1
|
Piña MDLN, León A, Frontera A, Morey J, Bauzá A. Using Hybrid PDI-Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles for Capturing Aliphatic Alcohols: Halogen Bonding vs. Lone Pair-π Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6436. [PMID: 38928142 PMCID: PMC11203483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FeNPs) decorated with halogenated perylene diimides (PDIs) have been used for capturing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) through noncovalent binding. Concretely, we have used tetrachlorinated/brominated PDIs as well as a nonhalogenated PDI as a reference system. On the other hand, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol were used as VOCs. Experimental studies along with theoretical calculations (the BP86-D3/def2-TZVPP level of theory) pointed to two possible and likely competitive binding modes (lone pair-π through the π-acidic surface of the PDI and a halogen bond via the σ-holes at the Cl/Br atoms). More in detail, thermal desorption (TD) experiments showed an increase in the VOC retention capacity upon increasing the length of the alkyl chain, suggesting a preference for the interaction with the PDI aromatic surface. In addition, the tetrachlorinated derivative showed larger VOC retention times compared to the tetrabrominated analog. These results were complemented by several state-of-the-art computational tools, such as the electrostatic surface potential analysis, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), as well as the noncovalent interaction plot (NCIplot) visual index, which were helpful to rationalize the role of each interaction in the VOC···PDI recognition phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeroni Morey
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain; (M.d.l.N.P.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain; (M.d.l.N.P.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takaguchi K, Nakaoka H, Tsumura K, Eguchi A, Shimatani K, Nakayama Y, Matsushita T, Ishizaka T, Kawashima A, Mori C, Suzuki N. The association between clustering based on composition of volatile organic compound in indoor air and building-related symptoms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170197. [PMID: 38253092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been suspected to cause building-related symptoms (BRSs). Although some studies investigated the association between BRSs and VOCs in indoor air, those results were inconsistent. This study investigated the contamination status of VOCs in the indoor air of 154 houses in Japan. Additionally, these samples were grouped by hierarchical clustering analysis based on the VOC composition, and the relationship between a VOC cluster and the BRSs was investigated. The median concentration of the sum of VOCs (ΣVOCs) was 140 μg m-3 (range: 18-3500 μg m-3). The levels of acetaldehyde in four samples and p-dichlorobenzene in one sample exceeded the guideline value. As a result of the hierarchical clustering analysis, the samples in this study were divided into six characteristic clusters based on the VOC composition. The ΣVOCs in cluster 1 were significantly lower than those in other clusters. In cluster 2, acyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons were dominant. Cluster 3 had a relatively high proportion of limonene. In cluster 4, the concentrations and composition ratios of α-pinene were higher than those of other clusters. In cluster 5, p-dichlorobenzene accounted for 42 %-72 % of the total VOCs. Cluster 6 had a relatively high proportion of decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane. This clustering likely depended on the construction of houses and lifestyles. As a result of logistic regression analysis, cluster 5 was associated with the cough symptoms of the BRSs. The results of the present study suggest that investigating the association between VOCs and BRSs is necessary to consider not only total concentrations such as TVOC and ΣVOCs but also VOC composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Takaguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Nakaoka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kayo Tsumura
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiichi Shimatani
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Nakayama
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishizaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ayato Kawashima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Norimichi Suzuki
