMID: 38308586 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbIxBr3-x, 0≤x≤3) are promising alternatives with great thermal stability. Additionally, the choice of moisture-resistive and dopant-free carbon as the electrode material can simultaneously solve the problems of stability and cost. Therefore, carbon electrode-based inorganic PSCs (C-IPSCs) represent a promising candidate for commercialization, yet both the efficiencies and stability of related devices demand further progress. This article reviews the recent advancement of C-IPSCs and then unravels the distinctive merits and limitations in this field. Subsequently, our perspective on various modification strategies is analyzed on a methodological level. Finally, this article outlooks the promising research contents and the remaining unresolved issues in this field. We believe that understanding and analyzing the related problems in this field are instructive to stimulate the future development of C-IPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, 512005, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, 512005, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, 512005, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, 512005, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huashang Rao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Cheng Q, Chen W, Li Y, Li Y. Recent Progress in Dopant-Free and Green Solvent-Processable Organic Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307152. [PMID: 38417119 PMCID: PMC11077692 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Dopant-free hole transport layers (HTLs) are crucial in enhancing perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs). Nevertheless, conventional processing of these HTL materials involves using toxic solvents, which gives rise to substantial environmental concerns and renders them unsuitable for large-scale industrial production. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop dopant-free HTL materials processed using green solvents to facilitate the production of high-performance pero-SCs. Recently, several strategies have been developed to simultaneously improve the solubility of these materials and regulate molecular stacking for high hole mobility. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the methodologies utilized in developing dopant-free HTL materials processed from green solvents is provided. First, the study provides a brief overview of fundamental information about green solvents and Hansen solubility parameters, which can serve as a guideline for the molecular design of optimal HTL materials. Second, the intrinsic relationships between molecular structure, solubility in green solvents, molecular stacking, and device performance are discussed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are presented along with the rational design of highly efficient, stable, and green solvent-processable dopant-free HTL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrong Cheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design andApplicationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
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Elawad M, Elbashir AA, Sajid M, John KI, Nimir H, Yang L, Ziyada AK, Osman A, Rajab F. Metal complex as p-type dopant-based organic spiro-OMeTAD hole-transporting material for free-Li-TFSI perovskite solar cells. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044707. [PMID: 38284656 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) is an efficient p-dopant that has been used to enhance the conductivity of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the performance of the corresponding devices is still not satisfactory due to the impact of Li-TFSI on the fill factor and the short-circuit current density of these PSCs. Herein, a new Mn complex [(Mn(Me-tpen)(ClO4)2-)]2+ was introduced as a p-type dopant into spiro-OMeTAD and was successfully applied as a hole transport material (HTM) for PSCs. Analytical studies used for device characterization included scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, current-voltage (IV) characteristics, incident photon to current efficiency, power conversion efficiency (PCE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectra displayed oxidation in the HTM by the addition of a dopant. Moreover, the movement of electrons from the higher orbital of the spiro-OMeTAD to the dopant stimulates the generation of the hole carriers in the HTM, enhancing its conductivity with outstanding long-term stability under mild conditions in a humid (RH ∼ 30%) environment. The incorporation of the Mn complex into the composite improved the material's properties and the stability of the fabricated devices. The Mn complex as a p-type dopant for spiro-OMeTAD exhibits a perceptible PCE of 16.39% with an enhanced conductivity of 98.13%. This finding may pave a rational way for developing efficient and stable PSCs in real environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Abdalla A Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, 64400 Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Kingsley Igenepo John
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
- Lab of Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Veritas University Abuja, PMB 5171, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hassan Nimir
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, 64400 Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Abobakr K Ziyada
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail Industrial City 31961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbagi Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Rajab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Afre RA, Pugliese D. Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review of the Latest Advances in Materials, Fabrication Techniques, and Stability Enhancement Strategies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:192. [PMID: 38398920 PMCID: PMC10890723 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining popularity due to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. In recent decades, noticeable research efforts have been devoted to improving the stability of these cells under ambient conditions. Moreover, researchers are exploring new materials and fabrication techniques to enhance the performance of PSCs under various environmental conditions. The mechanical stability of flexible PSCs is another area of research that has gained significant attention. The latest research also focuses on developing tin-based PSCs that can overcome the challenges associated with lead-based perovskites. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in materials, fabrication techniques, and stability enhancement strategies for PSCs. It discusses the recent progress in perovskite crystal structure engineering, device construction, and fabrication procedures that has led to significant improvements in the photo conversion efficiency of these solar devices. The article also highlights the challenges associated with PSCs such as their poor stability under ambient conditions and discusses various strategies employed to enhance their stability. These strategies include the use of novel materials for charge transport layers and encapsulation techniques to protect PSCs from moisture and oxygen. Finally, this article provides a critical assessment of the current state of the art in PSC research and discusses future prospects for this technology. This review concludes that PSCs have great potential as a low-cost alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells but require further research to improve their stability under ambient conditions in view of their definitive commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh A. Afre
- Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology (CoEN), Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University (AdtU), Guwahati 781026, Assam, India;
| | - Diego Pugliese
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
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6
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Kim G, Kim H, Kim M, Sin J, Kim M, Kim J, Zhou H, Kang SH, Oh HM, Yang J. Enhancing Surface Modification and Carrier Extraction in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via Self-Assembled Monolayers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:214. [PMID: 38276732 PMCID: PMC10821478 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been significantly improved by utilizing an inorganic hole-transporting layer (HTL), such as nickel oxide. Despite the promising properties, there are still limitations due to defects. Recently, research on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is being actively conducted, which shows promise in reducing defects and enhancing device performance. In this study, we successfully engineered a p-i-n perovskite solar cell structure utilizing HC-A1 and HC-A4 molecules. These SAM molecules were found to enhance the grain morphology and uniformity of the perovskite film, which are critical factors in determining optical properties and device performance. Notably, HC-A4 demonstrated superior performance due to its distinct hydrophilic properties with a contact angle of 50.3°, attributable to its unique functional groups. Overall, the HC-A4-applied film exhibited efficient carrier extraction properties, attaining a carrier lifetime of 117.33 ns. Furthermore, HC-A4 contributed to superior device performance, achieving the highest device efficiency of 20% and demonstrating outstanding thermal stability over 300 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisung Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KFE), Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyojung Kim
- The Institute of Basic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mijoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaegwan Sin
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Moonhoe Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaeho Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Haoran Zhou
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT), Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ho Kang
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT), Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Min Oh
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - JungYup Yang
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- The Institute of Basic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea;
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7
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Alkhudhayr EA, Sirbu D, Fsadni M, Vella B, Muhammad BT, Waddell PG, Probert MR, Penfold TJ, Hallam T, Gibson EA, Docampo P. Improving the Conductivity of Amide-Based Small Molecules through Enhanced Molecular Packing and Their Application as Hole Transport Mediators in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:11573-11582. [PMID: 38037633 PMCID: PMC10685326 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted substantial attention from the photovoltaic research community, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) already exceeding 26%. Current state-of-the-art devices rely on Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole-transporting material (HTM); however, Spiro-OMeTAD is costly due to its complicated synthesis and expensive product purification, while its low conductivity ultimately limits the achievable device efficiency. In this work, we build upon our recently introduced family of low-cost amide-based small molecules and introduce a molecule (termed TPABT) that results in high conductivity values (∼10-5 S cm-1 upon addition of standard ionic additives), outperforming our previous amide-based material (EDOT-Amide-TPA, ∼10-6 S cm-1) while only costing an estimated $5/g. We ascribe the increased optoelectronic properties to favorable molecular packing, as shown by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which results in close spacing between the triphenylamine blocks. This, in turn, results in a short hole-hopping distance between molecules and therefore good mobility and conductivity. In addition, TPABT exhibits a higher bandgap and is as a result more transparent in the visible range of the solar spectrum, leading to lower parasitic absorption losses than Spiro-OMeTAD, and has increased moisture stability. We applied the molecule in perovskite solar cells and obtained good efficiency values in the ∼15% range. Our approach shows that engineering better molecular packing may be the key to developing high-efficiency, low-cost HTMs for perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A.
