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Liu H, Gan Z, Qin X, Wang Y, Qin J. Advances in Microfluidic Technologies in Organoid Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302686. [PMID: 38134345 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexities of their in vivo counterparts. The combination of organoid systems and microfluidic technologies has opened new frontiers in organoid engineering and offers great opportunities to address the current challenges of existing organoid systems and broaden their biomedical applications. In this review, the key features of the existing organoids, including their origins, development, design principles, and limitations, are described. Then the recent progress in integrating organoids into microfluidic systems is highlighted, involving microarrays for high-throughput organoid manipulation, microreactors for organoid hydrogel scaffold fabrication, and microfluidic chips for functional organoid culture. The opportunities in the nascent combination of organoids and microfluidics that lie ahead to accelerate research in organ development, disease studies, drug screening, and regenerative medicine are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the development of advanced microfluidic platforms and modified technologies for building organoids with higher fidelity and standardization are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongqiao Gan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Kim R, Sung JH. Recent Advances in Gut- and Gut-Organ-Axis-on-a-Chip Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302777. [PMID: 38243887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut extracts nutrients from the diet while forming the largest barrier against the outer environment. In addition, the gut actively maintains homeostasis through intricate interactions with the gut microbes, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, and other organs. These interactions influence digestive health and, furthermore, play crucial roles in systemic health and disease. Given its primary role in absorbing and metabolizing orally administered drugs, there is significant interest in the development of preclinical in vitro model systems that can accurately emulate the intestine in vivo. A gut-on-a-chip system holds great potential as a testing and screening platform because of its ability to emulate the physiological aspects of in vivo tissues and expandability to incorporate and combine with other organs. This review aims to identify the key physiological features of the human gut that need to be incorporated to build more accurate preclinical models and highlights the recent progress in gut-on-a-chip systems and competing technologies toward building more physiologically relevant preclinical model systems. Furthermore, various efforts to construct multi-organ systems with the gut, called gut-organ-axis-on-a-chip models, are discussed. In vitro gut models with physiological relevance can provide valuable platforms for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehyun Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
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Shin YC, Than N, Park SJ, Kim HJ. Bioengineered human gut-on-a-chip for advancing non-clinical pharmaco-toxicology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:593-606. [PMID: 38849312 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2365254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing need for alternative models to advance current non-clinical experimental models because they often fail to accurately predict drug responses in human clinical trials. Human organ-on-a-chip models have emerged as promising approaches for advancing the predictability of drug behaviors and responses. AREAS COVERED We summarize up-to-date human gut-on-a-chip models designed to demonstrate intricate interactions involving the host, microbiome, and pharmaceutical compounds since these models have been reported a decade ago. This overview covers recent advances in gut-on-a-chip models as a bridge technology between non-clinical and clinical assessments of drug toxicity and metabolism. We highlight the promising potential of gut-on-a-chip platforms, offering a reliable and valid framework for investigating reciprocal crosstalk between the host, gut microbiome, and drug compounds. EXPERT OPINION Gut-on-a-chip platforms can attract multiple end users as predictive, human-relevant, and non-clinical model. Notably, gut-on-a-chip platforms provide a unique opportunity to recreate a human intestinal microenvironment, including dynamic bowel movement, luminal flow, oxygen gradient, host-microbiome interactions, and disease-specific manipulations restricted in animal and in vitro cell culture models. Additionally, given the profound impact of the gut microbiome on pharmacological bioprocess, it is critical to leverage breakthroughs of gut-on-a-chip technology to address knowledge gaps and drive innovations in predictive drug toxicology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nam Than
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Piraino F, Costa M, Meyer M, Cornish G, Ceroni C, Garnier V, Hoehnel-Ka S, Brandenberg N. Organoid models: the future companions of personalized drug development. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032009. [PMID: 38608454 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
High failure rates of the current drug development process are driving exemplary changes toward methodologies centered on human diseasein-vitromodeling. Organoids are self-organized tissue sub-units resembling their organ of origin and are widely acknowledged for their unique potential in recapitulating human physio-pathological mechanisms. They are transformative for human health by becoming the platform of choice to probe disease mechanisms and advance new therapies. Furthermore, the compounds' validation as therapeutics represents another point of the drug development pipeline where organoids may provide key understandings and help pharma organizations replace or reduce animal research. In this review, we focus on gastrointestinal organoid models, which are currently the most advanced organoid models in drug development. We focus on experimental validations of their value, and we propose avenues to enhance their use in drug discovery and development, as well as precision medicine and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Costa
- Doppl SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Meyer
- Doppl SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wang H, Li X, Shi P, You X, Zhao G. Establishment and evaluation of on-chip intestinal barrier biosystems based on microfluidic techniques. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101079. [PMID: 38774450 PMCID: PMC11107260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As a booming engineering technology, the microfluidic chip has been widely applied for replicating the complexity of human intestinal micro-physiological ecosystems in vitro. Biosensors, 3D imaging, and multi-omics have been applied to engineer more sophisticated intestinal barrier-on-chip platforms, allowing the improved monitoring of physiological processes and enhancing chip performance. In this review, we report cutting-edge advances in the microfluidic techniques applied for the establishment and evaluation of intestinal barrier platforms. We discuss different design principles and microfabrication strategies for the establishment of microfluidic gut barrier models in vitro. Further, we comprehensively cover the complex cell types (e.g., epithelium, intestinal organoids, endothelium, microbes, and immune cells) and controllable extracellular microenvironment parameters (e.g., oxygen gradient, peristalsis, bioflow, and gut-organ axis) used to recapitulate the main structural and functional complexity of gut barriers. We also present the current multidisciplinary technologies and indicators used for evaluating the morphological structure and barrier integrity of established gut barrier models in vitro. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives for accelerating the broader applications of these platforms in disease simulation, drug development, and personalized medicine. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive guide for the development and evaluation of microfluidic-based gut barrier platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiaoyan You
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Abraham N, Kolipaka T, Pandey G, Negi M, Srinivasarao DA, Srivastava S. Revolutionizing pancreatic islet organoid transplants: Improving engraftment and exploring future frontiers. Life Sci 2024; 343:122545. [PMID: 38458556 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) manifests due to pancreatic beta cell destruction, causing insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. Current therapies are inadequate for brittle diabetics, necessitating pancreatic islet transplants, which however, introduces its own set of challenges such as paucity of donors, rigorous immunosuppression and autoimmune rejection. Organoid technology represents a significant stride in the field of regenerative medicine and bypasses donor-based approaches. Hence this article focuses on strategies enhancing the in vivo engraftment of islet organoids (IOs), namely vascularization, encapsulation, immune evasion, alternative extra-hepatic transplant sites and 3D bioprinting. Hypoxia-induced necrosis and delayed revascularization attenuate organoid viability and functional capacity, alleviated by the integration of diverse cell types e.g., human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to boost vascularization. Encapsulation with biocompatible materials and genetic modifications counters immune damage, while extra-hepatic sites avoid surgical complications and immediate blood-mediated inflammatory reactions (IBMIR). Customizable 3D bioprinting may help augment the viability and functionality of IOs. While the clinical translation of IOs faces hurdles, preliminary results show promise. This article underscores the importance of addressing challenges in IO transplantation to advance their use in treating type 1 diabetes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noella Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Tejaswini Kolipaka
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mansi Negi
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Sakib S, Zou S. Attenuation of Chronic Inflammation in Intestinal Organoids with Graphene Oxide-Mediated Tumor Necrosis Factor-α_Small Interfering RNA Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38325360 PMCID: PMC10883062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex and multifactorial etiology, making it challenging to treat. While recent advances in immunomodulatory biologics, such as antitumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibodies, have shown moderate success, systemic administration of antibody therapeutics may lead to several adverse effects, including the risk of autoimmune disorders due to systemic cytokine depletion. Transient RNA interference using exogenous short interfering RNA (siRNA) to regulate target gene expression at the transcript level offers an alternative to systemic immunomodulation. However, siRNAs are susceptible to premature degradation and have poor cellular uptake. Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles have been shown to be effective nanocarriers for biologics due to their reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced bioavailability. In this study, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GO mediated TNF-α_siRNA using in vitro models of chronic inflammation generated by treating murine small intestines (enteroids) and large intestines (colonoids) with inflammatory agents IL-1β, TNF-α, and LPS. The organotypic mouse enteroids and colonoids developed an inflammatory phenotype similar to that of IBD, characterized by impaired epithelial homeostasis and an increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. We assessed siRNA delivery to these inflamed organoids using three different GO formulations. Out of the three, small-sized GO with polymer and dendrimer modifications (smGO) demonstrated the highest transfection efficiency, which led to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, indicating an attenuation of the inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, the transfection efficiency and inflammation-ameliorating effects could be further enhanced by increasing the TNF-α_siRNA/smGO ratio from 1:1 to 3:1. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that ex vivo organoids with disease-specific phenotypes are invaluable models for assessing the therapeutic potential of nanocarrier-mediated drug and biologic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadman Sakib
