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Nawaz F, Ali M, Ahmad S, Yong Y, Rahman S, Naseem M, Hussain S, Razzaq A, Khan A, Ali F, Al Balushi RA, Al-Hinaai MM, Ali N. Carbon based nanocomposites, surface functionalization as a promising material for VOCs (volatile organic compounds) treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143014. [PMID: 39121955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Urban residential and industrial growth development affects sustainable and healthful indoor environments. Environmental issues are a global problem. The deterioration of indoor air quality has prompted the creation of several air cleansing techniques. This review explains how carbon-based materials have influenced the development of air purification systems using photocatalysis. These carbon-based materials offer unique properties and advantages in VOC removal processes. Biochar, produced from biomass pyrolysis, provides an environmentally sustainable solution with its porous structure and carbon-rich composition. Carbon quantum dots, with their quantum confinement effects and tunable surface properties, show promise in VOC sensing and removal applications. Polymers incorporating reduced graphene oxide demonstrate enhanced adsorption capabilities owing to the synergistic effects of graphene and polymer matrices. Activated carbon fibers, characterized by their high aspect ratio and interconnected porosity, provide efficient VOC removal with rapid kinetics. With their unique electronic and structural properties, graphitic carbon nitrides offer opportunities for photocatalytic degradation of VOCs under visible light. Catalysts integrated with MXene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial, exhibit enhanced catalytic activity for VOC oxidation reactions. Using various carbon-based materials in VOC removal showcases the versatility and effectiveness of carbon-based approaches in addressing environmental challenges associated with indoor air pollution. Metal-organic-framework materials are carbon-based compounds. It examines the correlation between VOC mineralization and specific characteristics of carbon materials, including surface area, adsorption capability, surface functional groups, and optoelectronic properties. Discussions include the basics of PCO, variables influencing how well catalysts degrade, and degradation mechanisms. It explores how technology will improve in the future to advance studies on healthy and sustainable indoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Nawaz
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Yang Yong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Suhaib Rahman
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Muhammad Naseem
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Sadam Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan.
| | - Rayya Ahmed Al Balushi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, P.O. Box 42, Ibra P.O. 400, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Mohammad M Al-Hinaai
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, P.O. Box 42, Ibra P.O. 400, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Nisar Ali
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China; Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, P.O. Box 42, Ibra P.O. 400, Sultanate of Oman.
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de Souza Carolino A, Freitas XMS, Macalia CMA, Soares JC, Soares AC, da Costa Pinto C, Barbosa ARC, de Araújo Bezerra J, Campelo PH, da Silva Paula MM, Lalwani PJ, Inada NM, Țãlu Ș, Malheiro A, Sanches EA. Virus adsorbent systems based on Amazon holocellulose and nanomaterials. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1933-1954. [PMID: 38563156 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The environment preservation has been an important motivation to find alternative, functional, and biodegradable materials to replace polluting petrochemicals. The production of nonbiodegradable face masks increased the concentration of microplastics in the environment, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives, such as the use of local by-products to create efficient and eco-friendly filtering materials. Furthermore, the use of smart materials can reduce the risk of contagion and virus transmission, especially in the face of possible mutations. The development of novel materials is necessary to ensure less risk of contagion and virus transmission, as well as to preserve the environment. Taking these factors into account, 16 systems were developed with different combinations of precursor materials (holocellulose, polyaniline [ES-PANI], graphene oxide [GO], silver nanoparticles [AgNPs], and activated carbon [AC]). Adsorption tests of the spike protein showed that the systems containing GO and AC were the most efficient in the adsorption process. Similarly, plate tests conducted using the VSV-IN strain cultured in HepG2 cells showed that the system containing all phases showed the greatest reduction in viral titer method. In agreement, the biocompatibility tests showed that the compounds extracted from the systems showed low cytotoxicity or no significant cytotoxic effect in human fibroblasts. As a result, the adsorption tests of the spike protein, viral titration, and biocompatibility tests showed that systems labeled as I and J were the most efficient. In this context, the present research has significantly contributed to the technological development of antiviral systems, with improved properties and increased adsorption efficiency, reducing the viral titer and contributing efficiently to public health. In this way, these alternative materials could be employed in sensors and devices for filtering and sanitization, thus assisting in mitigating the transmission of viruses and bacteria. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Sixteen virus adsorbent systems were developed with different combinations of precursor materials (holocellulose, polyaniline (ES-PANI), graphene oxide (GO), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and activated carbon (AC)). The system that included all of the nanocomposites holocellulose, PANI, GO, AgNPs, and AC showed the greatest reduction in viral titration. The biocompatibility tests revealed that all systems caused only mild or moderate cytotoxicity toward human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano de Souza Carolino
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Polymers (NANOPOL), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Coatrini Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrey Coatrini Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila da Costa Pinto
- Graduate Program in Physics (PPGFIS), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Aguyda Rayany Cavalcante Barbosa
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (FIOCRUZ-ILMD), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology (PPGIBA), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Araújo Bezerra
- Analytical Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pritesh Jaychand Lalwani
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (FIOCRUZ-ILMD), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology (PPGIBA), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mayumi Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ștefan Țãlu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology (PPGIBA), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomics (LABGEN), Hospital Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Edgar Aparecido Sanches
