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Xu K, Zhou ZN, Han XB, Yang YW, Zhang W, Ye Q. Shape Shifting and Locking in Mechanically Responsive Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Thermoelastic Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408247. [PMID: 38837719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The construction of mechanically responsive materials with reversible shape-shifting, shape-locking, and stretchability holds promise for a wide range of applications in fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronics. Here, we report novel thermoelastic one-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrids (R/S-Hmpy)PbI3 (Hmpy=2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidinium) to show mechanical responses. The single crystals undergo two phase transitions at 310 K and 380 K. When heated to 380 K, they show shape-shifting and expansion along the b-axis by about 13.4 %, corresponding to a larger deformation than that of thermally activated shape memory alloys (8.5 %), and exhibit a strong actuation force. During the cooling process, the stretched crystal shape maintains and a shape-locking phenomenon occurs, which is lifted when the temperature decreases to 305 K. Meanwhile, due to the introduction of chiral ions, the thermal switching shows a 10-fold second-order nonlinear switching contrast (common values typically below 3-fold). This study presents a thermoelastic actuator based on shape-shifting and -locking of organic-inorganic hybrids for the first time. The dielectric and nonlinear optical switching properties of organic-inorganic hybrids broaden the range of applications of mechanically responsive crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Bin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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2
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Khan S, Mir MH. Photomechanical properties in metal-organic crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7555-7565. [PMID: 38953709 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of materials that can effectively convert photon energy (light) into motion (mechanical work) and change their shapes on command is of great interest for their potential in the fabrication of devices (powered by light) that will revolutionize the technologies of optical actuators, smart medical devices, soft robotics, artificial muscles and flexible electronics. Recently, metal-organic crystals have emerged as desirable smart hybrid materials that can hop, split and jump. Thus, their incorporation into polymer host objects can control movement from molecules to millimetres, opening up a new world of light-switching smart materials. This feature article briefly summarizes the recent part of the fast-growing literature on photomechanical properties in metal-organic crystals, such as coordination compounds, coordination polymers (CPs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The article highlights the contributions of our group along with others in this area and aims to provide a consolidated idea of the engineering strategies and structure-property relationships of these hybrid materials for such rare phenomena with diverse potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata 700 156, India.
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
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3
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Das S, Catalano L, Geerts Y. Gas Release as an Efficient Strategy to Tune Mechanical Properties and Thermoresponsiveness of Dynamic Molecular Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401317. [PMID: 38624188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular crystals combining multiple and finely tunable functionalities are attracting and an increasing attention due to their potential applications in a broad range of fields as efficient energy transducers and stimuli-responsive materials. In this context, a multicomponent organic salt, piperazinium trifluoroacetate (PZTFA), endowed with an unusual multidimensional responsive landscape is reported. Crystals of the salt undergo smooth plastic deformation under mechanical stress and thermo-induced jumping. Furthermore, via controlled crystal bending and release of trifluoroacetic acid from the lattice, which is anticipated from the design of the material, both the mechanical response and the thermoresponsive behavior are efficiently tuned while partially preserving the crystallinity of the system. In particular, mechanical deformation hampers guest release and hence the macroscopic jumping effect, while trifluoroacetic acid release stiffens the crystals. These complex adaptive responses establish a new crystal engineering strategy to gain further control over dynamic organic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Luca Catalano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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4
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Ranjan S, Morioka R, Ryu M, Morikawa J, Takamizawa S. A role of intermolecular interaction modulating thermal diffusivity in organosuperelastic and organoferroelastic cocrystals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12995-13006. [PMID: 38023518 PMCID: PMC10664471 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the finding of superelasticity and ferroelasticity in organic crystals has been serendipitous, an increasing number of organic crystals with such deformation properties have been witnessed. Understanding the structure-property relationship can aid in the rational selection of intermolecular interactions to design organic crystals with desired superelastic or ferroelastic properties. In this study, we investigated the mechanical deformation in two cocrystals, prepared with the parent compound, 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene with two coformers, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane and pyrene. The parent compound and coformers were chosen to introduce distinct weak interactions such as halogen bonds and C-H⋯F, and π⋯π interactions in the crystal structure. The two cocrystals exhibited different mechanical deformations, superelasticity, and ferroelasticity, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction and energy framework analysis of the crystal structure of the cocrystals revealed that both deformations were caused by mechanical twinning. Interestingly, a difference in the extent of deformation was observed, modulated by a combination of strong and weak intermolecular interactions in the superelastic cocrystal, and only weak interaction in the ferroelastic one. In this comparison, the superelastic cocrystal exhibited higher thermal diffusivity than the ferroelastic cocrystal, indicating the presence of symmetrical and relatively robust intermolecular interactions in the superelastic cocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Ranjan