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ONK1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ONK1A 0R6, Canada
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Hu C, Yang S, Zhang T, Ge Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Pu Y, Liang G. Organoids and organoids-on-a-chip as the new testing strategies for environmental toxicology-applications & advantages. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108415. [PMID: 38309193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
An increasing number of harmful environmental factors are causing serious impacts on human health, and there is an urgent need to accurately identify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these harmful environmental factors. However, traditional toxicity test methods (e.g., animal models and cell lines) often fail to provide accurate results. Fortunately, organoids differentiated from stem cells can more accurately, sensitively and specifically reflect the effects of harmful environmental factors on the human body. They are also suitable for specific studies and are frequently used in environmental toxicology nowadays. As a combination of organoids and organ-on-a-chip technology, organoids-on-a-chip has great potential in environmental toxicology. It is more controllable to the physicochemical microenvironment and is not easy to be contaminated. It has higher homogeneity in the size and shape of organoids. In addition, it can achieve vascularization and exchange the nutrients and metabolic wastes in time. Multi-organoids-chip can also simulate the interactions of different organs. These advantages can facilitate better function and maturity of organoids, which can also make up for the shortcomings of common organoids to a certain extent. This review firstly discussed the limitations of traditional toxicology testing platforms, leading to the introduction of new platforms: organoids and organoids-on-a-chip. Next, the applications of different organoids and organoids-on-a-chip in environmental toxicology were summarized and prospected. Since the advantages of the new platforms have not been sufficiently considered in previous literature, we particularly emphasized them. Finally, this review also summarized the opportunities and challenges faced by organoids and organoids-on-a-chip, with the expectation that readers will gain a deeper understanding of their value in the field of environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Yiling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Ginga NJ, Slyman R. Double-Barrel Perfusion System for Modification of Luminal Contents of Intestinal Organoids. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2764:205-224. [PMID: 38393597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3674-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are 3D cultures of self-organized adult or pluripotent stem cells with an epithelial membrane enclosing a defined fluid-filled lumen. These organoids have been demonstrated with a wide range of organotypic tissue types, but the enclosed nature of the structure restricts access to the lumen and apical surface of the cell membrane. To increase the potential applications of organoids, new technologies are required to provide access to the lumen of the organoid and apical surface of the epithelial cell membrane to enable new biomedical studies. This chapter details a method to access the lumen and apical surface of an organoid utilizing a double-barrel pulled glass capillary and pressure-based pump. The organoid perfusion system uses a three-axis micromanipulator to position the double-barrel capillary to pierce the organoid with the tip of the capillary. Each barrel of the double-barrel capillary is controlled independently with the pressure-based pump to allow injection and removal of material into and from the lumen. Additionally, the organoid is immobilized with a custom-designed PDMS organoid holder. The design of the components for the organoid perfusion system and details on their use are presented here and can be utilized as the basis to enable a wide range of organoid studies including but not limited to modifying luminal contents and apical cell membrane interactions during organoid cultures, recapitulation of physiological flow within the normally static organoid lumen, and effects of mechanical strain on organoid cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ginga
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.
| | - Raleigh Slyman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Macedo MH, Dias Neto M, Pastrana L, Gonçalves C, Xavier M. Recent Advances in Cell-Based In Vitro Models to Recreate Human Intestinal Inflammation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301391. [PMID: 37736674 PMCID: PMC10625086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease causes a major burden to patients and healthcare systems, raising the need to develop effective therapies. Technological advances in cell culture, allied with ethical issues, have propelled in vitro models as essential tools to study disease aetiology, its progression, and possible therapies. Several cell-based in vitro models of intestinal inflammation have been used, varying in their complexity and methodology to induce inflammation. Immortalized cell lines are extensively used due to their long-term survival, in contrast to primary cultures that are short-lived but patient-specific. Recently, organoids and organ-chips have demonstrated great potential by being physiologically more relevant. This review aims to shed light on the intricate nature of intestinal inflammation and cover recent works that report cell-based in vitro models of human intestinal inflammation, encompassing diverse approaches and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Macedo
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Mafalda Dias Neto
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Catarina Gonçalves
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Miguel Xavier
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
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Cherwin AE, Templeton HN, Ehrlich AT, Patlin BH, Henry CS, Tobet SA. Microfluidic organotypic device to test intestinal mucosal barrier permeability ex vivo. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4126-4133. [PMID: 37655621 PMCID: PMC10498942 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00615h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
To protect the body from external pathogens, the intestines have sophisticated epithelial and mucosal barriers. Disruptions to barrier integrity are associated with a variety of disorders such as irritable bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease. One critical component of all barriers are collagens in the extracellular matrix. While the importance of the intestinal barrier is established, current models lack the ability to represent the complex biology that occurs at these barriers. For the current study a microfluidic device model was modified to determine the effectiveness of collagen breakdown to cause barrier disruption. Bacterial collagenase was added for 48 h to the luminal channel of a dual flow microfluidic device to examine changes in intestinal barrier integrity. Tissues exhibited dose-dependent alterations in immunoreactive collagen-1 and claudin-1, and coincident disruption of the epithelial monolayer barrier as indicated by goblet cell morphologies. This ex vivo model system offers promise for further studies exploring factors that affect gut barrier integrity and potential downstream consequences that cannot be studied in current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Cherwin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - Hayley N Templeton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexis T Ehrlich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Brielle H Patlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - Stuart A Tobet
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Saorin G, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F. Microfluidic organoids-on-a-chip: The future of human models. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:41-54. [PMID: 36241560 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics opened the possibility to model the physiological environment by controlling fluids flows, and therefore nutrients supply. It allows to integrate external stimuli such as electricals or mechanicals and in situ monitoring important parameters such as pH, oxygen and metabolite concentrations. Organoids are self-organized 3D organ-like clusters, which allow to closely model original organ functionalities. Applying microfluidics to organoids allows to generate powerful human models for studying organ development, diseases, and drug testing. In this review, after a brief introduction on microfluidics, organoids and organoids-on-a-chip are described by organs (brain, heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas) highlighting the microfluidic approaches since this point of view was overlooked in previously published reviews. Indeed, the review aims to discuss from a different point of view, primary microfluidics, the available literature on organoids-on-a-chip, standing out from the published literature by focusing on each specific organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
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13
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Wu L, Ai Y, Xie R, Xiong J, Wang Y, Liang Q. Organoids/organs-on-a-chip: new frontiers of intestinal pathophysiological models. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1192-1212. [PMID: 36644984 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organoids/organs-on-a-chip open up new frontiers for basic and clinical research of intestinal diseases. Species-specific differences hinder research on animal models, while organoids are emerging as powerful tools due to self-organization from stem cells and the reproduction of the functional properties in vivo. Organs-on-a-chip is also accelerating the process of faithfully mimicking the intestinal microenvironment. And by combining organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies, they further are expected to serve as innovative preclinical tools and could outperform traditional cell culture models or animal models in the future. Above all, organoids/organs-on-a-chip with other strategies like genome editing, 3D printing, and organoid biobanks contribute to modeling intestinal homeostasis and disease. Here, the current challenges and future trends in intestinal pathophysiological models will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Ruoxiao Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Jialiang Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