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Polymers (NANOPOL), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Aigbe UO, Lebepe TC, Oluwafemi OS, Osibote OA. Prediction and optimizing of methylene blue sequestration to activated charcoal/magnetic nanocomposites using artificial neutral network and response surface methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141751. [PMID: 38522674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Green synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) linked with activated charcoal (AC) (AC/Fe3O4 NCs) were exploited for methylene blue (MB) confiscation in this study. The AC/Fe3O4 NCs produced were characterized using TEM, FTIR, UV/Vis and XRD spectrometry. The Response-Surface-Methodology (RSM) was utilized to improve the experimental data for the MB sorption to AC/Fe3O4 NCs, with 20 experimental runs implemented through a central composite design (CCD) to assess the effect of sorption factors-initial MB concentration, pH and sorbent dosage effects on the response (removal-effectiveness). The quadratic model was discovered to ideally describe the sorption process, with an R2 value of 0.9857. The theoretical prediction of the experimental data using the Artificial-Neural-Network (ANN) model showed that the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) had a better performance criterion. Comparison between the modelled experimental and predicted data showed also that the LM algorithm had a high R2 of 0.9922, which showed NN model applicability for defining the sorption of MB to AC/Fe3O4 NCs with practical precision. The results of the non-linear fitting (NLF) of both isotherm and kinetic models, showed that the sorption of MB to AC/Fe3O4 NCs was perfectly described using the pseudo-second-order (PSOM) and Freundlich (FRHM) models. The estimated optimum sorption capacity was 455 mg g-1. Thermodynamically, the sorption of MB to AC/Fe3O4 NCs was shown to be non-spontaneous and endothermic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Thabang Calvin Lebepe
- Department of Chemical Sciences (Formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences (Formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Otolorin Adelaja Osibote
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Yao Y, Zuo H, Liu Y, Pang S, Lan L, Yao F, Wu Y, Liu Z. Efficient dye adsorption of mesoporous activated carbon from bamboo parenchyma cells by phosphoric acid activation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12873-12882. [PMID: 38650691 PMCID: PMC11034359 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to solve the environmental damage caused by the discharge of dyes as industrial wastewater, the development of efficient and sustainable adsorbents is the key, while most of the previous studies on bamboo parenchyma cells have focused on their microstructural, functional and mechanical properties, and few of the properties in adsorption have been investigated. To evaluate the role of the unique microstructure of bamboo parenchyma cells on adsorption after carbonization and activation, PC-based activated carbon (PPAC) was fabricated by the phosphoric acid activation method and tested for adsorption using methylene blue (MB). The effect of mesoporous structure on MB adsorption was investigated in detail using PPAC-30C impregnated with phosphoric acid at a concentration of 30%. The results showed that the adsorption performance was influenced by single-factor experiments (e.g., pH, activated carbon dosing). The adsorption isotherms and kinetics could conform to the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.983-0.994) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.822-0.991) respectively, and the maximum MB adsorption capacity of adsorbent was 576 mg g-1. The adsorption mechanism of MB on PPAC-30C includes physical adsorption, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and the π-π conjugation effect, which was dominated by physical adsorption. The results of this study show that PPAC has good application prospects for cationic dye removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Haifeng Zuo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Yijing Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Shenghua Pang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Liuqian Lan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Futi Yao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Yongyi Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Zhigao Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
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Nayak A, Karkare VP, Sadani K, Dasari H, Sivasamy A, Sundarabal N. Asphaltene-derived nanocomposites for the removal of emerging pollutants and its antimicrobial effects: batch and continuous column studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33049-8. [PMID: 38528220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are diverse ecotoxic materials requiring unique treatment for removal. Asphaltenes are environmentally hazardous carbon-rich solid waste product of the petroleum industry. In the current work, asphaltene-derived activated carbon (AC) was loaded with silver (Ag/AC) and used to remove amoxicillin (AMX) and tetracycline (TC) from aqueous phase. The prepared Ag/AC was characterised using FESEM, FTIR, XRD and surface area analysis. The FESEM micrographs confirmed the spherical silver nanoparticle-laden porous AC, and the BET surface area was found to be 213 m2/g. Batch adsorption studies were performed, and the equilibrium data were fit into adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. The Ag/AC exhibited superior monolayer adsorption capacity of 1012 mg/g and 770 mg/g for AMX and TC, respectively. The continuous column studies were also performed to evaluate the breakthrough parameters. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the adsorbent was evaluated using zone of inhibition studies. Ag/AC was found to have an 8-mm-diameter zone of microbial inhibition. The obtained results showed that Ag/AC was a promising material for the removal of antibiotics and inhibition of resistance-developed mutated microbes in effluent water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nayak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaishnavi P Karkare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapil Sadani
- Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshini Dasari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Arumugam Sivasamy
- Catalysis Science Laboratory & Cell for Industrial Safety and Risk Analysis (CISRA), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Nethaji Sundarabal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Sayed NSM, Ahmed ASA, Abdallah MH, Gouda GA. ZnO@ activated carbon derived from wood sawdust as adsorbent for removal of methyl red and methyl orange from aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5384. [PMID: 38443380 PMCID: PMC10915167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) and ZnO@AC composite derived from wood sawdust were prepared to be utilized as adsorbents for methyl red (MR) and methyl orange (MO) anionic dyes from the aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the AC and ZnO@AC composite toward both dyes was achieved in the strong acidic medium (pH = 3), and under stirring for 60 min. The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of MR and MO dyes onto the AC and ZnO@AC composite fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models confirmed the adsorption is controlled by external surfaces, and the adsorption is chemisorption process. The isotherm results indicated that the MR and MO dye adsorption occurred via monolayer adsorption, and the estimated maximum adsorption capacities of both dyes onto the ZnO@AC composite were higher than those achieved by AC. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The mechanism for MR, and MO dyes adsorption onto the AC and ZnO@AC composite is proposed to be controlled by electrostatic bonding, π-π interactions, and ion exchange, while H-bonding and n-π interactions were minor contributors. This study reveals the potential use of carbon-based adsorbents derived from wood sawdust for the removal of anionic dyes from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessma S M Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelaal S A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Gouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