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Ryota Morioka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Meguya Ryu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono Tsukuba 305-8563 Japan
| | - Junko Morikawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
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5
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Mondal S, Tanari P, Roy S, Bhunia S, Chowdhury R, Pal AK, Datta A, Pal B, Reddy CM. Autonomous self-healing organic crystals for nonlinear optics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6589. [PMID: 37852998 PMCID: PMC10584936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-centrosymmetric molecular crystals have a plethora of applications, such as piezoelectric transducers, energy storage and nonlinear optical materials owing to their unique structural order which is absent in other synthetic materials. As most crystals are brittle, their efficiency declines upon prolonged usage due to fatigue or catastrophic failure, limiting their utilities. Some natural substances, like bone, enamel, leaf and skin, function efficiently, last a life-time, thanks to their inherent self-healing nature. Therefore, incorporating self-healing ability in crystalline materials will greatly broaden their scope. Here, we report single crystals of a dibenzoate derivative, capable of self-healing within milliseconds via autonomous actuation. Systematic quantitative experiments reveal the limit of mechanical forces that the self-healing crystals can withstand. As a proof-of-concept, we also demonstrate that our self-healed crystals can retain their second harmonic generation (SHG) with high efficiency. Kinematic analysis of the actuation in our system also revealed its impressive performance parameters, and shows actuation response times in the millisecond range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratap Tanari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samrat Roy
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Bipul Pal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
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6
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Zhang N, Sun W, Zhang Y, Jiang HH, Xiong RG, Dong S, Zhang HY. Organic radical ferroelectric crystals with martensitic phase transition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5854. [PMID: 37730766 PMCID: PMC10511434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic martensitic compounds are an emerging type of smart material with intriguing physical properties including thermosalient effect, ferroelasticity, and shape memory effect. However, due to the high structural symmetry and limited design theories for these materials, the combination of ferroelectricity and martensitic transformation has rarely been found in organic systems. Here, based on the chemical design strategies for molecular ferroelectrics, we show a series of asymmetric 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide derivatives with the homochiral amine and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl components, which adopt the low-symmetric polar structure and so allow ferroelectricity. Upon H/F substitution, the fluorinated compounds exhibit reversible ferroelectric and martensitic transitions at 399 K accompanied by a large thermal hysteresis of 132 K. This large thermal hysteresis with two competing (meta)-stable phases is further confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The rare combination of martensitic phase transition and ferroelectricity realizes the bistability with two different ferroelectric phases at room temperature. Our finding provides insight into the exploration of martensitic ferroelectric compounds with potential applications in switchable memory devices, soft robotics, and smart actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Han-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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7
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Saha BK, Nath NK, Thakuria R. Polymorphs with Remarkably Distinct Physical and/or Chemical Properties. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200173. [PMID: 36166697 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism in crystals is known since 1822 and the credit goes to Mitscherlich who realized the existence of different crystal structures of the same compound while working with some arsenate and phosphate salts. Later on, this phenomenon was observed also in organic crystals. With the advent of different technologies, especially the easy availability of single crystal XRD instruments, polymorphism in crystals has become a common phenomenon. Almost 37 % of compounds (single component) are polymorphic to date. As the energies of the different polymorphic forms are very close to each other, small changes in crystallization conditions might lead to different polymorphic structures. As a result, sometimes it is difficult to control polymorphism. For this reason, it is considered to be a nuisance to crystal engineering. It has been realized that the property of a material depends not only on the molecular structure but also on its crystal structure. Therefore, it is not only of interest to academia but also has widespread applications in the materials science as well as pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have discussed polymorphism which causes significant changes in materials properties in different fields of solid-state science, such as electrical, magnetic, SHG, thermal expansion, mechanical, luminescence, color, and pharmaceutical. Therefore, this review will interest researchers from supramolecular chemistry, materials science as well as medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy K Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Naba K Nath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, Meghalaya 793003, India
