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Xie Y, Koknat G, Weadock NJ, Wang X, Song R, Toney MF, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Hydrogen Bonding Analysis of Structural Transition-Induced Symmetry Breaking and Spin Splitting in a Hybrid Perovskite Employing a Synergistic Diffraction-DFT Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22509-22521. [PMID: 39083226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) offer an outstanding opportunity for spin-related technologies owing in part to their tunable structural symmetry breaking and distortions driven by organic-inorganic hydrogen (H) bonds. However, understanding how H-bonds tailor inorganic symmetry and distortions and therefore enhance spin splitting for more effective spin manipulation remains imprecise due to challenges in measuring H atom positions using X-ray diffraction. Here, we report a thermally induced structural transition (at ∼209 K) for a 2D HOIP, (2-BrPEA)2PbI4 [2-BrPEA = 2-(2-bromophenyl)ethylammonium], which induces inversion asymmetry and a strong spin splitting (ΔE > 30 meV). While X-ray diffraction generally establishes heavy atom coordinates, we utilize neutron diffraction for accurate H atom position determination, demonstrating that the structural transition-induced rearrangement of H-bonds with distinct bond strengths asymmetrically shifts associated iodine atom positions. Consequences of this shift include an increased structural asymmetry, an enhanced difference between adjacent interoctahedra distortions (i.e., Pb-I-Pb bond angles), and therefore significant spin splitting. We further show that H-only density-functional theory (DFT) relaxation of the X-ray structure shifts H atoms to positions that are consistent with the neutron experimental data, validating a convenient pathway to more generally improve upon HOIP H-bonding analyses derived from quicker/less-expensive X-ray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Gabrielle Koknat
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas J Weadock
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David B Mitzi
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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2
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von Morze C, Shaw A, Blazey T. Hyperpolarized 15N caffeine, a potential probe of liver function and perfusion. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:459-468. [PMID: 38469685 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate hyperpolarization of 15N-caffeine and report exploratory findings as a potential probe of liver function and perfusion. METHODS An amorphous formulation of [1,3-15N2]caffeine was developed for hyperpolarization via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. Polarizer hardware was augmented to support monitoring of solid-state 15N MR signals during the buildup of hyperpolarization. Liquid state hyperpolarized 15N MR signals were obtained in a preclinical 3T magnet by interfacing an external spectrometer console with home-built RF surface coils. 15N signal decay constants were estimated in H2O and in vivo in liver and brain regions of rats at 3 T. Decays were also measured at 9.4 T to assess the effect of B0, and in the presence of albumin to assess the impact of protein binding. RESULTS Polarization levels of 3.5% and aqueous T1 relaxation times of nearly 200 s were attained for both N1 and N3 positions at 3 T. Shorter apparent decay constants were observed in vivo, ranging from 25 s to 43 s, with modest extensions possible by exploiting competitive binding of iophenoxate with plasma albumin. Downstream products of caffeine could not be detected on in vivo 15N-MR spectra of the liver region, even with metabolic stimulation byβ $$ \beta $$ -naphthoflavone treatment. Considering the high perfusion rate of brain, persistence of caffeine signal in this region is consistent with potential value as a perfusion imaging agent. CONCLUSION These results establish the feasibility of hyperpolarization of hyperpolarized 15N-caffeine, but further work is necessary to establish the role of this new agent to probe liver metabolism and perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashley Shaw
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Altenhof AR, Kaseman DC, Mason HE, Alvarez MA, Malone MW, Williams RF. On the effects of quadrupolar relaxation in Earth's field NMR spectra. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 355:107540. [PMID: 37722217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in using low-field magnetic resonance experiments for routine chemical characterization. Earth's field NMR is one such technique that can garner structural information and enable sample differentiation with low cost and highly portable designs. The resulting NMR spectra are primarily influenced by J-couplings, resulting in so-called J-coupled spectra (JCS). Many small molecules include atoms with NMR-active nuclei that are quadrupolar either at natural abundance or are often isotopically enriched (e.g.,2H, 6Li, 11B, 14N, 17O, etc.) where the effects of quadrupolar J-couplings and relaxation on JCS of strongly- and weakly-coupled spin systems have not been explored to date. Herein, using a set of seven fluoropyridine samples with unique substitution and J-couplings, we demonstrate that the 14N relaxation rates can induce drastic line-broadening in the JCS. This includes a previously unexplored unique line broadening mechanism enabled by strongly coupled spins at low-field. Numerical simulations are used to model and refine the magnitudes and signs of J-couplings, as well as indirectly determine the 14N relaxation rates in a single 1D experiment that has a higher fidelity than observed in high-field NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Altenhof
- MPA-Q, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | | | - Harris E Mason
- C-IIAC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Marc A Alvarez
- B-TEK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Michael W Malone
- MPA-Q, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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4
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Vaneeckhaute E, Tyburn J, Kempf JG, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Reversible Parahydrogen Induced Hyperpolarization of 15 N in Unmodified Amino Acids Unraveled at High Magnetic Field. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207112. [PMID: 37211713 PMCID: PMC10427394 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) and ammonia are metabolic markers essential for nitrogen metabolism and cell regulation in both plants and humans. NMR provides interesting opportunities to investigate these metabolic pathways, yet lacks sensitivity, especially in case of 15 N. In this study, spin order embedded in p-H2 is used to produce on-demand reversible hyperpolarization in 15 N of pristine alanine and ammonia under ambient protic conditions directly in the NMR spectrometer. This is made possible by designing a mixed-ligand Ir-catalyst, selectively ligating the amino group of AA by exploiting ammonia as a strongly competitive co-ligand and preventing deactivation of Ir by bidentate ligation of AA. The stereoisomerism of the catalyst complexes is determined by hydride fingerprinting using 1 H/D scrambling of the associated N-functional groups on the catalyst (i.e., isotopological fingerprinting), and unravelled by 2D-ZQ-NMR. Monitoring the transfer of spin order from p-H2 to 15 N nuclei of ligated and free alanine and ammonia targets using SABRE-INEPT with variable exchange delays pinpoints the monodentate elucidated catalyst complexes to be most SABRE active. Also RF-spin locking (SABRE-SLIC) enables transfer of hyperpolarization to 15 N. The presented high-field approach can be a valuable alternative to SABRE-SHEATH techniques since the obtained catalytic insights (stereochemistry and kinetics) will remain valid at ultra-low magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Univ LyonCNRS, ENS LyonUCBLUniversité de LyonCRMN UMR 5280Villeurbanne69100France
| | - Jean‐Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin34 Rue de l'Industrie BP 10002Wissembourg Cedex67166France
| | | | - Johan A. Martens
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY – Centre for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)Notkestraße 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
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5
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MacCulloch K, Browning A, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange Induces Long-Lived 15N Hyperpolarization of Anticancer Drugs Anastrozole and Letrozole. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7822-7829. [PMID: 37163687 PMCID: PMC10939174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization modalities overcome the sensitivity limitations of NMR and unlock new applications. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a particularly cheap, quick, and robust hyperpolarization modality. Here, we employ SABRE for simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and nitrile-containing anticancer drugs (letrozole or anastrozole) to enhance 15N polarization. Distinct substrates require unique optimal parameter sets, including temperature, magnetic field, or a shaped magnetic field profile. The fine tuning of these parameters for individual substrates is demonstrated here to maximize 15N polarization. After optimization, including the usage of pulsed μT fields, the 15N nuclei on common anticancer drugs, letrozole and anastrozole, can be polarized within 1-2 min. The hyperpolarization can exceed 10%, corresponding to 15N signal enhancement of over 280,000-fold at a clinically relevant magnetic field of 1 T. This sensitivity gain enables polarization studies at naturally abundant 15N enrichment level (0.4%). Moreover, the nitrile 15N sites enable long-lasting polarization storage with [15N]T1 over 9 min, enabling signal detection from a single hyperpolarization cycle for over 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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6