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7
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Paparo R, Fortunato ME, Carotenuto G, Uggeri F, Nicolais L, Di Serio M, Trifuoggi M, Russo V. Iopamidol Abatement from Waters: A Rigorous Approach to Determine Physicochemical Parameters Needed to Scale Up from Batch to Continuous Operation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18983-18994. [PMID: 38085695 PMCID: PMC10753885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The abatement of iopamidol (IPM), an X-ray iodinated contrast agent, in aqueous solution using powdered activated carbon (PAC) as a sorbent was investigated in the present work. The material was characterized by various analytical techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. Both thermodynamic and kinetic experiments were conducted in a batch apparatus, and the effects of the initial concentration of IPM, the temperature, and the adsorbent bulk density on the adsorption kinetics were investigated. The adsorption isotherms were interpreted well using the Langmuir model. Moreover, it was demonstrated that IPM adsorption on PAC is spontaneous and exothermic (ΔH0 = -27 kJ mol-1). The adsorption kinetic data were described using a dynamic intraparticle model for fluid-solid adsorption kinetics (ADIM) allowing determination of a surface activation energy Es = 6 ± 1 kJ mol-1. Comparing the experimental results and the model predictions, a good model fit was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Paparo
- Chemical
Sciences Department, University of Naples
Federico II, IT-80126 Naples, Italy
- CeSMA—Centre
of Meteorologic and Avanced Thecnology Services, University of Naples Federico II, corso N. Protopisani 70, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Carotenuto
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council, SS Napoli/Portici, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Fulvio Uggeri
- Bracco
SpA, via Caduti di Marcinelle,
13, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Nicolais
- Materias
Srl, corso N. Protopisani
70, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Martino Di Serio
- Chemical
Sciences Department, University of Naples
Federico II, IT-80126 Naples, Italy
- CeSMA—Centre
of Meteorologic and Avanced Thecnology Services, University of Naples Federico II, corso N. Protopisani 70, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Chemical
Sciences Department, University of Naples
Federico II, IT-80126 Naples, Italy
- CeSMA—Centre
of Meteorologic and Avanced Thecnology Services, University of Naples Federico II, corso N. Protopisani 70, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Chemical
Sciences Department, University of Naples
Federico II, IT-80126 Naples, Italy
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Thatikayala D, Min B. Enhancing electrochemical nitrite sensing with a novel nanocomposite of activated carbon/carbon cloth derived from microbial biofilm. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115659. [PMID: 37696222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach was employed to fabricate a biofilm-derived activated carbon (BioAc) electrode on a carbon cloth (Cc) substrate for electrochemical nitrite sensing in water samples. The biofilm/Cc electrode was developed using a bioelectrochemical reactor, featuring a three-electrode system with nutrient media and microbial sources. The resultant biofilm electrode was activated at 450 °C for 2 h to eliminate impurities and enhance porosity. Morphological analysis of the BioAc/Cc electrode revealed a surface characterized by a compact film composed of numerous carbon nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibited broad, highly crystalline peaks, enhancing both the electrode surface area and conductivity. Amperometry tests on the modified BioAc/Cc electrodes demonstrated a detection limit of 0.015 μM, a sensitivity of 1946.54 μA mM-1 cm-2, and a linear range spanning 0.35-478.21 μM at neutral pH conditions. Moreover, the electrodes demonstrated good stability with a RSD of 2.25% after 60 days and high reproducibility with an RSD of 1.64%. Real-time results showed 99.2 and 100.1% recovery for tap water and drinking water, respectively, highlighting the potential for commercialization in the future. These findings suggest that the BioAc/Cc electrode holds substantial potential for precise nitrite detection in environmental and wastewater applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayakar Thatikayala
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Gowthaman S, Selvaraju T. Efficient integration of electrocoagulation treatment with the spray-pyrolyzed activated carbon coating on stainless steel electrodes for textile effluent-bath reuse with ease. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10938. [PMID: 37815304 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment was used to minimize and separate pollutants from textile industrial wastewater (TIWW), including high color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). To enhance the EC treatment efficiency, a novel strategy has been followed in the study that involves thin-film coating on 316 stainless steel (SS) electrodes with banana peel-derived activated carbon (BPAC) by dip coating, spin coating, or spray coating. Among the different types of coating, thickness and contact angle measurements have elucidated that the spray coating of BPAC on SS electrode is the best tool with minimum thickness and contact angle. In this study, a bare SS electrode was used as the anode and a thin-film spray-coated BPAC on the SS electrode was used as the cathode. Moreover, optimization plays a key role in EC treatment process, where operating conditions such as a current density of 10 mA/cm2 , contact time of 15 min, and a pH of 7 were fixed. As a result, the findings indicate comparatively high color removal of 98%, COD removal of 91%, TOC removal of 89.6%, and TDS removal of 68% are achieved with ease. Accordingly, in comparison with plain SS electrodes or dip- or spin-coated BPAC on SS electrodes, spray-coated BPAC on SS electrodes in EC treatment outperforms in removing high color, TOC, COD, and TDS. Overall, the study highlights the potential of EC treatment integrated with adsorption procedures for TIWW treatment. Particularly, the use of thin-film spray-coated BPAC on SS electrodes in the EC treatment process led to an effective and sustainable tool for treating and reuse of TIWW. It is due to its low operation and maintenance cost and studied in a short interval of time. Finally, the ultimate goal was firmly achieved in pilot-scale studies by the safe discharge into the environment or reuse of treated textile wastewater. Thus, it is a promising alternative with an environmentally friendly footprint that could be easily implemented in any textile industry premises. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Heavy metals, oils, facts, suspended solids, and other pollutants can be removed from industrial effluent by using electrocoagulation. The process is both cost-effective and energy-efficient, and it is easily integrated with other water treatment technologies. According to the findings of this study, minimum current density should be applied to BPAC-SS-coated electrodes by DC power supplies to treat textile industry effluents at low operating costs. When compared with a plain SS electrode, the spray-coated BPAC on SS electrode provides better performance in effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowthaman