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India
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8
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Near-room-temperature martensitic actuation profited from one-dimensional hybrid perovskite structure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6599. [PMID: 36329048 PMCID: PMC9633747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Martensitic transformation, usually accompanied by ferroelastic and thermoelastic behaviors, is an interesting and useful mechanical-related property upon external stimuli. For molecular crystals, however, martensitic systems to show reversible stimuli-actuation behaviors are still limited because of a lack of designability and frequent crystal collapse due to large stress releases during the transformations. Here, a one-dimensional hybrid perovskite semiconductor (NMEA)PbI3 (NMEA = N-methylethylammonium) was prepared by following a dimensionality reduction design principle. The crystal undergoes reversible ferroelastic and thermoelastic martensitic transformations, which are attributed to weak intermolecular interactions among the chains that easily trigger the interchain shearing movement. The actuation behavior occurring during the phase transition is very close to room temperature and demonstrated to behave as a mechanical actuator for switching. This work provides an effective approach to designing molecular actuators with promising applications in next-generation intelligence devices.
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9
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Exceptionally high work density of a ferroelectric dynamic organic crystal around room temperature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2823. [PMID: 35595845 PMCID: PMC9123006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic organic crystals are rapidly gaining traction as a new class of smart materials for energy conversion, however, they are only capable of very small strokes (<12%) and most of them operate through energetically cost-prohibitive processes at high temperatures. We report on the exceptional performance of an organic actuating material with exceedingly large stroke that can reversibly convert energy into work around room temperature. When transitioning at 295–305 K on heating and at 265–275 K on cooling the ferroelectric crystals of guanidinium nitrate exert a linear stroke of 51%, the highest value observed with a reversible operation of an organic single crystal actuator. Their maximum force density is higher than electric cylinders, ceramic piezoactuators, and electrostatic actuators, and their work capacity is close to that of thermal actuators. This work demonstrates the hitherto untapped potential of ionic organic crystals for applications such as light-weight capacitors, dielectrics, ferroelectric tunnel junctions, and thermistors. Organic electronics requires dynamic materials, however, most of them have small strokes and operate at high temperatures. Here, the authors describe organic crystal that repeatedly expands and contracts nearly half its length around room temperature.
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10
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Xu TY, Tong F, Xu H, Wang MQ, Tian H, Qu DH. Engineering Photomechanical Molecular Crystals to Achieve Extraordinary Expansion Based on Solid-State [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6278-6290. [PMID: 35289609 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Photomechanical molecular crystals are promising candidates for photoactuators and can potentially be implemented as smart materials in various fields. Here, we synthesized a new molecular crystal, (E)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)acrylaldehyde malononitrile ((E)-NAAM), that can undergo a solid-state [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction under visible light (≥400 nm) illumination. (E)-NAAM microcrystals containing symmetric twinned sealed cavities were prepared using a surfactant-mediated crystal seeded growth method. When exposed to light, the hollow microcrystals exhibited robust photomechanical motions, including bending and dramatic directional expansion of up to 43.1% elongation of the original crystal length before fragmentation due to the photosalient effect. The sealed cavities inside the microcrystals could store different aqueous dye solutions for approximately one month and release the solutions instantly upon light irradiation. A unique slow-fast-slow crystal elongation kinematic process was observed, suggesting significant molecular rearrangements during the illumination period, leading to an average anisotropic crystal elongation of 37.0% (±3.8%). The significant molecular structure and geometry changes accompanying the photocycloaddition reaction, which propels photochemistry to nearly 100% completion, also facilitate photomechanical crystal expansion. Our results provide a possible way to rationally design molecular structures and engineer crystal morphologies to promote more interesting photomechanical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
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11
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Molecular salts of the isoniazid derivatives. Expanding the scope of sulfonate-pyridinium synthon to design materials. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Abeysekera AM, Averkiev BB, Sinha AS, Aakeröy C. Evaluating structure-property relationship in a new family of mechanically flexible co-crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9480-9483. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A structure-property analysis of ten compositionally and chemically similar co-crystals of N-(pyridin-2-yl)alkylamides and carboxylic acids show that three co-crystals of targets bearing a methyl chain were brittle, while the remaining...