A. Alkhudhayr
- Energy
Materials Laboratory, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
- Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building,Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Dumitru Sirbu
- Physics,
School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Miriam Fsadni
- Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building,Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Vella
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Bening T. Muhammad
- Energy
Materials Laboratory, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
- Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building,Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building,Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Michael R. Probert
- Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building,Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building,Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Toby Hallam
- Physics,
School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth A. Gibson
- Energy
Materials Laboratory, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
- Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building,Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Pablo Docampo
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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8
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Bui VKH, Nguyen TP. Advances in Hole Transport Materials for Layered Casting Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4443. [PMID: 38006166 PMCID: PMC10675163 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huge energy consumption and running out of fossil fuels has led to the advancement of renewable sources of power, including solar, wind, and tide. Among them, solar cells have been well developed with the significant achievement of silicon solar panels, which are popularly used as windows, rooftops, public lights, etc. In order to advance the application of solar cells, a flexible type is highly required, such as layered casting solar cells (LCSCs). Organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), or dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSCs) are promising LCSCs for broadening the application of solar energy to many types of surfaces. LCSCs would be cost-effective, enable large-scale production, are highly efficient, and stable. Each layer of an LCSC is important for building the complete structure of a solar cell. Within the cell structure (active material, charge carrier transport layer, electrodes), hole transport layers (HTLs) play an important role in transporting holes to the anode. Recently, diverse HTLs from inorganic, organic, and organometallic materials have emerged to have a great impact on the stability, lifetime, and performance of OSC, PSC, or DSSC devices. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of inorganic, organic, and organometallic HTLs for solar cells. Perspectives and challenges for HTL development and improvement are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Thang Phan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zainal Abidin NA, Arith F, Noorasid NS, Sarkawi H, Mustafa AN, Safie NE, Shah ASM, Azam MA, Chelvanathan P, Amin N. Dopant engineering for ZnO electron transport layer towards efficient perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33797-33819. [PMID: 38020037 PMCID: PMC10654892 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional electron transport layer (ETL) TiO2 has been widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have produced exceptional power conversion efficiencies (PCE), allowing the technology to be highly regarded and propitious. Nevertheless, the recent high demand for energy harvesters in wearable electronics, aerospace, and building integration has led to the need for flexible solar cells. However, the conventional TiO2 ETL layer is less preferred, where a crystallization process at a temperature as high as 450 °C is required, which degrades the plastic substrate. Zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) as a simple and low-cost fabrication material may fulfil the need as an ETL, but they still suffer from low PCE due to atomic defect vacancy. To delve into the issue, several dopants have been reviewed as an additive to passivate or substitute the Zn2+ vacancies, thus enhancing the charge transport mechanism. This work thereby unravels and provides a clear insight into dopant engineering in ZnO NRs ETL for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aliyah Zainal Abidin
- Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - Faiz Arith
- Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - N Syamimi Noorasid
- Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - Hafez Sarkawi
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - A Nizamuddin Mustafa
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - N E Safie
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - A S Mohd Shah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang Kuantan Pahang 26300 Malaysia
| | - M A Azam
- Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
- Center for Promotion of Educational Innovation, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | | | - Nowshad Amin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Science Engineering and Technology (USTC) Foy's Lake Chattogram 4202 Bangladesh
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10
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Nishimura N, Tachibana H, Katoh R, Kanda H, Murakami TN. Archetype-Cation-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid: Aliphatic Primary Ammonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as a Highly Functional Additive for a Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44859-44866. [PMID: 37688539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have attracted significant attention owing to their unique nature and a variety of potential applications. The archetypal RTIL comprising an aliphatic primary ammonium was discovered over a century ago, but this cation is seldom used in modern RTILs because other bulky cations (e.g., quaternary ammonium-, pyridine-, and imidazole-based cations) are prominent in current major applications, such as electrolytes and solvents, which require low and/or reversible reactivities. However, although the design of materials should change according to the intended application, RTIL designs remain conventional even when applied in unexplored fields, limiting their functions. Herein, RTIL consisting of an archetypal aliphatic primary ammonium (i.e., n-octylammonium: OA) cation and a modern bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion is proposed and demonstrated as a highly functional additive for a 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), which is the most common hole transport material (HTM), in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The OA-TFSI additive exhibits prominent functions via permanent reactions of the component ions with the PSC components, thus providing several advantages. The OA cations spontaneously and densely passivate the perovskite layer during the HTM deposition process, leading to both suppression of carrier recombination at the HTM/perovskite interface and hydrophobic perovskite surfaces. Meanwhile, the TFSI anions effectively improve the HTM function most likely via efficient stabilization of the Spiro-OMeTAD radical, enhancing hole collection properties in the PSCs. Consequently, PSC performances involving long-term stability were significantly improved using the OA-TFSI additive. Based on the present results, this study advocates that reconsidering the RTIL design, even when it differs from the current major designs yet is suitable for a target application, can provide functions superior to conventional ones. The insights obtained in this work will spur further study of RTIL designs and aid the development of the broad materials science field including PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Nishimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tachibana
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ryuzi Katoh
- College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takurou N Murakami
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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11
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Baumeler T, Saleh AA, Wani TA, Huang S, Jia X, Bai X, Abdi-Jalebi M, Arora N, Grätzel M, Dar MI. Champion Device Architectures for Low-Cost and Stable Single-Junction Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 5:2408-2421. [PMID: 37680545 PMCID: PMC10482147 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiencies (PCE), low energy payback time (EPBT), and low manufacturing costs render perovskite solar cells (PSCs) competitive; however, a relatively low operational stability impedes their large-scale deployment. In addition, state-of-the-art PSCs are made of expensive materials, including the organic hole transport materials (HTMs) and the noble metals used as the charge collection electrode, which induce degradation in PSCs. Thus, developing inexpensive alternatives is crucial to fostering the transition from academic research to industrial development. Combining a carbon-based electrode with an inorganic HTM has shown the highest potential and should replace noble metals and organic HTMs. In this review, we illustrate the incorporation of a carbon layer as a back contact instead of noble metals and inorganic HTMs instead of organic ones as two cornerstones for achieving optimal stability and economic viability for PSCs. We discuss the primary considerations for the selection of the absorbing layer as well as the electron-transporting layer to be compatible with the champion designs and ultimate architecture for single-junction PSCs. More studies regarding the long-term stability are still required. Using the recommended device architecture presented in this work would pave the way toward constructing low-cost and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baumeler