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - T Selvaraju
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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10
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Kanwal A, Rehman R, Imran M, Samin G, Jahangir MM, Ali S. Phytoremediative adsorption methodologies to decontaminate water from dyes and organic pollutants. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26455-26474. [PMID: 37674490 PMCID: PMC10478504 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants and dyes cause major problems during ecofriendly wastewater treatment. To overcome this huge problem, several techniques have been considered and in practice for the safe disposal of organic pollutants in recent years; some of them are discussed and compared herein. This review focuses on new trends for wastewater treatment and compares them with certain other techniques alongside their pros and cons; adsorption is considered the safest among them. Adsorbents derived from agri-wastes have good capacity for the removal of these contaminants owing to their great sorption capacity, high reusability, easy operation, etc. Sometimes they need some modifications for the removal of dyes, which are also discussed in this review. This capacity of adsorbents to chelate dye molecules can be affected by factors, such as pH, the concentration of dyes and adsorbents, and temperature of the system. pH has direct influence on the ionization potential and charge on the outer surface of adsorbents. The findings on isotherms, kinetics, and desorption of plant waste-based biomaterials that are safe for the ecosystem and user friendly and are used for hazardous contaminant removal from water are summarized in this review. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are presented, and some other materials, such as CNTs and MOFs, are also discussed as efficient adsorbents for eliminating dyes from wastewater. Finally, it is predicted that the adsorption of dyes is a more feasible solution for this dye pollution problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kanwal
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore-54590 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Rehman
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore-54590 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore-54590 Pakistan
| | - Ghufrana Samin
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology (Lahore) Faisalabad Campus Pakistan
| | | | - Saadat Ali
- University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan
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11
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Goskula S, Siliveri S, Gujjula SR, Chirra S, Narayanan V. Synthesis of Sustainable Acid Biochar Catalysts Derived from Waste Biomass for Esterification of Glycerol. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Goskula
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004, Telangana India Telephone
| | - Suresh Siliveri
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004, Telangana India Telephone
- Department of Humanity and Sciences CMR College of Engineering and Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 501 401 India
| | - Sripal Reddy Gujjula
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004, Telangana India Telephone
| | - Suman Chirra
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004, Telangana India Telephone
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City 70101 Taiwan
| | - Venkatathri Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004, Telangana India Telephone
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Naskar P, Debnath S, Maiti A, Biswas B, Banerjee A. Low-Cost and Scalable Ni-Prussian Blue Analogue//Functionalized Carbon Based Na-Ion Systems for all Climate Operations. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200588. [PMID: 36196021 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a sodium ion based aqueous energy storage device with nickel prussian-blue-analogue (Ni-PBA) positive and functionalized carbon-black negative electrodes in 1 M Na2 SO4 electrolyte solution. The components required to develop the device, i. e., stainless steel (SS) current-collectors, absorbent-glass-mat separator, electrolyte, carbon-black, and precursors of Ni-PBA, are all environmentally benign and inexpensive. To minimize the corrosion of pristine-SS, polyaniline coating on the SS surface is applied by in situ electrodeposition method. The full cell exhibits a specific capacity of 28 mAh g-1 with 90 % Coulomb efficiency (@0.2C), an energy density of 34 Wh kg-1 (@20 W kg-1 ), a power density of 100 W kg-1 (@18 Wh kg-1 ) and a good life cycle (70 % capacity-retention over 500 cycles @1.0C rate) within the 0-1.2 V window. The cell performance is further tested under variable temperatures, and 0-50 °C range is reported to be the working window for this cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pappu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University-Kolkata, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Subhrajyoti Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University-Kolkata, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Apurba Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University-Kolkata, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Biplab Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University-Kolkata, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Anjan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University-Kolkata, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
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13
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Application of Molecular Imprinting for Creation of Highly Selective Sorbents for Extraction and Separation of Rare-Earth Elements. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040846. [PMID: 36850129 PMCID: PMC9961745 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of a molecular imprinting technique application for the creation of highly selective macromolecular sorbents for selective sorption of light and heavy rare-earth metals (for example, samarium and gadolinium, respectively) with subsequent separation from each other. These sorbents seem to be promising due to the fact that only the target rare-earth metal will be sorbed owing to the fact that complementary cavities are formed during the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers. In other words, the advantage of the proposed macromolecules is the absence of accompanying sorption of metals with close chemical properties. Two types of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were synthetized based on methacrylic acid (MAA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) functional monomers. The sorption properties (extraction degree, exchange capacity) of the MIPs were studied. The impact of template removal cycle count (from 20 to 35) on the sorption effectivity was studied. Laboratory experiments on selective sorption and separation of samarium and gadolinium from a model solution were carried out.