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14
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Busch M, Brouwer H, Aalderink G, Bredeck G, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Bouwmeester H. Investigating nanoplastics toxicity using advanced stem cell-based intestinal and lung in vitro models. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1112212. [PMID: 36777263 PMCID: PMC9911716 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic particles in the nanometer range-called nanoplastics-are environmental contaminants with growing public health concern. As plastic particles are present in water, soil, air and food, human exposure via intestine and lung is unavoidable, but possible health effects are still to be elucidated. To better understand the Mode of Action of plastic particles, it is key to use experimental models that best reflect human physiology. Novel assessment methods like advanced cell models and several alternative approaches are currently used and developed in the scientific community. So far, the use of cancer cell line-based models is the standard approach regarding in vitro nanotoxicology. However, among the many advantages of the use of cancer cell lines, there are also disadvantages that might favor other approaches. In this review, we compare cell line-based models with stem cell-based in vitro models of the human intestine and lung. In the context of nanoplastics research, we highlight the advantages that come with the use of stem cells. Further, the specific challenges of testing nanoplastics in vitro are discussed. Although the use of stem cell-based models can be demanding, we conclude that, depending on the research question, stem cells in combination with advanced exposure strategies might be a more suitable approach than cancer cell lines when it comes to toxicological investigation of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Busch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Brouwer
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Germaine Aalderink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Roel P. F. Schins
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Hans Bouwmeester,
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15
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Malaguarnera G, Graute M, Homs Corbera A. The translational roadmap of the gut models, focusing on gut-on-chip. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 1:62. [PMID: 37645178 PMCID: PMC10445823 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13709.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to model in vitro the intestine when seeking to include crosstalk with the gut microbiota, immune and neuroendocrine systems. Here we present a roadmap of the current models to facilitate the choice in preclinical and translational research with a focus on gut-on-chip. These micro physiological systems (MPS) are microfluidic devices that recapitulate in vitro the physiology of the intestine. We reviewed the gut-on-chips that had been developed in academia and industries as single chip and that have three main purpose: replicate the intestinal physiology, the intestinal pathological features, and for pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Graute
- R&D department, Cherry Biotech SAS, Rennes, Brittany, 35000, France
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16
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Malaguarnera G, Graute M, Homs Corbera A. The translational roadmap of the gut models, focusing on gut-on-chip. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 1:62. [PMID: 37645178 PMCID: PMC10445823 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13709.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to model in vitro the intestine when seeking to include crosstalk with the gut microbiota, immune and neuroendocrine systems. Here we present a roadmap of the current models to facilitate the choice in preclinical and translational research with a focus on gut-on-chip. These micro physiological systems (MPS) are microfluidic devices that recapitulate in vitro the physiology of the intestine. We reviewed the gut-on-chips that had been developed in academia and industries as single chip and that have three main purpose: replicate the intestinal physiology, the intestinal pathological features, and for pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Graute
- R&D department, Cherry Biotech SAS, Rennes, Brittany, 35000, France
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17
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Nash T, Vervelde L. Advances, challenges and future applications of avian intestinal in vitro models. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:317-329. [PMID: 35638458 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2084363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a rapidly growing interest in how the avian intestine is affected by dietary components and probiotic microorganisms, as well as its role in the spread of infectious diseases in both the developing and developed world. A paucity of physiologically relevant models has limited research in this essential field of poultry gut health and led to an over-reliance on the use of live birds for experiments. The intestine is characterized by a complex cellular composition with numerous functions, unique dynamic locations and interdependencies making this organ challenging to recreate in vitro. This review illustrates the in vitro tools that aim to recapitulate this intestinal environment; from the simplest cell lines, which mimic select features of the intestine but lack anatomical and physiological complexity, to the more recently developed complex 3D enteroids, which recreate more of the intestine's intricate microanatomy, heterogeneous cell populations and signalling gradients. We highlight the benefits and limitations of in vitro intestinal models and describe their current applications and future prospective utilizations in intestinal biology and pathology research. We also describe the scope to improve on the current systems to include, for example, microbiota and a dynamic mechanical environment, vital components which enable the intestine to develop and maintain homeostasis in vivo. As this review explains, no one model is perfect, but the key to choosing a model or combination of models is to carefully consider the purpose or scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Nash
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Ramírez-Flores CJ, Tibabuzo Perdomo AM, Gallego-López GM, Knoll LJ. Transcending Dimensions in Apicomplexan Research: from Two-Dimensional to Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cultures. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0002522. [PMID: 35412359 PMCID: PMC9199416 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00025-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum are among the most successful pathogens known in nature. They can infect a wide range of hosts, often remain undetected by the immune system, and cause acute and chronic illness. In this phylum, we can find parasites of human and veterinary health relevance, such as Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium, and Eimeria. There are still many unknowns about the biology of these pathogens due to the ethical and practical issues of performing research in their natural hosts. Animal models are often difficult or nonexistent, and as a result, there are apicomplexan life cycle stages that have not been studied. One recent alternative has been the use of three-dimensional (3D) systems such as organoids, 3D scaffolds with different matrices, microfluidic devices, organs-on-a-chip, and other tissue culture models. These 3D systems have facilitated and expanded the research of apicomplexans, allowing us to explore life stages that were previously out of reach and experimental procedures that were practically impossible to perform in animal models. Human- and animal-derived 3D systems can be obtained from different organs, allowing us to model host-pathogen interactions for diagnostic methods and vaccine development, drug testing, exploratory biology, and other applications. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the use of 3D systems applied to apicomplexans. We show the wide array of strategies that have been successfully used so far and apply them to explore other organisms that have been less studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Ramírez-Flores
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrés M. Tibabuzo Perdomo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gina M. Gallego-López
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura J. Knoll
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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Mahdieh Z, Cherne MD, Fredrikson JP, Sidar B, Sanchez HS, Chang CB, Bimczok D, Wilking JN. Granular Matrigel: restructuring a trusted extracellular matrix material for improved permeability. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35609584 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac7306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrigel is a polymeric extracellular matrix material produced by mouse cancer cells. Over the past four decades, Matrigel has been shown to support a wide variety of two- and three-dimensional cell and tissue culture applications including organoids. Despite widespread use, transport of molecules, cells, and colloidal particles through Matrigel can be limited. These limitations restrict cell growth, viability, and function and limit Matrigel applications. A strategy to improve transport through a hydrogel without modifying the chemistry or composition of the gel is to physically restructure the material into microscopic microgels and then pack them together to form a porous material. These 'granular' hydrogels have been created using a variety of synthetic hydrogels, but granular hydrogels composed of Matrigel have not yet been reported. Here we present a drop-based microfluidics approach for structuring Matrigel into a three-dimensional, mesoporous material composed of packed Matrigel microgels, which we call granular Matrigel. We show that restructuring Matrigel in this manner enhances the transport of colloidal particles and human dendritic cells (DCs) through the gel while providing sufficient mechanical support for culture of human gastric organoids (HGOs) and co-culture of human DCs with HGOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mahdieh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Michelle D Cherne
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Jacob P Fredrikson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Barkan Sidar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Humberto S Sanchez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Connie B Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - James N Wilking
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
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20