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Amina A. Saleh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Cairo Egypt
| | - Tajamul A. Wani
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Siming Huang
- Institute
for Materials Discovery, University College
London, Malet Place, London, WC1E
7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohan Jia
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Institute
for Materials Discovery, University College
London, Malet Place, London, WC1E
7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Neha Arora
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory
of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - M. Ibrahim Dar
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
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12
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Du G, Yang L, Dong P, Qi L, Che Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang J. Sequential Molecule-Doped Hole Conductor to Achieve >23% Perovskite Solar Cells with 3000-Hour Operational Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303692. [PMID: 37354138 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Although hole transport layers (HTLs) based on solution-processed doped Spiro-OMeTAD are extremely popular and effective for their remarkable performance in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their scalable application is still being held back by poor chemical stability and unsatisfied scalability. Essentially, the volatile components and hygroscopic nature of ionic salts often cause morphological deformation that deteriorate both device efficiency and stability. Herein, a simple and effective molecular implantation-assisted sequential doping (MISD) approach is strategically introduced to modulate spatial doping uniformity of organic films and fabricate all evaporated Spiro-OMeTAD layer in which phase-segregation free HTL is achieved accompanied with high molecular density, uniform doping composition, and superior optoelectronic characteristics. The resultant MISD-based devices attain a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, which represents the highest reported value among all the PSCs with evaporated HTLs. Simultaneously, the unencapsulated devices realize considerably enhanced stability by maintaining over 90% of their initial PCEs in the air for 5200 h and after working at maximum power point under illumination for 3000 h. This method provides a facile way to fabricate robust and reliable HTLs toward developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Du
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Peiyao Dong
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lianlian Qi
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuliang Che
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhou C, Lin L, Pei F, Xiao M, Yang X, Yuan G, Zhu C, Chen Y, Chen Q. Gelation of Hole Transport Layer to Improve the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 37428245 PMCID: PMC10333165 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a hole transport layer (HTL) with persistently high conductivity, good moisture/oxygen barrier ability, and adequate passivation capability is important. To achieve enough conductivity and effective hole extraction, spiro-OMeTAD, one of the most frequently used HTL in optoelectronic devices, often needs chemical doping with a lithium compound (LiTFSI). However, the lithium salt dopant induces crystallization and has a negative impact on the performance and lifetime of the device due to its hygroscopic nature. Here, we provide an easy method for creating a gel by mixing a natural small molecule additive (thioctic acid, TA) with spiro-OMeTAD. We discover that gelation effectively improves the compactness of resultant HTL and prevents moisture and oxygen infiltration. Moreover, the gelation of HTL improves not only the conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD, but also the operational robustness of the devices in the atmospheric environment. In addition, TA passivates the perovskite defects and facilitates the charge transfer from the perovskite layer to HTL. As a consequence, the optimized PSCs based on the gelated HTL exhibit an improved PCE (22.52%) with excellent device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengtao Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhou Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hayashi R, Murota A, Oka K, Inada Y, Yamashita K. UV ozone treatment for oxidization of spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18561-18567. [PMID: 37346939 PMCID: PMC10280331 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For practical application of perovskite photovoltaic devices, it is vital to choose an appropriate carrier extraction material with high mobility, high conductivity, and appropriate molecular energy levels. One of the most frequently used hole transport materials, spiro-OMeTAD, is known to show an improvement in its electrical properties after the oxidation reaction. However, this oxidation reaction is generally accomplished by simple atmospheric exposure, often taking one or more nights under atmospheric conditions, and thus the development of a rapid oxidation strategy without the degradation of device performance is strongly required. Here, we propose a rapid and reproducible oxidation route employing a UV ozone treatment process that enables quick oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD in solution, as short as 30 seconds. Optical and electrical characterization reveals that this method modifies the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of spiro-OMeTAD to reduce the voltage loss, and also improves the conductivity and mobility, leading to the enhancement in the photovoltaic properties. This finding will provide useful insights into the further development of spiro-OMeTAD-based perovskite solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Hayashi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Ayane Murota
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kengo Oka
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yuhi Inada
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamashita
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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15
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Sonsona IG, Carrera M, Más-Montoya M, Sánchez RS, Serafini P, Barea EM, Mora-Seró I, Curiel D. 2D-Self-Assembled Organic Materials in Undoped Hole Transport Bilayers for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22310-22319. [PMID: 37099614 PMCID: PMC10176319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between photoactive perovskite layer and selective contacts play a key role in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of the interface can be modified by the introduction of molecular interlayers between the halide perovskite and the transporting layers. Herein, two novel structurally related molecules, 1,3,5-tris(α-carbolin-6-yl)benzene (TACB) and the hexamethylated derivative of truxenotris(7-azaindole) (TTAI), are reported. Both molecules have the ability to self-assemble through reciprocal hydrogen bond interactions, but they have different degrees of conformational freedom. The benefits of combining these tripodal 2D-self-assembled small molecular materials with well-known hole transporting layers (HTLs), such as PEDOT:PSS and PTAA, in PSCs with inverted configuration are described. The use of these molecules, particularly the more rigid TTAI, enhanced the charge extraction efficiency and reduced the charge recombination. Consequently, an improved photovoltaic performance was achieved in comparison to the devices fabricated with the standard HTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Sonsona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Carrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Más-Montoya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael S Sánchez
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Patricio Serafini
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eva M Barea
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials, University Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - David Curiel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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16
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Li W, Wu C, Han X. Controlling Molecular Orientation of Small Molecular Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Materials: Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073076. [PMID: 37049838 PMCID: PMC10095671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great potential for future application. However, the commercialization of PSCs is limited by the prohibitively expensive and doped hole-transport materials (HTMs). In this regard, small molecular dopant-free HTMs are promising alternatives because of their low cost and high efficiency. However, these HTMs still have a lot of space for making further progress in both efficiency and stability. This review firstly provides outlining analyses about the important roles of molecular orientation when further enhancements in device efficiency and stability are concerned. Then, currently studied strategies to control molecular orientation in small molecular HTMs are presented. Finally, we propose an outlook aiming to obtain optimized molecular orientation in a cost-effective way.