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Amalina F, Razak ASA, Krishnan S, Zularisam A, Nasrullah M. The effects of chemical modification on adsorbent performance on water and wastewater treatment - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 20:101259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Cha JS, Kim YM, Lee IH, Choi YJ, Rhee GH, Song H, Jeon BH, Lam SS, Khan MA, Andrew Lin KY, Chen WH, Park YK. Mitigation of hazardous toluene via ozone-catalyzed oxidation using MnOx/Sawdust biochar catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:119920. [PMID: 35977635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated catalytic ozone oxidation using a sawdust char (SDW) catalyst to remove hazardous toluene emitted from the chemical industry. The catalyst properties were analyzed by proximate, ultimate, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. In addition, hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction experiments were conducted to analyze the catalyst properties. The specific area and formation of micropores of SDC were improved by applying KOH treatment. MnOx/SDC-K3 exhibited a higher toluene removal efficiency of 89.7% after 100 min than MnOx supported on activated carbon (MnOx/AC) with a removal efficiency of 6.6%. The higher (Oads (adsorbed oxygen)+Ov(vacancy oxygen))/OL (lattice oxygen) and Mn3+/Mn4+ ratios of MnOx/SDC-K3 than those of MnOx/AC seemed to be important for the catalytic oxidation of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Cha
- Material Technology Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Hack Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, 02504, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustain. Circular Economy, Tunghai Univ., Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical. Engineering, National Chin-Yi Univ. of Technol., Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Sema AI, Bhattacharyya J. Biochar derived from waste bamboo shoots for the biosorptive removal of ferrous ions from aqueous solution. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Rani P, Alegaonkar AP, Biswas R, Jewariya Y, Kanta Haldar K, Alegaonkar PS. Reduced graphene oxide doped tellurium nanotubes for high performance supercapacitor. Front Chem 2022; 10:1027554. [PMID: 36329860 PMCID: PMC9623563 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1027554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors have been achieving great interest in energy storage systems for the past couple of decades. Such devices with superior performance, mainly, depending on the material architecture of the electrodes. We report on the preparation of Tellurium nanotubes (Te-tubes diameter ∼100 nm and length ∼700 nm), with variable doping of conducting network reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to fabricate high-performance electrode characteristics of rGO @ Te. The prepared material was characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques, including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda measurements. FTIR study revealed that 15% rGO @ Te has a wide C-O vibration band at ∼ 1,100–1,300 cm−1, over other compositions. FESEM study shows the Te-tubes dispersion in rGO layers. The EDX study revealed that 15% of the composition has an optimistic concentration of C and O elements. In other compositions, either at lower/higher rGO concentration, an uneven count of C and O is observed. These support efficient charge dynamics to achieve superior ultra-capacitor characteristics, thereby achieving specific capacitance Csp 170 + F/g @ 10 mV/s in a symmetric configuration. The reported values are thirty times higher than pristine Te-tubes (∼5 F/g). This finding suggests that rGO @ Te is a promising candidate for supercapacitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Rani
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Rathindranath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Yogesh Jewariya
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Krishna Kanta Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Prashant S. Alegaonkar
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
- *Correspondence: Prashant S. Alegaonkar,
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18
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Naihi H, Baini R, Yakub I. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of cadmium onto NaOH-treated oil palm empty fruit bunch. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Martinez J, Colán M, Catillón R, Huamán J, Paria R, Sánchez L, Rodríguez JM. Desalination Using the Capacitive Deionization Technology with Graphite/AC Electrodes: Effect of the Flow Rate and Electrode Thickness. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070717. [PMID: 35877920 PMCID: PMC9320340 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging water desalination technology whose principle lies in ion electrosorption at the surface of a pair of electrically charged electrodes. The aim of this study was to obtain the best performance of a CDI cell made of activated carbon as the active material for water desalination. In this work, electrodes of different active layer thicknesses were fabricated from a slurry of activated carbon deposited on graphite sheets. The as-prepared electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, and their physical properties were also studied using SEM and DRX. A CDI cell was fabricated with nine pairs of electrodes with the highest specific capacitance. The effect of the flow rate on the electrochemical performance of the CDI cell operating in charge–discharge electrochemical cycling was analyzed. We obtained a specific absorption capacity (SAC) of 10.2 mg/g and a specific energetic consumption (SEC) of 217.8 Wh/m3 at a flow rate of 55 mL/min. These results were contrasted with those available in the literature; in addition, other parameters such as Neff and SAR, which are necessary for the characterization and optimal operating conditions of the CDI cell, were analyzed. The findings from this study lay the groundwork for future research and increase the existing knowledge on CDI based on activated carbon electrodes.