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
- Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Park H, Chen J, Dimitrov IE, Park JM, Wang Q. Design and Characterization of Hyperpolarized 15N-BBCP as a H 2O 2-Sensing Probe. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2928-2933. [PMID: 36255172 PMCID: PMC9908030 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a type of reactive oxygen species that regulates essential biological processes. Despite the central role of H2O2 in pathophysiological states, available molecular probes for assessing H2O2 in vivo are still limited. This work develops hyperpolarized 15N-boronobenzyl-4-cyanopyridinium (15N-BBCP) as a rationally designed molecular probe for detecting H2O2. The 15N-BBCP demonstrated favorable physicochemical and biochemical properties for H2O2 detection and dynamic nuclear polarization, allowing noninvasive detection of H2O2. In particular, 15N-BBCP and the products possessed long spin-lattice relaxation times and spectrally resolvable 15N chemical shift differences. The performance of hyperpolarized 15N-BBCP was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo with time-resolved 15N-MRS. This study highlights a promising approach to designing a reaction-based 15N-labeled molecular imaging agent for detecting oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ivan E. Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Philips Healthcare, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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8
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Mandal R, Pham P, Hilty C. Screening of Protein-Ligand Binding Using a SABRE Hyperpolarized Reporter. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11375-11381. [PMID: 35921650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization through signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) provides a facile means to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of small molecules containing an N-heterocycle or other binding site for a polarization transfer catalyst. A purpose-designed reporter ligand, which is capable of binding both to a target protein and to the catalyst, makes the sensitivity enhancement by this technique compatible with the measurement of a range of biomolecular interactions. The 1H polarization of the reporter ligand 4-amidinopyridine, which is targeting trypsin, is used to screen ligands that are not themselves hyperpolarizable by SABRE. The respective protein-ligand dissociation constants (KD) are determined by an observed change in the R2 relaxation rate of the reporter. A calculation of expected signal changes indicates that the accessible ligand KD values extend over several orders of magnitude, while the concentrations of target proteins and ligands can be reduced considering the sensitivity gains from hyperpolarization. In general, the design of a single, weakly binding ligand for a target protein enables the use of SABRE hyperpolarization for ligand screening or other biophysical studies involving macromolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnamala Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Pierce Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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9
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Pham P, Mandal R, Qi C, Hilty C. Interfacing Liquid State Hyperpolarization Methods with NMR Instrumentation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2022; 10-11:100052. [PMID: 35530721 PMCID: PMC9070690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in liquid state hyperpolarization methods have enabled new applications of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Utilizing strong signal enhancements from hyperpolarization allows performing NMR spectroscopy at low concentration, or with high time resolution. Making use of the high, but rapidly decaying hyperpolarization in the liquid state requires new techniques to interface hyperpolarization equipment with liquid state NMR spectrometers. This article highlights rapid injection, high resolution NMR spectroscopy with hyperpolarization produced by the techniques of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) and para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). These are popular, albeit not the only methods to produce high polarization levels for liquid samples. Gas and liquid driven sample injection techniques are compatible with both of these hyperpolarization methods. The rapid sample injection techniques are combined with adapted NMR experiments working in a single, or small number of scans. They expand the application of liquid state hyperpolarization to spins with comparably short relaxation times, provide enhanced control over sample conditions, and allow for mixing experiments to study reactions in real time.