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17
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Zheng K, Liu C, Yu K, Meng Y, Yin X, Bu S, Lin S, Liu C, Ge Z. Approaching the Fill Factor Limit in Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Layer-Based All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36897231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hole transporting layer (HTL) has a critical impact on the performance and stability of the devices. In an attempt to alleviate the moisture and thermal stability issues from the commonly used HTL Spiro-OMeTAD with dopant, it is urgent to develop novel HTLs with high stability. In this study, a new class of polymers D18 and D18-Cl are applied as undoped HTL for CsPbI2Br-based PSCs. In addition to the excellent hole transporting properties, we unveil that D18 and D18-Cl with larger thermal expansion coefficient than that of CsPbI2Br could impose a compressive stress onto the CsPbI2Br film upon thermal treatment, which could release the residual tensile stress in the film. As a result, the efficiency of CsPbI2Br-based PSCs with D18-Cl as HTL reaches 16.73%, and the fill factor (FF) exceeds 85%, which is one of the highest FF records for the conventional-structured device to date. The devices also show impressive thermal stability with over 80% of the initial PCE retained after 85 °C heating for 1500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghui Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Technology and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Kuibao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yin
- College of Materials Technology and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Shixiao Bu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Cuirong Liu
- College of Materials Technology and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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18
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Shin S, Kim J, Kwon SJ, Ho Ryu K, Choi B, Soo Han Y. Enhancement of photovoltaic performance of solvent-free dye-sensitized solar cells with doped poly(3-hexylthiophene). J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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19
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Li W, Cariello M, Méndez M, Cooke G, Palomares E. Self-Assembled Molecules for Hole-Selective Electrodes in Highly Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Ultralow Energy Loss. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:1239-1247. [PMID: 36817750 PMCID: PMC9930087 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Good selective contacts are necessary for solar cells that are efficient and have long-term stability. Since 1998, with the advent of solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), Spiro-OMeTAD has become the reference hole-transporting material. Yet, for efficient solar cells Spiro-OMeTAD must be partially oxidized with chemical dopants, which compromises the long-term stability of the solar cell. Alternatively, semiconductor polymers such as PTAA have been also studied, matching or improving the solar cell characteristics. However, PTAA-based devices lack long-term stability. Moreover, both Spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA are expensive materials to synthesize. Hence, approaches toward increasing the solar cell stability without compromising the device efficiency and decreasing the manufacturing cost are very desirable. In this work we have modified Spiro-OMeTAD, by an easy-to-use methodology, by introducing a carboxylic acid anchoring group (Spiro-Acid), thereby allowing the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the hole-transporting material in dopant-free p-i-n hybrid perovskite solar cells (iPSCs). The resulting device showed a champion efficiency of 18.15% with ultralow energy loss, which is the highest efficiency among Spiro-OMeTAD-based iPSCs, and a remarkable fill factor of over 82%, as well as excellent long-term illumination stability. Charge transfer and charge carrier dynamics are studied by using advanced transient techniques to understand the interfacial kinetics. Our results demonstrate that the Spiro-OMeTAD-based SAMs have a great potential in producing low-cost iPSC devices, due to lower material usage, good long-term stability, and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michele Cariello
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Maria Méndez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - Graeme Cooke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Scanning Electrochemical Microscope Studies of Charge Transfer Kinetics at the Interface of the Perovskite/Hole Transport Layer. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1844719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacial carrier transfer kinetics is critical to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we measure the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, reduction rate constant, and conductivity of hole transport layered perovskites using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The SECM feedback revealed that the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, and reduction rate constant of the nickel oxide (NiO) layer perovskite layer are higher than those of the poly (3,4-ethyenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) layered perovskite. Also, at a specific flux density (
), the value of the regeneration rate constant (keff) in both blue and red illuminations for the NiO/CH3NH3PbI3 film is significantly higher than in both PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbI3 and FTO/CH3NH3PbI3 films. The difference in keff between layered and nonlayered perovskite conforms to the impact of the hole conducting layer on the charge transfer kinetics. According to the findings, SECM is a powerful approach for screening an appropriate hole transport layer for stable perovskite solar cells.
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21
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Chen X, Xu Z, Chen J, Yao L, Xie W, He J, Li N, Li J, Xu S, Zhu Y, Chen X, Zhu R. Continuous surface Z-Scheme and Schottky heterojunction Au/La2Ti2O7/Ag3PO4 catalyst with boosted charge separation through dual channels for excellent photocatalysis: Highlight influence factors regulation and catalytic system applicability. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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22
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You S, Zeng H, Liu Y, Han B, Li M, Li L, Zheng X, Guo R, Luo L, Li Z, Zhang C, Liu R, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Peng Q, Wang T, Chen Q, Eickemeyer FT, Carlsen B, Zakeeruddin SM, Mai L, Rong Y, Grätzel M, Li X. Radical polymeric p-doping and grain modulation for stable, efficient perovskite solar modules. Science 2023; 379:288-294. [PMID: 36656941 DOI: 10.1126/science.add8786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
High-quality perovskite light harvesters and robust organic hole extraction layers are essential for achieving high-performing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We introduce a phosphonic acid-functionalized fullerene derivative in mixed-cation perovskites as a grain boundary modulator to consolidate the crystal structure, which enhances the tolerance of the film against illumination, heat, and moisture. We also developed a redox-active radical polymer, poly(oxoammonium salt), that can effectively p-dope the hole-transporting material by hole injection and that also mitigates lithium ion diffusion. Power conversion efficiencies of 23.5% for 1-square-centimeter mixed-cation-anion PSCs and 21.4% for 17.1-square-centimeter minimodules were achieved. The PSCs retained 95.5% of their initial efficiencies after 3265 hours at maximum power point tracking under continuous 1-sun illumination at 70° ± 5°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai You
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haipeng Zeng
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Long Luo
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ti Wang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian Carlsen
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Yaoguang Rong
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiong Li
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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23
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Wang C, Gao P. ‘Radicalize’ the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Radical Compounds. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Lim S, Han S, Kim D, Min J, Choi J, Park T. Key Factors Affecting the Stability of CsPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203430. [PMID: 35700966 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot (PQD) solar cells shows increase from 10.77% to 16.2% in a short period owing to advances in material and device design for solar cells. However, the device stability of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells remains poor in ambient conditions, which requires an in-depth understanding of the degradation mechanisms of CsPbI3 PQDs solar cells in terms of both inherent material properties and device characteristics. Along with this analysis, advanced strategies to overcome poor device stability must be conceived. In this review, fundamental mechanisms that cause the degradation of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells are discussed from the material property and device viewpoints. In addition, based on detailed insights into degradation mechanisms in CsPbI3 PQD solar cells, various strategies are introduced to improve the stability of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells. Finally, future perspectives and challenges are presented to achieve highly durable CsPbI3 PQD solar cells. The investigation of the degradation mechanisms and the stability enhancement strategies can pave the way for the commercialization of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeong Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Han