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13
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Feng C, Seki T, Sakamoto S, Sasaki T, Takamizawa S, Ito H. Mechanical Deformation and Multiple Thermal Restoration of Organic Crystals: Reversible Multi-Stage Shape-Changing Effect with Luminescence-Color Changes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9544-9551. [PMID: 36091904 PMCID: PMC9400677 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-memory materials can be mechanically deformed and subsequently reverse the deformation upon changing the temperature. Shape-memory materials have attracted considerable attention for basic research and industrial applications, and polymer and...
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Feng
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University Shizuoka 422-8017 Japan
| | - Shunichi Sakamoto
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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14
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Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26151-26157. [PMID: 34570413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the first organic semiconductor crystal with a unique combination of properties that can be used as a multifunctional optoelectronic device. Mechanically flexible single crystals of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) can function as a phototransistor, photoswitch, and an optical waveguide. The material can exist as two structurally different solid phases, with single crystals of one of the phases being elastic at room temperature while those of the other are brittle and become plastic at higher temperature. The output and transfer characteristics of the devices were characterized by measuring the generation and temporal response of the switching of the photogenerated current. The current-voltage characteristics of both phases exhibit linearity and symmetry about the positive and negative voltages. The crystals transmit light in the telecommunications range with significantly low optical loss for an organic crystalline material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Karothu
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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15
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Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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16
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Jones ECL, Bebiano SS, Ward MR, Bimbo LM, Oswald IDH. Pressure-induced superelastic behaviour of isonicotinamide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11827-11830. [PMID: 34698321 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04692f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic organic crystals have come to the fore as potential lightweight alternatives to inorganic actuators providing high weight-to-force ratios. We have observed pressure-induced superelastic behaviour in Form I of isonicotinamide. The reversible single-crystal to single-crystal transformation exhibited by the system is an important component for functioning actuators. Crucially, our observations have enabled us to propose a mechanism for the molecular movement supported by Pixel energy calculations, that may pave the way for the future design and development of functioning dynamic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C L Jones
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Suse S Bebiano
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE, Glasgow, UK. .,EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Technology Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Martin R Ward
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Luis M Bimbo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE, Glasgow, UK. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, and CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Iain D H Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Khan S, Akhtaruzzaman, Medishetty R, Ekka A, Mir MH. Mechanical Motion in Crystals Triggered by Solid State Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2806-2816. [PMID: 34355513 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some special crystals respond to light by jumping, scattering or bursting just like popping of popcorn kernels on a hot surface. This rare phenomenon is called the photosalient (PS) effect. Molecular level control over the arrangement of light-responsive molecules in microscopic crystals for macroscale deformation or mechanical motion offers the possibility of using light to control smart material structures across the length scales. Photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition has recently emerged as a promising route to obtain photoswitchable structures and a wide variety of frameworks, but such reaction in crystals leading to macroscopic mechanical motion is relatively less explored. Study of chemistry of such novel soft crystals for the generation of smart materials is an imperative task. This minireview highlights recent advances in solid-state [2+2] cycloaddition in crystals to induce macroscale mechanical motion and thereby transduction of light into kinetic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata, 700 156, India
| | - Akhtaruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata, 700 156, India
| | | | - Akansha Ekka
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
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18
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Koshima H, Hasebe S, Hagiwara Y, Asahi T. Mechanically Responsive Organic Crystals by Light. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Koshima
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Shodai Hasebe
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yuki Hagiwara