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20
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Sonal S, Acharya S, Mishra BK. Mesoporous carbon structure impregnated with 2D engineered zirconium: A sustainable adsorbent for the removal of dyes from the aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115009. [PMID: 35421720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The key designing of new breeds of the adsorbents aimed to improve the physical, chemical and textural morphology along with surface functionalization, selectivity toward the contaminants, and regenerations efficiency. In this aspect, two adsorbents named wet oxidative and ultrasonicated zirconium impregnated composite, have been synthesized through two routes, i.e., wet oxidation and ultrasonication. In wet oxidation method, carbon-based materials are oxidized using an oxidant followed by impregnation, while in ultrasonication assisted route, the impregnation is carried out using acoustic phenomenon. The characterization study revealed that the wet oxidation process is more competent in impregnating zirconium and developing diverse porosity and functionalities. The maximum adsorption capacity of wet oxidative adsorbent was 812 mg/g for Reactive Blue 19 and 203.18 mg/g for Methylene Blue, that accentuated the efficiency of the adsorbent over raw activated carbon. The electrostatic interaction, hydrogen-bonding and ligand exchange phenomenon are the involved adsorption mechanism for dyes. The regeneration study finally asserts that the wet oxidative adsorbent shows an insignificant decrease in its capacity up to the 5th-cycle (i.e., 87.67% removal at 5th cycle) as compared to raw AC (46.71% removal at 5th cycle). Further, a continuous fixed-bed column study revealed a significant correlation between experimental breakthrough data and kinetic data. Thus, the developed adsorbent has a sedulous adsorption capacity to remove the most stubborn toxic dyes and can be used in industrial-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonalika Sonal
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Sourav Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Singh A, Mishra BK. Solar light-driven photocatalysis using BaFe 2O 4/rGO for chlorhexidine digluconate-contaminated water: comparison with artificial UV and visible light-mediated photocatalysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30739-30753. [PMID: 34993796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of dual functioning material is an effective approach for the promotion of organic pollutant degradation through adsorption as well as photocatalysis. Herein, graphene oxide was modified by the addition of barium nitrate and iron to construct a smooth sheet-like structure (BaFe2O4/rGO) for the removal of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD). Compared with GO (75.69%-UV light; 88.17%-visible light), BaFe2O4/rGO showed significant adsorption-photocatalysis effect under visible light (93.95%) than that under UV light (78.17%). The introduction of barium nitrate and iron into graphene oxide leads to a smooth porous structure with increased surface area (93.66 m2 g-1), which resulted in a large number of adsorption active sites and great photocatalytic activity with efficient charge separation. Although catalysts did not mineralize CHD completely, but the parent compound mineralized to some extent, which was confirmed by the TOC measurement and UV254 absorbance variation. In addition, toxicity of degraded products was analysed by bacterial susceptibility test on Bacillus cereus DPAML065, suggesting that nontoxic by-products of CHD were formed, which leads to their safe disposal. Based on the identified transformed products, the possible degradation pathway was proposed. Batch studies demonstrated that BaFe2O4/rGO is highly photoactive based on reaction rate constant (R2 = 0.984), where the kinetics data were well-fitted using the pseudo-first order. Moreover, efficiency of catalysts was examined under solar light to achieve the sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines), Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad-826004, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines), Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad-826004, India.
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22
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Cho EC, Chang-Jian CW, Lu CZ, Huang JH, Hsieh TH, Wu NJ, Lee KC, Hsu SC, Weng HC. Bio-Phenolic Resin Derived Porous Carbon Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitor. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:575. [PMID: 35160564 PMCID: PMC8840653 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) with high surface area of 1604.9 m2/g is prepared by the pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust using CaCO3 as a hard template. The bio-oil pyrolyzed from the rubber sawdust, followed by the polymerization reaction to form resole phenolic resin, can be used as a carbon source to prepare HPC. The biomass-derived HPC shows a three-dimensionally interconnected morphology which can offer a continuous pathway for ionic transport. The symmetrical supercapacitors based on the as-prepared HPC were tested in 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate electrolyte. The results of electrochemical analysis show that the HPC-based supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 113.3 F/g at 0.5 A/g with superior rate capability and cycling stability up to 5000 cycles. Hybrid lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) based on the HPC and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) were also fabricated. The LICs have a maximum energy density of 113.3 Wh/kg at a power density of 281 W/kg. Moreover, the LIC also displays a remarkable cycling performance with a retention of 92.8% after 3000 cycles at a large current density of 0.75 A/g, suggesting great potential application in the energy storage of the LIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Chieh Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
| | - Cai-Wan Chang-Jian
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, I-Shou University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd., Dashu District, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Zhang Lu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 195, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Hsien Huang
- Department of Green Material Technology, Green Technology Research Institute, CPC Corporation, No. 2, Zuonan Rd., Nanzi District, Kaohsiung City 81126, Taiwan; (J.-H.H.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Tzu-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Green Material Technology, Green Technology Research Institute, CPC Corporation, No. 2, Zuonan Rd., Nanzi District, Kaohsiung City 81126, Taiwan; (J.-H.H.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Nian-Jheng Wu
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Kuen-Chan Lee