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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25
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Nazir G, Lee SY, Lee JH, Rehman A, Lee JK, Seok SI, Park SJ. Stabilization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204380. [PMID: 36103603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been achieved, which is comparable with their traditional rivals (Si-based solar cells). However, commercialization-worthy efficiency and long-term stability remain a challenge. In this regard, there are increasing studies focusing on the interface engineering in PSC devices to overcome their poor technical readiness. Herein, the roles of electrode materials and interfaces in PSCs are discussed in terms of their PCEs and perovskite stability. All the current knowledge on the factors responsible for the rapid intrinsic and external degradation of PSCs is presented. Then, the roles of carbonaceous materials as substitutes for noble metals are focused on, along with the recent research progress in carbon-based PSCs. Furthermore, a sub-category of PSCs, that is, flexible PSCs, is considered as a type of exceptional power source due to their high power-to-weight ratios and figures of merit for next-generation wearable electronics. Last, the future perspectives and directions for research in PSCs are discussed, with an emphasis on their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Nazir
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeela Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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26
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Ji T, Delima RS, Dvorak DJ, Cao Y, Ren S, Morrissey TD, Lu X, Berlinguette CP. High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Sputtered Metal Contacts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50731-50738. [PMID: 36322941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition produces dense, uniform, adhesive, and scalable metal contacts for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, sputter deposition damages the other layers of the PSC. We here report that the damage caused by sputtering metal contacts can be reversed by aerial oxidation. We support this claim by making PSCs sputtered with Au contacts that exhibit higher efficiencies (18.7%) and stabilities than those made with thermally evaporated Au contacts (18.4%). We performed a series of experiments that show that the post-sputtering oxidation step reconstructs the molecular order of the hole transport layer (HTL) and reverses Au atom diffusion into the HTL. This potential restoration was previously neglected in PSC fabrication recipes because metal contact deposition is generally performed after the HTL oxidation. This result is important for scaling PSCs because sputtering is a superior method for manufacturing optimal-quality coatings or large-area devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxiao Ji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Roxanna S Delima
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David J Dvorak
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shaoxuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas D Morrissey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Curtis P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 661 University Avenue, Toronto, OntarioM5G 1M1, Canada
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27
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Yao Y, Cheng C, Zhang C, Hu H, Wang K, De Wolf S. Organic Hole-Transport Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203794. [PMID: 35771986 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hole-transporting layers (HTLs) are an essential component in inverted, p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) where they play a decisive role in extraction and transport of holes, surface passivation, perovskite crystallization, device stability, and cost. Currently, the exploration of efficient, stable, highly transparent and low-cost HTLs is of vital importance for propelling p-i-n PSCs toward commercialization. Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic HTLs offer multiple advantages such as a tunable bandgap and energy level, easy synthesis and purification, solution processability, and overall low cost. Here, recent progress of organic HTLs, including conductive polymers, small molecules, and self-assembled monolayers, as utilized in inverted PSCs is systematically reviewed and summarized. Their molecular structure, hole-transport properties, energy levels, and relevant device properties and resulting performances are presented and analyzed. A summary of design principles and a future outlook toward highly efficient organic HTLs in inverted PSCs is proposed. This review aims to inspire further innovative development of novel organic HTLs for more efficient, stable, and scalable inverted PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Yao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Caidong Cheng
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, and KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Shen Y, Deng K, Li L. Spiro-OMeTAD-Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200757. [PMID: 36202752 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented growth in the past decade as an emerging photovoltaic technology. Up till now, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25% that rivals silicon solar cells and there is still room for further enhancement. However, the development in long-term stability lags far behind, which remains a great concern for the commercial application in the future. The device instability mainly arises from the functional components, including perovskite film, charge transport layers, and electrodes along with the involved interfaces. As the most widely studied hole transport layer at the current stage, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) helps contribute to the achievement of record efficiency but it weakens the device stability due to the doping-induced side effects such as hygroscopicity and ion migration. Great efforts are devoted to boosting the stability of Spiro-OMeTAD while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In this review, the fundamental properties of Spiro-OMeTAD have been summarized and the recent advances in engineering Spiro-OMeTAD-based hole transport layer for the sake of highly efficient PSCs with enhanced longevity are highlighted. In the end, an outlook for the further optimization of Spiro-OMeTAD is provided and the issues related to large-scale production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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29
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Tert‑butyl peroxybenzoate-doped spiro-OMeTAD for perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 23%. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Meng D, Xue J, Zhao Y, Zhang E, Zheng R, Yang Y. Configurable Organic Charge Carriers toward Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14954-14986. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Elizabeth Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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31
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Kong W, Qiao L, Peng B, Shen Z, Han Q, Chen H, Yuan Z, Zheng R, Yang X. Transporting holes stably under iodide invasion in efficient perovskite solar cells. Science 2022; 377:1227-1232. [PMID: 36074838 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq6235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient halide perovskite solar cells generally rely on lithium-doped organic hole transporting layers that are thermally and chemically unstable, in part because of migration of iodide anions from the perovskite layer. We report a solution strategy to stabilize the hole transport in organic layers by ionic coupling positive polymer radicals and molecular anions through an ion-exchange process. The target layer exhibited a hole conductivity that was 80 times higher than that of the conventional lithium-doped layer. Moreover, after extreme iodide invasion caused by light-soaking at 85°C for 200 hours, the target layer maintained high hole conductivity and well-matched band alignment. This ion-exchange strategy enabled fabrication of perovskite solar cells with a certified power conversion efficiency of 23.9% that maintained 92% under standard illumination at 85°C after 1000 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bingguo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhichao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiliang Yuan
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
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32
