1
|
Pal S, Arisha R, Mazumder PM. A systematic review of preclinical studies targeted toward the management of co-existing functional gastrointestinal disorders, stress, and gut dysbiosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03332-z. [PMID: 39096376 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Modern dietary habits and stressed lifestyle have escalated the tendency to develop functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) through alteration in the gut-brain-microbiome axis. Clinical practices use symptomatic treatments, neglect root causes, and prolong distress in patients. The past decade has seen the evolution of various interventions to attenuate FGIDs. But clinical translation of such studies is very rare mostly due to lack of awareness. The aim of this review is to meticulously integrate different studies and bridge this knowledge gap. Literature between 2013 and 2023 was retrieved from PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The data was extracted based on the PRISMA guidelines and using the SYRCLE's risk of bias and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools, quality assessment was performed. The review has highlighted molecular insights into the coexistence of FGIDs, stress, and gut dysbiosis. Furthermore, novel interventions focusing on diet, probiotics, herbal formulations, and phytoconstituents were explored which mostly had a multitargeted approach for the management of the diseases. Scientific literature implied positive interactions between the interventions and the gut microbiome by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing stress-related hormones. Moreover, the interventions reduced intestinal inflammation and regulated the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins in different in vivo models. This systematic review delves deep into the preclinical interventions to manage coexisting FGIDs, stress, and gut dysbiosis. However, in most of the discussed studies, long-term risks and toxicity profile of the interventions are lacking. So, it is necessary to highlight them for improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyashi Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Ruhi Arisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Si X, Hua Y, Qian Y, Li H, Lv N, Fang Q, Han X, Xu T. Tongbian formula alleviates slow transit constipation by increasing intestinal butyric acid to activate the 5-HT signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17951. [PMID: 39095450 PMCID: PMC11297216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is a long-lasting and prevalent intestinal condition, marked by hard, dry feces. The primary cause of STC may be attributed to an imbalance in the gut's microbial community and alterations in its metabolic byproducts. Tongbian formula (TB), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has been used to treat STC and shows a great effect on relieving constipation. The role of TB in regulating intestinal microbiota has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the potential effect of TB on gut microbiota and further explored the potential mechanism behind its effects. Our study demonstrated that TB significantly increased fecal water content and intestinal ink propulsion rate in loperamide (Lope)-induced STC rats. 5-HT signaling was suppressed in STC colon tissue, and the abundance of butyric acid (BA) in colonic contents was significantly down-regulated after Lope treatment. Notably, TB administration led to the restoration of microbial dysbiosis and the up-regulation of BA content, subsequently activating 5-HT signaling pathways. When BA was combined with a tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) inhibitor, which is crucial for 5-HT synthesis, its therapeutic efficacy for treating STC was compromised. TB alleviates STC by reversing the intestinal microbiota imbalance and activating the 5-HT signaling in the colon through increasing BA levels. These findings suggest that TB is an ideal candidate for STC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongna Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xianghuan Si
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuanqing Hua
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hongjia Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qijun Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rini DM, Xu W, Suzuki T. Current Research on the Role of Isomaltooligosaccharides in Gastrointestinal Health and Metabolic Diseases. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:93-105. [PMID: 38974594 PMCID: PMC11223922 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal barrier and facilitating nutrient absorption. It also serves as a critical physical barrier against the infiltration of foreign substances from the intestinal lumen into the circulation. Intestinal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in the development of several diseases. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs), which are a type of dietary fiber, possess multiple health benefits. However, there is limited information regarding their efficacy against gastrointestinal diseases. This review explores the therapeutic potential of IMOs in obesity, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hyperlipidemia, and constipation. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity models have shown that IMOs, administered alone or in combination with other compounds, exhibit potent antiobesity effects, making them promising agents in the treatment of obesity and its associated complications. Moreover, IMOs exhibit preventive effects against HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction by modulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid levels, thereby ameliorating symptoms. Furthermore, IMOs can reduce IBD and alleviate hyperlipidemia, as indicated by the reduced histological colitis scores and improved lipid profiles observed in clinical trials and animal studies. This review highlights IMOs as a versatile intervention strategy that can improve gastrointestinal health by modulating gut microbiota, immune responses, and metabolic parameters, providing a multifaceted approach to address the complex nature of gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mustika Rini
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
| | - Wenxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang T, Lu H, Cheng T, Wang L, Wang G, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacterium longum S3 alleviates loperamide-induced constipation by modulating intestinal acetic acid and stearic acid levels in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:6118-6133. [PMID: 38764333 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Constipation is a major gastrointestinal (GI) symptom worldwide, with diverse causes of formation, and requires effective and safe therapeutic measures. In the present study, we used loperamide hydrochloride to establish a constipation model and assessed the effect of Bifidobacterium on constipation and its possible mechanism of relief. The results showed that B. longum S3 exerted a constipation-relieving effect primarily by improving the gut microbiota, enriching genera including Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-007, and decreasing the bacteria Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group. These changes may thereby increase acetic acid and stearic acid (C18:0) levels, which significantly increase the expression levels of ZO-1 and MUC-2, repair intestinal barrier damage and reduce inflammation (IL-6). Furthermore, it also inhibited oxidative stress levels (SOD and CAT), decreased the expression of water channel proteins (AQP4 and AQP8), significantly elevated the Gas, 5-HT, PGE2, and Ach levels, and reduced nNOS and VIP levels to improve the intestinal luminal transit time and fecal water content. Collectively, these changes resulted in the alleviation of constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kayser E, Finet SE, de Godoy MRC. The role of carbohydrates in canine and feline nutrition. Anim Front 2024; 14:28-37. [PMID: 38910951 PMCID: PMC11188962 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Kayser
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shannon E Finet
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Maria R C de Godoy
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma K, Su B, Li F, Li J, Nie J, Xiong W, Luo J, Huang S, Zhou T, Liang X, Li F, Deng J, Tan C. Maternal or post-weaning dietary fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation reduces stillbirth rate of sows and diarrhea of weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:155-164. [PMID: 38774024 PMCID: PMC11107255 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are well-known prebiotics that have the potential to improve sow reproductive performance and increase piglet growth. However, previous studies were observed in sole FOS-supplemented diets of sows or weaned piglets and did not consider the sow-to-piglet transfer effect on the performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets. This study explores the effects of dietary FOS supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows, and the effects of FOS supplementation at different stages on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets. A split-plot experimental design was used with sow diet effect in the whole plot and differing piglet diet effect in the subplot. Fifty-two multiparous sows (223.24 ± 14.77 kg) were randomly divided into 2 groups (0 or 0.2% FOS). The experiment lasted from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Reproductive performance, glucose tolerance, placental angiogenesis, and intestinal flora of sows were assessed. At weaning, 192 weaned piglets were grouped in 2 × 2 factorial designs, with the main effects of FOS supplemental level of sow diet (0 and 0.2%), and FOS supplemental level of weaned piglet diet (0 and 0.2%), respectively. The growth performance and diarrhea rate of the weaned piglets were analyzed during a 28-d experiment. Maternal dietary supplementation of FOS was shown to reduce the stillbirth and invalid piglet rates (P < 0.05), improve the insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05) and fecal scores (P < 0.05) of sows, increase the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (P = 0.016), decrease the abundance of Escherichia coli (P = 0.035), and increase the isovalerate content in feces (P = 0.086). Meanwhile, the placental angiogenesis marker CD31 expression was increased in sows fed FOS diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, maternal and post-weaning dietary FOS supplementation reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets (P < 0.05) and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces (P < 0.05). Furthermore, only post-weaning dietary FOS supplementation could improve nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets (P < 0.05). Collectively, FOS supplementation in sows can reduce stillbirth rate, perinatal constipation, and insulin resistance, as well as improve placental vascularization barrier. Additionally, maternal and post-weaning dietary FOS supplementation reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets, but only FOS supplementation in piglets alone at weaning stage could improve their nutrient digestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fuyong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiawei Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenyu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinxi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangzhou Pucheng Biological Technology Co., Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Xide Liang
- Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 251200, China
| | - Facai Li
- Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 251200, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengquan Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen KD, Wang KL, Chen C, Zhu YJ, Tang WW, Wang YJ, Chen ZP, He LH, Chen YG, Zhang W. Hydrogen-rich water alleviates constipation by attenuating oxidative stress through the sirtuin1/nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2709-2725. [PMID: 38855154 PMCID: PMC11154682 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i20.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation, a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder, induces a significant burden on the quality of patients' life and is associated with substantial healthcare expenditures. Therefore, identifying efficient therapeutic modalities for constipation is of paramount importance. Oxidative stress is a pivotal contributor to colonic dysmotility and is the underlying pathology responsible for constipation symptoms. Consequently, we postulate that hydrogen therapy, an emerging and promising intervention, can serve as a safe and efficacious treatment for constipation. AIM To determine whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) alleviates constipation and its potential mechanism. METHODS Constipation models were established by orally loperamide to Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats freely consumed HRW, and were recorded their 24 h total stool weight, fecal water content, and charcoal propulsion rate. Fecal samples were subjected to 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Serum non-targeted metabolomic analysis, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels were determined. Colonic tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff, reactive oxygen species (ROS) immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry for cell growth factor receptor kit (c-kit), PGP 9.5, sirtuin1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were conducted to determine the expression level of SIRT1, Nrf2 and HO-1. A rescue experiment was conducted by intraperitoneally injecting the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, into constipated rats. NCM460 cells were induced with H2O2 and treated with the metabolites to evaluate ROS and SIRT1 expression. RESULTS HRW alleviated constipation symptoms by improving the total amount of stool over 24 h, fecal water content, charcoal propulsion rate, thickness of the intestinal mucus layer, c-kit expression, and the number of intestinal neurons. HRW modulated intestinal microbiota imbalance and abnormalities in serum metabolism. HRW could also reduce intestinal oxidative stress through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. This regulatory effect on oxidative stress was confirmed via an intraperitoneal injection of a SIRT1 inhibitor to constipated rats. The serum metabolites, β-leucine (β-Leu) and traumatic acid, were also found to attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in NCM460 cells by up-regulating SIRT1. CONCLUSION HRW attenuates constipation-associated intestinal oxidative stress via SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites. β-Leu and traumatic acid are potential metabolites that upregulate SIRT1 expression and reduce oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Di Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kui-Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Jia Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Wen Tang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ji Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ze-Peng Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Hai He
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- The No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Gen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Pan Y, Zhang X, Ren X. Comparative study the alleviated effects of various oligosaccharides on colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112293. [PMID: 38795596 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides, namely, chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and 2'-fucosyllactose (2-FL) were used to prevent the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo based on antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activities, further comparing their alleviating effects to investigate the optimal anti-inflammatory agent. The results showed COS demonstrated the highest antioxidant properties, with a DPPH scavenging rate of 37.4% and an ABTS scavenging rate of 46.4% in these oligosaccharides. Consequently, COS exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activities on inflamed RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the COS intervention demonstrated the best attenuated effects on decrease in the body weight and increase in DAI score, as well as on the overexpressed inflammatory factors and underexpressed short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compare to FOS and 2-FL. Therefore, these beneficial changes help prevent the damage to the inflammatory lesions in colonic histopathology. Additionally, COS significantly increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes at phylum level. It also up-regulated the abundance of Lactobacillaceae and down-regulated Helicobacteraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae more effectively at family level to maintain oral tolerance against DSS. In short, COS intervention could be a promising nutritional strategy for alleviating colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- College of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yue Pan
- College of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xuejiao Ren
- College of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He J, Li X, Yan M, Chen X, Sun C, Tan J, Song Y, Xu H, Wu L, Yang Z. Inulin Reduces Kidney Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Decreasing Inflammation and Serum Metabolomics. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:1222395. [PMID: 38725443 PMCID: PMC11081752 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1222395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at assessing the impact of soluble dietary fiber inulin on the treatment of diabetes-related chronic inflammation and kidney injury in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The T2DM model was created by feeding the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injecting them with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days). The thirty-six ICR mice were divided into three dietary groups: the normal control (NC) group, the T2DM (DM) group, and the DM + inulin diet (INU) group. The INU group mice were given inulin at the dose of 500 mg/kg gavage daily until the end of the 12th week. After 12 weeks, the administration of inulin resulted in decreased serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CRE). The administration of inulin not only ameliorated renal injury but also resulted in a reduction in the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors in the spleen and serum oxidative stress levels, when compared to the DM group. Additionally, inulin treatment in mice with a T2DM model led to a significant increase in the concentrations of three primary short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid), while the concentration of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a prominent inflammatory factor in diabetes, exhibited a significant decrease. The results of untargeted metabolomics indicate that inulin has the potential to alleviate inflammatory response and kidney damage in diabetic mice. This beneficial effect is attributed to its impact on various metabolic pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism. Consequently, oral inulin emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes and kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan He
- Health Testing Center, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Medical Laboratory Department, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an 223022, China
| | - Man Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinsheng Chen
- Hospital Infection-Disease Control Department, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiajun Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinsheng Song