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Hajiabbas M, D'Agostino C, Simińska-Stanny J, Tran SD, Shavandi A, Delporte C. Bioengineering in salivary gland regeneration. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:35. [PMID: 35668440 PMCID: PMC9172163 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction impairs the life quality of many patients, such as patients with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer and patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Multiple SG engineering strategies have been considered for SG regeneration, repair, or whole organ replacement. An in-depth understanding of the development and differentiation of epithelial stem and progenitor cells niche during SG branching morphogenesis and signaling pathways involved in cell–cell communication constitute a prerequisite to the development of suitable bioengineering solutions. This review summarizes the essential bioengineering features to be considered to fabricate an engineered functional SG model using various cell types, biomaterials, active agents, and matrix fabrication methods. Furthermore, recent innovative and promising approaches to engineering SG models are described. Finally, this review discusses the different challenges and future perspectives in SG bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajiabbas
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Simińska-Stanny
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland.,3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Lee S, Hong CI. Organoids as Model Systems to Investigate Circadian Clock-Related Diseases and Treatments. Front Genet 2022; 13:874288. [PMID: 35559029 PMCID: PMC9086274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.874288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms exist in most cell types in mammals regulating temporal organization of numerous cellular and physiological processes ranging from cell cycle to metabolism. The master clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, processes light input and coordinates peripheral clocks optimizing organisms' survival and functions aligning with external conditions. Intriguingly, it was demonstrated that circadian rhythms in the mouse liver can be decoupled from the master clock under time-restricted feeding regimen when food was provided during their inactive phase. Furthermore, mouse liver showed clock-controlled gene expression even in the absence of the master clock demonstrating independent functions of peripheral clocks apart from the SCN. These findings suggest a dynamic relationship between the master and peripheral clocks and highlight potential functions of peripheral clocks independent of the master clock. Importantly, disruption of circadian rhythms correlates with numerous human ailments including cancer and metabolic diseases, suggesting that diseases may be exacerbated by disruption of circadian rhythms in the SCN and/or peripheral clocks. However, molecular mechanisms providing causative links between circadian rhythms and human diseases remain largely unknown. Recent technical advances highlighted PCS- and tissue-derived 3-dimensional organoids as in vitro organs that possess numerous applications ranging from disease modeling to drug screening. In this mini-review, we highlight recent findings on the importance and contributions of peripheral clocks and potential uses of 3D organoids investigating complex circadian clock-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian I. Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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22
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Li M, Gong J, Gao L, Zou T, Kang J, Xu H. Advanced human developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment using human organoid models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 235:113429. [PMID: 35325609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the field of toxicology leading to the advance of developmental toxicity assessment. Conventional animal models and in vitro two-dimensional models cannot accurately describe toxic effects and predict actual in vivo responses due to obvious inter-species differences between humans and animals, as well as the lack of a physiologically relevant tissue microenvironment. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived three-dimensional organoids are ideal complex and multicellular organotypic models, which are indispensable in recapitulating morphogenesis, cellular interactions, and molecular processes of early human organ development. Recently, human organoids have been used for drug discovery, chemical toxicity and safety in vitro assessment. This review discusses the recent advances in the use of human organoid models, (i.e., brain, retinal, cardiac, liver, kidney, lung, and intestinal organoid models) for developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment of distinct tissues/organs following exposure to pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, nanomaterials, and ambient air pollutants. Combining next-generation organoid models with innovative engineering technologies generates novel and powerful tools for developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment, and the rapid progress in this field is expected to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiahui Kang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
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23
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Multicellular Modelling of Difficult-to-Treat Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Possibilities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063147. [PMID: 35328567 PMCID: PMC8955095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers affecting the gastrointestinal system are highly prevalent and their incidence is still increasing. Among them, gastric and pancreatic cancers have a dismal prognosis (survival of 5–20%) and are defined as difficult-to-treat cancers. This reflects the urge for novel therapeutic targets and aims for personalised therapies. As a prerequisite for identifying targets and test therapeutic interventions, the development of well-established, translational and reliable preclinical research models is instrumental. This review discusses the development, advantages and limitations of both patient-derived organoids (PDO) and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) for gastric and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). First and next generation multicellular PDO/PDX models are believed to faithfully generate a patient-specific avatar in a preclinical setting, opening novel therapeutic directions for these difficult-to-treat cancers. Excitingly, future opportunities such as PDO co-cultures with immune or stromal cells, organoid-on-a-chip models and humanised PDXs are the basis of a completely new area, offering close-to-human models. These tools can be exploited to understand cancer heterogeneity, which is indispensable to pave the way towards more tumour-specific therapies and, with that, better survival for patients.
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24
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Synthetic developmental biology: Engineering approaches to guide multicellular organization. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:715-733. [PMID: 35276092 PMCID: PMC9023767 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms of various complexities self-organize in nature. Organoids are in vitro 3D structures that display important aspects of the anatomy and physiology of their in vivo counterparts and that develop from pluripotent or tissue-specific stem cells through a self-organization process. In this review, we describe the multidisciplinary concept of “synthetic developmental biology” where engineering approaches are employed to guide multicellular organization in an experimental setting. We introduce a novel classification of engineering approaches based on the extent of microenvironmental manipulation applied to organoids. In the final section, we discuss how engineering tools might help overcome current limitations in organoid construction.
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25
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Delon L, Gibson R, Prestidge C, Thierry B. Mechanisms of uptake and transport of particulate formulations in the small intestine. J Control Release 2022; 343:584-599. [PMID: 35149142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-scale particulate formulations are widely investigated towards improving the oral bioavailability of both biologics and drugs with low solubility and/or low intestinal permeability. Particulate formulations harnessing physiological intestinal transport pathways have recently yielded remarkably high oral bioavailabilities, illustrating the need for better understanding the specific pathways underpinning particle small intestinal absorption and the relative role of intestinal cells. Mechanistic knowledge has been hampered by the well acknowledged limitations of current in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models relevant to the human intestinal physiology and the lack of standardization in studies reporting absorption data. Here we review the relevant literature and critically discusses absorption pathways with a focus on the role of specific intestinal epithelial and immune cells. We conclude that while Microfold (M) cells are a valid target for oral vaccines, enterocytes play a greater role in the systemic bioavailability of orally administrated particulate formulations, particularly within the sub-micron size range. We also comment on less-reported mechanisms such as paracellular permeability of particles, persorption due to cell damage and uptake by migratory immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Delon
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Australia School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Clive Prestidge
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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26
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Ginga NJ, Slyman R, Kim GA, Parigoris E, Huang S, Yadagiri VK, Young VB, Spence JR, Takayama S. Perfusion System for Modification of Luminal Contents of Human Intestinal Organoids and Realtime Imaging Analysis of Microbial Populations. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:131. [PMID: 35056297 PMCID: PMC8779378 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are 3D cell structures that replicate some aspects of organ function and are organized with a polarized epithelium facing a central lumen. To enable more applications, new technologies are needed to access the luminal cavity and apical cell surface of organoids. We developed a perfusion system utilizing a double-barrel glass capillary with a pressure-based pump to access and modify the luminal contents of a human intestinal organoid for extended periods of time while applying cyclic cellular strain. Cyclic injection and withdrawal of fluorescent FITC-Dextran coupled with real-time measurement of fluorescence intensity showed discrete changes of intensity correlating with perfusion cycles. The perfusion system was also used to modify the lumen of organoids injected with GFP-expressing E. coli. Due to the low concentration and fluorescence of the E. coli, a novel imaging analysis method utilizing bacteria enumeration and image flattening was developed to monitor E. coli within the organoid. Collectively, this work shows that a double-barrel perfusion system provides constant luminal access and allows regulation of luminal contents and luminal mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Ginga
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.J.G.); (R.S.); (G.-A.K.); (E.P.)
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Raleigh Slyman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.J.G.); (R.S.); (G.-A.K.); (E.P.)
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ge-Ah Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.J.G.); (R.S.); (G.-A.K.); (E.P.)
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Eric Parigoris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.J.G.); (R.S.); (G.-A.K.); (E.P.)