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10
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Tickner BJ, Zhivonitko VV. Advancing homogeneous catalysis for parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarisation and its NMR applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4670-4696. [PMID: 35655870 PMCID: PMC9067625 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) is a nuclear spin hyperpolarisation technique employed to enhance NMR signals for a wide range of molecules. This is achieved by exploiting the chemical reactions of parahydrogen (para-H2), the spin-0 isomer of H2. These reactions break the molecular symmetry of para-H2 in a way that can produce dramatically enhanced NMR signals for reaction products, and are usually catalysed by a transition metal complex. In this review, we discuss recent advances in novel homogeneous catalysts that can produce hyperpolarised products upon reaction with para-H2. We also discuss hyperpolarisation attained in reversible reactions (termed signal amplification by reversible exchange, SABRE) and focus on catalyst developments in recent years that have allowed hyperpolarisation of a wider range of target molecules. In particular, recent examples of novel ruthenium catalysts for trans and geminal hydrogenation, metal-free catalysts, iridium sulfoxide-containing SABRE systems, and cobalt complexes for PHIP and SABRE are reviewed. Advances in this catalysis have expanded the types of molecules amenable to hyperpolarisation using PHIP and SABRE, and their applications in NMR reaction monitoring, mechanistic elucidation, biomedical imaging, and many other areas, are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
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11
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Rayner PJ, Fekete M, Gater CA, Ahwal F, Turner N, Kennerley AJ, Duckett SB. Real-Time High-Sensitivity Reaction Monitoring of Important Nitrogen-Cycle Synthons by 15N Hyperpolarized Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8756-8769. [PMID: 35508182 PMCID: PMC9121385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we show how
signal amplification by reversible exchange hyperpolarization
of a range of 15N-containing synthons can be used to enable
studies of their reactivity by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance
(NO2– (28% polarization), ND3 (3%), PhCH2NH2 (5%), NaN3 (3%),
and NO3– (0.1%)). A range of iridium-based
spin-polarization transfer catalysts are used, which for NO2– work optimally as an amino-derived carbene-containing
complex with a DMAP-d2 coligand. We harness
long 15N spin-order lifetimes to probe in situ reactivity
out to 3 × T1. In the case of NO2– (T1 17.7 s
at 9.4 T), we monitor PhNH2 diazotization in acidic solution.
The resulting diazonium salt (15N-T1 38 s) forms within 30 s, and its subsequent reaction with
NaN3 leads to the detection of hyperpolarized PhN3 (T1 192 s) in a second step via the
formation of an identified cyclic pentazole intermediate. The role
of PhN3 and NaN3 in copper-free click chemistry
is exemplified for hyperpolarized triazole (T1 < 10 s) formation when they react with a strained alkyne.
We also demonstrate simple routes to hyperpolarized N2 in
addition to showing how utilization of 15N-polarized PhCH2NH2 enables the probing of amidation, sulfonamidation,
and imine formation. Hyperpolarized ND3 is used to probe
imine and ND4+ (T1 33.6 s) formation. Furthermore, for NO2–, we also demonstrate how the 15N-magnetic resonance imaging
monitoring of biphasic catalysis confirms the successful preparation
of an aqueous bolus of hyperpolarized 15NO2– in seconds with 8% polarization. Hence, we create
a versatile tool to probe organic transformations that has significant
relevance for the synthesis of future hyperpolarized pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Callum A Gater
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Norman Turner
- Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Aneurin J Kennerley
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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12
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Jeong HJ, Min S, Kim S, Namgoong SK, Jeong K. Hyperpolarization study on remdesivir with its biological reaction monitoring via signal amplification by reversible exchange. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4377-4381. [PMID: 35425403 PMCID: PMC8981083 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our experiments indicate hyperpolarized proton signals in the entire structure of remdesivir are obtained due to a long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. SABRE-based biological real-time reaction monitoring, by using a protein enzyme under mild conditions is carried out. It represents the first successful para-hydrogen based hyperpolarization application in biological reaction monitoring. Hyperpolarized proton signals in the entire structure of remdesivir are obtained due to a long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. Biological real-time reaction monitoring, by using a protein enzyme under mild conditions is carried out.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
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13
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Rayner PJ, Burns MJ, Fear EJ, Duckett SB. Steric and electronic effects on the 1 H hyperpolarisation of substituted pyridazines by signal amplification by reversible exchange. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1187-1198. [PMID: 33729592 PMCID: PMC8650576 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Utility of the pyridazine motif is growing in popularity as pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents. The detection and structural characterisation of such materials is therefore imperative for the successful development of new products. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) offers a route to dramatically improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance methods, and we apply it here to the rapid and cost-effective hyperpolarisation of substituted pyridazines. The 33 substrates investigated cover a range of steric and electronic properties and their capacity to perform highly effective SABRE is assessed. We find the method to be tolerant to a broad range of electron donating and withdrawing groups; however, good sensitivity is evident when steric bulk is added to the 3- and 6-positions of the pyridazine ring. We optimise the method by reference to a disubstituted ester that yields signal gains of >9000-fold at 9.4 T (>28% spin polarisation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Michael J. Burns