- Health Testing Center, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Health Testing Center, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhengnan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yizheng Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yin H, Gao X, Yang H, Xu Z, Wang X, Wang X, Gao Y, Shi Z, Chen X, Cao L, Zhang C, Wang Z, Hu H, Xiao W. Total alditols from Cistanche deserticola attenuate functional constipation by regulating bile acid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117420. [PMID: 37967778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Functional constipation (FC), characterized by chronic constipation, significantly impacts physiological function and induces psychological stress in patients. However, current clinical treatment options for FC are currently limited. Cistanche deserticola, a traditional Chinese medicine that promotes intestinal moisture and bowel relaxation, contains cistanche total alditol extract (CTAE) as its primary active extract. However, the production of CTAE, its overall efficacy, and potential mechanisms for treating FC have yet to been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to reveal the overall efficacy and potential mechanism of action of CTAE in rats with FC using a combination of stable preparation, pharmacodynamics, non-targeted metabolomics, bile acid metabolomics, and western blotting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen batches of CTAE underwent quality testing. A rat model of FC was developed using diphenoxylate tablets. The comprehensive pharmacodynamic effects of CTAE on FC were evaluated using fecal characteristics (wet weight, dry weight, and water content), intestinal transmission (colonic EMG amplitude, colonic EMG frequency, propulsion length, and propulsion rate), serum and colon biochemical indicators, distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and pathological examination. Non-targeted metabolomics was performed to assess the changes in endogenous metabolite profiles induced by CTAE. Bile acid metabolomics and western blotting analyses were employed to validate the potential mechanisms of action of CTAE. RESULTS CTAE, with a total content of betaine, mannitol, D-fructose, glucose, and sucrose of (75.67 ± 3.73) %, significantly enhanced intestinal transit, regulated neurotransmitters, increased the expression of c-kit in ICC, and alleviated intestinal inflammation in rats with FC. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that CTAE significantly alleviated FC-induced metabolic disorders, mainly the biosynthesis of primary bile acids. Targeted metabolomic analysis confirmed that CTAE regulated FC-induced bile acid disorders. Western-blotting results confirmed that CTAE increased the expression of CYP8B1, FGF15, TGR5, and FXR, thereby modulating bile acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. CONCLUSION CTAE demonstrates significant therapeutic effects on FC, primarily through the regulation of bile acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. These findings provide a promising foundation for the development and clinical application of novel CATE-based drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Hao Yang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhongkun Xu
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yunjia Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziyi Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xialin Chen
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Chenfeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Hanfei Hu
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zou H, Gao H, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Wang W, Ren B, Tan X. Dietary inulin alleviated constipation induced depression and anxiety-like behaviors: Involvement of gut microbiota and microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129420. [PMID: 38219945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic constipation has been associated with depression-like behavior. Previous study identified the crucial role of gut microbiota in the development of constipation and depression. Dietary inulin (INU) could regulate gut microbiota. Whether INU treatment could ameliorate constipation induced depression was not clear. For this purpose, male CD-1 mice were administered diphenoxylate (20 mg/kg body weight/day) to induce constipation. We found that INU (10 % in standard diet) alleviated the diphenoxylate-induced constipation, manifested as the increase weight and moisture content of feces. Furthermore, the associated depression and anxiety-like behavior disorders were improved by inhibiting neuro-inflammation and preventing synaptic ultrastructure damage under INU treatment. Moreover, INU pretreatment improved the diphenoxylate-induced gut barrier damage by upregulating tight junction protein expression. INU also reshaped gut microbiota in constipation mice by increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria and downregulating the abundance of Muribacalum and Melaminabacteria. The effects of INU on diphenoxylate-induced depression were abolished by gut microbiota depletion via antibiotic treatment. In addition, INU increased the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces contents. Meanwhile, supplementation of SCFAs could also partly improve diphenoxylate-induced depression. In conclusion, INU intake was a potential nutritional intervention strategy to prevent constipation induced depression via microbiota-gut-SCFAs axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology, Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Huajing Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology, Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology, Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhiwo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology, Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology, Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology, Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xintong Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology, Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia ZF, Wang JL, Pan W, Hu J. Croton tiglium L. seeds ameliorate loperamide-induced constipation via regulating gastrointestinal hormones and gut microbiota before and after processing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117378. [PMID: 37923254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crotonis Fructus (CF), the seeds of Croton tiglium L., have been commonly used in the treatment of constipation for more than two thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). CF needs to be processed before clinical use and Crotonis Semen Pulveratum (CP) is the processed cream of CF, which could reduce the drastic purgative action and gastrointestinal damages. However, the mechanism of CF and CP in the treatment of constipation is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to evaluate the effects of CF and CP on loperamide-induced constipation and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical compositions of CF and CP were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Constipated mouse model was established by loperamide (9.6 mg/kg, b.w., i.g.) for two weeks. After successful modeling, the mice were treated with CF or CP (45.5 and 136.5 mg/kg, b.w., i.g.) once a day for seven days. The physiological status, defecation indices, defecation time, and intestinal propulsion rate in mice were measured. Histopathologic examination and serum biochemical parameters were further estimated. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was carried out to characterize the effects of CF and CP on intestinal microbiome structure. Spearman correlation analysis was also performed to explore the association between gut microbiotic abundance and serum indices. RESULTS The results verified the therapeutic effects of CF and CP on loperamide-induced constipation. CF and CP could significantly ameliorate the reduction of fecal number, fecal weight, fecal water content, and intestinal propulsion rate in mice with constipation, and the first stool defecation time was also obviously reduced. Moreover, CF and CP could regulate the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and inflammatory factors induced by constipation. Histopathologic examination showed that CP was superior to CF in relieving pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration. According to 16S rDNA sequencing, CF and CP treatment could improve gut microbiota disturbance in mice with constipation and the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Parabacteroides, Parasutterella and Bacillus remarkably declined, while the levels of beneficial bacterial such as Candidatus_Arthromitus significantly increased. Besides, CP may play a better role in correcting the intestinal flora disorder than CF, which was more obvious in the high-dose group. In addition, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of diterpenoids and alkaloids in CF and CP. CONCLUSIONS CF and CP could ameliorate loperamide-induced constipation by regulating gastrointestinal hormones secretion, reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improving the disturbance of gut microbiota. Moreover, CP was superior to CF in the enrichment of beneficial bacteria and reduction of harmful bacteria and histopathological damage induced by constipation, which may be related to the changes in the species and content of diterpenoids after processing. The study provides new evidence for the processing mechanism and clinical application of CF and CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fei Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng W, Chen Y, Zhang H, Peng L, Li Y, Liu B, Liang H, Du B, Li P. Probiotic-fermented Qushi decoction alleviates reserpine-induced spleen deficiency syndrome by regulating spleen function and gut microbiota dysbiosis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7702-7711. [PMID: 37439120 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) is associated with elevated inflammatory factors and dysregulation of gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota. Qushi decoction (QD), a traditional formula, has not been reported using modern scientific research methods for changes in its probiotic fermented QD (FQD) composition and its potential mechanisms to alleviate SDS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the splenic protection of FQD in SDS rats by modulating gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota. RESULTS The results showed that FQD increased total polysaccharides, total protein, total flavonoids and the other active ingredients compared to QD, effectively improved splenic inflammation and apoptosis in SDS rats, and modulated gastrointestinal motility hormones to alleviate diarrhea and other symptoms. In addition, the dysregulation of the gut microbiota was reversed by increasing the levels of Bifidobacterium and decreasing the levels of Escherichia-Shigella and Proteobacteria, which may be related to the regulation of bacterial metabolites to alleviate SDS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FQD is an effective formula for improving SDS. Our findings show that FQD beneficial to the implications for the treatment of SDS. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshen Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luwei Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lai TT, Liou CW, Tsai YH, Lin YY, Wu WL. Butterflies in the gut: the interplay between intestinal microbiota and stress. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:92. [PMID: 38012609 PMCID: PMC10683179 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is a global issue that affects at least one-third of the population worldwide and increases the risk of numerous psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut and its inhabiting microbes may regulate stress and stress-associated behavioral abnormalities. Hence, the objective of this review is to explore the causal relationships between the gut microbiota, stress, and behavior. Dysbiosis of the microbiome after stress exposure indicated microbial adaption to stressors. Strikingly, the hyperactivated stress signaling found in microbiota-deficient rodents can be normalized by microbiota-based treatments, suggesting that gut microbiota can actively modify the stress response. Microbiota can regulate stress response via intestinal glucocorticoids or autonomic nervous system. Several studies suggest that gut bacteria are involved in the direct modulation of steroid synthesis and metabolism. This review provides recent discoveries on the pathways by which gut microbes affect stress signaling and brain circuits and ultimately impact the host's complex behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Lai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Duan T, Wang X, Dong X, Wang C, Wang L, Yang X, Li T. Broccoli-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles Alleviate Loperamide-Induced Constipation, in Correlation with Regulation on Gut Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16568-16580. [PMID: 37875137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Constipation, a common gastrointestinal dysfunction, damages patients' life quality and predisposes them to other serious diseases. Current strategies against constipation often cause drug dependency and side effects. Here, we demonstrated that broccoli-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (BENs), a natural product with high gastrointestinal stability, ameliorated LOP-induced constipation in mice. Specifically, orally administered BENs (17.5 mg/kg/d) effectively shortened defecation time, sped up intestinal propulsion rate, and increased feces amount in constipated mice. BENs also raised excitatory neurotransmitters SP and MTL and reduced inhibitory neurotransmitters VIP and ET-1. Mechanistically, BENs were taken up by gut microbes, restored LOP-disordered gut microbiota, and altered microbial metabolism of SCFAs and tryptophan, as evidenced by the results of fluorescence microscopy, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and nontargeted metabolomics. Thereinto, BEN-enriched SCFA-producing microorganisms are closely associated with the feces amount and SP and VIP levels and BEN-elevated indole-3-pyruvic acid and 3-indoleacetic acid are highly linked to ET-1, SP, and MTL levels. Conclusively, BENs, mitigating constipation by regulating gut microbiota and microbial tryptophan metabolism, showed high potential to be developed as alternative regimens for constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Duan
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chennan Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu B, Zhang Z, Liu X, Hu W, Wu W. Gastrointestinal Fermentable Polysaccharide Is Beneficial in Alleviating Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4364. [PMID: 37892439 PMCID: PMC10610129 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of gastrointestinal (GI) polysaccharide fermentation in alleviating constipation, two polysaccharide fractions were isolated from a soluble fiber extract with determined anti-constipation activity: a 2.04 kDa neutral fraction (SSP-1) contained 99.29% glucose, and a 41.66 kDa acidic fraction (SSP-2) contained 63.85% uronic acid. After mice were given loperamide for 14 d to induce constipation, the GI transit rate increased significantly in the SSP-1 group (p < 0.05) but not in the SSP-2 group. The stool weight in the SSP-2 group was significantly higher than that in SSP-1 (383.60 mg vs. 226.23 mg) (p < 0.05). Both SSP-1 and SSP-2 groups had significantly increased serum gastrin and motilin levels (p < 0.05) and changes in their fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, while SSP-1 showed better fermentation properties than SSP-2 in terms of statistically higher fecal contents of acetic acid and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis indicated that SSP-1 upregulated bacteria such as Oscillibacter to improve SCFA metabolism and stimulate GI hormone secretion, while SSP-2 had less influence on the gut microbiota. These results suggest that the neutral polysaccharide with superior GI fermentation properties exerted beneficial effects on constipation, while the less fermentable pectic fraction might act as a stool-bulking agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buyu Liu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Xingquan Liu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yi X, Zhou K, Jiang P, Deng N, Peng X, Tan Z. Brain-bacteria-gut axis and oxidative stress mediated by intestinal mucosal microbiota might be an important mechanism for constipation in mice. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:192. [PMID: 37205176 PMCID: PMC10185723 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota disorder was associated with constipation. This study investigated the microbiota-gut-brain axis and oxidative stress mediated by intestinal mucosal microbiota in mice with spleen deficiency constipation. The Kunming mice were randomly divided into the control (MC) group and the constipation (MM) group. The spleen deficiency constipation model was established by gavage with Folium sennae decoction and controlled diet and water intake. The body weight, spleen and thymus index, 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) content were significantly lower in the MM group than the MC group, the content of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly higher than the MC group. The Alpha diversity of intestinal mucosal bacteria was not changed but beta diversity was changed in mice with spleen deficiency constipation. Compared to the MC group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was an upward trend and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) value was a downward trend in the MM group. There was a significant difference in the characteristic microbiota between the two groups. In the MM group, Brevinema, Akkermansia, Parasutterella, Faecalibaculum, Aeromonas, Sphingobium, Actinobacillus, and other pathogenic bacteria were enriched. Meanwhile, there was a certain relationship between the microbiota and gastrointestinal neuropeptide and oxidative stress indicators. The community structure of intestinal mucosal bacteria in mice with spleen deficiency constipation was changed, which was characterized by the reduction of F/B value and enrichment of Proteobacteria. Microbiota-gut-brain axis may be important for spleen deficiency constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Kang Zhou
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007 China
| | - Na Deng
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007 China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dai Z, Wang H, Liu J, Zhang H, Li Q, Yu X, Zhang R, Yang C. Comparison of the Effects of Yucca saponin, Yucca schidigera, and Quillaja saponaria on Growth Performance, Immunity, Antioxidant Capability, and Intestinal Flora in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091447. [PMID: 37174484 PMCID: PMC10177514 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Yucca saponin (YSa), Yucca schidigera (YS), and Quillaja Saponaria (QS) on growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, immune ability, antioxidant capability, and intestinal flora of yellow-feather broilers. This study randomly divided a total of 480 1-day yellow-feather broilers into 4 treatment groups. Factors in the 4 groups included CON group (basic diet), YSa group (basic diet mixed with 500 mg/kg YSa), YS group (basic diet mixed with 500 mg/kg YS), and QS group (basic diet mixed with 500 mg/kg QS). Throughout the 56-day study period, YSa, YS, and QS groups had higher average daily gain in broilers than the CON group (p < 0.01). The YS group had a lower feed gain ratio (F: G) in broilers than the CON group (p < 0.05). YSa, YS, and QS showed increased serum immunoglobin A (IgA), immunoglobin Y (IgY), immunoglobin M (IgM), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels; enhanced acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid levels of cecal content; and reduced contents of ammonia nitrogen, urea nitrogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum in broilers (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium in the QS group was decreased compared with that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Higher IgA and IgY sera contents were observed in the YS group compared to the YSa and QS groups (p < 0.05). In contrast with the QS group, the serum IL-6 concentration of the YS group was reduced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, YSa, YS, and QS promoted growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capability, and intestinal flora in broilers. Through the comparison of YSa, YS, and QS, it was found that YS is more suitable as a feed additive to ameliorate the healthy growth of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglie Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Key Agricultural Research Institute of Veagmax Green Animal Health Products of Zhejiang Province, Anji 313300, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tiangpook S, Nhim S, Prangthip P, Pason P, Tachaapaikoon C, Ratanakhanokchai K, Waeonukul R. Production of a Series of Long-Chain Isomaltooligosaccharides from Maltose by Bacillus subtilis AP-1 and Associated Prebiotic Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071499. [PMID: 37048320 PMCID: PMC10094464 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis strain AP-1, which produces α-glucosidase with transglucosidase activity, was used to produce a series of long-chain isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) with degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 2 to 14 by direct fermentation of maltose. A total IMOs yield of 36.33 g/L without contabacillusmination from glucose and maltose was achieved at 36 h of cultivation using 50 g/L of maltose, with a yield of 72.7%. IMOs were purified by size exclusion chromatography with a Superdex 30 Increase column. The molecular mass and DP of IMOs were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Subsequently, linkages in produced oligosaccharides were verified by enzymatic hydrolysis with α-amylase and oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase. These IMOs showed prebiotic properties, namely tolerance to acidic conditions and digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, stimulation of probiotic bacteria growth to produce short-chain fatty acids and no stimulating effect on pathogenic bacteria growth. Moreover, these IMOs were not toxic to mammalian cells at up to 5 mg/mL, indicating their biocompatibility. Therefore, this research demonstrated a simple and economical method for producing IMOs with DP2–14 without additional operations; moreover, the excellent prebiotic properties of the IMOs offer great prospects for their application in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suratsawadee Tiangpook