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, No. 134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Huei Chu Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chungpei Road, Chungli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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Oxidation of VOCs on a highly stabilized furfuryl alcohol-based activated carbon supported nickel oxide catalyst. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jha MK, Joshi S, Sharma RK, Kim AA, Pant B, Park M, Pant HR. Surface Modified Activated Carbons: Sustainable Bio-Based Materials for Environmental Remediation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3140. [PMID: 34835907 PMCID: PMC8621204 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and water/air contamination caused by human activities are major challenges in environmental pollution and climate change. The improper discharge of a large amount of agro-forest byproduct is accelerating these issues mainly in developing countries. The burning of agricultural byproducts causes global warming, whereas their improper waste management causes water/air pollution. The conversion of these waste materials into effective smart materials can be considered as a promising strategy in waste management and environmental remediation. Over the past decades, activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from various agricultural wastes and extensively used as adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of ACs is linked to a well-developed porous structure, large specific surface area, and rich surface functional moieties. Activated carbon needs to increase their adsorption capacity, especially for specific adsorbates, making them suitable for specific applications, and this is possible by surface modifications of their surface chemistry. The modifications of surface chemistry involve the introduction of surface functional groups which can be carried out by various methods such as acid treatment, alkaline treatment, impregnation, ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and so on. Depending on the treatment methods, surface modification mainly affects surface chemistry. In this review, we summarized several modification methods for agricultural-waste-based ACs. In addition, the applications of AC for the adsorption of various pollutants are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jha
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Sahira Joshi
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Allison A Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Korea;
| | - Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Hem Raj Pant
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
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25
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Sevgili İ, Dilmaç ÖF, Şimşek B. An environmentally sustainable way for effective water purification by adsorptive red mud cementitious composite cubes modified with bentonite and activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Surface, textural and catalytic properties of pyridinium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid heterogenized on activated carbon carrier. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Pala SL, Kebede Biftu W, Suneetha M, Ravindhranath K. Simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium ions from simulant and industrial waste water: using Calophyllum Inophyllum plant materials as sorbents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:637-651. [PMID: 34410178 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1961121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The merit of this investigation is that simple and effective bio-sorbents based on Calophyllum inophyllum plant materials with high sorption capacities, are developed for the simultaneous removal of the toxic Pb2+ and Cd2+ at neutral or nearly neutral pHs. These sorbents are successful in water remediation of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions from real effluents from industries. These findings have great significance as the identified bio-sorbents are simple, effective and renewable in extracting highly toxic lead and cadmium ions from the effluents from industries or polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Latha Pala
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, India
| | - Wondwosen Kebede Biftu
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, India
- Ethiopian Radiation Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - M Suneetha
- Department of Chemistry, RGUKT-Srikakulam, Srikakulam, India
| | - Kunta Ravindhranath
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, India
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28
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Ioffe M, Long M, Radian A. Systematic evaluation of activated carbon-Fe 3O 4 composites for removing and degrading emerging organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111187. [PMID: 33964308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a comparative activity assessment of several activated carbon (AC) and AC-Fe3O4 composites was performed to evaluate their efficiency and versatility as Fenton-like catalysts. Although many studies have demonstrated the advantages of AC-based materials as Fenton-like catalysts, most have been developed using only one oxidant and/or one pollutant. Here, untreated (AC0) and acid-treated AC (ACA) iron-oxide composites were synthesized, characterized, and compared in terms of activity to bare AC using several oxidants and pollutants, the activation efficiency of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8), and the subsequent oxidation extent and kinetics of bisphenol-A, atrazine, and carbamazepine by the AC-based materials were studied in depth. The persulfate-based systems showed considerably higher pollutant removal in the presence of the catalysts, despite lower persulfate decomposition rates: atrazine and carbamazepine were partially degraded, mainly through a radical-dependent pathway; the highest removal of atrazine was achieved with the ACA-iron composite, whereas carbamazepine was best removed by the AC0-iron composite. In contrast, bisphenol A was completely mineralized, probably via a non-radical pathway, in the presence of all AC-based composites, even at very low persulfate concentrations. Furthermore, bisphenol A removal remained high for several consecutive cycles, with the most efficient removal and stability observed in the presence of ACA. These findings reveal the high complexity of AC-based systems, with multiple binding sites and degradation pathways unique to each combination of pollutants, catalysts, and oxidants. In general, the composition of the waste stream governs the applicability of these materials. Thus, the structure-function correlations and degradation mechanisms revealed here are crucial for improving sorbent-catalyst design and accelerating the implementation of low-cost remediation and in situ regeneration technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ioffe
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Adi Radian
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature during Valorization of Date Stones on Physiochemical Properties of Activated Carbon and Its Catalytic Activity for the Oxidation of Cycloalkenes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents findings on the chemical synthesis of activated carbon from Saudi dates and its structural, chemical, and catalytic properties. Dates are among the top biowaste materials in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and efforts are underway to utilize this resource. A chemical pyrolysis method was used to synthesize activated carbon from date stones. Synthesized activated carbon was calcined at different temperatures of 400, 500, 600, and 700 °C, and the impact of calcination temperature on the properties of activated carbon was investigated. For this purpose, contemporary characterization tools, namely, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, DSC, and XPS, were employed. Results are discussed and compared with associated studies. Finally, the catalytic activity of gold-deposited activated carbon for the oxidation of cycloalkenes was evaluated, and it was found that the calcination temperature has a linear positive relationship with the catalytic activity.