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sosada-Ludwikowska F, Reiner L, Egger L, Lackner E, Krainer J, Wimmer-Teubenbacher R, Singh V, Steinhauer S, Grammatikopoulos P, Koeck A. Adjusting surface coverage of Pt nanocatalyst decoration for selectivity control in CMOS-integrated SnO 2 thin film gas sensors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1127-1134. [PMID: 38356629 PMCID: PMC10863709 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Smart gas-sensor devices are of crucial importance for emerging consumer electronics and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, in particular for indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring (e.g., CO2 levels) or for detecting pollutants harmful for human health. Chemoresistive nanosensors based on metal-oxide semiconductors are among the most promising technologies due to their high sensitivity and suitability for scalable low-cost fabrication of miniaturised devices. However, poor selectivity between different target analytes restrains this technology from broader applicability. This is commonly addressed by chemical functionalisation of the sensor surface via catalytic nanoparticles. Yet, while the latter led to significant advances in gas selectivity, nanocatalyst decoration with precise size and coverage control remains challenging. Here, we present CMOS-integrated gas sensors based on tin oxide (SnO2) films deposited by spray pyrolysis technology, which were functionalised with platinum (Pt) nanocatalysts. We deposited size-selected Pt nanoparticles (narrow size distribution around 3 nm) by magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation, a technique which enables straightforward surface coverage control. The resulting impact on SnO2 sensor properties for CO and volatile organic compound (VOC) detection via functionalisation was investigated. We identified an upper threshold for nanoparticle deposition time above which increased surface coverage did not result in further CO or VOC sensitivity enhancement. Most importantly, we demonstrate a method to adjust the selectivity between these target gases by simply adjusting the Pt nanoparticle deposition time. Using a simple computational model for nanocatalyst coverage resulting from random gas-phase deposition, we support our findings and discuss the effects of nanoparticle coalescence as well as inter-particle distances on sensor functionalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Reiner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - L Egger
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - E Lackner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - J Krainer
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | | | - V Singh
- Nanoparticles by Design Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), Graduate University 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - S Steinhauer
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - P Grammatikopoulos
- Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong 515063 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong 515063 China
| | - A Koeck
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saraga DΕ, Querol X, Duarte RMBO, Aquilina NJ, Canha N, Alvarez EG, Jovasevic-Stojanovic M, Bekö G, Byčenkienė S, Kovacevic R, Plauškaitė K, Carslaw N. Source apportionment for indoor air pollution: Current challenges and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165744. [PMID: 37487894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Source apportionment (SA) for indoor air pollution is challenging due to the multiplicity and high variability of indoor sources, the complex physical and chemical processes that act as primary sources, sinks and sources of precursors that lead to secondary formation, and the interconnection with the outdoor environment. While the major indoor sources have been recognized, there is still a need for understanding the contribution of indoor versus outdoor-generated pollutants penetrating indoors, and how SA is influenced by the complex processes that occur in indoor environments. This paper reviews our current understanding of SA, through reviewing information on the SA techniques used, the targeted pollutants that have been studied to date, and their source apportionment, along with limitations or knowledge gaps in this research field. The majority (78 %) of SA studies to date focused on PM chemical composition/size distribution, with fewer studies covering organic compounds such as ketones, carbonyls and aldehydes. Regarding the SA method used, the majority of studies have used Positive Matrix Factorization (31 %), Principal Component Analysis (26 %) and Chemical Mass Balance (7 %) receptor models. The indoor PM sources identified to date include building materials and furniture emissions, indoor combustion-related sources, cooking-related sources, resuspension, cleaning and consumer products emissions, secondary-generated pollutants indoors and other products and activity-related emissions. The outdoor environment contribution to the measured pollutant indoors varies considerably (<10 %- 90 %) among the studies. Future challenges for this research area include the need for optimization of indoor air quality monitoring and data selection as well as the incorporation of physical and chemical processes in indoor air into source apportionment methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dikaia Ε Saraga
- Atmospheric Chemistry & Innovative Technologies Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece.