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.H.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Veda K. Yadagiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.K.Y.); (V.B.Y.)
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.K.Y.); (V.B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.H.); (J.R.S.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.J.G.); (R.S.); (G.-A.K.); (E.P.)
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Cherne MD, Sidar B, Sebrell TA, Sanchez HS, Heaton K, Kassama FJ, Roe MM, Gentry AB, Chang CB, Walk ST, Jutila M, Wilking JN, Bimczok D. A Synthetic Hydrogel, VitroGel ® ORGANOID-3, Improves Immune Cell-Epithelial Interactions in a Tissue Chip Co-Culture Model of Human Gastric Organoids and Dendritic Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707891. [PMID: 34552484 PMCID: PMC8450338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosurveillance of the gastrointestinal epithelium by mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) is essential for maintaining gut health. However, studying the complex interplay between the human gastrointestinal epithelium and MNPs such as dendritic cells (DCs) is difficult, since traditional cell culture systems lack complexity, and animal models may not adequately represent human tissues. Microphysiological systems, or tissue chips, are an attractive alternative for these investigations, because they model functional features of specific tissues or organs using microscale culture platforms that recreate physiological tissue microenvironments. However, successful integration of multiple of tissue types on a tissue chip platform to reproduce physiological cell-cell interactions remains a challenge. We previously developed a tissue chip system, the gut organoid flow chip (GOFlowChip), for long term culture of 3-D pluripotent stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids. Here, we optimized the GOFlowChip platform to build a complex microphysiological immune-cell-epithelial cell co-culture model in order to study DC-epithelial interactions in human stomach. We first tested different tubing materials and chip configurations to optimize DC loading onto the GOFlowChip and demonstrated that DC culture on the GOFlowChip for up to 20 h did not impact DC activation status or viability. However, Transwell chemotaxis assays and live confocal imaging revealed that Matrigel, the extracellular matrix (ECM) material commonly used for organoid culture, prevented DC migration towards the organoids and the establishment of direct MNP-epithelial contacts. Therefore, we next evaluated DC chemotaxis through alternative ECM materials including Matrigel-collagen mixtures and synthetic hydrogels. A polysaccharide-based synthetic hydrogel, VitroGel®-ORGANOID-3 (V-ORG-3), enabled significantly increased DC chemotaxis through the matrix, supported organoid survival and growth, and did not significantly alter DC activation or viability. On the GOFlowChip, DCs that were flowed into the chip migrated rapidly through the V-ORG matrix and reached organoids embedded deep within the chip, with increased interactions between DCs and gastric organoids. The successful integration of DCs and V-ORG-3 embedded gastric organoids into the GOFlowChip platform now permits real-time imaging of MNP-epithelial interactions and other investigations of the complex interplay between gastrointestinal MNPs and epithelial cells in their response to pathogens, candidate drugs and mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Cherne
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Barkan Sidar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - T Andrew Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Humberto S Sanchez
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Kody Heaton
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Francis J Kassama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
| | - Mandi M Roe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Andrew B Gentry
- Bozeman GI Clinic, Deaconess Hospital, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Connie B Chang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Seth T Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Mark Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - James N Wilking
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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28
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Marx U, Accastelli E, David R, Erfurth H, Koenig L, Lauster R, Ramme AP, Reinke P, Volk HD, Winter A, Dehne EM. An Individual Patient's "Body" on Chips-How Organismoid Theory Can Translate Into Your Personal Precision Therapy Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728866. [PMID: 34589503 PMCID: PMC8473633 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first concepts for reproducing human systemic organismal biology in vitro were developed over 12 years ago. Such concepts, then called human- or body-on-a-chip, claimed that microphysiological systems would become the relevant technology platform emulating the physiology and morphology of human organisms at the smallest biologically acceptable scale in vitro and, therefore, would enable the selection of personalized therapies for any patient at unprecedented precision. Meanwhile, the first human organoids-stem cell-derived complex three-dimensional organ models that expand and self-organize in vitro-have proven that in vitro self-assembly of minute premature human organ-like structures is feasible, once the respective stimuli of ontogenesis are provided to human stem cells. Such premature organoids can precisely reflect a number of distinct physiological and pathophysiological features of their respective counterparts in the human body. We now develop the human-on-a-chip concepts of the past into an organismoid theory. We describe the current concept and principles to create a series of organismoids-minute, mindless and emotion-free physiological in vitro equivalents of an individual's mature human body-by an artificially short process of morphogenetic self-assembly mimicking an individual's ontogenesis from egg cell to sexually mature organism. Subsequently, we provide the concept and principles to maintain such an individual's set of organismoids at a self-sustained functional healthy homeostasis over very long time frames in vitro. Principles how to perturb a subset of healthy organismoids by means of the natural or artificial induction of diseases are enrolled to emulate an individual's disease process. Finally, we discuss using such series of healthy and perturbed organismoids in predictively selecting, scheduling and dosing an individual patient's personalized therapy or medicine precisely. The potential impact of the organismoid theory on our healthcare system generally and the rapid adoption of disruptive personalized T-cell therapies particularly is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Marx
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- TissUse GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rhiannon David
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Roland Lauster
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Xue Y, Seiler MJ, Tang WC, Wang JY, Delgado J, McLelland BT, Nistor G, Keirstead HS, Browne AW. Retinal organoids on-a-chip: a micro-millifluidic bioreactor for long-term organoid maintenance. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3361-3377. [PMID: 34236056 PMCID: PMC8387452 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide and medical care for advanced disease does not exist. Stem cell-derived retinal organoids (RtOgs) became an emerging tool for tissue replacement therapy. However, existing RtOg production methods are highly heterogeneous. Controlled and predictable methodology and tools are needed to standardize RtOg production and maintenance. In this study, we designed a shear stress-free micro-millifluidic bioreactor for nearly labor-free retinal organoid maintenance. We used a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer to fabricate a mold from which Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was cast. We optimized the chip design using in silico simulations and in vitro evaluation to optimize mass transfer efficiency and concentration uniformity in each culture chamber. We successfully cultured RtOgs at three different differentiation stages (day 41, 88, and 128) on an optimized bioreactor chip for more than 1 month. We used different quantitative and qualitative techniques to fully characterize the RtOgs produced by static dish culture and bioreactor culture methods. By analyzing the results from phase contrast microscopy, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistology, and electron microscopy, we found that bioreactor-cultured RtOgs developed cell types and morphology comparable to static cultured ones and exhibited similar retinal genes expression levels. We also evaluated the metabolic activity of RtOgs in both groups using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and found that the outer surface region of bioreactor cultured RtOgs had a comparable free/bound NADH ratio and overall lower long lifetime species (LLS) ratio than static cultured RtOgs during imaging. To summarize, we validated an automated micro-millifluidic device with significantly reduced shear stress to produce RtOgs of comparable quality to those maintained in conventional static culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Xue
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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30
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Organ-on-Chip Approaches for Intestinal 3D In Vitro Modeling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:351-367. [PMID: 34454168 PMCID: PMC8688162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest turnover rates in the human body, which is supported by intestinal stem cells. Culture models of intestinal physiology have been evolving to incorporate different tissue and microenvironmental elements. However, these models also display gaps that limit their similarity with native conditions. Microfluidics technology arose from the application of microfabrication techniques to fluid manipulation. Recently, microfluidic approaches have been coupled with cell culture, creating self-contained and modular in vitro models with easily controllable features named organs-on-chip. Intestine-on-chip models have enabled the recreation of the proliferative and differentiated compartments of the intestinal epithelium, the long-term maintenance of commensals, and the intraluminal perfusion of organoids. In addition, studies based on human primary intestinal cells have shown that these systems have a closer transcriptomic profile and functionality to the intestine in vivo, when compared with other in vitro models. The design flexibility inherent to microfluidic technology allows the simultaneous combination of components such as shear stress, peristalsis-like strain, 3-dimensional structure, oxygen gradient, and co-cultures with other important cell types involved in gut physiology. The versatility and complexity of the intestine-on-chip grants it the potential for applications in disease modeling, host-microbiota studies, stem cell biology, and, ultimately, the translation to the pharmaceutical industry and the clinic as a reliable high-throughput platform for drug testing and personalized medicine, respectively. This review focuses on the physiological importance of several components that have been incorporated into intestine-on-chip models and highlights interesting features developed in other types of in vitro models that might contribute to the refinement of these systems.