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30
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Gupta B, Ambekar RS, Tromer RM, Ghosal PS, Sinha R, Majumder A, Kumbhakar P, Ajayan PM, Galvao DS, Gupta AK, Tiwary CS. Development of a schwarzite-based moving bed 3D printed water treatment system for nanoplastic remediation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19788-19796. [PMID: 35479224 PMCID: PMC9033670 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of micro and nanoplastic debris on our aquatic ecosystem is among the most prominent environmental challenges we face today. In addition, nanoplastics create significant concern for environmentalists because of their toxicity and difficulty in separation and removal. Here we report the development of a 3D printed moving bed water filter (M-3DPWF), which can perform as an efficient nanoplastic scavenger. The enhanced separation of the nanoplastics happens due to the creation of a charged filter material that traps the more surface charged nanoparticles selectively. Synthetic contaminated water from polycarbonate waste has been tested with the filter, and enhanced nanoplastic removal has been achieved. The proposed filtration mechanism of surface-charge based water cleaning is further validated using density function theory (semi-empirical) based simulation. The filter has also shown good structural and mechanical stability in both static and dynamic water conditions. The field suitability of the novel treatment system has also been confirmed using water from various sources, such as sea, river, and pond. Our results suggest that the newly developed water filter can be used for the removal of floating nanoparticles in water as a robust advanced treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Rushikesh S Ambekar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Raphael M Tromer
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-859-Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Rupal Sinha
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Partha Kumbhakar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - P M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Douglas S Galvao
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-859-Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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31
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Deepa A, Singh A, Singh A, Mishra BK. An experimental approach for the utilization of tannery sludge-derived Bacillus strain for biosorptive removal of Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9864-9876. [PMID: 33159227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption efficacy of Bacillus strain DPAML065, isolated from the tannery sludge, was appraised for the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (VI) ions from synthetic wastewater. Effects of the process variable on biosorbent surface by variation in pH, metal Cr(VI) concentration and retention time were examined using batch experiments. The isolated Bacillus strain biosorbent was studied for its morphology and surface chemistry through FE-SEM, EDX and FTIR. It discloses that, the reduction mechanism of Cr(VI) during the process is mainly attributed to precipitation in addition to the functional groups (such as -COOH, -OH, C-O, P=O) present on the cellular matrix of Bacillus. Biochemical tests and 16s rRNA sequencing were also performed to identify the biosorbent at the genus level. A 95% Cr(VI) removal efficiency was procured by Bacillus strain DPAML065 biosorbent at pH 6, incubation period 24 h, 80 mg/L initial feed concentration and operational temperature 35 °C. Equilibrium behaviour of chromium binding follows the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.968) with an adsorption capacity of 106.38 mg/g. Kinetic modelling disseminates that biosorption of Cr(VI) ions by Bacillus strain DPAML065 obeyed pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.984) rather than the pseudo-first-order model. Concisely, the results indicate that the Bacillus strain DPAML065 is a potential, economically feasible and eco-friendly biosorbent which can be effectively used for removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arukula Deepa
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand,, 826004, India
| | - Astha Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand,, 826004, India
| | - Aakansha Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand,, 826004, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand,, 826004, India.
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32
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Huang X, Zhao T, Zhang H, Yan C, Sha J, Tang H, Zhu H, Wu Y. Dual-purpose high-efficiency air filter paper loaded with reactive zirconium hydroxide for the filtration aerosols and degradation of chemical warfare agents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35245-35257. [PMID: 35493143 PMCID: PMC9042809 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional air filter papers can only filter toxic aerosols without the function of decontamination. If the poison stagnating in the paper is desorbed, it may pose a secondary threat to personnel and make it more difficult to dispose of the scrapped paper. Using an alkali-free glass fiber as the base material and zirconium hydroxide as the decontaminant, a self-decontaminating air filter paper that can degrade HD and VX simultaneously was successfully prepared by an intra-pulp addition method, with high filtration efficiency, low pressure drop and moderate tensile strength. The physicochemical properties were characterized by FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and TGA, and the results indicated that Zr(OH)4 was dispersed uniformly in the paper and filled in the interstices of the glass fiber. The preparation of the composite material had no impact on the structure of fibers and Zr(OH)4. The preparation technology of the self-decontaminating air filter paper was optimized. It was found that the paper with a fiber grammage of 50 g m−2, the adhesive of 2% and a Zr(OH)4 retention rate of 175.0 wt% could completely degrade HD and VX, whose conversion rate exceeded 99.0%, and had a tensile strength of 0.1193 kN m−1, a filtration efficiency of 99.995%, and a pressure drop of 313.6 Pa. Using GC-MS to detect the decontamination products, it was speculated that HD mainly underwent hydrolysis and elimination reactions, VX mainly underwent hydrolysis and polymerization reactions, and their products were non-toxic or low-toxic. The reaction kinetics of HD and VX on the paper was investigated and the half-lives were 2.6 h and 16.2 min, respectively, which demonstrated an outstanding degradation performance. This work manifested for the first time that the air filter paper can be optimized as an efficient self-decontaminating material, which will open up new possibilities for the design and manufacture of multifunctional protective materials. Dual-functional air filter paper with addition of Zr(OH)4 was prepared by an intra-pulp addition method, whose filtration performance is maintained while the decontamination performance is added for HD and VX.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Huang
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Defense Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chunxiao Yan
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Jiulong Sha
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Defense Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030000, China
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