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Cheng F, Cao F, Chen B, Dai X, Tang Z, Sun Y, Yin J, Li J, Zheng N, Wu B. 85 °C/85%-Stable n-i-p Perovskite Photovoltaics with NiO x Hole Transport Layers Promoted By Perovskite Quantum Dots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201573. [PMID: 35859254 PMCID: PMC9475515 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability are two vital issues for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, there is still a lack of suitable hole transport layers (HTLs) to endow PSCs with both high efficiency and stability. Here, NiOx nanoparticles are promoted as an efficient and 85 °C/85%-stable inorganic HTL for high-performance n-i-p PSCs, with the introduction of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) between perovskite and NiOx as systematic interfacial engineering. The QD intercalation enhances film morphology and assembly regulation of NiOx HTLs . Due to structure-function correlations, hole mobility within NiOx HTL is improved. And the hole extraction from perovskite to NiOx is also facilitated, resulting from reduced trap states and optimized energy level alignments. Hence, the promoted NiOx -based n-i-p PSCs exhibit high PCE (21.59%) and excellent stability (sustaining 85 °C aging in air without encapsulation). Furthermore, encapsulated solar modules with QDs-promoted NiOx HTLs show impressive stability during 85 °C/85% aging test for 1000 hours. With high transparency, QDs-promoted NiOx is also demonstrated to be an advanced HTL for semitransparent PSCs. This work develops promising NiOx inorganic HTL in n-i-p PSCs for manufacturing next-generation photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Binwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Xinfeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Ziheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Yifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of NanomaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPen‐Tung Sah Institute of Micro‐Nano Science and TechnologyCollege of EnergyJiujiang Research InstituteInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
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Fu Q, Liu H, Li S, Zhou T, Chen M, Yang Y, Wang J, Wang R, Chen Y, Liu Y. Management of Donor and Acceptor Building Blocks in Dopant‐Free Polymer Hole Transport Materials for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210356. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hang Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shitong Li
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Tong Zhou
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Mingqian Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin) Tianjin 300192 P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin) Tianjin 300192 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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34
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Ren G, Han W, Zhang Q, Li Z, Deng Y, Liu C, Guo W. Overcoming Perovskite Corrosion and De-Doping Through Chemical Binding of Halogen Bonds Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:175. [PMID: 35999406 PMCID: PMC9399337 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) is an indispensable additive for the hole transport layer in highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while it can induce corrosion decomposition of perovskites and de-doping effect of spiro-OMeTAD, which present huge challenge for the stability of PSCs. Herein, halogen bonds provided by 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-DITFB) are employed to bond with TBP, simultaneously preventing perovskite decomposition and eliminating de-doping effect of oxidized spiro-OMeTAD. Various characterizations have proved strong chemical interaction forms between 1,4-DITFB and TBP. With the incorporation of halogen bonds, perovskite film can maintain initial morphology, crystal structure, and light absorbance; meanwhile, the spiro-OMeTAD film shows a relatively stable conductivity with good charge transport property. Accordingly, the device with TBP complex exhibits significantly enhanced stability in N2 atmosphere or humidity environment. Furthermore, a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.03% is obtained since perovskite is no longer damaged by TBP during device preparation. This strategy overcomes the shortcomings of TBP in n-i-p PSCs community and enhances the application potential of spiro-OMeTAD in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Fu Q, Liu H, Li S, Zhou T, Chen M, Yang Y, Wang J, Wang R, Chen Y, Liu Y. Management of Donor and Acceptor Building Blocks in Dopant‐Free Polymer Hole Transport Materials for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Nankai University College of Chemsitry CHINA
| | - Hang Liu
- Nankai University College of Chemsitry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Shitong Li
- Nankai University College of Chemsitry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Nankai University College of Chemsitry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Mingqian Chen
- Nankai University College of Chemsitry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization CHINA
| | - Jian Wang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization CHINA
| | - Rui Wang
- Nankai University College of Chemsitry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Nankai University College of Chemsitry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry 94 Weijin Road, Mengmingwei Building 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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36
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Kim B, Kim M, Kim H, Jeong S, Yang J, Jeong MS. Improved Stability of MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Interlayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35726-35733. [PMID: 35904868 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been receiving considerable attention as next-generation solar cells. However, their short lifetime is a major obstacle to their commercialization. In addition to the properties of the materials used in PSCs, their interfaces play an important role in device stability by maintaining their initial design. In this study, we developed a transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) as a stable and efficient interlayer. MoS2 and WSe2 were applied to both the hole and electron transport sides of the PSCs with general FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au structures, respectively. Owing to efficient charge transfer by TMD interlayers, our PSCs achieved a 19.24% efficiency, which is higher than the efficiency of the control devices (18.22%). Furthermore, the device stability was markedly improved by the passivation and strain-release effects of the TMD interlayers. Thus, the PSCs with TMD interlayers demonstrated a stable performance over 1000 h under damp heat (85 °C and 85% relative humidity) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhoe Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Center for Composite Materials and Concurrent Design, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Atom and Quantum Materials Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - JungYup Yang
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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37
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Apergi S, Koch C, Brocks G, Olthof S, Tao S. Decomposition of Organic Perovskite Precursors on MoO 3: Role of Halogen and Surface Defects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34208-34219. [PMID: 35107986 PMCID: PMC9353771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid progress in perovskite solar cells, their commercialization is still hindered by issues regarding long-term stability, which can be strongly affected by metal oxide-based charge extraction layers next to the perovskite material. With MoO3 being one of the most successful hole transport layers in organic photovoltaics, the disastrous results of its combination with perovskite films came as a surprise but was soon attributed to severe chemical instability at the MoO3/perovskite interface. To discover the atomistic origin of this instability, we combine density functional theory (DFT) calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements to investigate the interaction of MoO3 with the perovskite precursors MAI, MABr, FAI, and FABr. From DFT calculations we suggest a scenario that is based upon oxygen vacancies playing a key role in interface degradation reactions. Not only do these vacancies promote decomposition reactions of perovskite precursors, but they also constitute the reaction centers for redox reactions leading to oxidation of the halides and reduction of Mo. Specifically iodides are proposed to be reactive, while bromides do not significantly affect the oxide. XPS measurements reveal a severe reduction of Mo and a loss of the halide species when the oxide is interfaced with I-containing precursors, which is consistent with the proposed scenario. In line with the latter, experimentally observed effects are much less pronounced in case of Br-containing precursors. We further find that the reactivity of the MoO3 substrate can be moderated by reducing the number of oxygen vacancies through a UV/ozone treatment, though it cannot be fully eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Apergi
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Koch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Geert Brocks
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational
Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+, Institute
for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Selina Olthof
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials
Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Shi W, Cheng X, Cheng K. Gecko-Inspired Adhesives with Asymmetrically Tilting-Oriented Micropillars. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8890-8898. [PMID: 35830463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic adhesion behavior of the gecko is closely related to their feet and is comprised of keratinous hairs, setae, where van der Waals forces permit attachment and detachment during locomotion. Previous research either achieved only isotropic adhesion behaviors or involved the complicated photolithography method. Here, we reported a simple way to achieve the anisotropic adhesion behaviors of gecko-inspired adhesives, consisting of micropillars with asymmetrically tilted orientation via the 3D printing technique. The adhesive forces of structured polymer pillars achieved 4-fold stronger, compared to controls with the plain surface. The anisotropic adhesion behavior is presented on the patterned surface and is two times stronger along the gripping direction compared to the releasing direction on the adhesives, which is attributed to the asymmetric stress distributions at the edges, as well as the stresses resulting from the moment with the sheared top. The finite element analysis is applied to demonstrate the stress distributions and displacement variations. This work provides the insight into the design and fabrication of gecko-inspired adhesives with anisotropic adhesion behaviors in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