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31
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Piraino LR, Benoit DSW, DeLouise LA. Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Approaches: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cells 2021; 10:1723. [PMID: 34359893 PMCID: PMC8303463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland regeneration is important for developing treatments for radiation-induced xerostomia, Sjögren's syndrome, and other conditions that cause dry mouth. Culture conditions adopted from tissue engineering strategies have been used to recapitulate gland structure and function to study and regenerate the salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to highlight current trends in the field, with an emphasis on soluble factors that have been shown to improve secretory function in vitro. A PubMed search was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years and articles were evaluated to identify the most promising approaches and areas for further research. Results showed increasing use of extracellular matrix mimetics, such as Matrigel®, collagen, and a variety of functionalized polymers. Soluble factors that provide supportive cues, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and neurotrophic factors, as well as chemical inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR) have shown increases in important markers including aquaporin 5 (Aqp5); muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1); and keratin (K5). However, recapitulation of tissue function at in vivo levels is still elusive. A focus on identification of soluble factors, cells, and/or matrix cues tested in combination may further increase the maintenance of salivary gland secretory function in vitro. These approaches may also be amenable for translation in vivo to support successful regeneration of dysfunctional glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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32
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Yu Q, Kilik U, Holloway EM, Tsai YH, Harmel C, Wu A, Wu JH, Czerwinski M, Childs CJ, He Z, Capeling MM, Huang S, Glass IA, Higgins PDR, Treutlein B, Spence JR, Camp JG. Charting human development using a multi-endodermal organ atlas and organoid models. Cell 2021; 184:3281-3298.e22. [PMID: 34019796 PMCID: PMC8208823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organs are composed of diverse cell types that traverse transient states during organogenesis. To interrogate this diversity during human development, we generate a single-cell transcriptome atlas from multiple developing endodermal organs of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. We illuminate cell states, transcription factors, and organ-specific epithelial stem cell and mesenchyme interactions across lineages. We implement the atlas as a high-dimensional search space to benchmark human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (HIOs) under multiple culture conditions. We show that HIOs recapitulate reference cell states and use HIOs to reconstruct the molecular dynamics of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme emergence. We show that the mesenchyme-derived niche cue NRG1 enhances intestinal stem cell maturation in vitro and that the homeobox transcription factor CDX2 is required for regionalization of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme in humans. This work combines cell atlases and organoid technologies to understand how human organ development is orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umut Kilik
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christoph Harmel
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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33
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Murray BO, Flores C, Williams C, Flusberg DA, Marr EE, Kwiatkowska KM, Charest JL, Isenberg BC, Rohn JL. Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection: A Mystery in Search of Better Model Systems. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:691210. [PMID: 34123879 PMCID: PMC8188986 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide but are significantly understudied. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) accounts for a significant proportion of UTI, but a large number of other species can infect the urinary tract, each of which will have unique host-pathogen interactions with the bladder environment. Given the substantial economic burden of UTI and its increasing antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand UTI pathophysiology - especially its tendency to relapse and recur. Most models developed to date use murine infection; few human-relevant models exist. Of these, the majority of in vitro UTI models have utilized cells in static culture, but UTI needs to be studied in the context of the unique aspects of the bladder's biophysical environment (e.g., tissue architecture, urine, fluid flow, and stretch). In this review, we summarize the complexities of recurrent UTI, critically assess current infection models and discuss potential improvements. More advanced human cell-based in vitro models have the potential to enable a better understanding of the etiology of UTI disease and to provide a complementary platform alongside animals for drug screening and the search for better treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O. Murray
- Centre for Urological Biology, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Flores
- Centre for Urological Biology, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corin Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Deborah A. Flusberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Marr
- Department of Bioengineering, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Karolina M. Kwiatkowska
- Centre for Urological Biology, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph L. Charest
- Department of Bioengineering, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brett C. Isenberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Rohn
- Centre for Urological Biology, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Zilberman A, Cornelison RC. Microphysiological models of the central nervous system with fluid flow. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:72-83. [PMID: 34029679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 1,000 described neurological and neurodegenerative disorders affecting nearly 100 million Americans - roughly one third of the U.S. population. Collectively, treatment of neurological conditions is estimated to cost $800 billion every year. Lowering this societal burden will require developing better model systems in which to study these diverse disorders. Microphysiological systems are promising tools for modeling healthy and diseased neural tissues to study mechanisms and treatment of neuropathology. One major benefit of microphysiological systems is the ability to incorporate biophysical forces, namely the forces derived from biological fluid flow. Fluid flow in the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex but important element of physiology, and pathologies as diverse as traumatic or ischemic injury, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and natural aging have all been found to alter flow pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in three-dimensional microphysiological systems for studying the biology and therapy of CNS disorders and highlight the ability and growing need to incorporate biological fluid flow in these miniaturized model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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35
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Abbasi R, LeFevre TB, Benjamin AD, Thornton IJ, Wilking JN. Coupling fluid flow to hydrogel fluidic devices with reversible "pop-it" connections. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2050-2058. [PMID: 33861296 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are soft, water-based polymer gels that are increasingly used to fabricate free-standing fluidic devices for tissue and biological engineering applications. For many of these applications, pressurized liquid must be driven through the hydrogel device. To couple pressurized liquid to a hydrogel device, a common approach is to insert tubing into a hole in the gel; however, this usually results in leakage and expulsion of the tubing, and other options for coupling pressurized liquid to hydrogels remain limited. Here, we describe a simple coupling approach where microfluidic tubing is inserted into a plastic, 3D-printed bulb-shaped connector, which "pops" into a 3D-printed socket in the gel. By systematically varying the dimensions of the connector relative to those of the socket entrance, we find an optimal head-socket ratio that provides maximum resistance to leakage and expulsion. The resulting connection can withstand liquid pressures on the order of several kilopascals, three orders of magnitude greater than traditional, connector-free approaches. We also show that two-sided connectors can be used to link multiple hydrogels to one another to build complex, reconfigurable hydrogel systems from modular components. We demonstrate the potential usefulness of these connectors by established long-term nutrient flow through a 3D-printed hydrogel device containing bacteria. The simple coupling approach outlined here will enable a variety of applications in hydrogel fluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reha Abbasi
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. and Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Thomas B LeFevre
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. and Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Aaron D Benjamin
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Isaak J Thornton
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - James N Wilking
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. and Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, 214 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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36
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Motta JP, Wallace JL, Buret AG, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:314-334. [PMID: 33510461 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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An AY, Choi KYG, Baghela AS, Hancock REW. An Overview of Biological and Computational Methods for Designing Mechanism-Informed Anti-biofilm Agents. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:640787. [PMID: 33927701 PMCID: PMC8076610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.640787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are complex and highly antibiotic-resistant aggregates of microbes that form on surfaces in the environment and body including medical devices. They are key contributors to the growing antibiotic resistance crisis and account for two-thirds of all infections. Thus, there is a critical need to develop anti-biofilm specific therapeutics. Here we discuss mechanisms of biofilm formation, current anti-biofilm agents, and strategies for developing, discovering, and testing new anti-biofilm agents. Biofilm formation involves many factors and is broadly regulated by the stringent response, quorum sensing, and c-di-GMP signaling, processes that have been targeted by anti-biofilm agents. Developing new anti-biofilm agents requires a comprehensive systems-level understanding of these mechanisms, as well as the discovery of new mechanisms. This can be accomplished through omics approaches such as transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, which can also be integrated to better understand biofilm biology. Guided by mechanistic understanding, in silico techniques such as virtual screening and machine learning can discover small molecules that can inhibit key biofilm regulators. To increase the likelihood that these candidate agents selected from in silico approaches are efficacious in humans, they must be tested in biologically relevant biofilm models. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of in vitro and in vivo biofilm models and highlight organoids as a new biofilm model. This review offers a comprehensive guide of current and future biological and computational approaches of anti-biofilm therapeutic discovery for investigators to utilize to combat the antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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38