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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19
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
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20
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Commins P, Dippenaar AB, Li L, Hara H, Haynes DA, Naumov P. Mechanically compliant single crystals of a stable organic radical. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6188-6193. [PMID: 33996017 PMCID: PMC8098752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically compliant organic crystals are the foundation of the development of future flexible, light-weight single-crystal electronics, and this requires reversibly deformable crystalline organic materials with permanent magnetism. Here, we report and characterize the first instance of a plastically bendable single crystal of a permanent organic radical, 4-(4'-cyano-2',3',4',5'-tetrafluorophenyl)-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl. The weak interactions between the radicals render single crystals of the β phase of this material exceedingly soft, and the S-N interactions facilitate plastic bending. EPR imaging of a bent single crystal reveals the effect of deformation on the three-dimensional spin density of the crystal. The unusual mechanical compliance of this material opens prospects for exploration into flexible crystals of other stable organic radicals towards the development of flexible light-weight organic magnetoresistance devices based on weak, non-hydrogen-bonded interactions in molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Commins
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - A Bernard Dippenaar
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University P. Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Republic of South Africa
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- Bruker K.K. 3-9, Moriya, Kanagawa Yokohama Kanagawa 221-0022 Japan
| | - Delia A Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University P. Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Republic of South Africa
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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21
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Prakash P, Ardhra S, Fall B, Zdilla MJ, Wunder SL, Venkatnathan A. Solvate sponge crystals of (DMF) 3NaClO 4: reversible pressure/temperature controlled juicing in a melt/press-castable sodium-ion conductor. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5574-5581. [PMID: 34168793 PMCID: PMC8179650 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of crystalline solid, termed "solvate sponge crystal", is presented, and the chemical basis of its properties are explained for a melt- and press-castable solid sodium ion conductor. X-ray crystallography and atomistic simulations reveal details of atomic interactions and clustering in (DMF)3NaClO4 and (DMF)2NaClO4 (DMF = N-N'-dimethylformamide). External pressure or heating results in reversible expulsion of liquid DMF from (DMF)3NaClO4 to generate (DMF)2NaClO4. The process reverses upon the release of pressure or cooling. Simulations reveal the mechanism of crystal "juicing," as well as melting. In particular, cation-solvent clusters form a chain of octahedrally coordinated Na+-DMF networks, which have perchlorate ions present in a separate sublattice space in 3 : 1 stoichiometry. Upon heating and/or pressing, the Na+⋯DMF chains break and the replacement of a DMF molecule with a ClO4 - anion per Na+ ion leads to the conversion of the 3 : 1 stoichiometry to a 2 : 1 stoichiometry. The simulations reveal the anisotropic nature of pressure induced stoichiometric conversion. The results provide molecular level understanding of a solvate sponge crystal with novel and desirable physical castability properties for device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Shylendran Ardhra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Birane Fall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901-N 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19086 USA
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901-N 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19086 USA
| | - Stephanie L Wunder
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901-N 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19086 USA
| | - Arun Venkatnathan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
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22
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Rath BB, Gallo G, Dinnebier RE, Vittal JJ. Reversible Thermosalience in a One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Preceded by Anisotropic Thermal Expansion and the Shape Memory Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2088-2096. [PMID: 33476147 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermally responsive crystals hold great potential for their use as actuating materials by acting as energy transducers to convert heat energy to mechanical work. Control over defined phase transition temperature with rapid reconfiguration is of great advantage for actuation. The thermosalient (TS) effect is a rarely observed phenomenon in coordination polymers (CPs), let alone the reversibility of thermosalience in CPs. Herein, we report the reversible TS effect in a one-dimensional CP due to the martensitic phase transition during both heating and cooling cycles. The TS effect was preceded by anisotropic thermal expansion showing high expansion coefficients. In addition, the nonmolecular crystals show reversible contraction and recovery during multiple heating-cooling cycles due to the self-restorative shape memory effect. The reversible actuation of the CP could be repeated for 20 heating-cooling cycles in differential scanning calorimetry experiments, suggesting its great potential as a multicyclic actuator. Such thermal responsive behavior is unique in metal-organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianpiero Gallo