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Elizabeth J. Fear
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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14
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Mandal R, Pham P, Hilty C. Characterization of protein-ligand interactions by SABRE. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12950-12958. [PMID: 34745525 PMCID: PMC8515190 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization through signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), the non-hydrogenative version of para-hydrogen induced polarization, is demonstrated to enhance sensitivity for the detection of biomacromolecular interactions. A target ligand for the enzyme trypsin includes the binding motif for the protein, and at a distant location a heterocyclic nitrogen atom for interacting with a SABRE polarization transfer catalyst. This molecule, 4-amidinopyridine, is hyperpolarized with 50% para-hydrogen to yield enhancement values ranging from −87 and −34 in the ortho and meta positions of the heterocyclic nitrogen, to −230 and −110, for different solution conditions. Ligand binding is identified by flow-NMR, in a two-step process that separately optimizes the polarization transfer in methanol while detecting the interaction in a predominantly aqueous medium. A single scan Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) experiment identifies binding by the change in R2 relaxation rate. The SABRE hyperpolarization technique provides a cost effective means to enhance NMR of biological systems, for the identification of protein–ligand interactions and other applications. Protein–ligand binding interactions are characterized by the para-H2 based hyperpolarization technique SABRE and flow-NMR. Binding to the protein is identified by R2 change of a ligand first interacting with the Ir polarization transfer catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnamala Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Pierce Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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15
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Lin K, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Laasner R, Theis T, Blum V. Density Functional Theory Study of Reaction Equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1937-1938. [PMID: 34617650 PMCID: PMC8725239 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Thomas Theis (North Carolina State University) Prof. Volker Blum (Duke University). The image shows the reaction network of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), elucidated by density functional theory (DFT). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.202100204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Raul Laasner
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC, Chapel Hill, and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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16
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Lin K, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Laasner R, Theis T, Blum V. Density Functional Theory Study of Reaction Equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1947-1957. [PMID: 34549869 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth theoretical analysis of key chemical equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is provided, employing density functional theory calculations to characterize the likely reaction network. For all reactions in the network, the potential energy surface is probed to identify minimum energy pathways. Energy barriers and transition states are calculated, and harmonic transition state theory is applied to calculate exchange rates that approximate experimental values. The reaction network energy surface can be modulated by chemical potentials that account for the dependence on concentration, temperature, and partial pressure of molecular constituents (hydrogen, methanol, pyridine) supplied to the experiment under equilibrium conditions. We show that, under typical experimental conditions, the Gibbs free energies of the two key states involved in pyridine-hydrogen exchange at the common Ir-IMes catalyst system in methanol are essentially the same, i. e., nearly optimal for SABRE. We also show that a methanol-containing intermediate is plausible as a transient species in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Raul Laasner
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC, Chapel Hill, and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.,Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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17
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Chukanov NV, Shchepin RV, Joshi SM, Kabir MSH, Salnikov OG, Svyatova A, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Chekmenev EY. Synthetic Approaches for 15 N-Labeled Hyperpolarized Heterocyclic Molecular Imaging Agents for 15 N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Chemistry 2021; 27:9727-9736. [PMID: 33856077 PMCID: PMC8273115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NMR hyperpolarization techniques enhance nuclear spin polarization by several orders of magnitude resulting in corresponding sensitivity gains. This enormous sensitivity gain enables new applications ranging from studies of small molecules by using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy to real-time metabolic imaging in vivo. Several hyperpolarization techniques exist for hyperpolarization of a large repertoire of nuclear spins, although the 13 C and 15 N sites of biocompatible agents are the key targets due to their widespread use in biochemical pathways. Moreover, their long T1 allows hyperpolarized states to be retained for up to tens of minutes. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a low-cost and ultrafast hyperpolarization technique that has been shown to be versatile for the hyperpolarization of 15 N nuclei. Although large sensitivity gains are enabled by hyperpolarization, 15 N natural abundance is only ∼0.4 %, so isotopic labeling of the molecules to be hyperpolarized is required in order to take full advantage of the hyperpolarized state. Herein, we describe selected advances in the preparation of 15 N-labeled compounds with the primary emphasis on using these compounds for SABRE polarization in microtesla magnetic fields through spontaneous polarization transfer from parahydrogen. Also, these principles can certainly be applied for hyperpolarization of these emerging contrast agents using dynamic nuclear polarization and other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Sameer M Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospekt 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Spiridonov KA, Kozinenko VP, Nikovsky IA, Pavlov AA, Vol'khina TN, Nelyubina YV, Kiryutin AS, Yurkovskaya AV, Polezhaev AA, Novikov VV, Ivanov KL. Phosphite-containing iridium polarization transfer catalysts for NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Robertson TBR, Gilbert N, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Hyperpolarisation of Mirfentanil by SABRE in the Presence of Heroin. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1059-1064. [PMID: 33871116 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mirfentanil, a fentanyl derivative that is a μ-opioid partial agonist, is hyperpolarised via Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), a para-hydrogen-based technique. [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene, COD=cyclooctadiene) was employed as the polarisation transfer catalyst. Following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT, the pyrazine-protons were enhanced by 78-fold (polarisation, P=0.04 %). The complex [Ir(IMes)(H)2 (mirfentanil)2 (MeOH)]+ is proposed to form based on the observation of two hydrides at δ -22.9 (trans to mirfentanil) and -24.7 (trans to methanol). In a mixture of mirfentanil and heroin, the former could be detected using SABRE at concentrations less than 1 % w/w. At the lowest concentration analyzed, the amount of mirfentanil present was 0.18 mg (812 μM) and produced a signal enhancement of -867-fold (P=0.42 %). following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B R Robertson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,Current address: School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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20
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Rayner PJ, Gillions JP, Hannibal VD, John RO, Duckett SB. Hyperpolarisation of weakly binding N-heterocycles using signal amplification by reversible exchange. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5910-5917. [PMID: 34168816 PMCID: PMC8179664 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06907h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a catalytic method for improving the detection of molecules by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It achieves this by simultaneously binding the target substrate (sub) and para-hydrogen to a metal centre. To date, sterically large substrates are relatively inaccessible to SABRE due to their weak binding leading to catalyst destabilisation. We overcome this problem here through a simple co-ligand strategy that allows the hyperpolarisation of a range of weakly binding and sterically encumbered N-heterocycles. The resulting 1H NMR signal size is increased by up to 1400 times relative to their more usual Boltzmann controlled levels at 400 MHz. Hence, a significant reduction in scan time is achieved. The SABRE catalyst in these systems takes the form [IrX(H)2(NHC)(sulfoxide)(sub)] where X = Cl, Br or I. These complexes are shown to undergo very rapid ligand exchange and lower temperatures dramatically improve the efficiency of these SABRE catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Joseph P Gillions
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Valentin D Hannibal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Richard O John
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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21
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Tickner BJ, Borozdina Y, Duckett SB, Angelovski G. Exploring the hyperpolarisation of EGTA-based ligands using SABRE. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2448-2461. [PMID: 33507194 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecules whose magnetic resonance (MR) signals report on their biological environment is receiving attention as a route to non-invasive functional MR. Hyperpolarisation techniques improve the sensitivity of MR and enable real time low concentration MR imaging, allowing for the development of novel functional imaging methodologies. In this work, we report on the synthesis of a series of EGTA-derived molecules (EGTA - ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), whose core structures are known to bind biologically relevant metal ions in vivo, in addition to pyridyl rings that allow reversible ligation to an iridium dihydride complex. Consequently, they are amenable to hyperpolarisation through the parahydrogen-based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) process. We investigate how the proximity of EGTA and pyridine units, and the identity of the linker group, affect the SABRE hyperpolarisation attained for each agent. We also describe the effect of catalyst identity and co-ligand presence on these measurements and can achieve 1H NMR signal enhancements of up to 160-fold. We rationalise these results to suggest the design elements needed for probes amenable to SABRE hyperpolarisation whose MR signals might in the future report on the presence of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK.