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Guo Y. A Novel Organic Dopant for Spiro-OMeTAD in High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Front Chem 2022; 10:928712. [PMID: 35958234 PMCID: PMC9357902 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.928712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved excellent power conversion efficiencies (PCEs); however, there still exist some major challenges on device stability due to hydrophilic bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (Li-TFSI), which is commonly introduced as a p-dopant to increase the hole mobility and conductivity of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transporting materials (HTMs). Ion migration, corrosiveness, and hygroscopicity induced by the additive Li-TFSI are detrimental to the device stability, which significantly hinders further commercialization of PSCs. Herein, a hydrophobic organic ionic compound, trityltetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TPP), is explored as a novel efficient and stable alternative p-dopant, avoiding the long-term aging process to improve the conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD. As a result, the champion efficiency of TPP-based devices delivers performance up to 23.03%, which is higher than that of the Li-TFSI-based devices (22.39%). In addition, the TPP-based devices also exhibit higher average PCE values. The excellent performance with TPP may be associated with the higher work function of doped spiro-OMeTAD and a better alignment of energy levels with the valence band of perovskite, which substantially accelerate interfacial carrier transportation and minimize the open-circuit voltage (V oc) loss of PSCs. More importantly, the un-encapsulated TPP-doped devices also display much superior operational stability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking with continuous light illumination in an ambient humid environment, which maintained 96-97% of the initial PCE over 1,100 h outputting. Thus, this work will open up new possibilities for hydrophilic Li-TFSI dopant replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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40
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Pająk AK, Kotowicz S, Gnida P, Małecki JG, Ciemięga A, Łuczak A, Jung J, Schab-Balcerzak E. Synthesis and Characterization of New Conjugated Azomethines End-Capped with Amino-thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid Diethyl Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158160. [PMID: 35897736 PMCID: PMC9330727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of thiophene-based azomethines differing in the core structure was synthesized. The effect of the central core structure in azomethines on the thermal, optical and electrochemical properties was investigated. The obtained compounds exhibited the ability to form a stable amorphous phase with a high glass transition temperature above 100 °C. They were electrochemically active and undergo oxidation and reduction processes. The highest occupied (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular (LUMO) orbitals were in the range of −3.86–−3.60 eV and −5.46–−5.17 eV, respectively, resulting in a very low energy band gap below 1.7 eV. Optical investigations were performed in the solvents with various polarity and in the solid state as a thin film deposited on a glass substrate. The synthesized imines absorbed radiation from 350 to 600 nm, depending on its structure and showed weak emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield below 2.5%. The photophysical investigations were supported by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory. The synthesized imines doped with lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were examined as hole transporting materials (HTM) in hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells. It was found that both a volume of lithium salt and core imine structure significantly impact device performance. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE), being about 35–63% higher compared to other devices, exhibited cells based on the imine containing a core tiphenylamine unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Ciemięga
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Bałtycka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Adam Łuczak
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Jarosław Jung
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
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41
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Cheng F, Cao F, Ru Fan F, Wu B. Promotion Strategies of Hole Transport Materials by Electronic and Steric Controls for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200340. [PMID: 35377527 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a requisite role in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of HTMs, such as hole extraction efficiency, chemical compatibility, film morphology, ion migration barrier, and so on, significantly affect PSCs' power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities. Up till now, researchers have devoted much attention to developing new types of HTMs as well as promoting pristine HTMs using numerous strategies. In this Review, we summarize the design strategies of various common HTMs for n-i-p PSCs are comprehensively discussed from two separate aspects (additive and non-additive engineering). Additive engineering generally tunes electronic properties of HTMs while non-additive engineering basically modifies their steric structures. Critical analysis and comparison between these design strategies are provided, considering the overall PCEs and stabilities of PSCs. Finally, a brief perspective on future promising design strategies for HTMs is given, in order to fabricate efficient and stable n-i-p devices for the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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42
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Fu Q, Tang X, Liu H, Wang R, Liu T, Wu Z, Woo HY, Zhou T, Wan X, Chen Y, Liu Y. Ionic Dopant-Free Polymer Alloy Hole Transport Materials for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9500-9509. [PMID: 35594143 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dominated hole transport material (HTM) used in state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is Spiro-OMeTAD, which needs to be doped to improve its conductivity and mobility. The inevitable instability induced by deliquescent dopants and the necessary oxidation process in air hinders the commercialization of this technology. Here, an alloy strategy using two conjugated polymers with highly similar structures but different crystallinities for dopant-free HTM and high-performance PSCs has been demonstrated. We found that the polymeric packing and crystallinity of a polymer alloy could be regulated finely by blending the polymer PM6 and our developed polymer PMSe, which exhibits a shorter π-π stacking distance due to the improved planarity of the polymer backbone with strong C═O···Se noncovalent interactions. The structure-property relationship of the polymer alloy is investigated by theoretical and experimental analyses. The optimized PSCs using the polymer alloy HTM without any ionic dopants feature an excellent power conversion efficiency of 24.53% and a high open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.19 V with much improved stability. This efficiency is much higher than that of the control device using doped Spiro-OMeTAD HTM (PCE = 22.54%). Our work provides a very effective strategy to design and construct dopant-free hole transport materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cells and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xingchen Tang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hang Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Tong Zhou
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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43
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Thambidurai M, Omer MI, Shini F, Dewi HA, Jamaludin NF, Koh TM, Tang X, Mathews N, Dang C. Enhanced Thermal Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Through Triphenylphosphine Interface Passivation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102189. [PMID: 35289479 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While extensive research has driven the rapid efficiency trajectory noted to date for organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their thermal stability remains one of the key issues hindering their commercialization. Herein, a significant reduction in surface defects (a precursor to perovskite instability) could be attained by introducing triphenylphosphine (TPP), an effective Lewis base passivator, to the vulnerable perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interface. Not only did TPP passivation enable a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.22 % to be achieved, these devices also exhibited superior ambient and thermal stability. Unlike the pristine device, which exhibited a sharp descend to 16 % of its initial PCE on storing in relative humidity of 10 %, at 85 °C for more than 720 h, the TPP-passivated devices retained 71 % of its initial PCE. Hence, this study presents a facile yet excellent approach to attain high-performing yet thermally stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thambidurai
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics (COEB), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Mohamed I Omer