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jagadese J Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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23
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Kusumoto S, Sugimoto A, Zhang Y, Kim Y, Nakamura M, Hayami S. Elastic Crystalline Fibers Composed of a Nickel(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1294-1298. [PMID: 33417440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The generation of elastic crystalline fibers from a nonfibrous crystal of metal complex is demonstrated. Applying mechanical stimuli to a platelike crystal of NiII(salophen) [1; H2salophen = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine] resulted in this complex being transformed into crystal fibers, which could be bent into a loop and demonstrated its high elasticity. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the transformation reflects the presence of molecular strands that are composed of a one-dimensional assembly of the slip-stacked arrangement by nearly planar Ni(salophen) molecules. The fiber flexibility was demonstrated to be lost upon the introduction of chloroform solvent molecules into the crystal lattice by recrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Yang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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24
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Chen L, Che Y, Cooper AI, Chong SY. Exploring cooperative porosity in organic cage crystals using in situ diffraction and molecular simulations. Faraday Discuss 2021; 225:100-117. [PMID: 33146640 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous organic cage crystal, α-CC2, shows unexpected adsorption of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) in its cage cavities: analysis of the static crystal structure indicates that SF6 is occluded, as even the smallest diatomic gas, H2, is larger than the window of the cage pore. Herein, we use in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments to provide unequivocal evidence for the presence of SF6 inside the 'occluded' cage voids, pointing to a mechanism of dynamic flexibility of the system. By combining PXRD results with molecular dynamics simulations, we build a molecular level picture of the cooperative porosity in α-CC2 that facilitates the passage of SF6 into the cage voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Chen
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
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25
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Abstract
Dynamic macroscopic behaviour of single crystals of coordination polymers when subjected to light, heat, and mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadese J. Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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26
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Abstract
Organic semiconductors are being pursued with vigor for the development of efficient and smart electronics. As a brief tutorial account, we traverse the fundamentals and advancements in the area and provide a crystal engineering perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz A. Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K-190006, India
| | - Shahida Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K-190006, India
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27
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Rumyantcev R, Fukin GK, Romanenko GV, Teplova IA, Bubnov MP, Cherkasov VK. Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Studies of Two Polymorphic Modifications of the Dicarbonyl- o-Semiquinonato Rhodium Complex at Different Temperatures. Destruction Stimulated by Cooling Versus Stability. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32792-32799. [PMID: 33376917 PMCID: PMC7758960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It was found that the dicarbonyl-rhodium-o-semiquinonate complex (which thread-like crystals can bend reversibly under light/warm activation) can form two polymorphic modifications: isometric prisms (1) and sticks (2). Some thin sticks can bend as mentioned above. X-ray diffraction studies of polymorphic modifications at different temperatures were carried out. It was found that crystals 1 are destructed after cooling to 110 K as opposed to crystals 2. In turn, the reversible phase transition is detected in 2. In both polymorphic modifications, stack packaging motifs through the direct Rh-Rh bond are observed. The principal difference between packages of polymorphic modifications is that molecules 1 in the adjacent stacks are shifted relative to each other along the stack, in contrast to crystal 2. It was found that different packing of stacks leads to different anisotropic compression of crystals 1 and 2 during cooling, which is a key factor of their stability. Using the molecular invariom approach, the nature of the chemical bonds and charge distribution was investigated; the energy of the Rh-Rh bonds was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman
V. Rumyantcev
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy
of Sciences, 49 Tropinina
str., GSP-445, Nizhniy Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy
of Sciences, 49 Tropinina
str., GSP-445, Nizhniy Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Galina V. Romanenko
- International
Tomography Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya, 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina A. Teplova
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy
of Sciences, 49 Tropinina
str., GSP-445, Nizhniy Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Michael P. Bubnov
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy
of Sciences, 49 Tropinina
str., GSP-445, Nizhniy Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Cherkasov
- G.