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regina M B O Duarte
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Noel J Aquilina
- Department of Chemistry - Faculty of Science, Chemistry Building, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Nuno Canha
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Elena Gómez Alvarez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Healthy and Sustainable Built Environment Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Steigvilė Byčenkienė
- Department of Environmental Research, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Kristina Plauškaitė
- Department of Environmental Research, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nicola Carslaw
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin S, Zhong L, Zhang X, Li X, Li B, Fang X. Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds: Concentration Characteristics and Health Risk Analysis on a University Campus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105829. [PMID: 37239556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major indoor air pollutants that contain several toxic substances. However, there are few studies on health risk assessments of indoor VOCs in China. This study aimed to determine the concentration characteristics of VOCs on college campuses by collecting VOC samples from different locations on campus during different seasons combined with the exposure times of college students in each location obtained from a questionnaire survey to assess the possible health risks. The highest total VOC concentration (254 ± 101 µg/m3) was in the dormitory. The seasonal variation of TVOC concentrations was related to the variation of emission sources in addition to temperature. Health risk assessments of VOCs were evaluated using non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values, represented by hazard quotient (HQ) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR), respectively. The non-carcinogenic risks at all sampling sites were within the safe range (HQ < 1). Dormitories had the highest carcinogenic risk, whereas the carcinogenic risk in the other three places was low (with LCR < 1.0 × 10-6). Moreover, 1,2-dichloroethane was identified as a possible carcinogenic risk substance in the dormitory due to its high LCR (1.95 × 10-6). This study provides basic data on health risks in different locations on campus and a basis for formulating measures to improve people's living environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjia Jin
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhong
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhe Li
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bowei Li
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuekun Fang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliveira K, Guevara M, Jorba O, Querol X, García-Pando CP. A new NMVOC speciated inventory for a reactivity-based approach to support ozone control strategies in Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161449. [PMID: 36623647 PMCID: PMC9938404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is a persistent problem in many regions of Spain, so understanding O3 precursor emissions and trends is essential to design effective control strategies. We estimated the impact of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC) species upon O3 formation potential (OFP) using the maximum incremental reactivity approach. For this, we developed a speciated NMVOC emission inventory for Spain from 2010 to 2019 combining national reported emissions with state-of-the-art speciation profiles, which resulted in a database of emissions for over 900 individual NMVOC species and 153 individual sectors. Additionally, we analysed 2030 emission projections to quantify the expected impact of planned measures on future OFP levels. Overall, the main activities contributing to OFP in Spain are paint manufacturing and applications (20 %), manure management (16 %), and domestic solvent use (6 %). These activities contribute unevenly across regions. The more urbanised areas report a larger contribution from the solvent sector (64 % in Madrid), while in rural areas, manure management and agricultural waste burning gain importance (24 % in Extremadura), indicating that local control measures should be implemented. The top 10 NMVOC species contributing to OFP are ethanol, ethene, xylenes, propene, toluene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, styrene, n-butane, and cyclopentane, which together are responsible for 54 % of the total OFP. Our trend analysis indicates a reduction of NMVOC emissions and OFP of -5 % and -10 % between 2010 and 2019, respectively. The larger decrease in OFP is driven by a bigger reduction in xylenes (-29 %) and toluene (-28 %) from paint application industries and the road transport sector. By 2030 a significant increase (+37 %) in the OFP from the public electricity sector is expected due to the planned increase in biomass use for power generation. Our results indicate that policies should focus on paint reformulation, limiting aerosol products, and implementing NMVOC control devices in future biomass power plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Oliveira
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Guevara
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Jorba
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Pérez García-Pando