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Sreyneang Nhim
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition & Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qi B, Zhang Y, Ren D, Qin X, Wang N, Yang X. Fu Brick Tea Alleviates Constipation via Regulating the Aquaporins-Mediated Water Transport System in Association with Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3862-3875. [PMID: 36802556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the amendatory effects of Fu brick tea aqueous extract (FTE) on constipation and its underlying molecular mechanism. The administration of FTE by oral gavage (100 and 400 mg/kg·bw) for 5 weeks significantly increased fecal water content, improved difficult defecation, and enhanced intestinal propulsion in loperamide (LOP)-induced constipated mice. FTE also reduced colonic inflammatory factors, maintained the intestinal tight junction structure, and inhibited colonic Aquaporins (AQPs) expression, thus normalizing the intestinal barrier and colonic water transport system of constipated mice. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis results indicated that two doses of FTE increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio at the phylum level and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus from 5.6 ± 1.3 to 21.5 ± 3.4% and 28.5 ± 4.3% at the genus level, subsequently resulting in a significant elevation of colonic contents short-chain fatty acids levels. The metabolomic analysis demonstrated that FTE improved levels of 25 metabolites associated with constipation. These findings suggest that Fu brick tea has the potential to alleviate constipation by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, thereby improving the intestinal barrier and AQPs-mediated water transport system in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangran Qi
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinshu Qin
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Dong N, Zhou Y, Li H, Qin G, Li H, Zhao Q, Zhang M, Su Y. Effects of Emodin on Protein Expression Related to Autophagy of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Diabetic Rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:129-133. [PMID: 36464270 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the effects and mechanism of emodin in treating diabetic gastroenteropathy and colonic dysmotility in STZ + HS/HF diet induced diabetic gastroenteropathy rats. Diabetic colonic dysmotility model was established by high-fat/high-glucose (HS/HF) feeding combined with streptozotocin (STZ). Emodin was divided into high, medium and low dose groups. After eight weeks of intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight were measured. Gastrointestinal transmission time was evaluated. Serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) were detected. Colonic protein expression of selective autophagy adaptor proteins p62 and beclin1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Colonic protein expression of beclin1, autophagy related gene 5 (Atg5), C-kit and p62 were detected by Western blot. After treating with emodin, gastrointestinal transmission rate was improved. The expression of serum SP was increased and serum VIP was decreased. Colonic c-kit and p62 were up-regulated. The expressions of beclin1 and Atg5 were down-regulated. Emodin can improve colonic dysmotility and promote the recovery of colonic motility and intestinal defecation in diabetic rats. Its mechanism may involved with up-regulating the expression of C-kit and P62, down-regulating the expression of Beclin1 and Atg5 in colon, which are associated with colon over-autophagy of Cajal interstitial cell (ICC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Dong
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hongyan Li
- Affiliated hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Gangxin Qin
- Affiliated hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hui Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Yanjin Su
- Affiliated hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feng X, Shi Y, Zhou Z, Ji Z, Zhou W, Chen S, Mao J. Alleviation of loperamide-induced constipation with sticky rice fermented huangjiu by the regulation of serum neurotransmitters and gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:692-704. [PMID: 36121332 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangjiu is an important component of traditional fermented food. It is produced by cereal fermentation. Sticky rice fermented huangjiu is an abundant source of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, proteins, amino acids, and flavor compounds (POPAF), and it has been used as a dietary supplement and pharmaceutical ingredient. The purpose of this study is to explore the alleviation of constipation using sticky rice fermented huangjiu, with the aim of providing a basis for the nutritional treatment of constipation. RESULTS Sticky rice fermented huangjiu was more effective in the alleviation of constipation than same concentration of ethanol treatment on serum neurotransmitters, gut microbiota, and intestinal metabolites in this 17 days constipation mouse model. Compared with ethanol treatment, the administration of sticky rice fermented huangjiu to constipated mice increased gastrointestinal motility. It alleviated the decrease in motilin (27.94%), substance P (13.85%), gastrin (63.46%), 5-hydroxytryptamine (4.55%), and short-chain fatty acid (19.80%) levels, and alleviated the increase in somatostatin levels (9.54%). Furthermore, the administration of sticky rice fermented huangjiu regulated the microbiota-mediated gut ecology through alterations in the characteristic taxa. CONCLUSION The results reveal that sticky rice fermented huangjiu may alleviate loperamide-induced constipation by the regulation of serum neurotransmitters and gut microbiota. These findings reveal that huangjiu is endowed with many functional components by cereal fermentation, and the bioactive substances in huangjiu can be separated and applied for medical treatment or diet therapy in the future. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Heath, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Heath, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Heath, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Food science and technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Heath, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., Ltd, Shaoxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Araújo MM, Botelho PB. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in chronic constipation: Outstanding aspects to be considered for the current evidence. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935830. [PMID: 36570175 PMCID: PMC9773270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on constipation-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and to identify issues that still need to be answered. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Animal models (n = 23) and clinical trials (n = 39) were included. In animal studies, prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation showed a decreased colonic transit time (CTT) and an increase in the number and water content of feces. In humans, inulin is shown to be the most promising prebiotic, while B. lactis and L. casei Shirota probiotics were shown to increase defecation frequency, the latter strain being more effective in improving stool consistency and constipation symptoms. Overall, synbiotics seem to reduce CTT, increase defecation frequency, and improve stool consistency with a controversial effect on the improvement of constipation symptoms. Moreover, some aspects of probiotic use in constipation-related outcomes remain unanswered, such as the best dose, duration, time of consumption (before, during, or after meals), and matrices, as well as their effect and mechanisms on the regulation of inflammation in patients with constipation, on polymorphisms associated with constipation, and on the management of constipation via 5-HT. Thus, more high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluating these lacking aspects are necessary to provide safe conclusions about their effectiveness in managing intestinal constipation.
Collapse
|
24
|
The combination of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO)-based dietary fiber and hypocaloric high-protein diet could improve the anthropometric profile and fasting plasma glucose of healthy adults: A repeated single-arm clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 30:101049. [PMID: 36506824 PMCID: PMC9731841 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Meals with high protein and fiber could reduce weight and improve diabetes risk factors. Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), a form of dietary fiber, could induce the afferent signal that causes appetite suppression. However, the direct effect of fiber supplementation in the form of IMO combined with a high-protein diet (HPF) on those parameters is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of HPF on anthropometric parameters and blood glucose regulation of healthy subjects.