A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy
of Sciences, 49 Tropinina
str., GSP-445, Nizhniy Novgorod 603950, Russia
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28
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Park SK, Diao Y. Martensitic transition in molecular crystals for dynamic functional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8287-8314. [PMID: 33021272 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular martensitic materials are an emerging class of smart materials with enormous tunability in physicochemical properties, attributed to the tailored molecular and crystal structures through molecular design. This class of materials exhibits ultrafast and reversible structural transitions in response to thermal and mechanical stimuli, which underlies fascinating properties such as thermoelasticity, superelasticity, ferroelasticity, and shape memory effect. These dynamic properties are not widely explored in molecular crystals and therefore molecular martensitic materials represent a new frontier in the field of solid-state chemistry. In martensitic transitions, the materials not only exhibit substantial shape changes but also remember the functions in the associated polymorphic phases. This suggests promising applicability towards light-weight actuators, lifts, dampers, sensors, shape-/function-memory and ultraflexible optoelectronic devices. In this article, we review characteristics, detailed transition mechanisms, and potential applications of molecular martensitic materials. In particular, we aim to describe transition characteristics by collecting cases with similar transition principles in order to glean insights into further advancement of molecular martensitic materials. Overall, we believe that molecular martensitic materials are emerging as the next generation smart materials that have shown promise in advancing a wide range of domains of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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29
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Chalek KR, Dong X, Tong F, Kudla RA, Zhu L, Gill AD, Xu W, Yang C, Hartman JD, Magalhães A, Al-Kaysi RO, Hayward RC, Hooley RJ, Beran GJO, Bardeen CJ, Mueller LJ. Bridging photochemistry and photomechanics with NMR crystallography: the molecular basis for the macroscopic expansion of an anthracene ester nanorod. Chem Sci 2020; 12:453-463. [PMID: 34163608 PMCID: PMC8178812 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals composed of photoreactive molecules represent a new class of photomechanical materials with the potential to generate large forces on fast timescales. An example is the photodimerization of 9-tert-butyl-anthracene ester (9TBAE) in molecular crystal nanorods that leads to an average elongation of 8%. Previous work showed that this expansion results from the formation of a metastable crystalline product. In this article, it is shown how a novel combination of ensemble oriented-crystal solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, and first principles computational modeling can be used to establish the absolute unit cell orientations relative to the shape change, revealing the atomic-resolution mechanism for the photomechanical response and enabling the construction of a model that predicts an elongation of 7.4%, in good agreement with the experimental value. According to this model, the nanorod expansion does not result from an overall change in the volume of the unit cell, but rather from an anisotropic rearrangement of the molecular contents. The ability to understand quantitatively how molecular-level photochemistry generates mechanical displacements allows us to predict that the expansion could be tuned from +9% to -9.5% by controlling the initial orientation of the unit cell with respect to the nanorod axis. This application of NMR-assisted crystallography provides a new tool capable of tying the atomic-level structural rearrangement of the reacting molecular species to the mechanical response of a nanostructured sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Chalek
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Xinning Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Ryan A Kudla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Adam D Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder 3415 Colorado Ave. Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Joshua D Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Alviclér Magalhães
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Rabih O Al-Kaysi
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder 3415 Colorado Ave. Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Gregory J O Beran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | | | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
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30
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Fujimoto A, Fujinaga N, Nishimura R, Hatano E, Kono L, Nagai A, Sekine A, Hattori Y, Kojima Y, Yasuda N, Morimoto M, Yokojima S, Nakamura S, Feringa BL, Uchida K. Photoinduced swing of a diarylethene thin broad sword shaped crystal: a study on the detailed mechanism. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12307-12315. [PMID: 34094438 PMCID: PMC8162954 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a swinging motion of photochromic thin broad sword shaped crystals upon continuous irradiation with UV light. By contrast in thick crystals, photosalient phenomena were observed. The bending and swinging mechanisms are in fact due to molecular size changes as well as phase transitions. The first slight bending away from the light source is due to photocyclization-induced surface expansion, and the second dramatic bending toward UV incidence is due to single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) phase transition from the original phase I to phase IIUV. Upon visible light irradiation, the crystal returned to phase I. A similar SCSC phase transition with a similar volume decrease occurred by lowering the temperature (phase IIItemp). For both photoinduced and thermal SCSC phase transitions, the symmetry of the unit cell is lowered; in phase IIUV the twisting angle of disordered phenyl groups is different between two adjacent molecules, while in phase IIItemp, the population of the phenyl rotamer is different between adjacent molecules. In the case of phase IIUV, we found thickness dependent photosalient phenomena. The thin broad sword shaped crystals with a 3 μm thickness showed no photosalient phenomena, whereas photoinduced SCSC phase transition occurred. In contrast, large crystals of several tens of μm thickness showed photosalient phenomena on the irradiated surface where SCSC phase transition occurred. The results indicated that the accumulated strain, between isomerized and non-isomerized layers, gave rise to the photosalient phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Fujimoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