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22
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Tickner BJ, Ahwal F, Whitwood AC, Duckett SB. Reversible Hyperpolarization of Ketoisocaproate Using Sulfoxide-containing Polarization Transfer Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:13-17. [PMID: 33196137 PMCID: PMC7839500 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The substrate scope of sulfoxide-containing magnetisation transfer catalysts is extended to hyperpolarize α-ketoisocaproate and α-ketoisocaproate-1-[13 C]. This is achieved by forming [Ir(H)2 (κ2 -ketoisocaproate)(N-heterocyclic carbene)(sulfoxide)] which transfers latent magnetism from p-H2 via the signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) process. The effect of polarization transfer field on the formation of enhanced 13 C magnetization is evaluated. Consequently, performing SABRE in a 0.5 μT field enabled most efficient magnetisation transfer. 13 C NMR signals for α-ketoisocaproate-1-[13 C] in methanol-d4 are up to 985-fold more intense than their traditional Boltzmann derived signal intensity (0.8 % 13 C polarisation). Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of the novel catalyst decomposition products [Ir(μ-H)(H)2 (IMes)(SO(Ph)(Me)2 )]2 and [(Ir(H)2 (IMes)(SO(Me)2 ))2 (μ-S)] when the sulfoxides methylphenylsulfoxide and dimethylsulfoxide are used respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben. J. Tickner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5NY
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5DD
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 300090014OuluFinland
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5NY
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5DD
| | | | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5NY
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkU.K.YO10 5DD
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23
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Pham P, Hilty C. Tunable iridium catalyst designs with bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for SABRE hyperpolarization of sterically hindered substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15466-15469. [PMID: 33241813 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06840c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iridium catalysts, [Ir(κC,N-NHC)H2L2]BPh4, are proposed for SABRE hyperpolarization. The steric and electronic properties of the NHCs are used to tune substrate affinity and thereby SABRE efficiency. The sterically hindered substrates 2,4-diaminopyrimidine and trimethoprim yielded maximum proton NMR signal enhancements of ∼300-fold and ∼150-fold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Pham
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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24
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Jeong HJ, Min S, Chae H, Kim S, Lee G, Namgoong SK, Jeong K. Signal amplification by reversible exchange for COVID-19 antiviral drug candidates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14290. [PMID: 32868801 PMCID: PMC7459298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several drug candidates have been proposed and tested as the latest clinical treatment for coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir/lopinavir, and favipiravir are under trials for the treatment of this disease. The hyperpolarization technique has the ability to further provide a better understanding of the roles of these drugs at the molecular scale and in different applications in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging. This technique may provide new opportunities in diagnosis and research of COVID-19. Signal amplification by reversible exchange-based hyperpolarization studies on large-sized drug candidates were carried out. We observed hyperpolarized proton signals from whole structures, due to the unprecedented long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. We also found that the optimal magnetic field for the maximum polarization transfer yield was dependent on the molecular structure. We can expect further research on the hyperpolarization of other important large molecules, isotope labeling, as well as polarization transfer on nuclei with a long spin relaxation time. A clinical perspective of these features on drug molecules can broaden the application of hyperpolarization techniques for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, 01805, South Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea
| | - Heelim Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea
| | - Gunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, 01805, South Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, 01805, South Korea.
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