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Do Synthetic Fragrances in Personal Care and Household Products Impact Indoor Air Quality and Pose Health Risks? J Xenobiot 2023; 13:121-131. [PMID: 36976159 PMCID: PMC10051690 DOI: 10.3390/jox13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragrance compounds (synthetic fragrances or natural essential oils) comprise formulations of specific combinations of individual materials or mixtures. Natural or synthetic scents are core constituents of personal care and household products (PCHPs) that impart attractiveness to the olfactory perception and disguise the unpleasant odor of the formula components of PCHPs. Fragrance chemicals have beneficial properties that allow their use in aromatherapy. However, because fragrances and formula constituents of PCHPs are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), vulnerable populations are exposed daily to variable indoor concentrations of these chemicals. Fragrance molecules may trigger various acute and chronic pathological conditions because of repetitive human exposure to indoor environments at home and workplaces. The negative impact of fragrance chemicals on human health includes cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic effects (e.g., headaches, asthma attacks, breathing difficulties, cardiovascular and neurological problems) and distress in workplaces. Pathologies related to synthetic perfumes are associated with allergic reactions (e.g., cutaneous and pulmonary hypersensitivity) and potentially with the perturbation of the endocrine-immune-neural axis. The present review aims to critically call attention to odorant VOCs, particularly synthetic fragrances and associated formula components of PCHPs, potentially impacting indoor air quality and negatively affecting human health.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moura PC, Pivetta TP, Vassilenko V, Ribeiro PA, Raposo M. Graphene Oxide Thin Films for Detection and Quantification of Industrially Relevant Alcohols and Acetic Acid. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 36617058 PMCID: PMC9823657 DOI: 10.3390/s23010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Industrial environments are frequently composed of potentially toxic and hazardous compounds. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most concerning categories of analytes commonly existent in the indoor air of factories' facilities. The sources of VOCs in the industrial context are abundant and a vast range of human health conditions and pathologies are known to be caused by both short- and long-term exposures. Hence, accurate and rapid detection, identification, and quantification of VOCs in industrial environments are mandatory issues. This work demonstrates that graphene oxide (GO) thin films can be used to distinguish acetic acid, ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol, major analytes for the field of industrial air quality, using the electronic nose concept based on impedance spectra measurements. The data were treated by principal component analysis. The sensor consists of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and GO layer-by-layer films deposited on ceramic supports coated with gold interdigitated electrodes. The electrical characterization of this sensor in the presence of the VOCs allows the identification of acetic acid in the concentration range from 24 to 120 ppm, and of ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol in a concentration range from 18 to 90 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the results allows the quantification of acetic acid, ethanol, and isopropanol concentrations with sensitivity values of (3.03±0.12)∗104, (-1.15±0.19)∗104, and (-1.1±0.50)∗104 mL-1, respectively. The resolution of this sensor to detect the different analytes is lower than 0.04 ppm, which means it is an interesting sensor for use as an electronic nose for the detection of VOCs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuzhanthaivelan S, Sunitha S, Rajakumar B. Computational investigation of thermochemistry and kinetics of the reaction between n-butyl peroxy and hydroperoxyl radicals. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Haug H, Klein L, Sauerwald T, Poelke B, Beauchamp J, Roloff A. Sampling Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Consumer Products: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36306209 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2136484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common constituents of many consumer products. Although many VOCs are generally considered harmless at low concentrations, some compound classes represent substances of concern in relation to human (inhalation) exposure and can elicit adverse health effects, especially when concentrations build up, such as in indoor settings. Determining VOC emissions from consumer products, such as toys, utensils or decorative articles, is of utmost importance to enable the assessment of inhalation exposure under real-world scenarios with respect to consumer safety. Due to the diverse sizes and shapes of such products, as well as their differing uses, a one-size-fits-all approach for measuring VOC emissions is not possible, thus, sampling procedures must be chosen carefully to best suit the sample under investigation. This review outlines the different sampling approaches for characterizing VOC emissions from consumer products, including headspace and emission test chamber methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each sampling technique are discussed in relation to their time and cost efficiency, as well as their suitability to realistically assess VOC inhalation exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Haug
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luise Klein
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Sauerwald
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Birte Poelke
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Beauchamp
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novak PJ, Donahue N, McNeill K, Vikesland PJ. Best Papers from 2021 published in the Environmental Science journals of the Royal Society of Chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:848-850. [PMID: 35695188 DOI: 10.1039/d2em90014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Editors-in-Chief of the Environmental Science journals introduce the Best Papers of 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige J Novak
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Neil Donahue