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Microfluidic based human-on-a-chip: A revolutionary technology in scientific research. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Fritsche E, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Kapr J, Galanjuk S, Hartmann J, Mertens PR, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Tigges J, Koch K. Stem Cells for Next Level Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006252. [PMID: 33354870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The call for a paradigm change in toxicology from the United States National Research Council in 2007 initiates awareness for the invention and use of human-relevant alternative methods for toxicological hazard assessment. Simple 2D in vitro systems may serve as first screening tools, however, recent developments infer the need for more complex, multicellular organotypic models, which are superior in mimicking the complexity of human organs. In this review article most critical organs for toxicity assessment, i.e., skin, brain, thyroid system, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and intestine are discussed with regards to their functions in health and disease. Embracing the manifold modes-of-action how xenobiotic compounds can interfere with physiological organ functions and cause toxicity, the need for translation of such multifaceted organ features into the dish seems obvious. Currently used in vitro methods for toxicological applications and ongoing developments not yet arrived in toxicity testing are discussed, especially highlighting the potential of models based on embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells of human origin. Finally, the application of innovative technologies like organs-on-a-chip and genome editing point toward a toxicological paradigm change moves into action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | | | - Julia Kapr
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Saskia Galanjuk
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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40
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Beaumont M, Blanc F, Cherbuy C, Egidy G, Giuffra E, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Wiedemann A. Intestinal organoids in farm animals. Vet Res 2021; 52:33. [PMID: 33632315 PMCID: PMC7905770 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In livestock species, the monolayer of epithelial cells covering the digestive mucosa plays an essential role for nutrition and gut barrier function. However, research on farm animal intestinal epithelium has been hampered by the lack of appropriate in vitro models. Over the past decade, methods to culture livestock intestinal organoids have been developed in pig, bovine, rabbit, horse, sheep and chicken. Gut organoids from farm animals are obtained by seeding tissue-derived intestinal epithelial stem cells in a 3-dimensional culture environment reproducing in vitro the stem cell niche. These organoids can be generated rapidly within days and are formed by a monolayer of polarized epithelial cells containing the diverse differentiated epithelial progeny, recapitulating the original structure and function of the native epithelium. The phenotype of intestinal organoids is stable in long-term culture and reflects characteristics of the digestive segment of origin. Farm animal intestinal organoids can be amplified in vitro, cryopreserved and used for multiple experiments, allowing an efficient reduction of the use of live animals for experimentation. Most of the studies using livestock intestinal organoids were used to investigate host-microbe interactions at the epithelial surface, mainly focused on enteric infections with viruses, bacteria or parasites. Numerous other applications of farm animal intestinal organoids include studies on nutrient absorption, genome editing and bioactive compounds screening relevant for agricultural, veterinary and biomedical sciences. Further improvements of the methods used to culture intestinal organoids from farm animals are required to replicate more closely the intestinal tissue complexity, including the presence of non-epithelial cell types and of the gut microbiota. Harmonization of the methods used to culture livestock intestinal organoids will also be required to increase the reproducibility of the results obtained in these models. In this review, we summarize the methods used to generate and cryopreserve intestinal organoids in farm animals, present their phenotypes and discuss current and future applications of this innovative culture system of the digestive epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France.
| | - Fany Blanc
- GABI, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Giorgia Egidy
- GABI, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Elisabetta Giuffra
- GABI, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | | | - Agnès Wiedemann
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, 37380, France.,IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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41
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Dheer R, Young VB. Stem-cell-derived models: tools for studying role of microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021; 37:15-22. [PMID: 33149049 PMCID: PMC7732204 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we will summarize the recent progress made in generating stem-cell-based organoid and enteroid models of the gastrointestinal tract and their importance in understanding the role of microbes in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and disease. RECENT FINDING Intestinal stem-cell-derived culture systems are self-organizing three-dimensional organotypic cultures that recapitulate many cellular, architectural and functional aspects of the human intestine. Progress has been made in the development of methods to incorporate additional cell lineages and physiological cues to better mimic the complexity of the intestine. Current model systems have facilitated both the study of gastrointestinal infections and interactions with normally nonpathogenic microbial residents of the gastrointestinal tract. These studies have illustrated how live microbes, or their metabolites, ligands and virulence factors influence epithelial cell differentiation, maintenance, repair, function and intestine development. SUMMARY Organotypic models are invaluable tools for studying host-microbe interactions that complement in-vivo experimental model systems. These models have evolved in terms of complexity and fidelity. The stem-cell-based models are already at forefront for studying host-microbe interactions and with continued development, the future looks even more promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Dheer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Vincent B Young
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
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42
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O'Connell L, Winter DC, Aherne CM. The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:624045. [PMID: 33681101 PMCID: PMC7925404 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.624045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting immune-mediated disorder affecting the gut. It is common in Westernized regions and is increasing in incidence in developing countries. At a molecular level, intrinsic deficiencies in epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, and mechanisms of immune response and resolution contribute to the development of IBD. Traditionally two platforms have been utilized for disease modeling of IBD; in-vitro monolayer cell culture and in-vivo animal models. Both models have limitations, including cost, lack of representative cell types, lack of complexity of cellular interactions in a living organism, and xenogeneity. Organoids, three-dimensional cellular structures which recapitulate the basic architecture and functional processes of the organ of origin, hold potential as a third platform with which to investigate the pathogenesis and molecular defects which give rise to IBD. Organoids retain the genetic and transcriptomic profile of the tissue of origin over time and unlike monolayer cell culture can be induced to differentiate into most adult intestinal cell types. They may be used to model intestinal host-microbe interactions occurring at the mucosal barrier, are amenable to genetic manipulation and can be co-cultured with other cell lines of interest. Bioengineering approaches may be applied to render a more faithful representation of the intestinal epithelial niche. In this review, we outline the concept of intestinal organoids, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the platform comparative to alternative models, and describe the translational applications of organoids in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren O'Connell
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincents' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des C Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincents' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Barron MR, Cieza RJ, Hill DR, Huang S, Yadagiri VK, Spence JR, Young VB. The Lumen of Human Intestinal Organoids Poses Greater Stress to Bacteria Compared to the Germ-Free Mouse Intestine: Escherichia coli Deficient in RpoS as a Colonization Probe. mSphere 2020; 5:e00777-20. [PMID: 33177212 PMCID: PMC7657587 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00777-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem-cell-derived human intestinal organoids (HIOs) are three-dimensional, multicellular structures that model a naive intestinal epithelium in an in vitro system. Several published reports have investigated the use of HIOs to study host-microbe interactions. We recently demonstrated that microinjection of the nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain ECOR2 into HIOs induced morphological and functional maturation of the HIO epithelium, including increased secretion of mucins and cationic antimicrobial peptides. In the current work, we use ECOR2 as a biological probe to further characterize the environment present in the HIO lumen. We generated an isogenic mutant in the general stress response sigma factor RpoS and employed this mutant to compare challenges faced by a bacterium during colonization of the HIO lumen relative to the germ-free mouse intestine. We demonstrate that the loss of RpoS significantly decreases the ability of ECOR2 to colonize HIOs, although it does not prevent colonization of germ-free mice. These results indicate that the HIO lumen is a more restrictive environment to E. coli than the germ-free mouse intestine, thus increasing our understanding of the HIO model system as it pertains to studying the establishment of intestinal host-microbe symbioses.IMPORTANCE Technological advancements have driven and will continue to drive the adoption of organotypic systems for investigating host-microbe interactions within the human intestinal ecosystem. Using E. coli deficient in the RpoS-mediated general stress response, we demonstrate that the type or severity of microbial stressors within the HIO lumen is more restrictive