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics (COEB), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Foo Shini
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics (COEB), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Herlina Arianita Dewi
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Nur Fadilah Jamaludin
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics (COEB), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Cuong Dang
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics (COEB), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
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44
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Stable perovskite solar cells with 23.12% efficiency and area over 1 cm2 by an all-in-one strategy. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Zhang G, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Ma X, Sun M, Li T, Yang B, Shao Y. Improving the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Insulating Additive-Modified Hole Transport Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11500-11508. [PMID: 35191664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Invert perovskite solar cells (PSCs) present a great potential for next-generation photovoltaics for their flexibility and tandem adaptability. In order to improve the conductivity of the hole transport layer (HTL), such as poly(triarylamine), highly conductive additives (e.g., F4TCNQ, Li-TFSI) were generally applied to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 21%. However, these additives significantly affect the long-term stability of the devices due to their humidity sensitivity. In this work, the HTL was counterintuitively optimized with insulating additives, such as polyphenylene sulfide, which enhanced PCE from 19.1 to 21.5% along with a noticeable improvement in device stability with T50 of 574 h under double 85 aging conditions. The performance enhancement is attributed to larger grain sizes in perovskite films on the HTL and better energy-level alignment between the HTL and perovskite after introducing the insulating additives, which compensate negative influence caused by additive-induced reduction in conductivity. Our work demonstrates that low-conductivity additives, rather than the commonly used high-conductivity counterparts, can also contribute to improving the photovoltaic performance in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaorong Ma
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengjie Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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46
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Inhibited Aggregation of Lithium Salt in Spiro-OMeTAD for Perovskite Solar Cells. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
High-efficiency and stable hole transport materials (HTMs) play an essential role in high-performance planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). 2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobi-fluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) is often used as HTMs in perovskite solar cells because of its excellent characteristics, such as energy level matching with perovskite, good film-forming ability, and high solubility. However, the accumulation and hydrolysis of the common additive Li-TFSI in Spiro-OMeTAD can cause voids/pinholes in the hole transport layer (HTL), which reduces the efficiency of the PSCs. In order to improve the functional characteristics of HTMs, in this work, we first used CsI as a dopant to modify the HTL and reduce the voids in the HTL. A small amount of CsI is introduced into Spiro-OMeTAD together with Li-TFSI and 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP). It is found that CsI and TBP formed a complex, which prevented the rapid evaporation of TBP and eliminated some cracks in Spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, the uniformly dispersed TBP inhibits the agglomeration of Li-TFSI in Spiro-OMeTAD, so that the effective oxidation reaction between Spiro-OMeTAD and air produces Spiro-OMeTAD+ in the oxidation state, thereby increasing the conductivity and adjusting the HTL energy. Correspondingly, the PCE of the planar PSC of the CsI-modified Spiro-OMeTAD is up to 13.31%. In contrast, the PSC without CsI modification showed a poor PCE of 10.01%. More importantly, the PSC of Spiro-OMeTAD treated with CsI has negligible hysteresis and excellent long-term stability. Our work provides a low-cost, simple, and effective method for improving the performance of hole transport materials and perovskite solar cells.
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Chin YC, Daboczi M, Henderson C, Luke J, Kim JS. Suppressing PEDOT:PSS Doping-Induced Interfacial Recombination Loss in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2022; 7:560-568. [PMID: 35434365 PMCID: PMC9007524 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PSS is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its facile processability, industrial scalability, and commercialization potential. However, PSCs utilizing PEDOT:PSS suffer from strong recombination losses compared to other organic HTLs. This results in lower open-circuit voltage (V OC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Most studies focus on doping PEDOT:PSS to improve charge extraction, but it has been suggested that a high doping level can cause strong recombination losses. Herein, we systematically dedope PEDOT:PSS with aqueous NaOH, raising its Fermi level by up to 500 meV, and optimize its layer thickness in p-i-n devices. A significant reduction of recombination losses at the dedoped PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface is evidenced by a longer photoluminescence lifetime and higher magnitude of surface photovoltage, leading to an increased device V OC, fill factor, and PCE. These results provide insights into the relationship between doping level of HTLs and interfacial charge carrier recombination losses.
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48
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Wu G, Liang R, Ge M, Sun G, Zhang Y, Xing G. Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105635. [PMID: 34865245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for use in next-generation photovoltaic devices. However, some challenges need to be addressed before their commercial production, such as enormous defects formed on the surface, which result in severe SRH recombination, and inadequate material interplay between the composition, leading to thermal-, moisture-, and light-induced degradation. 2D perovskites, in which the organic layer functions as a protective barrier to block the erosion of moisture or ions, have recently emerged and attracted increasing attention because they exhibit significant robustness. Inspired by this, surface passivation by employing 2D perovskites deposited on the top of 3D counterparts has triggered a new wave of research to simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and stability. Herein, we exploited a vast amount of literature to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D/3D heterostructure PSCs using surface passivation. The review begins with an introduction of the crystal structure, followed by the advantages of the combination of 2D and 3D perovskites. Then, the surface passivation strategies, optoelectronic properties, enhanced stability, and photovoltaic performance of 2D/3D PSCs are systematically discussed. Finally, the perspectives of passivation techniques using 2D perovskites to offer insight into further improved photovoltaic performance in the future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbao Wu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
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49
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Nau J, Brüning V, Knedel T, Janiak C, Müller TJJ. Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Conjugated
syn
,
syn
‐Dithienothiazine Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Dumbbells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nau
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vincent Brüning
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Tim‐Oliver Knedel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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50
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Optimization of Hole and Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Lead-Free Cs2TiBr6-Based Perovskite Solar Cell. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The methylammonium lead halide solar cell has attracted a great deal of attention due to its lightweight, low cost, and simple fabrication and processing. Despite these advantages, these cells are still far from commercialization because of their lead-based toxicity. Among lead-free perovskites, cesium-titanium (IV) bromide (Cs2TiBr6) is considered one of the best alternatives, but it faces a lack of higher PCE (power conversion efficiency) due to the unavailability of the matched hole and electron transport layers. Therefore, in this study, the ideal hole and electron transport layer parameters for the Cs2TiBr6-based solar cell were determined and discussed based on a simulation through SCAPS-1D software. It was observed that the maximum PCE of 20.4% could be achieved by using the proper hole and electron transport layers with optimized parameters such as energy bandgap, electron affinity, doping density, and thickness. Unfortunately, no hole and electron transport material with the required electronic structure was found. Then, polymer NPB and CeOx were selected as hole and electron transport layers, respectively, based on their closed electronic structure compared to the simulation results, and, hence, the maximum PCE was found as ~17.94% for the proposed CeOx/Cs2TiBr6/NPB solar cell.
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