. Methods Thirteen healthy subjects were given a hypocaloric high protein diet (HPD) mixed with their prepared meals for two weeks. Followed by the HPF diet for another two weeks. Their anthropometric parameters, such as body composition (total body weight, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass), BMI and waist circumference, and fasting plasma glucose, were measured. Results Compared to pre-intervention, HPF could significantly (p ≤ 0.004) reduce the anthropometric parameters and fasting plasma glucose. Compared to HPD, HPF could significantly (p ≤ 0.005) reduce more total body weight, body fat percentage, and BMI. In addition, HPF could induce more satiety than HPD (higher VAS score). Conclusion HPF could improve the subject's anthropometric parameters which is obviously beneficial in preventing the risk of developing diabetes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu X, Li M, Jian C, Wei F, Liu H, Li K, Qin X. Astragalus Polysaccharide Alleviates Constipation in the Elderly Via Modification of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:275-290. [PMID: 36205566 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, whose incidence increasing with age. As one of the main components, Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used to treat a variety of diseases. This study aimed to explore the effects of APS on the improvement of gastrointestinal functions and learning memory in elderly rats with constipation. In this study, both 16S rRNA sequencing-based microbiome and 1H NMR-based metabolomics were applied to demonstrate the effects of APS on host metabolism and gut microbiota of the elderly rats with constipation. On top of this, we constructed both inter- and inner-layer networks, intuitively showing the correlations among behavioral indicators, intestinal bacteria, and differential metabolites. Our results showed that APS significantly ameliorated the constipation and the cognitive dysfunctions of rats. Microbiome analysis revealed that APS raised the relative abundance of Blautia, whereas decreased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the elderly rats with constipation. In addition, APS decreased the levels of acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the fecal samples, correspondingly regulating glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism and pyruvate metabolism. These findings lay solid foundations for understanding the pathogenesis of constipation in the elderly, and also offer a promising new treatment strategy for constipation in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fuxiao Wei
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huanle Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin Q, Liu M, Erhunmwunsee F, Li B, Mou Y, Wang S, Zhang G, Tian J. Chinese patent medicine shouhui tongbian capsule attenuated loperamide-induced constipation through modulating the gut microbiota in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115575. [PMID: 35934189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shouhui tongbian capsule (SHTC) is a commercial Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of constipation. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to assess SHTC relieved effects on the clinical symptoms of loperamide (LOP) induced constipation in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model and to clarify the relationship between the protective effect of SHTC on constipation and the gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constipation male SD rats models were induced with solution of LOP (1.5 mg/kg bw), and rats were treated with an oral dose of SHTC (35, 70 mg/kg bw) three times a day after successful modeling. All rats were assessed weekly by change in body weight, gastric emptying rate, fecal moisture content and wet/dry weight. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were used to observe parts of the rats small intestine. The gut microbiota in colonic contents was analyzed using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GCMS). RESULTS The results confirmed the therapeutic effects of SHTC on constipation. Specifically, SHTC could alleviate the decrease in body weight, gastric emptying rate and fecal moisture content caused by LOP-induced constipation. The pathological damage of small intestine was significantly improved by H&E staining. Notably, SHTC increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides (F/B). In addition, the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was significantly increased in constipated rats fed with SHTC. CONCLUSION SHTC could ameliorate the development of LOP-induced constipation in rats by remodeling the structure of gut microbial community and regulating production of intestinal metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Famous Erhunmwunsee
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yanfang Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.
| | - Jun Tian
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carbohydrate-based functional ingredients derived from starch: Current status and future prospects. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
28
|
Ma J, Chen S, Li Y, Wu X, Song Z. Arbutin improves gut development and serum lipids via Lactobacillus intestinalis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948573. [PMID: 36159503 PMCID: PMC9502005 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbutin has been widely studied in whitening, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, the interaction between arbutin and intestinal microbes has been rarely studied. Thus, mice were treated with arbutin concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 1 mg/ml. We found that arbutin promoted gut development such as villus length, villus areas, and villus length/crypt depth (L/D). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly reduced by low concentrations of arbutin. Importantly, we analyzed the microbial composition in the control and 0.4 mg/ml arbutin group and found that the abundance of Lactobacillus intestinalis (L. intestinalis) was highest and enhanced in arbutin. Further, mice were fed with oral antibiotics and antibiotics + 0.4 mg/ml arbutin and then we transplanted fecal microbes from oral 0.4 mg/ml arbutin mice to mice pretreated with antibiotics. Our results showed that arbutin improves gut development, such as villus width, villus length, L/D, and villus areas. In addition, L. intestinalis monocolonization was carried out after a week of oral antibiotics and increased villus length, crypt depth, and villus areas. Finally, in vitro arbutin and L. intestinalis co-culture showed that arbutin promoted the growth and proliferation of L. intestinalis. Taken together, our results suggest that arbutin improves gut development and health of L. intestinalis. Future studies are needed to explore the function and mechanism of L. intestinalis affecting gut development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zehe Song,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao Y, Liu Q, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Alleviating effects of gut micro-ecologically regulatory treatments on mice with constipation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956438. [PMID: 36016793 PMCID: PMC9396131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments targeted for gut microbial regulation are newly developed strategies in constipation management. In this study, the alleviating effects of gut micro-ecologically regulatory treatments on constipation in mice were investigated. Male BALB/c mice were treated with loperamide to induce constipation, and then the corresponding intervention was administered in each group, respectively. The results showed that administration of mixed probiotics (MP), a 5-fold dose of postbiotics (P5), both synbiotics (S and S2), as well as mixed probiotics and postbiotics (MPP) blend for 8 days shortened the time to the first black stool, raised fecal water content, promoted intestinal motility, and increased serum motilin level in loperamide-treated mice. Furthermore, these treatments altered gut microbial composition and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Based on linear regression analysis, SCFA was positively correlated with serum motilin except for isobutyrate. It suggested gut microbial metabolites affected secretion of motilin to increase gastrointestinal movement and transportation function and thus improved pathological symptoms of mice with constipation. In conclusion, the alteration of gut micro-ecology is closely associated with gastrointestinal function, and it is an effective way to improve constipation via probiotic, prebiotic, and postbiotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | | | - Yanmei Hou
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqing Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qiu Z, Qiao Y, Zhang B, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zheng Z. Bioactive polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from garlic (Allium sativum L.): Production, physicochemical and biological properties, and structure-function relationships. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3033-3095. [PMID: 35765769 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is a common food, and many of its biological functions are attributed to its components including functional carbohydrates. Garlic polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as main components are understudied but have future value due to the growing demand for bioactive polysaccharides/oligosaccharides from natural sources. Garlic polysaccharides have molecular weights of 1 × 103 to 2 × 106 Da, containing small amounts of pectins and fructooligosaccharides and large amounts of inulin-type fructans ((2→1)-linked β-d-Fruf backbones alone or with attached (2→6)-linked β-d-Fruf branched chains). This article provides a detailed review of research progress and identifies knowledge gaps in extraction, production, composition, molecular characteristics, structural features, physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and structure-function relationships of garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides. Whether the extraction processes, synthesis approaches, and modification methods established for other non-garlic polysaccharides are also effective for garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides (to preserve their desired molecular structures and bioactivities) requires verification. The metabolic processes of ingested garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides (as food ingredients/dietary supplements), their modes of action in healthy humans or populations with chronic conditions, and molecular/chain organization-bioactivity relationships remain unclear. Future research directions related to garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yiteng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sunarti, Mumpuni H, Yasmine N, Marsono Y, Fibri DLN, Murdiati A. FiberCreme as a Functional Food Ingredient Reduces Hyperlipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Subjects with Hyperlipidemia. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:165-171. [PMID: 35919567 PMCID: PMC9309072 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FiberCreme is a commercial nondairy creamer made with isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) that is a source of dietary fiber. A study showed that IMO could decrease cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides, which are factors related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance. This study evaluated FiberCreme’s ability as a functional food ingredient to reduce CH and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in subjects with hyperlipidemic. This controlled clinical study trial involved 53 (23∼57 years old) subjects with borderline high CH (>190 mg/dL) or triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) or both, who were divided into FiberCreme and control groups. The participant received 86 g of cookies daily for 4 weeks. The FiberCreme and control groups consumed FiberCreme-containing cookies and cookies with coconut cream with 5.78% and 4.69% fibers, respectively. Lipid profile, anthropometry, body composition, and food intake were also measured. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.25. This study suggests that FiberCreme cookies can significantly reduce CH, triglycerides, and cardiac risk ratio scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Hasanah Mumpuni
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Yasmine
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yustinus Marsono
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Larasatie Nur Fibri
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Agnes Murdiati
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prebiotic Isomaltooligosaccharide Provides an Advantageous Fitness to the Probiotic Bacillus subtilis CU1. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis CU1 is a probiotic strain with beneficial effects on immune health in elderly subjects and diarrhea. Commercialized under spore form, new strategies to improve the germination, fitness and beneficial effects of the probiotic once in the gut have to be explored. For this purpose, functional food ingredients, such as isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOSs), could improve the fitness of Bacillus probiotics. IMOSs are composed of α(1 → 6)- and α(1 → 4)-linked oligosaccharides and are partially indigestible. Dietary IMOSs stimulate beneficial members of intestinal microbiota, but the effect of a combination of IMOSs with probiotics, such as B. subtilis CU1, is unknown. In this study, we evaluate the potential effect of IMOSs in B. subtilis CU1 and identify the metabolic pathways involved. The biochemical analysis of the commercial IMOSs highlights a degree of polymerization (DP) comprised between 1 and 29. The metabolism of IMOSs in CU1 was attributed to an α-glucosidase, secreted in the extracellular compartment one hundred times more than with glucose, and which seems to hydrolyze high DP IMOSs into shorter oligosaccharides (DP1, DP2 and DP3) in the culture medium. Proteomic analysis of CU1 after growth on IMOSs showed a reshaping of B. subtilis CU1 metabolism and functions, associated with a decreased production of lactic acid and acetic acid by two times. Moreover, we show for the first time that IMOSs could improve the germination of a Bacillus probiotic in the presence of bile salts in vitro, with an 8 h reduced lag-time when compared to a glucose substrate. Moreover, bacterial concentration (CFU/mL) was increased by about 1 log in IMOS liquid cultures after 48 h when compared to glucose. In conclusion, the use of IMOSs in association with probiotic B. subtilis CU1 in a synbiotic product could improve the fitness and benefits of the probiotic.
Collapse
|
33
|
Xia P, Liu X, Hou T, Zhan F, Geng F, Zhang Z, Li B. Evaluation of the effect of prebiotic sesame candies on loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:5690-5700. [PMID: 35510626 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract symptoms. In this study, prebiotic sesame sugar (PSC) was prepared from isomalto-oligosaccharide, konjac glucomannan and sesame, and the relieving effect of PSC on constipation induced by loperamide was explored. The results showed that PSC treatment profoundly improved the defecation function and boosted intestinal motility. Moreover, PSC repaired gastrointestinal tissue injury and inflammation induced by constipation, which confirmed the effectiveness of PSC intervention in the treatment of constipation. The mechanism of PSC improving constipation might be that PSC improved the imbalance of gastrointestinal neurotransmitters and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces. In conclusion, PSC dietotherapy could effectively alleviate the symptoms and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of an anti-constipation diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Sanquan, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhan Y, Wen Y, Du LJ, Wang XX, Tang SY, Kong PF, Huang WG, Tang XG. Effects of Maren Pills on the Intestinal Microflora and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in Drug-Induced Slow Transit Constipation Model Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:804723. [PMID: 35496291 PMCID: PMC9039019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.804723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Slow transit constipation (STC) is becoming a common and frequently occurring disease in today’s society, and it is necessary to explore the safe and effective treatment of STC. Method: Our study aimed to investigate whether the laxative effect of Maren pills (MRW) is associated with the regulation of intestinal microflora and intestinal metabolism in the colon. Loperamide hydrochloride-induced STC rats received MRW intragastrically for two consecutive weeks to evaluate the laxative effect of MRW involving the regulation of intestinal microflora, intestinal metabolism, and 5-HT signaling pathway. Intestinal microflora was detected by 16s rDNA sequencing, intestinal metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was detected by HPLC, and the 5-HT signaling pathway was detected by WB, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Our results revealed that the treatments with MRW increased not only the body weight, 24-h fecal number, 24-h wet fecal weight, 24-h dry fecal weight, fecal water content, and the intestinal propulsion rate but also the colonic goblet cell number, colonic Muc-2 protein expression, and colonic mucus layer thickness in the STC model rats. Moreover, MRW activated the 5-HT pathway by increasing the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, 5-HT4R, CFTR, cAMP, and PKA in the colon tissue of STC rats. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that MRW improved the colonic microflora structure in colonic contents of STC rats, mainly by increasing Lactobacillus and decreasing Prevotella. Finally, we found that MRW regulated the SCFA metabolism in the colonic contents of the STC rats, mainly by increasing the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with either contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and the relative abundance of Clostridium was negatively correlated. Conclusion: Our study further showed that MRW could improve constipation in STC rats, and the mechanism may be by regulating the intestinal microflora structure and improving the metabolism of SCFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Anorectal, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Du
- Department of Anorectal, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wang
- Department of Digestive medicine, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Yu Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Kong
- Department of Anorectal Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei-Guo Huang
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Department of Anorectal Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Yang L, Wan Y, Li W, Liu C, Li HF, Dong Z, Zhu K, Jiang S, Shang E, Qian D, Duan J. Targeting intestinal flora and its metabolism to explore the laxative effects of rhubarb. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1615-1631. [PMID: 35129656 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a traditional herb, has been used in clinical practice for hundreds of years to cure constipation, but its mechanism is still not clear enough. Currently, growing evidence suggests that intestinal flora might be a potential target for the treatment of constipation. Thus, the aim of this study was to clarify the laxative effect of rhubarb via systematically analyzing the metagenome and metabolome of the gut microbiota. In this study, the laxative effects of rhubarb were investigated by loperamide-induced constipation in rats. The gut microbiota was determined by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for fecal metabolomics analysis. The data showed that rhubarb could significantly shorten gastrointestinal transit time, increase fecal water content and defecation frequency, improve gastrointestinal hormone disruption, and protect the colon mucus layer. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that rhubarb could improve the disorder of intestinal microbiota in constipated rats. For example, beneficial bacteria such as Ligilactobacillus, Limosilalactobacillus, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 were remarkably increased, and pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella were significantly decreased after rhubarb treatment. Additionally, the fecal metabolic profiles of constipated rats were improved by rhubarb. After rhubarb treatment, metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, prostaglandin F2α, and α-linolenic acid were markedly increased in constipation rats; in contrast, the metabolites such as lithocholic acid, calcidiol, and 10-hydroxystearic acid were notably reduced in constipation rats. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between intestinal flora, fecal metabolites, and biochemical indices associated with constipation. In conclusion, the amelioration of rhubarb in constipation might modulate the intestinal microflora and its metabolism. Moreover, the application of fecal metabolomics could provide a new strategy to uncover the mechanism of herbal medicines.Key points• Rhubarb could significantly improve gut microbiota disorder in constipation rats.• Rhubarb could markedly modulate the fecal metabolite profile of constipated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