| | - Noriko Fujinaga
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
| | - Eri Hatano
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
| | - Luna Kono
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
| | - Akira Nagai
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
| | - Akiko Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yohei Hattori
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
| | - Yuko Kojima
- Materials Characterization Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku Yokohama 227-8502 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokojima
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science Horino-uchi 1432-1, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Nakamura Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands +31-50-363-4296
| | - Kingo Uchida
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan +81-77-543-7483 +81-77-543-7462
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31
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Li S, Lu B, Fang X, Yan D. Manipulating Light‐Induced Dynamic Macro‐Movement and Static Photonic Properties within 1D Isostructural Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Cocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22623-22630. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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32
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Li S, Lu B, Fang X, Yan D. Manipulating Light‐Induced Dynamic Macro‐Movement and Static Photonic Properties within 1D Isostructural Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Cocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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33
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Naumov P, Karothu DP, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Commins P, Mahmoud Halabi J, Al-Handawi MB, Li L. The Rise of the Dynamic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13256-13272. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luca Catalano
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jad Mahmoud Halabi
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Liang Li
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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34
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Karothu DP, Mahmoud Halabi J, Li L, Colin-Molina A, Rodríguez-Molina B, Naumov P. Global Performance Indices for Dynamic Crystals as Organic Thermal Actuators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906216. [PMID: 31930601 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystal adaptronics is an emergent materials science discipline at the intersection of solid-state chemistry and mechanical engineering that explores the dynamic nature of mechanically reconfigurable, motile, and explosive crystals. Adaptive molecular crystals bring to materials science a qualitatively new set of properties that associate long-range structural order with softness and mechanical compliance. However, the full potential of this class of materials remains underexplored and they have not been considered as materials of choice in an engineer's toolbox. A set of general performance metrics that can be used for quantification of the performance of these prospective dynamic materials as micro- and macroactuators is presented. The indices are calculated on two selected representatives of thermosalient solids-materials that undergo rapid martensitic transitions accompanied with macroscopic locomotion. Benchmarking of their performance against extensive set of data for the existing actuator classes and visualization using materials property charts uncover the hidden potential and advantages of dynamic crystals, while they also reveal their drawbacks for actual application as actuators. Altogether the results indicate that, if the challenges with fabrication and implementation in devices are overcome, adaptive molecular crystals can have far-reaching implications for emerging fields such as smart microelectronics and soft microrobotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liang Li
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abraham Colin-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 10 Garden St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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35
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Khandavilli UBR, Yousuf M, Schaller BE, Steendam RRE, Keshavarz L, McArdle P, Frawley PJ. Plastically bendable pregabalin multi-component systems with improved tabletability and compressibility. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01625b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregabalin (SPG) is brittle in nature without the presence of any slip planes. The coformer (OX/SA) facilitates the slip planes in order to make the brittle structure plastically bendable.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. B. Rao Khandavilli
- Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- PSC Biotech Limited
| | - Mustafa Yousuf
- Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Barbara E. Schaller
- Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - René R. E. Steendam
- Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Leila Keshavarz
- Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway H91 TK33
- Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Frawley
- Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
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