than those of the in vivo environment of the germ-free mouse gut. This study provides important insight into the nature of the HIO microenvironment from a microbiological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Barron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto J Cieza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David R Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Veda K Yadagiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Rajan A, Robertson MJ, Carter HE, Poole NM, Clark JR, Green SI, Criss ZK, Zhao B, Karandikar U, Xing Y, Margalef-Català M, Jain N, Wilson RL, Bai F, Hyser JM, Petrosino J, Shroyer NF, Blutt SE, Coarfa C, Song X, Prasad BVV, Amieva MR, Grande-Allen J, Estes MK, Okhuysen PC, Maresso AW. Enteroaggregative E. coli Adherence to Human Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Drives Segment and Host Specific Responses to Infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008851. [PMID: 32986782 PMCID: PMC7553275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a significant cause of acute and chronic diarrhea, foodborne outbreaks, infections of the immunocompromised, and growth stunting in children in developing nations. There is no vaccine and resistance to antibiotics is rising. Unlike related E. coli pathotypes that are often associated with acute bouts of infection, EAEC is associated with persistent diarrhea and subclinical long-term colonization. Several secreted virulence factors have been associated with EAEC pathogenesis and linked to disease in humans, less certain are the molecular drivers of adherence to the intestinal mucosa. We previously established human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) as a model system to study host-EAEC interactions and aggregative adherence fimbriae A (AafA) as a major driver of EAEC adherence to HIEs. Here, we report a large-scale assessment of the host response to EAEC adherence from all four segments of the intestine across at least three donor lines for five E. coli pathotypes. The data demonstrate that the host response in the duodenum is driven largely by the infecting pathotype, whereas the response in the colon diverges in a patient-specific manner. Major pathways altered in gene expression in each of the four enteroid segments differed dramatically, with responses observed for inflammation, apoptosis and an overwhelming response to different mucin genes. In particular, EAEC both associated with large mucus droplets and specific mucins at the epithelial surface, binding that was ameliorated when mucins were removed, a process dependent on AafA. Pan-screening for glycans for binding to purified AafA identified the human ligand as heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Removal of HSPG abrogated EAEC association with HIEs. These results may mean that the human intestine responds remarkably different to distinct pathobionts that is dependent on the both the individual and intestinal segment in question, and uncover a major role for surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans as tropism-driving factor in adherence and/or colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubama Rajan
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Robertson
- Molecular and Cell Biology-Mol. Regulation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Carter
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nina M. Poole
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Clark
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sabrina I. Green
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zachary K. Criss
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Boyang Zhao
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Umesh Karandikar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yikun Xing
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Mar Margalef-Català
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Reid L. Wilson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Joseph Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Noah F. Shroyer
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Molecular and Cell Biology-Mol. Regulation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - BV Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Manuel R. Amieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Pablo C. Okhuysen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Anthony W. Maresso
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Cassotta M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Calderón Iglesias R, Ruiz R, Elexpuru Zabaleta M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Links between Nutrition, Infectious Diseases, and Microbiota: Emerging Technologies and Opportunities for Human-Focused Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1827. [PMID: 32575399 PMCID: PMC7353391 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between nutrition and human infectious diseases has always been recognized. With the emergence of molecular tools and post-genomics, high-resolution sequencing technologies, the gut microbiota has been emerging as a key moderator in the complex interplay between nutrients, human body, and infections. Much of the host-microbial and nutrition research is currently based on animals or simplistic in vitro models. Although traditional in vivo and in vitro models have helped to develop mechanistic hypotheses and assess the causality of the host-microbiota interactions, they often fail to faithfully recapitulate the complexity of the human nutrient-microbiome axis in gastrointestinal homeostasis and infections. Over the last decade, remarkable progress in tissue engineering, stem cell biology, microfluidics, sequencing technologies, and computing power has taken place, which has produced a new generation of human-focused, relevant, and predictive tools. These tools, which include patient-derived organoids, organs-on-a-chip, computational analyses, and models, together with multi-omics readouts, represent novel and exciting equipment to advance the research into microbiota, infectious diseases, and nutrition from a human-biology-based perspective. After considering some limitations of the conventional in vivo and in vitro approaches, in this review, we present the main novel available and emerging tools that are suitable for designing human-oriented research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cassotta
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), 39001 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (R.C.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Tamara Yuliett Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Group, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Ruben Calderón Iglesias
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), 39001 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (R.C.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ruiz
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), 39001 Santander, Spain; (M.C.); (R.C.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Maria Elexpuru Zabaleta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Group, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Group, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Hosic S, Bindas AJ, Puzan ML, Lake W, Soucy JR, Zhou F, Koppes RA, Breault DT, Murthy SK, Koppes AN. Rapid Prototyping of Multilayer Microphysiological Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:2949-2963. [PMID: 34275297 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic organs-on-chips aim to realize more biorelevant in vitro experiments compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) static cell culture. Often such devices are fabricated via poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) soft lithography, which offers benefits (e.g., high feature resolution) along with drawbacks (e.g., prototyping time/costs). Here, we report benchtop fabrication of multilayer, PDMS-free, thermoplastic organs-on-chips via laser cut and assembly with double-sided adhesives that overcome some limitations of traditional PDMS lithography. Cut and assembled chips are economical to prototype ($2 per chip), can be fabricated in parallel within hours, and are Luer compatible. Biocompatibility was demonstrated with epithelial line Caco-2 cells and primary human small intestinal organoids. Comparable to control static Transwell cultures, Caco-2 and organoids cultured on chips formed confluent monolayers expressing tight junctions with low permeability. Caco-2 cells-on-chip differentiated ∼4 times faster, including increased mucus, compared to controls. To demonstrate the robustness of cut and assemble, we fabricated a dual membrane, trilayer chip integrating 2D and 3D compartments with accessible apical and basolateral flow chambers. As proof of concept, we cocultured a human, differentiated monolayer and intact 3D organoids within multilayered contacting compartments. The epithelium exhibited 3D tissue structure and organoids expanded close to the adjacent monolayer, retaining proliferative stem cells over 10 days. Taken together, cut and assemble offers the capability to rapidly and economically manufacture microfluidic devices, thereby presenting a compelling fabrication technique for developing organs-on-chips of various geometries to study multicellular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Hosic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adam J Bindas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Marissa L Puzan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Will Lake
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan R Soucy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fanny Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ryan A Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Principal Faculty, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shashi K Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Abigail N Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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47
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Sharma A, Sances S, Workman MJ, Svendsen CN. Multi-lineage Human iPSC-Derived Platforms for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:309-329. [PMID: 32142662 PMCID: PMC7159985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a powerful platform for disease modeling and have unlocked new possibilities for understanding the mechanisms governing human biology, physiology, and genetics. However, hiPSC-derivatives have traditionally been utilized in two-dimensional monocultures, in contrast to the multi-systemic interactions that influence cells in the body. We will discuss recent advances in generating more complex hiPSC-based systems using three-dimensional organoids, tissue-engineering, microfluidic organ-chips, and humanized animal systems. While hiPSC differentiation still requires optimization, these next-generation multi-lineage technologies can augment the biomedical researcher's toolkit and enable more realistic models of human tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Samuel Sances
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael J Workman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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48
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O'Connell L, Winter DC. Organoids: Past Learning and Future Directions. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:281-289. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des C. Winter
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
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49
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An S, Han SY, Cho SW. Hydrogel-integrated Microfluidic Systems for Advanced Stem Cell Engineering. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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