ZHAO X, MU J, YI R. Research progress of naturally fermented yogurt with lactic acid bacteria in Xinjiang: a review of anti-constipation probiotics. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin ZHAO
- Chongqing University of Education, China
| | - Jianfei MU
- Chongqing University of Education, China
| | - Ruokun YI
- Chongqing University of Education, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ma P, Peng Y, Zhao L, Liu F, Li X. Differential effect of polysaccharide and nonpolysaccharide components in Sijunzi decoction on spleen deficiency syndrome and their mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153790. [PMID: 34710756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), reported in "Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang" of the Song dynasty, is the basic prescription for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodisa Macricephalae Rhizoma, Poria and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle. PURPOSE This study sought to explore the effects of different components in SJZD (including nonpolysaccharide NPS and active polysaccharide S-3) on SDS rats and their underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS First, SDS model rats were established by reserpine injection and then treated with SJZD, NPS and S-3. To clarify their effect on GI motility and immune function, the gastrointestinal (GI) hormone levels in rat serum and their related receptor expressions in rat intestine were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot, and the intestinal T lymphocyte expression were quantified by flow cytometry. The levels of SCFAs in feces and serum were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S RNA sequencing. Furthermore, pseudo-germ-free (pGF) and gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD) model rats were established to verify the key role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of SDS with SJZD, NPS and S-3. RESULTS SJZD has a stronger therapeutic effect on intestinal immune and GI hormone secretion in SDS rats, while the efficacy of NPS and S-3 showed slight differences. NPS mainly regulated the secretion of GI hormones in SDS rats and directly improved intestinal immunity by increasing the expression of T lymphocyte cells, while S-3 mainly enhanced intestinal immune function by increasing the expression of T lymphocyte cells and repairing the intestinal barrier in both direct and indirect ways. Additionally, experiments in pGF and GMD rats have proven that the immune-enhancing effects of SJZD, NPS, and S-3 on SDS rats and the regulation of GI hormones of S-3 are related to modulation of the gut microbiota composition, while the regulation of GI hormones by SJZD and NPS is not completely dependent on this modulation. In particular, Lactobacillus, SMB53, Blautia, Dorea, Collinsella and Adlercreutzia were significantly modulated by SJZD, and 3 genera (including Lactobacillus, Dorea and SMB53) were also remarkably regulated by NPS. S-3 significantly increased the abundance of Butyricimonas and Collinsella, which were different from altered genera in the SJZD group. CONCLUSION This study uncovered that NPS and S-3 are inseparable effective substances for SJZD in the treatment of SDS rats, in which NPS mainly improves intestinal motility dysfunction and S-3 mainly enhances intestinal immunity. The mediation effect of the gut microbiota is extremely important, but the regulating effect of NPS on gastrointestinal hormones has nothing to do with the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yu X, Fu C, Cui Z, Chen G, Xu Y, Yang C. Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6364795. [PMID: 34487146 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P < 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P < 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P < 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunsheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhenchuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gut Hormones as Potential Therapeutic Targets or Biomarkers of Response in Depression: The Case of Motilin. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090892. [PMID: 34575041 PMCID: PMC8465535 DOI: 10.3390/life11090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified the gut–brain axis as a key mechanistic pathway and potential therapeutic target in depression. In this paper, the potential role of gut hormones as potential treatments or predictors of response in depression is examined, with specific reference to the peptide hormone motilin. This possibility is explored through two methods: (1) a conceptual review of the possible links between motilin and depression, including evidence from animal and human research as well as clinical trials, based on a literature search of three scientific databases, and (2) an analysis of the relationship between a functional polymorphism (rs2281820) of the motilin (MLN) gene and cross-national variations in the prevalence of depression based on allele frequency data after correction for potential confounders. It was observed that (1) there are several plausible mechanisms, including interactions with diet, monoamine, and neuroendocrine pathways, to suggest that motilin may be relevant to the pathophysiology and treatment of depression, and (2) there was a significant correlation between rs2281820 allele frequencies and the prevalence of depression after correcting for multiple confounding factors. These results suggest that further evaluation of the utility of motilin and related gut peptides as markers of antidepressant response is required and that these molecular pathways represent potential future mechanisms for antidepressant drug development.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang J, Liang Q, Zhao Q, Tang Q, Ahmed AF, Zhang Y, Kang W. The effect of microbial composition and proteomic on improvement of functional constipation by Chrysanthemum morifolium polysaccharide. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112305. [PMID: 34033886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, SD rat constipation model was established with loperamide hydrochloride to study the effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium polysaccharide on the improvement of functional constipation, and the mechanism of improving constipation was investigated with the proteomics and intestinal flora. The results showed that the HD group of C. morifolium polysaccharide could significantly increase the levels of water content of stool pellets, small intestine propulsion rate, gastrin (MTL), gastrin (GAS) and substance P (SP), decrease the level of growth inhibitor (SS) and improved gastrointestinal motility in rats. Gut microbial studies showed that C. morifolium polysaccharide could significantly increase species abundance and flora diversity and improve flora structure. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Romboutsia increased, while the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Roseburia decreased compared with the MC group. Proteomics studies suggested that C. morifolium polysaccharides could reduce intestinal lesions, enhance intestinal homeostasis, increase amino acid uptake, promote intestinal motility and relieve constipation by regulating the expression of RAS, FABP1 and SLC1A5 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiongxin Liang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qi Tang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Adel F Ahmed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 71625, Egypt.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, 050227, China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050227, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu W, Zhi A. The potential of Quercetin to protect against loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3297-3307. [PMID: 34136194 PMCID: PMC8194749 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is the most common gastrointestinal complaint all over the world, and it is a risk factor of colorectal cancer. In this study, the protective of Quercetin against loperamide-induced constipation and its potential mechanism in a rat model were investigated. Results showed that Quercetin at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg could significantly (p < .05) increase the intestinal transit rate, motilin, gastrin, substance P levels, and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), reduce the somatostatin levels, and improve the gastrointestinal peristalsis of rats. In addition, the expression levels of enteric nerve-related factors, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), c-Kit, stem cell factor (SCF), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) were examined by RT-qPCR and/or Western blot analysis. The results suggest that Quercetin relieves loperamide-induced constipation by increasing the levels of interstitial cells of Cajal markers (c-Kit and SCF), as well as AQP3. In conclusion, the present study suggested that Quercetin exerted a protective effect against loperamide-induced constipation, which may be associated with its role in regulation of multiple signal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Fujian Fengjiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ZhangzhouChina
| | - Aimin Zhi
- Fujian Fengjiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ZhangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|