- Carnegie Mellon University Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter J Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yeoman AM, Heeley-Hill AC, Shaw M, Andrews SJ, Lewis AC. Inhalation of VOCs from facial moisturizers and the influence of dose proximity. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12948. [PMID: 34816489 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from personal care products (PCPs) contribute to poor indoor air quality. Exposure to indoor VOCs is typically determined through ambient concentration measurements; however, for some PCPs the proximity of use to the nose and mouth may lead to disproportionately large inhaled doses. In this paper, we quantify emission factors for six common PCP ingredient VOCs (ethanol, 2-propanol, benzyl alcohol, 1,3-butanediol, t-butyl alcohol, and the grouping of monoterpenes as limonene) from 16 facial day-moisturizers using headspace analysis and selected ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. A wide range of emissions rates were observed across the range of products tested (e.g., ethanol 3.3-6.9 × 102 µg s-1 g[product]-1 , limonene 1.3 × 10-1 -4.1 × 10-1 µg s-1 g[product]-1 ). We use a mannequin head with reconstructed nose and mouth airways to sample VOCs from facial application at typical respiration volumes. A single facial application of moisturizer can lead to a much larger inhaled VOC dose than would be inhaled from typical indoor ambient air over 24 h (e.g., limonene up to ~×16 greater via facial application, ethanol up to ~×300). Emissions from facially applied PCPs typically decayed to background concentrations over periods ranging from 5 to 150 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Yeoman
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Marvin Shaw
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Stephen J Andrews
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oyer-Peterson K, Ruiz de Porras DG, Han I, Delclos GL, Brooks EG, Afshar M, Whitworth KW. A pilot study of total personal exposure to volatile organic compounds among Hispanic female domestic cleaners. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:1-11. [PMID: 34731075 PMCID: PMC8813894 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.2000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cleaners have an elevated risk for the development or exacerbation of asthma and other respiratory conditions, possibly due to exposure to cleaning products containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. This pilot study aimed to quantify total personal exposure to VOCs and to assess biomarkers of inflammation and pulmonary oxidative stress in 15 predominantly Hispanic women working as domestic cleaners in San Antonio, Texas, between November 2019 and July 2020. In partnership with a community organization, Domésticas Unidas, recruited women were invited to attend a training session where they were provided 3M 3500 passive organic vapor monitors (badges) and began a 72-hr sampling period during which they were instructed to wear one badge during the entire period ("AT," for All the Time), a second badge only while they were inside their home ("INS," for INSide), and a third badge only when they were outside their home ("OUT," for OUTside). At the end of the sampling period, women returned the badges and provided blood and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. From the badges, 30 individual VOCs were measured and summed to inform total VOC (TVOC) concentrations, as well as concentrations of the following VOC groups: aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, and terpenes. From the blood and EBC samples, concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and EBC 8-isoprostane (8-ISP) and pH were quantified. Data analyses included descriptive statistics. The 72-hr average of personal exposure to TVOC was 34.4 ppb and ranged from 9.2 to 219.5 ppb. The most prevalent class of VOC exposures for most women (66.7%) was terpenes, specifically d-limonene. Overall, most women also experienced higher TVOC concentrations while outside their home (86.7%) as compared to inside their home. Serum CRP concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 20.3 mg/dL; 8-ISP concentrations ranged from 9.5 to 44.1 pg/mL; and EBC pH ranged from 7.1 to 8.6. Overall, this pilot study demonstrated personal VOC exposure among Hispanic domestic cleaners, particularly to d-limonene, which may result from the use of scented cleaning products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Oyer-Peterson
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CISAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Inkyu Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George L. Delclos
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CISAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward G. Brooks
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio), Long School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Masoud Afshar
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristina W. Whitworth
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
David E, Niculescu VC. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as Environmental Pollutants: Occurrence and Mitigation Using Nanomaterials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13147. [PMID: 34948756 PMCID: PMC8700805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise various organic chemicals which are released as gases from different liquids or solids. The nature and impact of the health effects are dependent on the VOCs concentrations and, also, on the exposure time. VOCs are present in different household, industrial or commercial and products, but their accumulation in air and water has primarily gained attention. Among VOCs, trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride are the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds. In order to improve the indoor air and water quality, VOCs can be removed via efficient approaches involving nanomaterials, by using techniques such as adsorption, catalysis or photocatalysis. In the recent years, the development of manufacturing procedures, characterization techniques and testing processes has resulted in the growth of na-nomaterials obtaining and applications, creating great possibilities and also a tremendous prov-ocation in applying them for highly efficient VOCs removal. This review is intended to contrib-ute to the improvement of awareness and knowledge on the great potential that nanomaterials have in VOCs removal, in order a to improve indoor and outdoor environment, but also the worldwide water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|